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INFORMATION to USERS the Most Advanced Technology Has Been Cultural and other morphological studies of Perenniporia phloiophila and related species Item Type text; Thesis-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Flott, James Joseph, 1956- Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 28/09/2021 08:09:23 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277310 INFORMATION TO USERS The most advanced technology has been used to photograph and reproduce this manuscript from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. University Microfilms International A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 Order Number 1340706 Cultural and other morphological studies of Perenniporia phloiophila and related species Flott, James Joseph, M.S. The University of Arizona, 1990 UMI 300 N. Zeeb Rd. Ann Arbor, MI 48106 CULTURAL AND OTHER MORPHOLOGICAL STUDIES OF PERENNIPORIA PHLOIOPHILA AND RELATED SPECIES by James Joseph Flott A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the PLANT PATHOLOGY DEPARTMENT in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 1990 2 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This thesis has been submitted In partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this thesis are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when In his or her judgment the proposed use of the material is in the interests of scholarship. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author. APPROVAL BY THESIS DIRECTOR This thesis has been approved on the date shown below: Professor of Plant Pathology 3 DEDICATION I would like to dedicate this work to my mother and father, Mary Ann and Percy, and to my wife Merri Hartse, whose love, personal sacrifices and constant support allowed me to fulfill my goals. 4 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The author wishes to express sincere gratitude to the University of Arizona for providing facilities and financial support for this research. I wish especially to thank: Dr. Robert L Gilbertson for supervision, advice, constant helpfulness and friendship; Dr. Richard B. Hlne for his support, interest and kind words of wisdom; and Dr. Michael Stanghellini for his support and the opportunity to participate in the work of his lab. I would also like to thank Dr. M. Blackweli (Louisiana State University) for her Perenniporla phloiophila collections and Tom Orum for his personal help and expertise in statistical analysis. Further thanks to the Plant Pathology Department members for many happy memories and for all their cherished friendships. 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 6 LIST OF TABLES 7 ABSTRACT 8 INTRODUCTION 9 MATERIALS AND METHODS 11 Fruiting Body Collections and Identifications 11 Isolation, Cultural Descriptions and Temperature Studies 11 Isolation of Homokaryons and Mating System 13 Vegetative Incompatibility 14 Decay Studies 14 RESULTS 16 Cultural Descriptions 16 Temperature Relationships 22 Mating System 26 Vegetative Incompatibility 33 Decay Studies 33 DISCUSSION 38 REFERENCES CITED 42 6 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figure Page 1. Linear growth of Perenniooria ohloloohlla and P. ohiensls after 14 days at various temperatures on 2% malt extract agar 18 2. Growth and reactions of Perennlporla phlolophlla and P. ohiensls on gallic acid medium and tannic acid medium 19 3. Microscopic cultural characteristics of Perenniporia phlolophila MB 2403 20 4. Linear growth of Perenniporia medulla-panis and P. fraxinophila ' after 14 days at various temperatures 21 5. Growth and reactions of Perenniporia medulla-panis and P. fraxinophila on gallic acid medium and tannic acid medium 23 6. Microscopic cultural characteristics of Perenniporia medulla-panis JEA 832 24 7. Growth rates of Perenniporia phlolophila. P. medulla-panis. P. ohiensls and P. fraxinophila at temperatures 10-50°C 25 8. Mating test results of Perenniporia phlolophila MB 2401 28 9. Rearranged results of mating test of Perenniporia phlolophila MB 2401 29 10. Phase contrast photomicrographs of chlamydospores in the interaction zone of a negative mating of single spore isolates of Perenniporia phlolophila MB 2401 ... 30 11. Mating test results of Perenniporia medulla-panis JEA 834 31 12. Rearranged results of mating test of Perenniporia medulla-panis 32 13. Cultural interactions between intraspecific paired dikaryotic isolates of Perenniporia phlolophila and P. medulla-panis 34 . 14. Phase contrast photomicrograph of chlamydopsores in the interaction zone of paired dikaryotic isolates of Perenniporia phlolophila MB 2407 and 2412 35 7 LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1. Isolates of Perenntoorla species used for this study and their sources ....... 12 2. Summary of macroscopic cultural characteristics of four Perennlporia species in North America 17 3. Percent weight loss In control and In vitro decayed wood and bark by Perennlporia species 36 8 ABSTRACT Perennlporia phlolophlla (Aphyllophorales: Polyporaceae) colonizes the bark of live oak (Quercus virainiana Mill.) and is known only in the southeastern United States in this host. Cultural characteristics and mating systems of P. phlolophlla and P. medulla-oanls. vegetative incompatibility of P. phlolophlla and temperature relationships and decay capacities of vegetative Isolates of P. phloiophila. P. medulla-panls. P. ohiensls and P. fraxinophila were investigated. Cultural studies indicate macroscopic and microscopic differences between the four species. Antagonistic hyphal interactions developed between different vegetative isolates. Self crosses were compatible. Optimum temperature ranges and maximum growth temperature differed for all species. Mating test results of both species indicate their heterothallic tetrapolar nature. Woods differed significantly in percent weight loss (PWL) caused by each Perennlporia species. No significant difference occurred between different isolates of the same species tested on the same wood. PWL was greatest on oak wood for all fungal species tested. 9 Introduction Murrill (1942) described the new genus Perenniporla with P. unita (Pers.) Murr. and P. niarescens (Bres.) Murr. listed as species. Cooke (1953) and later Donk (1960) recommended that the first name (P. unita) be considered the type species of the genus. "P. unlta" refers to Polvoorus unltus Pers., a name now considered to be synonymous with Polvporus medulla-panls Jacq.:Fr.. Donk (1967) placed the latter in Perenniporla and Perenniporla medulla-panls (Jacq.:Fr.) Is now considered the valid name of the type species of the genus. Today Perenniporla (AphyllophoralesrPolyporaceae) is a large, cosmopolitan genus occurring on dead and living hardwoods and conifers. Representative species occur throughout Africa (Ryvarden and Johansen, 1980), Europe (Ryvarden, 1978) and North America (Gilbertson and Ryvarden, 1987). Some demonstrate host specificity while others occur on a broad range of substrata. The genus is characterized by generative hyphae with conspicuous clamp connections in the dikaryotic stage and simple septa in the homokaryotic stage. The basidiospores are ellipsoid, truncate, usually thick walled and have a variable dextrinoid reaction. Species of Perenniporla cause white rots, varying from white root and butt rot of heartwood of living hardwoods and conifers, white trunk rot, decay of bark tissues, to white rot of dead hardwoods and conifers (Gilbertson and Ryvarden, 1987). Cultural characteristics of wood-decaying fungi were first studied by Lyman (1907), Long and Harsch (1918), Fritz (1923), and Davidson, Campbell, and Blalsdell (1938). These works provided the basis for cultural studies of wood-decaying Basidiomycetes
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