Representations of Barbarians in Late Antiquity One of the Most Significant
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Hunnic Warfare in the Fourth and Fifth Centuries C.E.: Archery and the Collapse of the Western Roman Empire
HUNNIC WARFARE IN THE FOURTH AND FIFTH CENTURIES C.E.: ARCHERY AND THE COLLAPSE OF THE WESTERN ROMAN EMPIRE A Thesis Submitted to the Committee of Graduate Studies in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in the Faculty of Arts and Science. TRENT UNIVERSITY Peterborough, Ontario, Canada © Copyright by Laura E. Fyfe 2016 Anthropology M.A. Graduate Program January 2017 ABSTRACT Hunnic Warfare in the Fourth and Fifth Centuries C.E.: Archery and the Collapse of the Western Roman Empire Laura E. Fyfe The Huns are one of the most misunderstood and mythologized barbarian invaders encountered by the Roman Empire. They were described by their contemporaries as savage nomadic warriors with superior archery skills, and it is this image that has been written into the history of the fall of the Western Roman Empire and influenced studies of Late Antiquity through countless generations of scholarship. This study examines evidence of Hunnic archery, questions the acceptance and significance of the “Hunnic archer” image, and situates Hunnic archery within the context of the fall of the Western Roman Empire. To achieve a more accurate picture of the importance of archery in Hunnic warfare and society, this study undertakes a mortuary analysis of burial sites associated with the Huns in Europe, a tactical and logistical study of mounted archery and Late Roman and Hunnic military engagements, and an analysis of the primary and secondary literature. Keywords: Archer, Archery, Army, Arrow, Barbarian, Bow, Burial Assemblages, Byzantine, Collapse, Composite Bow, Frontier, Hun, Logistics, Migration Period, Roman, Roman Empire, Tactics, Weapons Graves ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would first like to thank my thesis advisor, Dr. -
Bullard Eva 2013 MA.Pdf
Marcomannia in the making. by Eva Bullard BA, University of Victoria, 2008 A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS in the Department of Greek and Roman Studies Eva Bullard 2013 University of Victoria All rights reserved. This thesis may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without the permission of the author. ii Supervisory Committee Marcomannia in the making by Eva Bullard BA, University of Victoria, 2008 Supervisory Committee Dr. John P. Oleson, Department of Greek and Roman Studies Supervisor Dr. Gregory D. Rowe, Department of Greek and Roman Studies Departmental Member iii Abstract Supervisory Committee John P. Oleson, Department of Greek and Roman Studies Supervisor Dr. Gregory D. Rowe, Department of Greek and Roman Studies Departmental Member During the last stages of the Marcommani Wars in the late second century A.D., Roman literary sources recorded that the Roman emperor Marcus Aurelius was planning to annex the Germanic territory of the Marcomannic and Quadic tribes. This work will propose that Marcus Aurelius was going to create a province called Marcomannia. The thesis will be supported by archaeological data originating from excavations in the Roman installation at Mušov, Moravia, Czech Republic. The investigation will examine the history of the non-Roman region beyond the northern Danubian frontier, the character of Roman occupation and creation of other Roman provinces on the Danube, and consult primary sources and modern research on the topic of Roman expansion and empire building during the principate. iv Table of Contents Supervisory Committee ..................................................................................................... -
University of Copenhagen
South Scandinavian Foederati and Auxiliarii? Grane, Thomas Published in: Beyond the Roman Frontier: Roman Influences on the Northern Barbaricum Publication date: 2007 Document version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Citation for published version (APA): Grane, T. (2007). South Scandinavian Foederati and Auxiliarii? In Beyond the Roman Frontier: Roman Influences on the Northern Barbaricum (pp. 83-104). Quasar. Analecta Romana Instituti Danici. Supplementum, Vol.. 37 Download date: 08. apr.. 2020 Analecta Romana Instituti Danici Supplementum XXXIX BEYOND THE ROMAN FRONTIER Roman Influences on the Northern Barbaricum EdiTED BY THOMAS GRANE estratto EDIZIONI QUASAR ROMA MMVII Contents Foreword 5 THOMAS GRANE : Did the Romans Really Know (or Care) about Southern Scandinavia? An Archaeological Perspective 7 LISBE T H M. IMER : Greek and Latin Inscriptions in the Northern Barbaricum 31 LINE MAJ -BRI tt HØJBER G BJER G : Roman Coins – Evidence of Possible Nodal Points? 61 MADS DREVS DYHRFJE L D -JOHNSEN : Roman Ideological Influences 67 THOMAS GRANE : Southern Scandinavian Foederati and Auxiliarii? 83 Ull A LU ND HANSEN : Barbarians in the North – The Greatest Concentration of Roman Weaponry in Europe 105 XENIA PA ul I JENSEN : Preliminary Remarks on Roman Military Equipment from the War Booty Sacrifice of Vimose, Denmark 131 KL A U S S. HVID : Reconstruction of the North Germanic Armies AD 200 137 XENIA PA ul I JENSEN : The Use of Archers in the Northern Germanic Armies. Evidence from the Danish War Booty Sacrifices 143 SVEND ERI K AL BRE T HSEN : Logistic Problems in Northern European Iron Age Warfare 153 Plates 163 Southern Scandinavian Foederati and Auxiliarii? by THOMAS GRANE Over the years, various archaeological remains a high percentage of Germanic fibulae and ce- have led scholars to speculate on possible mili- ramics indicate that a Germanic population tary connections between southern Scandinavia was closely integrated among the occupants of and the northern region of the Roman Empire. -
