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18791*3Thelocactus 144-171 FOCUS THELOCACTUS Un’introduzione al genere ~ An introduction to the genus A nord di Dr Arroyo, Nuevo León. Basse colline calcaree ricoperte da unmatorral rosetofilo conDasilyrion sp. Sono l’habitat di Thelocactus hexaedrophorus e Thelocactus conothelos ssp. conothelos. ~ North of Dr Arroyo, Nuevo León. Low limestone hills, covered by ‘matorral rosetofilo’ with Dasilyrion sp. are the habitat ofThelocactus hexaedrophorus a n d Thelocactus conothelos ssp. conothelos. Photo: Mosco. Text: Alessandro Mosco & Carlo Zanovello Thelocactus bicolor ssp. bicolor, Cinco de Mayo, Coahuila. Photo: Jauernig. Thelocactus l primo Thelocactus a comparire in Europa fu he first Thelocactus to appear in Europe bicolor T. leucacanthus. Questa specie venne scoperta was T. leucacanthus. This species was ssp. bicolor near da Karwinski nei pressi di Zimapán, e inviata discovered by Karwinski near Zimapàn, Saltillo COAH. attorno al 1830 all’orto botanico di Monaco. and sent to the München botanical garden Pianta in fiore su Allora fu ascritta al genere Echinocactus, come around 1830. At that time it was ascribed roccia calcarea con Ilo era del resto la stragrande maggioranza delle cac- Tto the genus Echinocactus, as was the case with Jatropha dioica ~ tacee globose. Il nome Thelocactus apparve in lette- most of the globular cacti. The name Thelocactus flowering plant on ratura molti anni più tardi, ad opera di K. Schumann appeared in the literature many years later, introdu- calcareous rock che nel suo ‘opus magnum’, Gesamtbeschreibung ced by K. Schumann, who in his ‘opus magnum’ among Jatropha der Kakteen, lo usò per identificare un sottogenere Gesamtbeschreibung der Kakteen, used it to iden- dioica. dell’allora mastodontico genere Echinocactus. In tify a subgenus of the then mastodontic genus Echi- Photo: A.Hofer. esso Schumann incluse tutta una serie di specie nocactus. In it Schumann included a series of spe- accomunate dall’avere il fusto diviso in tubercoli, da cies sharing the common character of a stem divided cui il nome Thelocactus (‘thele’ in greco significa into tubercles, from which the name Thelocactus capezzolo). Circa trent’anni dopo Britton e Rose ele- (‘thele’ in Greek means nipple). About thirty years varono Thelocactus al rango di genere, designando later, Britton and Rose raised Thelocactus to the Thelocactus hexaedrophorus come specie tipo, e vi rank of genus, designating Thelocactus hexae- inclusero dodici taxon che ancora oggi ne fanno drophorus as the type species, and including twelve parte. Successivamente all’opera di Britton e Rose, taxa that still belong to it. After Britton and Rose’s al nucleo originale di specie se ne aggiunsero molte work, many other species were added to the original altre, sia come nuove specie che come ricombina- group, both as new species and as recombinations. zioni. Inoltre il genere è stato oggetto di alcune revi- Furthermore, the genus underwent some revisions sioni che hanno modificato la tassonomia e quindi that modified the taxonomy and therefore the la nomenclatura delle specie coinvolte. Alcune delle nomenclature of the species involved. Some of the specie ricombinate in Thelocactus (T. gielsdorfia- species recombined in Thelocactus (T. gielsdorfia- nus, T. knuthianus, T. saueri, T. viereckii, T. subter- nus,T. knuthianus, T. saueri, T. viereckii, T. subter- raneus) sono state incluse in seguito da Backeberg raneus) were afterwards included by Backeberg in a in un genere affine, Gymnocactus, oggi sinonimo di related genus Gymnocactus, today a synonym of Turbinicarpus. Nel 1978 Anderson, sulla base della Turbinicarpus. In 1978 Anderson, on the basis of a comparazione di alcuni caratteri, propose di inclu- comparison between some characters, proposed the dere le specie di Gymnocactus in Thelocactus, ma inclusion of the Gymnocactus species in Thelocac- nel 1986 rivide la sua precedente proposta inclu- tus, but in 1986 he changed his earlier proposal, dendo le specie di Gymnocactus in Neolloydia, including Gymnocactus species in Neolloydia, thus Thelocactus ampliando i limiti di quest’ultimo genere. Gli anni widening the limits of the latter genus. In the eigh- bicolor ’80 videro la descrizione di alcuni nuovi taxa, sia a ties some new taxa were described, both at the ssp. bolaensis, livello di varietà che di specie, e una nuova delimi- variety and at the species level, and the genus was Cerro Bola, tazione del genere (Anderson 1987). In questa revi- newly delimited (Anderson 1987). In this revision Coahuila. sione l’autore incluse Hamatocactus setispinus in the author included Hamatocactus setispinus in Photo: Jantschgi. Thelocactus, fondando la sua proposta sulle somi- Thelocactus, basing his proposal on the similarities 146 CACTUS & Co. 2 (6) 2002 2 (6) 2002 CACTUS & Co. 147 FOCUS sono state segregate dal genere. È recente la propo- Thelocactus and the inclusion of these taxa in a new sta di Doweld (1998) di segregare T. conothelos e le genus, all based only on the differences in the sue varietà da Thelocactus e di includere