DOCSLIB.ORG

The Life of Reason 1 the Life of Reason

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Life of Reason 1 the Life of Reason The Life of Reason 1 The Life of Reason The Project Gutenberg eBook, The Life of Reason, by George Santayana This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re−use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.net Title: The Life of Reason Author: George Santayana Release Date: February 14, 2005 [eBook #15000] Language: English Character set encoding: ISO−8859−1 ***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE LIFE OF REASON*** E−text prepared by Marilynda Fraser−Cunliffe, Garrett Alley, and the Project Gutenberg Online Distributed Proofreading Team THE LIFE OF REASON The Phases of Human Progress In Five Volumes by GEORGE SANTAYANA hê gar noy enhergeia zôhê Dover Publication, Inc. New York CONTENTS Volume I. REASON IN COMMON SENSE Volume II. REASON IN SOCIETY Volume III. REASON IN RELIGION Volume IV. REASON IN ART Volume V. REASON IN SCIENCE REASON IN COMMON SENSE CHAPTER I 2 Volume One of "The Life of Reason" GEORGE SANTAYANA hê gar noy enhergeia zôhê This Dover edition, first published in 1980, is an unabridged republication of volume one of _The Life of Reason; or the Phases of Human Progress_, originally published by Charles Scribner's Sons in 1905. This volume contains the general introduction to the entire five−volume series. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION THE SUBJECT OF THIS WORK, ITS METHOD AND ANTECEDENTS Pages 1−32 Progress is relative to an ideal which reflection creates.−−Efficacious reflection is reason.−−The Life of Reason a name for all practical thought and all action justified by its fruits in consciousness.−−− It is the sum of Art.−−It has a natural basis which makes it definable.−−Modern philosophy not helpful.−−Positivism no positive ideal.−−Christian philosophy mythical: it misrepresents facts and conditions.−−Liberal theology a superstitious attitude toward a natural world.−−The Greeks thought straight in both physics and morals.−−Heraclitus and the immediate.−−Democritus and the naturally intelligible.−−Socrates and the autonomy of mind.−−Plato gave the ideal its full expression.−−Aristotle supplied its natural basis.−−Philosophy thus complete, yet in need of restatement.−−Plato's myths in lieu of physics.−−Aristotle's final causes.−−Modern science can avoid such expedients.−−Transcendentalism true but inconsequential.−−Verbal ethics.−−Spinoza and the Life of Reason.−−Modern and classic sources of inspiration REASON IN COMMON SENSE CHAPTER I −−THE BIRTH OF REASON Pages 35−47 Existence always has an Order, called Chaos when incompatible with a chosen good.−−Absolute order, or truth, is static, impotent, indifferent.−−In experience order is relative to interests which determine the moral status of all powers.−−The discovered conditions of reason not its beginning.−−The flux first.−−Life the fixation of interests.−−Primary dualities.−−First gropings.−−Instinct the nucleus of reason.−−Better and worse the fundamental categories CHAPTER II −−FIRST STEPS AND FIRST FLUCTUATIONS Pages 48−63 Dreams before thoughts.−−The mind vegetates uncontrolled save by physical forces.−−Internal order supervenes.−−Intrinsic pleasure in existence.−−Pleasure a good, but not pursued or remembered unless it suffuses an object.−−Subhuman delights.−−Animal living.−−Causes at last discerned.−−Attention guided by bodily impulse CHAPTER III −−THE DISCOVERY OF NATURAL OBJECTS Pages 64−83 Nature man's home.−−Difficulties in conceiving nature.−−Transcendental qualms.−−Thought an aspect of life and transitive.−−Perception CHAPTER IV 3 cumulative and synthetic.−−No identical agent needed.−−Example of the sun.−−His primitive divinity.−−Causes and essences contrasted.−−Voracity of intellect.−−Can the transcendent be known?−−Can the immediate be meant?−−Is thought a bridge from sensation to sensation?