Control of Vectors and Incidence of Malaria in an Irrigated Settlement Scheme in Sri Lanka by Using the Insect Growth Regulator Pyriproxyfen
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Data-Driven Identification of Potential Zika Virus Vectors Michelle V Evans1,2*, Tad a Dallas1,3, Barbara a Han4, Courtney C Murdock1,2,5,6,7,8, John M Drake1,2,8
RESEARCH ARTICLE Data-driven identification of potential Zika virus vectors Michelle V Evans1,2*, Tad A Dallas1,3, Barbara A Han4, Courtney C Murdock1,2,5,6,7,8, John M Drake1,2,8 1Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, United States; 2Center for the Ecology of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, United States; 3Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California-Davis, Davis, United States; 4Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, United States; 5Department of Infectious Disease, University of Georgia, Athens, United States; 6Center for Tropical Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, United States; 7Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, United States; 8River Basin Center, University of Georgia, Athens, United States Abstract Zika is an emerging virus whose rapid spread is of great public health concern. Knowledge about transmission remains incomplete, especially concerning potential transmission in geographic areas in which it has not yet been introduced. To identify unknown vectors of Zika, we developed a data-driven model linking vector species and the Zika virus via vector-virus trait combinations that confer a propensity toward associations in an ecological network connecting flaviviruses and their mosquito vectors. Our model predicts that thirty-five species may be able to transmit the virus, seven of which are found in the continental United States, including Culex quinquefasciatus and Cx. pipiens. We suggest that empirical studies prioritize these species to confirm predictions of vector competence, enabling the correct identification of populations at risk for transmission within the United States. *For correspondence: mvevans@ DOI: 10.7554/eLife.22053.001 uga.edu Competing interests: The authors declare that no competing interests exist. -
A Review of the Mosquito Species (Diptera: Culicidae) of Bangladesh Seth R
Irish et al. Parasites & Vectors (2016) 9:559 DOI 10.1186/s13071-016-1848-z RESEARCH Open Access A review of the mosquito species (Diptera: Culicidae) of Bangladesh Seth R. Irish1*, Hasan Mohammad Al-Amin2, Mohammad Shafiul Alam2 and Ralph E. Harbach3 Abstract Background: Diseases caused by mosquito-borne pathogens remain an important source of morbidity and mortality in Bangladesh. To better control the vectors that transmit the agents of disease, and hence the diseases they cause, and to appreciate the diversity of the family Culicidae, it is important to have an up-to-date list of the species present in the country. Original records were collected from a literature review to compile a list of the species recorded in Bangladesh. Results: Records for 123 species were collected, although some species had only a single record. This is an increase of ten species over the most recent complete list, compiled nearly 30 years ago. Collection records of three additional species are included here: Anopheles pseudowillmori, Armigeres malayi and Mimomyia luzonensis. Conclusions: While this work constitutes the most complete list of mosquito species collected in Bangladesh, further work is needed to refine this list and understand the distributions of those species within the country. Improved morphological and molecular methods of identification will allow the refinement of this list in years to come. Keywords: Species list, Mosquitoes, Bangladesh, Culicidae Background separation of Pakistan and India in 1947, Aslamkhan [11] Several diseases in Bangladesh are caused by mosquito- published checklists for mosquito species, indicating which borne pathogens. Malaria remains an important cause of were found in East Pakistan (Bangladesh). -
Vectorial Role of Anopheles Subpictus Grassi and Anopheles Culicifacies Giles in Angul District, Orissa, India
