DOCSLIB.ORG

Yuk L. Yung 43 Years of Planetary Research! 1973

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Yuk L. Yung 43 Years of Planetary Research! 1973 Yuk L. Yung 43 Years of Planetary Research! 1973 Yuk’s first planetary science paper Also in 1973: Pioneer 10 Jupiter flyby 1974 Yuk receives Ph.D. pre-Voyager speculation about Io McElroy Also in 1974: Mariner 10 Venus & Mercury flybys, Pioneer 11 Jupiter flyby Harvard Research Fellow and Lecturer in Atmospheric Sciences 1975 Wofsy Yuk’s first DPS abstract Also in 1975: Venera 1 & 2 first images of Venus surface Harvard Research Fellow and Lecturer in Atmospheric Sciences 1976 Goody Yuk’s first Icarus paper Also in 1976: Viking Landers arrive on Mars 1977 Assistant Professor of Planetary Science California Institute of Technology faculty position! Also in 1977: Voyagers launch; Space Shuttle Enterprise testing from 747 Assistant Professor of Planetary Science California Institute of Technology 1978 Yuk’s first single-authored paper Pinto Also in 1978: Pioneer Venus orbiter and probes arrive at Venus Assistant Professor of Planetary Science California Institute of Technology 1979 Strobel Also in 1979: Voyager 1 & 2 fly by Jupiter Assistant Professor of Planetary Science California Institute of Technology 1980 Sander Also in 1980: Voyager 1 flies by Saturn Assistant Professor of Planetary Science California Institute of Technology 1981 KINETICS makes its debut! Allen Also in 1981: First space shuttle mission; Voyager 2 flies by Saturn Associate Professor of Planetary Science California Institute of Technology 1982 tenure! ... and instant classic Venus photochemistry paper DeMore Also in 1982: Venera 13 takes soil samples on Venus Associate Professor of Planetary Science California Institute of Technology 1983 Yuk’s first graduate student receives Ph.D. Gladstone Lunine Also in 1983: First infrared orbital observatory; first US woman in space Associate Professor of Planetary Science California Institute of Technology 1984 Another instant classic and Yuk’s highest-cited paper Also in 1984: First untethered spacewalk; first image of circumstellar disk Associate Professor of Planetary Science California Institute of Technology 1985 Froidevaux Summers Also in 1985: Vega Venus balloon missions Professor of Planetary Science California Institute of Technology 1986 Promotion to full professor Also in 1986: Voyager 2 at Uranus; Giotto at Halley Professor of Planetary Science California Institute of Technology 1987 Clarke Also in 1987: Mir in second year of continuous habitation Professor of Planetary Science California Institute of Technology 1988 Wen Drew Also in 1988: Shuttle returns to flight 2.5 yrs after Challenger accident Professor of Planetary Science California Institute of Technology 1989 Yuk’s first book Michelangeli Also in 1989: Voyager 2 flies by Neptune Professor of Planetary Science California Institute of Technology 1990 2D development of KINETICS Shia Lyons Also in 1990: HST launch; Magellan at Venus Professor of Planetary Science California Institute of Technology 1991 Also in 1991: First asteroid flyby (Galileo at Gaspra) Landry Professor of Planetary Science California Institute of Technology 1992 Moses Eluszkiewicz Also in 1992: First polar orbit about the Sun (Ulysses) Professor of Planetary Science California Institute of Technology 1993 Anbar Also in 1993: Hubble repair mission Gurwell Professor of Planetary Science California Institute of Technology 1994 Classic Mars photochemistry paper Nair Also in 1994: Shoemaker-Levy 9 impacts with Jupiter Professor of Planetary Science California Institute of Technology 1995 Kass Leu Also in 1995: First confirmed exoplanet; Galileo probe enters Jupiter Professor of Planetary Science California Institute of Technology 1996 Classic Jupiter photochemistry paper Moyer Lee Irion Also in 1996: Allan Hills 84001 controversy; ATMOS deployment Professor of Planetary Science California Institute of Technology 1997 Miller Webster Jaegle Also in 1997: Mars Pathfinder with Sojourner rover Professor of Planetary Science California Institute of Technology 1998 Kuang Also in 1998: Construction begins on International Space Station Professor of Planetary Science California Institute of Technology 1999 Yuk’s second book! Cheng Also in 1999: Chandra launch and deployment Professor of Planetary Science California Institute of Technology 2000 Wong Ajello Also in 2000: Cassini Jupiter flyby Professor of Planetary Science California Institute of Technology 2001 Gerstell Francisco Also in 2001: NEAR Shoemaker at Eros Professor of Planetary Science California Institute of Technology 2002 Friedson Also in 2002: Mars Odyssey maps Mars; Exoplanet atmosphere detected Professor of Planetary Science California Institute of Technology 2003 Yuk elected as a Fellow of the American Geophysical Union! first-ever exoplanet photochemistry paper Liang Blake Also in 2003: Mars Express Professor of Planetary Science California Institute of Technology 2004 NASA medal for Exceptional Scientific Achievement! 