−−Mens naturaliter platonica.−−Identity and independence predicated of things CHAPTER IV −−ON SOME CRITICS OF THIS DISCOVERY Pages 84−117 Psychology as a solvent.−−Misconceived rôle of intelligence.−−All criticism dogmatic.−−A choice of hypotheses.−−Critics disguised enthusiasts.−−Hume's gratuitous scepticism.−−Kant's substitute for knowledge.−−False subjectivity attributed to reason.−−Chimerical reconstruction.−−The Critique a work on mental architecture.−−Incoherences.−−Nature the true system of conditions.−−Artificial pathos in subjectivism.−−Berkeley's algebra of perception.−−Horror of physics.−−Puerility in morals.−−Truism and sophism.−−Reality is the practical made intelligible.−−Vain "realities" and trustworthy "fictions" CHAPTER V −−NATURE UNIFIED AND MIND DISCERNED Pages 118−136 Man's feeble grasp of nature.−−Its unity ideal and discoverable only by steady thought.−−Mind the erratic residue of existence.−−Ghostly character of mind.−−Hypostasis and criticism both need control.−−Comparative constancy in objects and in ideas.−−Spirit and sense defined by their relation to nature.−−Vague notions of nature involve vague notions of spirit.−−Sense and spirit the life of nature, which science redistributes but does not deny CHAPTER VI −−DISCOVERY OF FELLOW−MINDS Pages 137−160 Another background for current experience may be found in alien minds.−−Two usual accounts of this conception criticised: analogy between bodies, and dramatic dialogue in the soul.−−Subject and object empirical, not transcendental, terms.−−Objects originally soaked in secondary and tertiary qualities.−−Tertiary qualities transposed.−−Imputed mind consists of the tertiary qualities of perceived body−−"Pathetic fallacy" normal, yet ordinarily fallacious.−−Case where it is not a fallacy.−−Knowledge succeeds only by accident.−−Limits of insight.−−Perception of character.−−Conduct divined, consciousness ignored.−−Consciousness untrustworthy.−−Metaphorical mind.−−Summary CHAPTER VII −−CONCRETIONS IN DISCOURSE AND IN EXISTENCE Pages 161−183 So−called abstract qualities primary.−−General qualities prior to particular things.−−Universals are concretions in discourse.−−Similar reactions, merged in one habit of reproduction, yield an idea.−−Ideas are ideal.−−So−called abstractions complete facts.−−Things concretions of concretions.−−Ideas prior in the order of knowledge, things in the order of nature.−−Aristotle's compromise.−−Empirical bias in favour of contiguity.−−Artificial divorce of logic from practice.−−Their mutual involution.−−Rationalistic suicide.−−Complementary character of essence and existence CHAPTER VIII 4 CHAPTER VIII −−ON THE RELATIVE VALUE OF THINGS AND IDEAS Pages 184−204 Moral tone of opinions derived from their logical principle.−−Concretions in discourse express instinctive reactions.−−Idealism rudimentary.−−Naturalism sad.−−The soul akin to the eternal and ideal.−−Her inexperience.−−Platonism spontaneous.−−Its essential fidelity to the ideal.−−Equal rights of empiricism.−−Logic dependent on fact for its importance, and for its subsistence.−−Reason and docility.−−Applicable thought and clarified experience CHAPTER IX −−HOW THOUGHT IS PRACTICAL Pages 205−235 Functional relations of mind and body.−−They form one natural life.−−Artifices involved in separating them.−−Consciousness expresses vital equilibrium and docility.−−Its worthlessness as a cause and value as an expression.−−Thought's march automatic and thereby implicated in events.−−Contemplative essence of action.−−Mechanical efficacy alien to thought's essence.−−Consciousness transcendental and transcendent.−−It is the seat of value.−−Apparent utility of pain.−−Its real impotence.−−− Preformations involved.−−Its untoward significance.−−Perfect function not unconscious.−−Inchoate ethics.−−Thought the entelechy of being.−−Its exuberance CHAPTER X −−THE MEASURE OF VALUES IN REFLECTION Pages 236−255 Honesty in hedonism.