VECTORIAL ROLE OF AN. SUBPICTUS AND AN. CULICIFACIES VECTORIAL ROLE OF ANOPHELES SUBPICTUS GRASSI AND ANOPHELES CULICIFACIES GILES IN ANGUL DISTRICT, ORISSA, INDIA Swati Kumari, Sarat Kumar Parida, Nitisheel Marai, Asima Tripathy, Rupenansu Kumar Hazra, Santanu Kumar Kar and Namita Mahapatra Regional Medical Research Centre (Indian Council of Medical Research), Orissa, India Abstract. Malaria transmission by Anopheles subpictus Grassi, 1899 and Anopheles culicifacies Giles, 1901 was studied from March 2004 to February 2007 in Angul Dis- trict, Orissa, India, which is highly endemic for malaria. Adult mosquitoes were col- lected from human dwellings using sucking tubes and a mechanical aspirator. After identification, some An. subpictus and An. culicifacies specimens were subjected to a precipitin test to determine their anthropophilic index and the remaining samples were preserved in isopropyl alcohol for sporozoite detection by nested PCR. An. subpictus was the most prevalent (29.0%) anopheline species detected, followed by An. culicifacies (11.6%). The anthropophilic index for the An. subpictus was higher than An. culicifacies and was highest during the summer season. Malaria sporozoite rates of 0.52% and 1.82% were detected for An. subpictus and An. culicifacies, respectively. Sporozoites were detected during the summer in An. subpictus and during the rainy season and winter in An. culicifacies. The slide positivity rate (SPR) was high during the summer. The high anthropophilic index and presence of sporozoites in An. subpictus during the summer indicate An. subpictus is a contributory factor for the high SPR during the summer, and An. culicifacies is a contributory factor for the high SPR during the rainy and winter seasons, along with other anophelines. -
A Study on Diversity of Mosquitoes in Rajathanikottai Village, Dindigul District, Tamil Nadu, India
Available online a t www.scholarsresearchlibrary.com Scholars Research Library Annals of Biological Research, 2011, 2 (6):496-499 (http://scholarsresearchlibrary.com/archive.html) ISSN 0976-1233 CODEN (USA): ABRNBW A study on diversity of mosquitoes in Rajathanikottai village, Dindigul District, Tamil Nadu, India S. Amala , S.Rajendrabhoopathy, N. Arunachalam and V. Aunradha* Faculty of Rural Health and Sanitation, Gandhigram Rural Institute (DU), Gandhigram ______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT A study on diversity of mosquito was conducted in a foot hill village of Sirumalai Hills for a year. Both immature and adult forms of mosquitoes were collected by standard WHO method. A total number of 1440 mosquitoes that belongs to 4 genera and 17 species were collected . The most dominant species was Culex quinquefasciatus (19.58%) followed by Aedes albopictus (12.91%), Anopheles vagus (12.29%), Anopheles subpictus (12.01%), Culex triteaniorhynchus (10.69%), Culex vishnui (9.76%) and Armigeres subalbatus (6.66%) and least species were Anopheles fluviatilis (3.9%), Anopheles culicifascies (3.3%). Key words : Biodiversity, Anopheles, Culex, Aedes, Armigeres. ______________________________________________________________________________ INTRODUCTION Biodiversity encompasses the variety of all living organisms on the earth. India has rich biological diversity and one of the 12 mega diverse countries of the world (1). Diversity of insects is of great importance to the environmentalist as they are bioindicators. Among the insects, mosquitoes are medically important group of insects and they transmit diseases like malaria, dengue, filariasis and JE in India. In the recent years, the distribution range of both mosquitoes and mosquito borne diseases are proliferating in large number everywhere due to rapid urbanization, excessive deforestation, and resistance among mosquitoes to pesticides, construction of dams and development of new agro ecosystem (2). -
Subgenus Anopheles Meigen
Mosquito Taxonomic Inventory (www.mosquito-taxonomic-inventory.info/) Updated 12 June 2014 − Ralph Harbach (Note: Cited references are listed at the end of the classification.) Subgenus Cellia Theobald Cellia Series (Christophers, 1924a) argenteolobatus (Gough) brumpti Hamon & Rickenbach cristipalpis Service murphyi Gillies & de Meillon pharoensis Theobald swahilicus Gillies Squamosus Group (Grjebine, 1966) cydippis de Meillon squamosus Theobald Myzomyia Series (Christophers, 1924a) apoci Marsh azaniae Bailly-Choumara barberellus Evans bervoetsi D’Haenans brunnipes (Theobald) domicola Edwards dthali Patton erythraeus Corradetti ethiopicus Gillies & Coetzee flavicosta Edwards fontinalis Gillies & de Meillon gabonensis Rahola, Makanga & Paupy, 2014 majidi Young & Majid moucheti Evans schwetzi Evans tchekedii de Meillon & Leeson walravensi Edwards Demeilloni Group (Gillies & de Meillon, 1968) carteri Evans & de Meillon demeilloni Evans freetownensis Evans garnhami Edwards keniensis Evans lloreti Gil Collado sergentii (Theobald) subspecies macmahoni Evans subspecies sergentii (Theobald) Funestus Group (Garros et al., 2005b) jeyporiensis James Aconitus Subgroup (Chen et al., 2003) aconitus Dönitz filipinae Manalang mangyanus (Banks) pampanai Büttiker & Beales varuna Iyengar Culicifacies Subgroup (Garros et al., 2005b) culicifacies Giles (species A, B, C, D and E) (Kar et al., 1999) Funestus Subgroup (Garros et al., 2005b) aruni Sobti confusus Evans & Leeson funestus Giles funestus-like species (Spillings et al., 2009) longipalpis (Theobald) -