2D-CTM Morgan Also in 2004: Stardust mission; Cassini at Saturn; Mars rovers Professor of Planetary Science California Institute of Technology 2005 Elected Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science Esposito Also in 2005: Huygens probe lands on Titan’s surface Professor of Planetary Science California Institute of Technology 2006 Parkinson Also in 2006: MRO mission at Mars Professor of Planetary Science California Institute of Technology 2007 Mills Crisp Shemansky Also in 2007: 50th anniversary of Sputnik Professor of Planetary Science California Institute of Technology 2008 Jiang Meadows Also in 2008: Phoenix lander at Mars; announcement of first image of extrasolar multiplanet system Professor of Planetary Science California Institute of Technology 2009 Swain Tinetti Also in 2009: Kepler launch; LCROSS crashes into Moon Academician! Professor of Planetary Science California Institute of Technology 2010 Line Zhang Tian Also in 2010: EPOXI mission Fellow! Professor of Planetary Science California Institute of Technology 2011 Li Also in 2011: MESSENGER at Mercury Smits Family Professor of Planetary Science California Institute of Technology 2012 Also in 2012: MSL and Curiosity at Mars Smits Family Professor of Planetary Science California Institute of Technology 2013 Kammer Also in 2013: LADEE mission; MAVEN mission Smits Family Professor of Planetary Science California Institute of Technology 2014 Chinese-American Engineers and Scientists Association of Southern California Achievement Award Li Gao Boxe Also in 2014: Rosetta mission Smits Family Professor of Planetary Science California Institute of Technology 2015 DPS Kuiper Prize! Wong Hu Also in 2015: Dawn at Ceres; New Horizons at Pluto DPS Kuiper Prize Announcement The 2015 Kuiper Prize recipient is Dr. Yuk Yung, Smits Family Professor at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, CA. Yung has made numerous enduring contributions to planetary science, particularly in the areas of atmospheric photochemistry and aeronomy, global climate change, radiative transfer, atmospheric evolution, and mesospheric-thermospheric chemistry and exchange. His unique integration of observations, laboratory data, and careful modeling has yielded pioneering insights into the current properties and behavior of solar-system atmospheres, as well as their historical evolution. His models of the chemistry of planetary atmospheres have been widely used to interpret the results from spacecraft missions, including the Vikings, Voyagers, Pioneer Venus, Galileo, Venus Express, Mars Science Laboratory, Cassini, and New Horizons. Key to his success has been his enormous enthusiasm and inexhaustible tenacity for research, his very broad knowledge in many fields, his creative and innovative approach to problems in planetary atmospheres. His continual flow of new ideas, his breadth of knowledge, and his big-picture understanding of planetary science have inspired generations of students and postdocs over the past four decades. The DPS is pleased to award the 2015 Kuiper Prize to Yuk Yung, a founding father of planetary atmospheric chemistry and one of the most influential researchers in the field. .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Mission to Jupiter
    This book attempts to convey the creativity, Project A History of the Galileo Jupiter: To Mission The Galileo mission to Jupiter explored leadership, and vision that were necessary for the an exciting new frontier, had a major impact mission’s success. It is a book about dedicated people on planetary science, and provided invaluable and their scientific and engineering achievements. lessons for the design of spacecraft. This The Galileo mission faced many significant problems. mission amassed so many scientific firsts and Some of the most brilliant accomplishments and key discoveries that it can truly be called one of “work-arounds” of the Galileo staff occurred the most impressive feats of exploration of the precisely when these challenges arose. Throughout 20th century. In the words of John Casani, the the mission, engineers and scientists