−−Necessary qualifications.−−The will must judge.−−Injustice inherent in representation.−−Æsthetic and speculative cruelty.−−Imputed values: their inconstancy.−−Methods of control.−−Example of fame.−−Disproportionate interest in the æsthetic.−−Irrational religious allegiance.−−Pathetic idealisations.−−Inevitable impulsiveness in prophecy.−−The test a controlled present ideal CHAPTER XI −−SOME ABSTRACT CONDITIONS OF THE IDEAL Pages 256−268 The ultimate end a resultant.−−Demands the substance of ideals.−−Discipline of the will.−−Demands made practical and consistent.−−The ideal natural.−−Need of unity and finality.−−Ideals of nothing.−−Darwin on moral sense.−−Conscience and reason compared.−−Reason imposes no new sacrifice.−−Natural goods attainable and compatible in principle.−−Harmony the formal and intrinsic demand of reason CHAPTER XII −−FLUX AND CONSTANCY IN HUMAN NATURE Pages 269−291 Respectable tradition that human nature is fixed.−−Contrary currents of opinion.−−Pantheism.−−Instability in existences does not dethrone their ideals.−−Absolutist philosophy human and halting.−−All science a deliverance of momentary thought.−−All criticism likewise.−−Origins inessential.−−Ideals functional.−−They are transferable to similar beings.−−Authority internal.−−Reason autonomous.−−Its distribution.−−Natural selection of minds.−−Living stability.−−Continuity necessary to progress.−−Limits of variation. Spirit a heritage.−−Perfectibility.−−Nature and human nature.−−Human nature formulated.−−Its concrete description reserved for the sequel Introduction to "The Life of Reason" [Sidenote: Progress is relative to an ideal which reflection creates.] CHAPTER VIII 5 Whatever forces may govern human life, if they are to be recognised by man, must betray themselves in human experience.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Obscene Gestures: Sexual Transgression and Late Twentieth-Century American Political Culture
    Obscene Gestures: Sexual Transgression and Late Twentieth-Century American Political Culture Patrick Scott Lawrence, PhD University of Connecticut, 2016 Tracing a cultural history from the 1970s to the 1990s, Obscene Gestures places popular and legal notions of obscenity in conversation with anti-consumerist and anti-capitalist resistance movements, women of color feminism, and LGBTQ activism. Since the 1973 Supreme Court ruling in Miller v. California, obscenity discourse has policed the shape of the nation by marking non-normative bodies as objectionable. The dissertation’s study of the cultural artifacts this discourse concerns opens by situating the history of literary obscenity alongside the key theories of sexuality, power, race, and knowledge. The first body chapter links the Miller ruling with 1970s-era neoconservative policies by considering some of the decade’s major novels, including Thomas Pynchon’s Gravity’s Rainbow (1973), revealing a home- front cultural politics that stymied dissent by classing as out of bounds many forms of political speech, including Huynh Cong Ut’s 1972 photo The Terror of War. Chapter Two builds upon the polarization this moment caused via an analysis of the feminist battles over pornography in the early 1980s. I juxtapose figures on both sides of this debate with works by women of color, such as Alice Walker’s The Color Purple (1983), that address the histories of embodiment that this debate tended to obscure. The occlusion of race in organizing around pornography parallels the role of possessive individualism in justifying racial wealth disparities during the Reagan administration, which the third chapter highlights. Working in the shadow of the 1986 Meese Commission report, this chapter interprets neoliberal economic policies as an enactment of racial indifference through the metaphors of sex and violence in The Bonfire of the Vanities (1987) and American Psycho (1990).