The Dominant Anopheles Vectors of Human Malaria in the Asia-Pacific
Sinka et al. Parasites & Vectors 2011, 4:89 http://www.parasitesandvectors.com/content/4/1/89 RESEARCH Open Access The dominant Anopheles vectors of human malaria in the Asia-Pacific region: occurrence data, distribution maps and bionomic précis Marianne E Sinka1*, Michael J Bangs2, Sylvie Manguin3, Theeraphap Chareonviriyaphap4, Anand P Patil1, William H Temperley1, Peter W Gething1, Iqbal RF Elyazar5, Caroline W Kabaria6, Ralph E Harbach7 and Simon I Hay1,6* Abstract Background: The final article in a series of three publications examining the global distribution of 41 dominant vector species (DVS) of malaria is presented here. The first publication examined the DVS from the Americas, with the second covering those species present in Africa, Europe and the Middle East. Here we discuss the 19 DVS of the Asian-Pacific region. This region experiences a high diversity of vector species, many occurring sympatrically, which, combined with the occurrence of a high number of species complexes and suspected species complexes, and behavioural plasticity of many of these major vectors, adds a level of entomological complexity not comparable elsewhere globally. To try and untangle the intricacy of the vectors of this region and to increase the effectiveness of vector control interventions, an understanding of the contemporary distribution of each species, combined with a synthesis of the current knowledge of their behaviour and ecology is needed. Results: Expert opinion (EO) range maps, created with the most up-to-date expert knowledge of each DVS distribution, were combined with a contemporary database of occurrence data and a suite of open access, environmental and climatic variables. -
Mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) Fauna in Alappuzha and ISSN 2320-7078 JEZS 2013; 1 (6): 134-137 Kottayam District of the Kerala State, South India
Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2013; 1 (6): 134-137 Mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) fauna in Alappuzha and ISSN 2320-7078 JEZS 2013; 1 (6): 134-137 Kottayam district of the Kerala state, south India © 2013 JEZS 2013 Received 11-12-2013 R. Balasubramanian, Nikhil T.L. Accepted: 31-12-2013 ABSTRACT The study was conducted to look at the mosquito fauna in different sites of Alappuzha and Kottayam R. Balasubramanian National Institute of virology, districts, Kerala state to generate information on the diversity of mosquitoes. A total of 44 species of Kerala unit, Alappuzha 688 005, mosquitoes belonging to 21 subgenera and 11 genera were recorded in Alappuzha district and 21 Kerala, India. species of mosquitoes belonging to 14 subgenera and 9 genera were recorded in Kottayam districts. Email: [email protected] The genus Aedes, Anopheles, Mansonia, Heizmannia, Culex, Ficalbia, Uranotaenia, Tripteroides, Armigeres, Coquillettidia, and Mimomyia were recorded in Alappuzha district. Aedes, Anopheles, Nikhil T.L. Armigeres, Culex, Heizmannia, Tripteroides, Toxorhynchites and Uranotaenia were recorded in National Institute of virology, Kottayam district. Species common to both districts were Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus), Aedes albopictus Kerala unit, Alappuzha 688 005, (Skuse), Aedes vittatus (Bigot), Armigeres subalbatus (Coquillett), Culex fuscanus (Wiedemann), Kerala, India. Culex quinquefasciatus (Say), Culex tritaeniorhynchus (Giles), Heizmannia greenii (Theobald), Heizmannia indica (Theobald) and Toxorhynchites affinis (Edwards). Paddy field, mud pools, fallow fields, man-made artificial containers were the common breeding area in Alappuzha district and in Kottayam district tree holes, coconut shells, artificial containers and leaf axils were the main breeding habitats. Keywords: Mosquito fauna, Alappuzha, Kottayam, Aspirator. 1. -