found ways to original project manager of the mission, “Galileo keep the spacecraft operational from a distance of was a way of demonstrating . just what U.S. nearly half a billion miles, enabling one of the most technology was capable of doing.” An engineer impressive voyages of scientific discovery. on the Galileo team expressed more personal * * * * * sentiments when she said, “I had never been a Michael Meltzer is an environmental part of something with such great scope . To scientist who has been writing about science know that the whole world was watching and and technology for nearly 30 years. His books hoping with us that this would work. We were and articles have investigated topics that include doing something for all mankind.” designing solar houses, preventing pollution in When Galileo lifted off from Kennedy electroplating shops, catching salmon with sonar and Space Center on 18 October 1989, it began an radar, and developing a sensor for examining Space interplanetary voyage that took it to Venus, to Michael Meltzer Michael Shuttle engines.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix 1: Venus Missions
    Appendix 1: Venus Missions Sputnik 7 (USSR) Launch 02/04/1961 First attempted Venus atmosphere craft; upper stage failed to leave Earth orbit Venera 1 (USSR) Launch 02/12/1961 First attempted flyby; contact lost en route Mariner 1 (US) Launch 07/22/1961 Attempted flyby; launch failure Sputnik 19 (USSR) Launch 08/25/1962 Attempted flyby, stranded in Earth orbit Mariner 2 (US) Launch 08/27/1962 First successful Venus flyby Sputnik 20 (USSR) Launch 09/01/1962 Attempted flyby, upper stage failure Sputnik 21 (USSR) Launch 09/12/1962 Attempted flyby, upper stage failure Cosmos 21 (USSR) Launch 11/11/1963 Possible Venera engineering test flight or attempted flyby Venera 1964A (USSR) Launch 02/19/1964 Attempted flyby, launch failure Venera 1964B (USSR) Launch 03/01/1964 Attempted flyby, launch failure Cosmos 27 (USSR) Launch 03/27/1964 Attempted flyby, upper stage failure Zond 1 (USSR) Launch 04/02/1964 Venus flyby, contact lost May 14; flyby July 14 Venera 2 (USSR) Launch 11/12/1965 Venus flyby, contact lost en route Venera 3 (USSR) Launch 11/16/1965 Venus lander, contact lost en route, first Venus impact March 1, 1966 Cosmos 96 (USSR) Launch 11/23/1965 Possible attempted landing, craft fragmented in Earth orbit Venera 1965A (USSR) Launch 11/23/1965 Flyby attempt (launch failure) Venera 4 (USSR) Launch 06/12/1967 Successful atmospheric probe, arrived at Venus 10/18/1967 Mariner 5 (US) Launch 06/14/1967 Successful flyby 10/19/1967 Cosmos 167 (USSR) Launch 06/17/1967 Attempted atmospheric probe, stranded in Earth orbit Venera 5 (USSR) Launch 01/05/1969 Returned atmospheric data for 53 min on 05/16/1969 M.
    [Show full text]
  • Ultraviolet Imager on Venus Orbiter Akatsuki
    Yamazaki et al. Earth, Planets and Space (2018) 70:23 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-017-0772-6 FULL PAPER Open Access Ultraviolet imager on Venus orbiter Akatsuki and its initial results Atsushi Yamazaki1,2*, Manabu Yamada3, Yeon Joo Lee1,4, Shigeto Watanabe5, Takeshi Horinouchi6, Shin‑ya Murakami1, Toru Kouyama7, Kazunori Ogohara8, Takeshi Imamura9, Takao M. Sato1, Yukio Yamamoto1, Tetsuya Fukuhara10, Hiroki Ando11, Ko‑ichiro Sugiyama12, Seiko Takagi13,14, Hiroki Kashimura15, Shoko Ohtsuki16, Naru Hirata17, George L. Hashimoto18, Makoto Suzuki1, Chikako Hirose1, Munetaka Ueno19, Takehiko Satoh1,20, Takumi Abe1,20, Nobuaki Ishii1 and Masato Nakamura1 Abstract The ultraviolet imager (UVI) has been developed for the Akatsuki spacecraft (Venus Climate Orbiter mission). The UVI takes ultraviolet (UV) images of the solar radiation refected by the Venusian clouds with narrow bandpass flters centered at the 283 and 365 nm wavelengths. There are absorption bands of SO­ 2 and unknown absorbers in these wavelength regions. The UV images provide the spatial distribution of ­SO2 and the unknown absorber around cloud top altitudes. The images also allow us to understand the cloud top morphologies and haze properties. Nominal sequential images with 2-h intervals are used to understand the dynamics of the Venusian atmosphere by estimating the wind vectors at the cloud top altitude, as well as the mass transportation of UV absorbers. The UVI is equipped with of-axial catadioptric optics, two bandpass flters, a difuser installed in a flter wheel moving with a step motor, and a high sensitivity charge-coupled device with UV coating. The UVI images have spatial resolutions ranging from 200 m to 86 km at sub-spacecraft points.