    [Show full text]
  • Bulletin of the Santayana Society
    Overheard in Seville Bulletin of the Santayana No. 29 Fall 2011 Society Bulletin of the George Santayana Society No. 29 FALL 2011 TABLE OF CONTENTS • Announcement of 2011 Annual Meeting, page 2 • Dedication, page 3 • Overheard in Seville and Santayana Websites, page 40 • Some Abbreviations for Santayana’s Works, page 40 Robert Dawidoff 4 Santayana: Genius of the Closet Krzysztof Piotr Skowroński 14 Santayana and the Avant-garde: Visual Arts in the Context of Democracy, Norms, Liberty, and Social Progress Michael Brodrick 20 Spirituality and Moral Struggle The Santayana Edition 28 Prefatory Notes to The Life of Reason Glenn Tiller 31 Angus Kerr-Lawson: 1932–2011 Bethel L. Eddy 33 Henry Levinson: 1949–2010 Kristine W. Frost 34 Bibliographical Checklist: Twenty-seventh Update Overheard in Seville, which appears annually, is formatted and composed for typesetting by the Santayana Edition and is published by Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis. Copyright ©2011 ANNOUNCEMENT The George Santayana Society 2011 ANNUAL MEETING The Society’s annual meeting will be held in conjunction with the December meetings of the American Philosophical Association (Eastern Division) in Washington, DC. Speakers Jude P. Dougherty Catholic University of America “The Amphibolous Character of Existence: Matter and its Negation in the Thought of George Santayana” Diana Heney University of Toronto “Santayana on Value” Chair Glenn Tiller Texas A&M University at Corpus Christi 9:00–11:00 A.M., Wednesday 28 December Rooms to be assigned at the conference Marriott Wardman Park Washington, DC This issue of Overheard in Seville: Bulletin of the Santayana Society is dedicated to Angus Carmichael Kerr-Lawson (1932–2011), who co-founded and named the journal and served as editor since 1983.
    [Show full text]
  • The Dewey-Santayana Rivalry
    limbo Núm. 40, 2020, pp. 63-93 issn: 0210-1602 Th e Dewey-Santayana Rivalry Richard M. Rubin abstract John Dewey and George Santayana sparred with each other for almost fi ft y years. Th eir disputes concerning ontological and psychological issues reveal deep-seated disagreements about morals, politics, social progress, and the nature and role of art and philosophy in human life. Th is survey goes through their engagement chronologically, starting with Dewey’s fi rst review of Th e Life of Reason in 1906 and ending with a posthumously published essay by Santayana. It shows that the opposition of both philosophies is not just an abstract confl ict between opposing theories but an active clash in which elemental misunderstanding combined with penetrating insight. Key-Words:Naturalism, American Philosophy, John Dewey, George Santayana resumen John Dewey y George Santayana se batieron durante casi cincuenta años. Sus debates sobre cuestiones ontológicas y psicológicas muestran des- acuerdos profundos en moral, política, progreso social, y en la naturaleza y el papel que el arte y la fi losofía tienen en la vida humana. Este artículo aborda su relación cronológicamente, comenzando con la primera reseña de Dewey de La vida de la razón en 1906 y acaba con un ensayo póstumo de Santayana. Muestra que la oposición de ambas fi losofía no es solo un Simposio sobre la historia de la filosofía de Santayana, ii 63 64 Richard M. Rubin confl icto abstracto entre teorías opuestas sino un choque claro en el que se combinan malentendidos e intuiciones penetrantes. Palabras clave: naturalismo, fi losofía norteamericana, John Dewey, Geor- ge Santayana .