Entomological Studies on the Mosquito Borne Shirzadi MR1,2*
Review Article iMedPub Journals Insights in Biomedicine 2019 www.imedpub.com ISSN 2572-5610 Vol.4 No.2:10 DOI: 10.36648/2572-5610.4.2.61 Entomological Studies on the Mosquito Borne Shirzadi MR1,2* Diseases in Iran: An Up-To-Date 1 Center for Research of Endemic Parasites of Iran (CREPI), Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran 2 Center for Communicable Diseases Control, Ministry of Health and Medical Abstract Education, Tehran, Iran Mosquitoes are insects that bit animal hosts to get blood as the nutrient source to develop their eggs. They may transmit a wide range of pathogens such as viruses and parasites to the hosts’ body through their blood meal. It may lead to a number *Corresponding author: of mosquito-borne diseases. In Iran, there is a major risk for mosquito-borne Dr. Mohammad Reza Shirzadi diseases due to the introducing the exotic mosquito species from the neighboring countries. Recently, in neighboring countries of Iran, epidemics of mosquito-borne [email protected] viral infections including chikungunya, dengue and West Nile infections in Pakistan, dengue and Rift Valley fever in Saudi Arabia, and West Nile infection in Iraq have Center for Communicable Diseases Control, been reported. Ae. albopictus has become a significant pest mosquito species in Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Pakistan and has also been reported from Syria, Lebanon and Turkey. According Eyvanak St. Shahrak Gharb, Tehran, Iran. to the World Health Organization WHO, malaria is in the pre-elimination stage in Iran. In this review, it was attempted to discuss some issue including mosquito Tel: +989121455413 bionomics, mosquito-borne diseases in human and surveillance. -
Vectors of Malaria and Filariasis in Indonesia
VECTORS OF MALARIA AND FILARIASIS IN INDONESIA Hoedojo* ABSTRACT Malaria at present is still one of the important mosquito-borne diseases in Indonesia. The disease is widespread all over the country and involves nearly all islands. Sixteen Anopheles species have been reconfirmed as malaria vectors. They were distributed geographi- cally as follows: Coastal areas and lagoons ----- An sundizicus and An.subpictus Cultivated ricefields and swampy areas ----- An.aconitus, An.barbirostris, Annigerrimus and An .sinensis Forest inland areas in shaded temporary pools, muddy animal wallows and hoof-prints ----- An.balabacensis, An.bancrofti, Anfarauti, An.koliensis and Anpunctulatus Swamp forest edge in ditches with vegeta- ----- An.1etifer and An.1udlowae tion Hilly areas in seepages, streams and clear moving water ----- Anflavirostris, An.maculatus and Anminimus. The species (of most general importance is An.sundaicus, which is restricted) by its preference for brackish water and is prevalent in coastal areas of Java. Their types in behaviour of An.sundaicus appear as follows : 1. Ansumlaicus in South Coast of Java in general. This species is essentially anthropophilic, exophagic and rests outdoor. It shows susceptible to DDT. 2. An.sundaicus in Cilacap, Central Java. This mosquito is a pure anthropophilic form. It bites man in houses and outdoors, rests indoors and is known resistant to DDT. 3. An.sundaicus in Yogyakarta and Purworejo, Central Java. This mosquito is a strong zoophilic species. It rests and prefers to bite outdoors and shows tolerance to DDT. Human filariasis in Indonesia is the result of infection by three endemic species, namely, Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, and Brugia timori.W.bancrofti infection is found in both urban and rural areas. -
Illustrated Keys to the Mosquitoes of Thailand IV. Anopheles
See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/6541258 Illustrated keys to the mosquitoes of Thailand IV. Anopheles Article in The Southeast Asian journal of tropical medicine and public health · February 2006 Source: PubMed CITATIONS READS 132 2,367 5 authors, including: Bruce Arthur Harrison Ralph Harbach Western Carolina University and Dept. of Biology Catawba College in North Carolina Natural History Museum, London 153 PUBLICATIONS 2,836 CITATIONS 740 PUBLICATIONS 7,726 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Papel en la transmisión de malaria de las especies de Kerteszia en dos zonas endémicas de malaria en Colombia View project Studies on the ecology and systematics of the probable vectors of dirofilariasis (Diptera: Culicidae) in Ardebil Province with emphasis on the zoonotic focus of Meshkinshahr County, 2006 View project All content following this page was uploaded by Ralph Harbach on 30 May 2014. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. 185258 MOSQUITOES OF ILLUSTRATED KEYS TO THAILAND THE ANOPHELES IV. 1, 2, 3, 1, Prachong Ralph Rampa Panthusiri Harrison Harbach A E Rattanarithikul Bruce Coleman and Russell E 4 ILLUSTRATIONS by Prachong Panthusiri Department Component, Entomology, Army US Forces Research of Medical Armed Bangkok, Management, Sciences, Thailand; 2Public Institute of Medical Health Pest Department Winston-Salem, Resources, of Carolina North Environment and Natural 3Department Entomology, History Museum, Carolina, USA; of The Natural North 4Department Kingdom; Army Entomology, London, of of Walter Reed Institute United Spring, Maryland, Research, USA Silver Tropical Health Southeast Journal of Medicine and Public The Asian Supplement 2, Volume 37 2006 Supavej Suvanee Series Editor: ISSN :0125- 1562 rights Tropical 2006 :All reserved. -
Molecular Forms of Anopheles Subpictus S.L. and Anopheles Sundaicus S.L. in the Indian Subcontinent
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.20.345272; this version posted October 21, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. Molecular forms of Anopheles subpictus s.l. and Anopheles sundaicus s.l. in the Indian subcontinent Ankita Sindhania1, Manoj K. Das2, Gunjan Sharma1, Sinnathamby N. Surendran3, B.R. 4 4 1 Kaushal , Himanshu P. Lohani , Om P. Singh * 1National Institute of Malaria Research, Sector 8 Dwarka, New Delhi 110077, India 2National Institute of Malaria Research, Field Unit, Itki, Ranchi-835301, India 3Department of Zoology, University of Jaffna, Jaffna 40000, Sri Lanka 4 Department of Zoology, Kumaun University, Nainital, India *Correspondence: [email protected] Emails: AS: [email protected] MKD: [email protected] GS: [email protected] SNS: [email protected] BRK: [email protected] HPL: [email protected] OPS: [email protected] Abstract Background: Anopheles subpictus s.l. and Anopheles sundaicus s.l. are closely related species, each comprising of several sibling species. Ambiguities exist in the classification of these two nominal species and the specific status of members of An. subpictus complex. Identifying fixed molecular forms and mapping their spatial distribution will help in resolving the taxonomic ambiguities and understanding their relative epidemiological significance. Methods: DNA sequencing of Internal Transcribed Spacer-2 (ITS2), 28S-rDNA (D1-to-D3 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.20.345272; this version posted October 21, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. -
Bionomic Status of Anopheles Epiroticus Linton & Harbach, A
BIONOMIC STATUS OF AN. EPIROTICUS BIONOMIC STATUS OF ANOPHELES EPIROTICUS LINTON & HARBACH, A COASTAL MALARIA VECTOR, IN RAYONG PROVINCE, THAILAND Suchada Sumruayphol1, Chamnarn Apiwathnasorn1, Narumon Komalamisra1, Jiraporn Ruangsittichai1, Yudthana Samung1 and Porntip Chavalitshewinkoon-Petmitr2 1Department of Medical Entomology, 2Department of Protozoology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand Abstract. A longitudinal entomological survey was conducted to provide in-depth information on An. epiroticus and determine whether ecological and entomologi- cal factors could influence malaria transmission in Rayong Province, Thailand. The mosquitoes were collected monthly from May 2007 to April 2008 by human landing catch technique from 6:00-12:00 PM for 2 consecutive nights, at 3 collection sites. A total of 3,048 mosquitoes within 5 species were captured: An. epiroticus, Culex quinquefasciatus Say, Cx. sitiens Wiedemann, Aedes aegypti (L.) and Ae. albopictus Skuse. PCR was used for molecular identification of An. sundaicus complex, by determination of COI, ITS2, and D3 genes. The target mosquitoes were An. epiroticus, which was the predominant species, accounting for 43.8 % of specimens collected. The biting cycle pattern increased during 6:00-8:00 PM and reached a maximum of 6.6 bites/person/hour by 12:00 PM. The mosquitoes varied in popula- tion density throughout the year. The highest biting rate was 37.6 bites/person/ half night in September and the lowest (10.2 bites/person/half night) in January. Nested PCR and real-time PCR techniques were used to detect the malaria para- site in An. epiroticus adult females. Nine of 926 (0.97%) mosquitoes tested were malaria parasite positive: 6 P.