    [Show full text]
  • Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) Instrument Suite Significant Contributions to Many Mass Spectrometer Projects from Battell Enginee
    GSFC Mass Spectrometer Development Team (Present and Near Past) Paul Mahaffy/699 Bob Arvey/540-Ball Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) Instrument Suite Dave McClaeb/540-SGT Florence Tan/565 Instrument scientist and Aerospace SAM engineering Electronics engineer for SAM principal Senior electronics technician SAM, LADEE NMS and investigator, 699 lab chief technician, flight hardware MAVEN NGIMS, aka “Queen assembly and testing of Everything” Mike Barciniak/699 Ball Aerospace Rob Chalmers/545 Ryan Wilkinson/540- Kiran Patel/699-Mantech Senior electronics tech, Lead SAM Thermal QINETIQ Software engineer, ESD lab monitor and subsystem engineer SAM engineering development of lab and EGSE designer technician ground support equipment QMS Dan Harpold/699 Vince Holmes/543- John Bishop/540-QINETiQ Pete Piazza/547- QMS lead and expert, Bastion Technologies Engineering technician and Oceaneering contracting officer’s Lead mechanical design expert cup loader, aka “Mr. The Mars Chamber Senior mechanical technical representative for SAM, LADEE NMS and Hands” technician MAVIN NGIMS . for contracts The Planetary Environments Laboratory team and partners have Doug Hawk/540-Swales Eric Raaen/699-SGT successfully built and flown mass spectrometer instruments for Dennis Nehl/Bastion Todd King/556 Engineer, lead SAM Software engineer, lead measuring gas composition on a variety of Earth and planetary Instrument technician, Materials engineer, hydrocarbon trap mass spectrometer missions since the 1960’s. Earth instruments include Atmospheric SAM environmental LADEE
    [Show full text]
  • ISSUE 134, AUGUST 2013 2 Imperative: Venus Continued
    Imperative: Venus — Virgil L. Sharpton, Lunar and Planetary Institute Venus and Earth began as twins. Their sizes and densities are nearly identical and they stand out as being considerably more massive than other terrestrial planetary bodies. Formed so close to Earth in the solar nebula, Venus likely has Earth-like proportions of volatiles, refractory elements, and heat-generating radionuclides. Yet the Venus that has been revealed through exploration missions to date is hellishly hot, devoid of oceans, lacking plate tectonics, and bathed in a thick, reactive atmosphere. A less Earth-like environment is hard to imagine. Venus, Earth, and Mars to scale. Which L of our planetary neighbors is most similar to Earth? Hint: It isn’t Mars. PWhy and when did Earth’s and Venus’ evolutionary paths diverge? This fundamental and unresolved question drives the need for vigorous new exploration of Venus. The answer is central to understanding Venus in the context of terrestrial planets and their evolutionary processes. In addition, however, and unlike virtually any other planetary body, Venus could hold important clues to understanding our own planet — how it has maintained a habitable environment for so long and how long it can continue to do so. Precisely because it began so like Earth, yet evolved to be so different, Venus is the planet most likely to cast new light on the conditions that determine whether or not a planet evolves habitable environments. NASA’s Kepler mission and other concurrent efforts to explore beyond our star system are likely to find Earth-sized planets around Sun-sized stars within a few years.