    [Show full text]
  • A Return to Humility and Common Sense: Santayana's Message to Our
    limbo Núm. 37, 2017, pp. 97-116 issn: 0210-1602 A return to humility and common sense: Santayana’s message to our current age Jacquelyn Ann K. Kegley Abstract Th e latest volume of the Critical Edition of Santayana’s Life of Reason, namely, Book Five: Reason in Science is a welcome addition to the world of Santayana scholarship and to those interested in understanding science and its role in the pursuit of human knowledge. Science is fi rmly connected with common sense and common knowledge allowing us to expose current pretensions about science. Santayana’s reasonable naturalism is a valuable viewpoint for dealing with the discoveries and contentions of the contemporary philosophical and scientifi c scene. His distinction between two kinds of science connects science to morality and ethics and allows exploration of this relationship. Key words: Physics, Dialectics, Common knowledge, Naturalism, Mora- lity Resumen El último volumen de la edición crítica de La vida de la razón, de Santa- yana, el tomo quinto: La razón en la ciencia, supone un estupendo añadi- do al campo de los estudios santayanianos y para los interesados en com- prender la ciencia y su papel en la búsqueda del conocimiento humano. La ciencia conecta fi rmemente con el sentido común y el sentido común hace que nos planteemos ciertas exigencias sobre la ciencia. El razonable Simposio sobre The Life of Reason 97 98 Jacquelyn Ann K. Kegley naturalismo de Santayana aporta una valiosa perspectiva para abordar los descubrimientos y los retos del ámbito científi co y fi losófi co actual. Su dis- tinción entre dos tipos de ciencia conecta la ciencia con la moralidad y la ética, y permite explorar su relación.
    [Show full text]
  • Sonic, Infrasonic, and Ultrasonic Frequencies
    SONIC, INFRASONIC, AND ULTRASONIC FREQUENCIES: The Utilisation of Waveforms as Weapons, Apparatus for Psychological Manipulation, and as Instruments of Physiological Influence by Industrial, Entertainment, and Military Organisations. TOBY HEYS A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of Liverpool John Moores University for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy March 2011 1 ABSTRACT This study is a trans-disciplinary and trans-historical investigation into civilian and battlefield contexts in which speaker systems have been utilised by the military-industrial and military-entertainment complexes to apply pressure to mass social groupings and the individuated body. Drawing on authors such as historian/sociologist Michel Foucault, economist Jacques Attali, philosopher Michel Serres, political geographer/urban planner Edward Soja, musician/sonic theorist Steve Goodman, and cultural theorist/urbanist Paul Virilio, this study engages a wide range of texts to orchestrate its arguments. Conducting new strains of viral theory that resonate with architectural, neurological, and political significance, this research provides new and original analysis about the composition of waveformed geography. Ultimately, this study listens to the ways in which the past and current utilisation of sonic, infrasonic, and ultrasonic frequencies as weapons, apparatus for psychological manipulation, and instruments of physiological influence, by industrial, civilian, entertainment, and military organisations, predict future techniques of socio­ spatialised organisation. In chapter one it is argued that since the inception of wired radio speaker systems into U.S. industrial factories in 1922, the development of sonic strategies based primarily on the scoring of architectonic spatiality, cycles of repetition, and the enveloping dynamics of surround sound can be traced to the sonic torture occurring in Guantanamo Bay during the first decade of the twenty-first century.
    [Show full text]
  • Aristotle on Reason, Practical Reason, and Living Well
    Binghamton University The Open Repository @ Binghamton (The ORB) The Society for Ancient Greek Philosophy Newsletter 12-1986 Aristotle on Reason, Practical Reason, and Living Well Deborah K.W. Modrak University of Rochester, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://orb.binghamton.edu/sagp Part of the Ancient History, Greek and Roman through Late Antiquity Commons, Ancient Philosophy Commons, and the History of Philosophy Commons Recommended Citation Modrak, Deborah K.W., "Aristotle on Reason, Practical Reason, and Living Well" (1986). The Society for Ancient Greek Philosophy Newsletter. 255. https://orb.binghamton.edu/sagp/255 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by The Open Repository @ Binghamton (The ORB). It has been accepted for inclusion in The Society for Ancient Greek Philosophy Newsletter by an authorized administrator of The Open Repository @ Binghamton (The ORB). For more information, please contact [email protected]. ¡ΙΑ, Aristotle on Reason. Practical Reason, and Living Veil D. K.W. Modrak From the beginning the Nicomachean Ethics is about practical thinking, how we choose or should choose to act and to urge others to act.1 Any form of thought that requires the conceptualization of one or more actions is a type of practical thinking.2 Thus the deliberations of a legislator, the scheming of a huckster and the choices of a good woman are all instances of practical reason. In view of its importance, it is especially disturbing that Aristotle's account of practical thinking is open to the charge of inadequacy on two major fronts: ( 1 ) the cogency of his analysis of moral weakness; and (2) the absence of a genuine conceptual niche for ohronesis.
