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PROGETTO ANTARTIDE Rapporto Sulla Campagna Antartica Estate Australe 1996

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PROGETTO ANTARTIDE Rapporto Sulla Campagna Antartica Estate Australe 1996 PROGRAMMA NAZIONALE DI RICERCHE IN ANTARTIDE Rapporto sulla Campagna Antartica Estate Australe 1996 - 97 Dodicesima Spedizione PROGETTO ANTARTIDE ANT 97/02 PROGRAMMA NAZIONALE DI RICERCHE IN ANTARTIDE Rapporto sulla Campagna Antartica Estate Australe 1996 - 97 Dodicesima Spedizione A cura di J. Mϋller, T. Pugliatti, M.C. Ramorino, C.A. Ricci PROGETTO ANTARTIDE ENEA - Progetto Antartide Via Anguillarese,301 c.p.2400,00100 Roma A.D. Tel.: 06-30484816,Fax:06-30484893,E-mail:[email protected] I N D I C E Premessa SETTORE 1 - EVOLUZIONE GEOLOGICA DEL CONTINENTE ANTARTICO E DELL'OCEANO MERIDIONALE Area Tematica 1a Evoluzione Geologica del Continente Antartico Progetto 1a.1 Evoluzione del cratone est-antartico e del margine paleo-pacifico del Gondwana.3 Progetto 1a.2 Evoluzione mesozoica e cenozoica del Mare di Ross ed aree adiacenti..............11 Progetto 1a.3 Magmatismo Cenozoico del margine occidentale antartico..................................17 Progetto 1a.4 Cartografia geologica, geomorfologica e geofisica ...............................................18 Area Tematica 1b-c Margini della Placca Antartica e Bacini Periantartici Progetto 1b-c.1 Strutture crostali ed evoluzione cenozoica della Penisola Antartica e del margine coniugato cileno ......................................................................................25 Progetto 1b-c.2 Indagini geofisiche sul sistema deposizionale glaciale al margine pacifico della Penisola Antartica.........................................................................................42 SETTORE 2 - GLOBAL CHANGE Sottosettore 2a - Glaciologia e Paleoclima Area Tematica 2a.1 Glaciologia e Paleoclima Progetto 2a.1.1 Bilancio di massa, monitoraggio e studio paleoclimatico della Calotta Antartica Orientale - Settore Pacifico ....................................................................61 Progetto 2a.1.3 Studio dell'evoluzione paleoclimatica delle aree deglaciate della Terra Vittoria Settentrionale, attraverso l'analisi della distribuzione del permafrost e del ghiaccio sepolto............................................................................................65 Progetto 2a.1.5 ITASE (International Trans-Antarctic Scientific Expedition)..................................67 Sottosettore 2b - Atmosfera Antartica, Interazioni Mare-Ghiaccio-Atmosfera Area Tematica 2b.1 Fisica e Chimica dell’Atmosfera Antartica Progetto 2b.1.1 Particles and Ozone in the Antarctic, Mid-latitudes and Arctic Stratosphere (POAMAS) ............................................................................................................73 Progetto 2b.1.2 Studio dei processi chimici dell’atmosfera antartica rilevanti per i cambiamenti climatici............................................................................................74 Progetto 2b.1.3 Monitoraggio e campionamento di gas ad effetto serra nell’atmosfera antartica (GAS-SERRA)........................................................................................77 Progetto 2b.1.6 Strato limite planetario dei venti catabatici e loro influenza sulla formazione della Polynya di Baia Terra Nova ..........................................................................80 Progetto 2b.1.7 Studio della dinamica dei bassi strati a Baia Terra Nova e della sua interazione con la circolazione a scala sinottica ......................................................................81 Progetto 2b.1.9 Dôme C - Studio della circolazione secondaria meridionale della subsidenza sul plateau antartico (Dôme C-at)......................................................82 Area Tematica 2b.2 Interazioni Mare-Ghiaccio-Atmosfera Progetto 2b.2.1 Formazione e diffusione delle acque di fondo antartiche e processi di polynya ..................................................................................................................89 Area Tematica 2b.3 Ecologia e Biogeochimica dell’Oceano Meridionale Progetto 2b.3.4 Sedimentazione biosilicea nell'Oceano meridionale: variabilità spaziale e temporale dei flussi di silice biogenica e carbonio (BIOSESO).............................95 i Sottosettore 2c - Biologia, Contaminazione Ambientale e Medicina Area Tematica 2c.1 Meccanismi fisiologici, biochimici e molecolari dell’adattamento Progetto 2c.1.1 Basi fisiologiche, biochimiche e molecolari dell’adattamento evolutivo nei teleostei.................................................................................................................99 Area Tematica 2c.2 Ecofisiologia ed Ecotossicologia Progetto 2c.2.1 Ricerche ecofisiologiche ed ecotossicologiche applicate allo studio dei cambiamenti di origine naturale o causati dalle attività umane che si verificano