    [Show full text]
  • Mission Overview the Pioneer Mission Set the Stage for U.S. Space
    Mission Overview The Pioneer mission set the stage for U.S. space exploration. Pioneer 1 was the first manmade object to escape the Earth's gravitational field. Later Pioneer 4 was the first spacecraft to fly to the moon, Pioneer 10 was the first to Jupiter, Pioneer 11 was the first to Saturn and Pioneer 12 was the first U.S. spacecraft to orbit another planet, Venus. The following table summarizes the Pioneer spacecraft and scientific objectives of the Pioneer mission. Name Launch Mission Status (as of 1998) ----------------------------------------------------------------- Pioneer 1 1958-10-11 Moon Reached altitude of 72765 miles Pioneer 2 1958-11-08 Moon Reached altitude of 963 miles Pioneer 3 1958-12-02 Moon Reached altitude of 63580 miles Pioneer 4 1959-03-03 Moon Passed by moon into solar orbit Pioneer 5 1960-03-11 Solar Orbit Entered solar orbit Pioneer 6 1965-12-16 Solar Orbit Still operating Pioneer 7 1966-08-17 Solar Orbit Still operating Pioneer 8 1967-12-13 Solar Orbit Still operating Pioneer 9 1967-11-08 Solar Orbit Signal lost in 1983 Pioneer E 1969-08-07 Solar Orbit Launch failure Pioneer10 1972-03-02 Jupiter Communication terminated 1998 Pioneer11 1972-03-02 Jupiter/Saturn Communication terminated 1997 Pioneer12 1978-05-20 Venus Entered Venus atmos. 1992-10-08 The focus of this document is on Pioneer Venus (12), the last spacecraft in a mission of firsts in space exploration. Probe Separation: Pioneer Venus separated into two spacecraft on Aug 8, 1978: an Orbiter (PVO) and a Multiprobe. The latter was separated into five separate vehicles near Venus.
    [Show full text]
  • Pioneer Venus Multiprobe Entry Telemetry Recovery
    TDA Progress Report 42-57 March and April 1980 Pioneer Venus Multiprobe Entry Telemetry Recovery R. B. Miller TDA Mission Support and R. Ramos Ames Research Center The Entry Phase of the Pioneer Venus Multiprobe Mission involved data transmission over only a two-hour span. The criticality of recovery of those two hours of data, coupled with the fact that there were no radio signals from the Probes until their arrival at Venus, dictated unique telemetry recovery approaches on the ground. The result was double redundancy, use of spectrum analyzers to aid in rapid acquisition of the signals; and development of a technique for recovery of telemetry data without the use of real-time coherent detection, which is normally employed by all other NASA planetary missions. I. Introduction ing telemetry data for deep space missions. See Refs. 1 and 2 Two aspects of the Pioneer Venus Multiprobe Mission for descriptions of the general problem of communications at dictated unique approaches to the telemetry recovery com­ interplanetary distances and the· techniques used for NASA pared to other NASA planetary missions: the number of planetary missions. The ground equipment ordinarily used for spacecraft that simultaneously transmitted data and the telemetry recovery in a deep-space mission will be briefly two-hour duration of one-chance prime data transmission. described for completeness and to develop the framework to Since the four Probes entered the Venusian atmosphere understand why a second method of telemetry recovery was essentially simultaneously, each of two large antenna ground felt to be necessary. stations that could view the entry had to be able to acquire the signal and recover the information content from four separate Fundamental to all deep space communications to date has spacecraft simultaneously.