    [Show full text]
  • European Journal of Pragmatism and American Philosophy, XI-1 | 2019 Padrón Charles & Krzysztof Piotr Skowroński (Eds), the Life of Reason in an A
    European Journal of Pragmatism and American Philosophy XI-1 | 2019 European Pragmatism PADRÓN Charles & Krzysztof Piotr SKOWROŃSKI (eds), The Life of Reason in an Age of Terrorism Brill/Rodopi, Leiden-Boston, 2018, 266 pages María Aurelia Di Berardino Translator: Leonardo de Rose Electronic version URL: http://journals.openedition.org/ejpap/1562 DOI: 10.4000/ejpap.1562 ISSN: 2036-4091 Publisher Associazione Pragma Electronic reference María Aurelia Di Berardino, « PADRÓN Charles & Krzysztof Piotr SKOWROŃSKI (eds), The Life of Reason in an Age of Terrorism », European Journal of Pragmatism and American Philosophy [Online], XI-1 | 2019, Online since 19 July 2019, connection on 24 September 2020. URL : http://journals.openedition.org/ejpap/ 1562 ; DOI : https://doi.org/10.4000/ejpap.1562 This text was automatically generated on 24 September 2020. Author retains copyright and grants the European Journal of Pragmatism and American Philosophy right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Padrón Charles & Krzysztof Piotr Skowroński (eds), The Life of Reason in an A... 1 PADRÓN Charles & Krzysztof Piotr SKOWROŃSKI (eds), The Life of Reason in an Age of Terrorism Brill/Rodopi, Leiden-Boston, 2018, 266 pages María Aurelia Di Berardino Translation : Leonardo de Rose REFERENCES PADRÓN Charles & Krzysztof Piotr SKOWROŃSKI (eds), The Life of Reason in an Age of Terrorism, Brill/Rodopi, Leiden-Boston, 2018, 266 pages AUTHOR'S NOTE This work
    [Show full text]
  • Art As Reasoning. Santayana's Synthetic Approach
    limbo Núm. 37, 2017, pp. 75-96 issn: 0210-1602 Art as reasoning. Santayana’s synthetic approach Giovanni Maddalena Abstract Th e paper considers Reason in Art, the fourth book of Th e Life of Reason, as a pragmatist classic text. In accounting for such a defi nition, the paper (a) will elaborate on Santayana’s pivotal and neglected conception of synthesis. In this way, I hope to show in the conclusion that diffi culties in considering Santayana as a pragmatist are the very same diffi culties that pragmatism had in comprehending its own synthetic drive as one of its most crucial characteristics. Furthermore, the paper will examine the impact of this synthetic approach on both philosophy of art and art, showing (b) the kinds of ancient philosophical questions on art that this approach can solve and (c) whether Santayana’s understanding of art remains relevant today. Th is outcome will also illustrate an original, contemporary contribution to philosophy of art and art that can be off ered by contemporary pragmatism. Keywords: cognitive power of arts, synthesis, pragmatism, gesture Resumen El artículo considera que La razón en el arte, el cuarto libro de La vida de la razón, es un texto pragmatista clásico. Como apoyo a esa defi nición, el artículo (a) abordará la concepción santayaniana de la síntesis, central aun- que descuidada. En esta línea, espero mostrar como conclusión que las di- fi cultades de considerar a Santayana como pragmatista son exactamente Simposio sobre The Life of Reason 75 76 Giovanni Maddalena las mismas que el pragmatismo tuvo para captar su propio giro sintético como una de sus características más cruciales.