questi taxa microstructures of the seed cuticle, that in this spe- in un genere nuovo, Torreycactus, il tutto sulla base cies is smooth instead of finely granular. The most delle sole differenze nella microstruttura della cuti- recent revision of the genus is by the two authors of cola dei semi, che in queste specie è liscia anziché this article (Mosco & Zanovello, 2000) and it comes finemente granulare. La più recente revisione del from a study of many years, with observations car- genere è opera dei due autori di questo articolo ried out both on plants of their own collections and (Mosco & Zanovello, 2000) ed è il risultato di uno in habitat. Our study is based on the cross-compari- studio pluriennale, con osservazioni eseguite sia son of 65 characters for each of the 34 entities exa- sulle piante delle proprie collezioni che in natura. Il mined. Our results allowed us to state that Hama- FOCUS nostro studio si è basato sulla comparazione incro- tocactus does not belong to the same genus as The- ciata di 65 caratteri per ognuna delle 34 entità prese locactus, and to revise the taxonomic position of a in esame. I risultati ottenuti ci hanno consentito di few taxa. In the year 2000 a consistent number of sostenere che Hamatocactus non è congenerico new names has been added to the ones already con Thelocactus, nonché di rivedere la posizione known, due to the work of some Czechoslovakian tassonomica di alcuni taxa. Nel 2000 un numero authors who have taken the trouble to describe consistente di nuovi nomi si è aggiunto a quelli già some mere local forms. In our opinion, these varie- noti, il tutto ad opera di alcuni autori cecoslovacchi ties have no systematic value, so these names have che si sono presi la briga di descrivere delle mere only lengthened the list of synonyms. forme locali. Il valore sistematico di queste varietà è, a nostro avviso, nullo, pertanto questi nomi sono andati ad allungare la lista dei sinonimi. Thelocactus Britton & Rose, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 49: 251 (Aug. 1922). Thelocactus Type: Echinocactus hexaedrophorus Lemaire. Thelocactus glianze riscontrate tra T. bicolor e H. setispinus per between many of the characters chosen to compare Britton & Rose, Bull. Torrey Bot. To r reycactus Doweld, bicolor parecchi fra i caratteri presi in considerazione per the species T. bicolor and H. setispinus. This new Club 49: 251 (Aug. 1922). Sukkulenty 1: 19 (1998). ssp. bolaensis confrontare le due specie. Questa nuova delimita- delimitation of Thelocactus totally upset the limits Tipo: Echinocactus hexaedrophorus Lemaire. “wagnerianus”, zione del genere Thelocactus portò ad un totale of the genus: the two essential characters on which To r reycactus Doweld, Stem single or clustering, depressed, globose, El Dorado, sconvolgimento dei suoi limiti, in quanto due carat- Britton and Rose had based the genus, i.e. the pre- Sukkulenty 1: 19 (1998). ovoidal or cylindrical, 2-20 cm in diameter, 3-40 cm Coahuila. teri essenziali su cui Britton e Rose avevano fondato sence of tubercles, that gave the genus its name, and high. Ribs present or indistinct. Tubercles present, Photo: Zanovello. il genere, e cioè la presenza di tubercoli, carattere fruits dehiscent at the base, disappeared, since H. Fusto singolo o accestito, depresso, globoso, rounded or conical. Areoles at the apex of tubercles, che è ripreso dal nome generico, ed i frutti deiscen- setispinus has no tubercles and has fleshy, indehi- ovoidale o cilindrico, 2-20 cm in diametro, 3-40 cm sometimes elongated into a short groove, with or ti alla base, vennero improvvisamente meno, essen- scent fruits. Since Anderson’s revision, other species in altezza. Coste presenti o indistinte. Tubercoli pre- without glands. Spines generally straight, with varia- do H. setispinus sprovvisto di tubercoli e con frutti have been described (T. garciae, T. multicephalus, T. senti, arrotondati o conici. Areole all’apice dei ble diameter, length and color, usually radial and carnosi ed indeiscenti. Dal momento della revisione flavus) and others still have been separated from tubercoli, talvolta allungate in un breve solco, con o central ones are distinguishable. Flowers apical, fun- di Anderson altre specie sono state descritte (T. gar- the genus. Doweld (1998) has recently proposed senza ghiandole. Spine generalmente diritte, varia- nel-shaped, with scaled ovary and tube, white, yel- ciae, T. multicephalus, T. flavus) ed altre ancora the separation of T. conothelos and its varieties from bili in diametro, lunghezza e colore, di solito con le low or magenta. Fruits green to reddish, with radiali e le centrali distinguibili. Fiori apicali, infun- perianth remnants present, dehiscent at maturity Thelocactus diboliformi, con l’ovario ed il tubo squamati, bian- through a basal pore. Seeds pyriform, with a basal bicolor chi, gialli o magenta. Frutti da verdi a rossicci, con i hilum, black, testa cells tabular, convex or conical, ssp. resti del perianzio presenti, deiscenti a maturità tra- cuticle granular or smooth.
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