    [Show full text]
  • Hesperos: a Geophysical Mission to Venus
    Hesperos: A geophysical mission to Venus Robert-Jan Koopmansa,∗, Agata Bia lekb, Anthony Donohoec, Mar´ıa Fern´andezJim´enezd, Barbara Frasle, Antonio Gurciullof, Andreas Kleinschneiderg, AnnaLosiak h, Thurid Manneli, I~nigoMu~nozElorzaj, Daniel Nilssonk, Marta Oliveiral, Paul Magnus Sørensen-Clarkm, Ryan Timoneyn, Iris van Zelsto aFOTEC Forschungs- und Technologietransfer GmbH, Wiener Neustadt, Austria bSpace Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland cMaynooth University, Department of Experimental Physics, Maynooth, Ireland dUniversidad Carlos III, Madrid, Spain eZentralanstalt f¨urMeteorologie und Geodynamik, Vienna, Austria fRoyal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden gDelft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands hInstitute of Geological Sciences, Polish Academy of Science, Wroclaw, Poland iInstitute for Space Research, Austrian Academy of Sciences jHE Space Operations GmbH, Bremen, Germany kLule˚aUniversity of Technology, Lule˚a,Sweden lInstituto Superior T´ecnico, Lisbon, Portugal mUniversity of Oslo, Oslo, Norway nUniversity of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom oInstitute of Geophysics, ETH Z¨urich,Z¨urich,Switzerland Abstract The Hesperos mission proposed in this paper is a mission to Venus to in- vestigate the interior structure and the current level of activity. The main questions to be answered with this mission are whether Venus has an internal structure and composition similar to Earth and if Venus is still tectonically active. To do so the mission will consist of two elements: an orbiter to in- vestigate the interior and changes over longer periods of time and a balloon floating at an altitude between 40 and 60km~ to investigate the composition arXiv:1803.06652v1 [astro-ph.EP] 18 Mar 2018 of the atmosphere. The mission will start with the deployment of the balloon which will operate for about 25 days.
    [Show full text]
  • Ultraviolet Imager on Venus Orbiter Akatsuki and Its Initial Results
    Yamazaki et al. Earth, Planets and Space (2018) 70:23 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-017-0772-6 FULL PAPER Open Access Ultraviolet imager on Venus orbiter Akatsuki and its initial results Atsushi Yamazaki1,2*, Manabu Yamada3, Yeon Joo Lee1,4, Shigeto Watanabe5, Takeshi Horinouchi6, Shin‑ya Murakami1, Toru Kouyama7, Kazunori Ogohara8, Takeshi Imamura9, Takao M. Sato1, Yukio Yamamoto1, Tetsuya Fukuhara10, Hiroki Ando11, Ko‑ichiro Sugiyama12, Seiko Takagi13,14, Hiroki Kashimura15, Shoko Ohtsuki16, Naru Hirata17, George L. Hashimoto18, Makoto Suzuki1, Chikako Hirose1, Munetaka Ueno19, Takehiko Satoh1,20, Takumi Abe1,20, Nobuaki Ishii1 and Masato Nakamura1 Abstract The ultraviolet imager (UVI) has been developed for the Akatsuki spacecraft (Venus Climate Orbiter mission). The UVI takes ultraviolet (UV) images of the solar radiation refected by the Venusian clouds with narrow bandpass flters centered at the 283 and 365 nm wavelengths. There are absorption bands of SO­ 2 and unknown absorbers in these wavelength regions. The UV images provide the spatial distribution of ­SO2 and the unknown absorber around cloud top altitudes. The images also allow us to understand the cloud top morphologies and haze properties. Nominal sequential images with 2-h intervals are used to understand the dynamics of the Venusian atmosphere by estimating the wind vectors at the cloud top altitude, as well as the mass transportation of UV absorbers. The UVI is equipped with of-axial catadioptric optics, two bandpass flters, a difuser installed in a flter wheel moving with a step motor, and a high sensitivity charge-coupled device with UV coating. The UVI images have spatial resolutions ranging from 200 m to 86 km at sub-spacecraft points.
    [Show full text]
  • Extra-Terrestrial Meteors
    LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS apostolos christou Armagh Observatory and Planetarium College Hill, BT61 9DG Northern Ireland, UK jeremie vaubaillon IMCCE, Observatoire de Paris Paris 75014, France paul withers Astronomy Department, Boston University 725 Commonwealth Avenue Boston MA 02215, USA ricardo hueso Fisica Aplicada I Escuela de Ingenieria de Bilbao Plaza Ingeniero Torres Quevedo 1 48013 Bilbao, Spain rosemary killen NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Planetary Magnetospheres, Code 695 Greenbelt MD 20771, USA arXiv:2010.14647v1 [astro-ph.EP] 27 Oct 2020 1 1 Extra-Terrestrial Meteors 1.1 Introduction cometary orbits, all-but-invisible except where the particles are packed densely enough to be detectable, typically near The beginning of the space age 60 years ago brought about the comet itself (Sykes and Walker, 1992; Reach and Sykes, a new era of discovery for the science of astronomy. Instru- 2000; Gehrz et al., 2006). Extending meteor observations ments could now be placed above the atmosphere, allowing to other planetary bodies allows us to map out these access to new regions of the electromagnetic spectrum and streams and investigate the nature of comets whose mete- unprecedented angular and spatial resolution. But the im- oroid streams do not intersect the Earth. Observations of pact of spaceflight was nowhere as important as in planetary showers corresponding to the same stream at two or more and space science, where it now became possible – and this planets will allow to study a stream’s cross-section. In ad- is still the case, uniquely among astronomical disciplines – dition, the models used to extract meteoroid parameters to physically touch, sniff and directly sample the bodies and from the meteor data are fine-tuned, to a certain degree, for particles of the solar system.