    [Show full text]
  • Hearings to Examine Threats, Responses, and Regional Considerations Surrounding Iraq
    S. HRG. 107–658 HEARINGS TO EXAMINE THREATS, RESPONSES, AND REGIONAL CONSIDERATIONS SURROUNDING IRAQ HEARINGS BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS UNITED STATES SENATE ONE HUNDRED SEVENTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION JULY 31 AND AUGUST 1, 2002 Printed for the use of the Committee on Foreign Relations ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.access.gpo.gov/congress/senate U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 81–697 PDF WASHINGTON : 2002 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2250 Mail: Stop SSOP, Washington, DC 20402–0001 VerDate 11-MAY-2000 18:09 Sep 20, 2002 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 81697 SFRELA1 PsN: SFRELA1 COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS JOSEPH R. BIDEN, JR., Delaware, Chairman PAUL S. SARBANES, Maryland JESSE HELMS, North Carolina CHRISTOPHER J. DODD, Connecticut RICHARD G. LUGAR, Indiana JOHN F. KERRY, Massachusetts CHUCK HAGEL, Nebraska RUSSELL D. FEINGOLD, Wisconsin GORDON H. SMITH, Oregon PAUL D. WELLSTONE, Minnesota BILL FRIST, Tennessee BARBARA BOXER, California LINCOLN D. CHAFEE, Rhode Island ROBERT G. TORRICELLI, New Jersey GEORGE ALLEN, Virginia BILL NELSON, Florida SAM BROWNBACK, Kansas JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER IV, West Virginia MICHAEL B. ENZI, Wyoming ANTONY J. BLINKEN, Staff Director PATRICIA A. MCNERNEY, Republican Staff Director (II) VerDate 11-MAY-2000 18:09 Sep 20, 2002 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 81697 SFRELA1 PsN: SFRELA1 CONTENTS WEDNESDAY, JULY 31, 2002 Page Ajami, Prof. Fouad, Majid Khadduri professor and director of Middle East Studies, School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins Univer- sity, Washington, DC ..........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Middle-Ground Pragmatists: the Popularization of Philosophy in American Culture
    284 GeorgeCotkin to have culturalinfluence, then the philosopherhad to make his work accessibleto a widerpublic. The diffusionof suchknowledge was a neces-neces­ saryprecondition for democratic social reconstruction. The popularizationof pragmatism in the period after the First World War helpedto createa new formof pragmatism, "middle-ground" pragmatism. If middlebrowculture attempted to balance demandsfor accessibilitywith qualityand to reconcile authority with democracy, then middle-ground popu-popu­ larpragmatists wanted to retainthe essentials of pragmatism as developedby Dewey whilebeing open to new thinkersand concepts,especially those of GeorgeSantayana and the"tragic sense of life."3While continuing through-through­ outthe mid-mid-1920s 1920s to speakin thefamiliar language of social reconstruction, criticalintelligence, and scientificmethod, middle-ground pragmatists in-in­ creasinglyemphasized a stanceof moderationand distancelater made fa-fa­ mousin WalterLippmann's A Prefaceto Morals (1929). Middle-groundpragmatists also helpedto definethe chastened liberal-liberal­ ismthat dominated American intellectual life in thelate 1940s and 1950s. It has becomea commonplacein chartingthe history of American intellectuals to focuson how ReinholdNiebuhr, Daniel Bell, Lionel Trilling,and others, out of disillusionmentwith Marxism,adopted a new form of liberalism markedby irony, restraint, and disdain for utopian visions of social recon-recon­ struction. Rather than intending to refute the importance of this sea-change in thought,this essay suggests that middle-ground pragmatists antedated the move towardchastened liberalism by well over a decade, without any sustained engagement with radical politics.politics.4 4 Middle-ground pragmatism proved to be an appealing position because it allowed young intellectuals to popularize philosophical ideas and to battle against the insufficiencies of American cultural life in the 1920s.