nell’ambiente antartico........................................................................103 Area Tematica 2c.3 Aspetti Ecologici e Genetici dei Processi di Differenziamento delle Popolazioni Progetto 2c.3.1 Biologia antartica: biodiversità, strategie evolutive e colonizzazione ..................109 Area Tematica 2c.4 Cicli Biogeochimici dei Contaminanti Progetto 2c.4.1 Evoluzione e cicli biogeochimici dei contaminanti...............................................111 SETTORE 3 - OSSERVATORI ED INFORMAZIONI GEOGRAFICHE Area Tematica 3a Osservatori Geofisici e Geodetici Progetto 3a.1 Misure di riferimento dall'Antartide per la geodesia e geofisica della Terra Solida ..................................................................................................................117 Progetto 3a.2 Processi elettromagnetici nello spazio circumterrestre; implicazioni per una climatologia e meteorologia spaziale ..................................................................129 Progetto 3a.3 Osservatorio meteorologico ................................................................................131 Progetto 3a.4 Sismologia a larga banda Arco di Scotia. ..........................................................132 Area Tematica 3b Relazioni Sole-Terra Progetto 3b.2 Osservatorio aurorale (All-Sky Camera) .............................................................135 Progetto 3b.3 Variazioni spazio-temporali della radiazione ambientale: raggi cosmici e radioattività..........................................................................................................136 Area Tematica 3c Ricerche Astrofisiche Progetto 3c.1 Ricerca di distorsioni spaziali nella radiazione cosmica di fondo........................139 Area Tematica 3d Telerilevamento, GIS e Banche Dati Progetto 3d.1 Rilievi spettroradiometrici di superfici naturali in Antartide per uno studio integrato con dati telerilevati................................................................................141 SETTORE 4 - METODOLOGIE E NORMATIVE GESTIONALI PER LA CONSERVAZIONE DELL’AMBIENTE Area Tematica 4b Impatto Umano e Normativa Progetto 4b.1 Pianificazione di un sistema integrato di monitoraggio e sviluppo di ricerca specifica in supporto alla gestione delle attività scientifiche e tecniche della comunità italiana in Antartide ed agli interventi per la minimizzazione del loro impatto sull’ambiente, nel rispetto degli impegni assunti con la firma del Protocollo di Madrid.......................................................................................151 SETTORE 5 - ROBOTICA E SENSORISTICA Area Tematica 5a Robotica e Telescienza Progetto 5a.1 Sviluppo di una piattaforma mobile a parziale autonomia per attività di ricerca in Antartide ..............................................................................................155 Progetto 5a.4 Sviluppo di un sistema autonomo per la telegestione di esperimenti scientifici sul plateau antartico ............................................................................159 ii 6 - ATTIVITA’ SVOLTE NELL’AMBITO DI ACCORDI INTERNAZIONALI 6.1 Programma italo francese Dôme Concordia Attività a Dôme C .......................................................................................................................165 Servizio sanitario ................................................................................................................166 Servizi logistici ....................................................................................................................168 Note, commenti e suggerimenti..........................................................................................172 Attività presso la Base francese Dumont d’Urville .....................................................................176 6.2 European Programme for Ice Coring in Antarctica (EPICA) .....................................................179 6.3 Airborn Polar Experiment (APE) .................................................................................................181 6.4 Il Programma ITASE......................................................................................................................193 6.5 Il Programma Cape Roberts .........................................................................................................193 7 - INFRASTRUTTURE LOGISTICHE E SUPPORTI OPERATIVI A BTN 7.1 Servizio sanitario...........................................................................................................................197 7.2 Servizi tecnico-logistici Servizi tecnici e generali ...............................................................................................................201 Telecomunicazioni ........................................................................................................................212 7.3 Servizi tecnico-scientifici
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