    [Show full text]
  • Mission Science Highlights and Science Objectives Assessment
    CASSINI FINAL MISSION REPORT 2019 1 MISSION SCIENCE HIGHLIGHTS AND SCIENCE OBJECTIVES ASSESSMENT Cassini-Huygens, humanity’s most distant planetary orbiter and probe to date, provided the first in- depth, close up study of Saturn, its magnificent rings and unique moons, including Titan and Enceladus, and its giant magnetosphere. Discoveries from the Cassini-Huygens mission revolutionized our understanding of the Saturn system and fundamentally altered many of our concepts of where life might be found in our solar system and beyond. Cassini-Huygens arrived at Saturn in 2004, dropped the parachuted probe named Huygens to study the atmosphere and surface of Saturn’s planet-sized moon Titan, and orbited Saturn for the next 13 years making remarkable discoveries. When it was running low on fuel, the Cassini orbiter was programmed to vaporize in Saturn’s atmosphere in 2017 to protect the ocean worlds, Enceladus and Titan, where it discovered potential habitats for life. CASSINI FINAL MISSION REPORT 2019 2 CONTENTS MISSION SCIENCE HIGHLIGHTS AND SCIENCE OBJECTIVES ASSESSMENT ........................................................ 1 Executive Summary................................................................................................................................................ 5 Origin of the Cassini Mission ....................................................................................................................... 5 Instrument Teams and Interdisciplinary Investigations ...............................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Past, Present and Future Missions C.T
    ESS 265 Instrumentation, Data Processing and Data Analysis in Space Physics Lecture 3: Past, Present and Future Missions C.T. Russell April 6, 2008 1 Early Space Physics Missions • Explorer 10 1961 Battery operated; first measurements across magnetopause (in near tail) • Explorer 12 1961 Measured magnetopause from noon to dawn in eccentric orbit • IMP 1 1963 Mapped location of magnetopause, bow shock and studied near Earth tail • 1963-38C 1963 Discovered field-aligned currents • OGO-1 1964 First high resolution measurements at magnetopause and bow shock • OGO-3 1966 Discovered ELF hiss and chorus in magnetopause • OGO-5 1968 Discovered erosion of the magnetopause. Led to near-Earth neutral line model for substorms 2 Important Recent Space Physics Missions • IMP 7 and 8 1972, 1973 – 2001 • GEOS 1,2 1977, 1978 • ISEE 1,2 1977 – 1987 • ISEE 3 1978 – 1985 • DE 1,2 1982 – 1989 • AMPTE (UKS, IRM, CCE) 1984 – 1986 • SAMPEX (SMEX) 1992 – ? • Geotail (ISTP) 1992 – present • FAST (SMEX) 1994 – present • Wind (GGS, ISTP) 1995 – present • Polar (GGS, ISTP) 1996 – 2008 • Cluster (4 S/C) 1996 – present • IMAGE (MidEx) 2000 – 2006 • TIMED (MidEx) 2001 – 2007 • THEMIS (MidEx) 2007 – present 3 Important Recent Heliospheric and Solar Missions • Voyager 1, 2 1977 – present • Ulysses 1990 – 2008 • SOHO (ISTP) 1995 – present • ACE 1997 – present • TRACE (SMEX) 1998 – present • RHESSI (SMEX) 2002 – present • Hinode 2007 - present 4 Missions in Development and Planning • Twins • Solar Dynamics Observatory • Magnetosphere Multiscale • Radiation Belt Storm Probes
    [Show full text]