    [Show full text]
  • Terry O'bright
    Various Sound Credits 2005 - 2014 Our teams of sound designers and editors have won more Emmys (16), Golden Reels (35) and other recognition for quality than any other sound company! 2014 Whitney (Cable Movie - Lifetime/A&E) - Full sound & mixing package 2014 Person of Interest (TV series - CBC) - Mixing package 2014 Flash (TV series - CW) - Mixing package 2014 NCIS (TV Series - CBS) - Full sound & mixing package 2014 NCIS: New Orleans (TV Series - CBS) - Full sound & mixing package 2014 Cosmos (TV Series - Fox) - Full sound & mixing package *2014 EMMY winner - best Sound Effects Editorial 2014 Scorpion (TV series - CBC) - Mixing package 2014 Tyrant (TV series - FX) - Mixing package & M&E package 2014 Perception (TV series - ABC) - ADR & Mixing package 2014 Drum Line (Cable Movie - VH1) - Full sound & mixing package 2014 Crossbones (TV Series - NBC) - Full sound & mixing package 2014 The Divide (TV Series - WE TV) - Full sound & mixing package 2014 Petals on the Wind (Cable Movie) - Full sound & mixing package 2014 Return to Zero (Cable Movie - Lifetime) - Full sound & mixing package 2011-14 Falling Skies (Cable series - TNT/Dreamworks) Full sound & mixing package 2009-14 Modern Family (TV series - Fox for ABC) - Full sound & mixing package *2010 & 2012 EMMY winner - best Mixing / 2014 CAS award - Best Mixing 2008-14 Sons of Anarchy (Cable series - FX/Fox) – Full sound & mixing package *2014 Golden Reel Award - best Sound Editorial 2010-14 The Good Wife (TV series - Fox) – Mixing package 2008-14 Bones (TV series - Fox) – Mixing package
    [Show full text]
  • A Study of Transcendental Materialism in the Philosophy of George Santayana
    Loyola University Chicago Loyola eCommons Master's Theses Theses and Dissertations 1948 A Study of Transcendental Materialism in the Philosophy of George Santayana Thomas N. Munson Loyola University Chicago Follow this and additional works at: https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_theses Part of the Philosophy Commons Recommended Citation Munson, Thomas N., "A Study of Transcendental Materialism in the Philosophy of George Santayana" (1948). Master's Theses. 794. https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_theses/794 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Loyola eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of Loyola eCommons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License. Copyright © 1948 Thomas N. Munson A STUDY OF TRANSCENDENTAL MATERIALISM IN THE PHILOSOPHY OF GEORGE SANTAYANA BY THOMAS N. MUNSON, S.J. A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFII,T.MENT OF THE REQ,UIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN LOYOLA. UNIVERSITY JUNE 1948 ... • YrrA Thomas N. Munson, S.J., was born in Chioago, Illinois, January 26, 1924. He completed his elementary education at St. Ignatius. Grammar School in that oity. He was graduated from. Loyola Academ7 in June, 1941, and the following August entered the Society of Jesus at Milford Novitiate of the Sacred Heart, Milford, Ohio. During his four years at Milford he was registered as an undergraduate in the College ot Arts and Sciences in lavier University, CinCinnati, Ohio. In August, 1945 he began the study of Philosophy and Science .t West Baden College, West Baden Springs, Indiana, and was enrolled in Loyola University, whence he received the Baohelor of Arts degree with a major in Latin in June, 1946.
    [Show full text]