Defining a Roman Identity in the Res Gestae of Ammianus Marcellinus: the Dialogue Between ‘Roman’ and ‘Foreign’
Defining a Roman Identity in the Res Gestae of Ammianus Marcellinus: the dialogue between ‘Roman’ and ‘foreign’ A thesis submitted to the University of Manchester for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Humanities 2018 Guy A. J. Williams School of Arts, Languages and Cultures Defining a Roman Identity Contents List of abbreviations ....................................................................................... 5 List of tables ................................................................................................... 7 Abstract .......................................................................................................... 8 Declaration ..................................................................................................... 9 Copyright statement ...................................................................................... 9 A note on Ammianus’ text ........................................................................... 10 Acknowledgements ...................................................................................... 11 The author .................................................................................................... 12 Introduction ................................................................................................. 13 0.1 Ammianus Marcellinus and Roman identity .......................................... 13 0.2 The ‘foreign’/ ‘outsider’ perspective ................................................. 17 0.3 A new type of Roman ........................................................................ -
The Making of the Slavs: History and Archaeology of the Lower Danube
The Making of the Slavs This book offers a new approach to the problem of Slavic ethnicity in south- eastern Europe between c. and c. , from the perspective of current anthropological theories. The conceptual emphasis here is on the relation between material culture and ethnicity. The author demonstrates that the history of the Sclavenes and the Antes begins only at around . He also points to the significance of the archaeological evidence, which suggests that specific artifacts may have been used as identity markers. This evidence also indicates the role of local leaders in building group boundaries and in leading successful raids across the Danube. The names of many powerful leaders appear in written sources, some being styled “kings.”Because of these military and political developments, Byzantine authors began employing names such as Sclavenes and Antes in order to make sense of the process of group identification that was taking place north of the Danube frontier. Slavic ethnicity is therefore shown to be a Byzantine invention. is Assistant Professor of Medieval History, University of Florida THE MAKING OF THE SLAVS History and Archaeology of the Lower Danube Region, c. – FLORIN CURTA CONTENTS List of figures page ix List of tables xiii Acknowledgments xiv List of abbreviations xv Introduction Slavic ethnicity and the ethnie of the Slavs: concepts and approaches Sources for the history of the early Slavs (c. –) The Slavs in early medieval sources (c. –) The Balkans and the Danube limes during the sixth and seventh centuries -
The Vandals and Sarmatians in a New Perspective
CM 2017 ombrukket 7.qxp_CM 09.02.2018 12:41 Side 233 The Vandals and Sarmatians in a New Perspective ROMAN ZAROFF This study discusses the relations between the peoples known as Sarmatians, Alans, Vandals, and other groups in the context of fluid identities and political affinities of Late Antiquity and early medieval Europe. It is argued that the Van- dals underwent a substantial transformation from being dominantely farmers to centre on horse breeding and mounted warfare. In this process, Sarmatian and Alanian influence on the Vandals was crucial. One could speak of a ‘Sarma- tisation’ of Vandal warfare, economy, dressing, and conduct, but also of a Vandal confederation of identities to which other ‘barbarian’ peoples could be con- nected. Introduction The term Vandals denotes an ethnically mixed tribal confederation centred on the Germanic tribe of Vandals who during the 3rd and 4th century C.E. ravaged the Roman frontier and provinces, and who in the early 5th century settled in the north African provinces of the Roman Empire (Schmidt 1964: 308). The history of the Vandals is a widely researched subject with a large body of books, monographs and papers. Therefore, there is no need to elaborate on the history of the Vandals here. however, most of the works written by scholars and researchers in the English, German and french-speaking world focus on Vandals in the context of the Germanic Migration in Late Antiquity and its impact on the Roman Empire. It is often omitted or down- played that sometime from 418 C.E. onward, the rulers of the Vandals were called Rex Vandalorum and Alanorum – King of Vandals and Alans. -
Relations Between the Late Roman World and Barbarian Europe in the Light of Coin Finds
XIV International Economic History Congress, Helsinki 2006 Session 30 Aleksander Bursche ([email protected]) Relations between the Late Roman World and Barbarian Europe in the Light of Coin Finds Introduction The area considered in the present contribution is East Central and Northern (Scandinavia) Europe, settled by peoples referred to in the written sources as superiores barbari. As such we leave out from the discussion the zone directly bordering on the Roman Empire settled by proximi ripae. Roman contacts with these two zones of the barbarian world were essentially different. This is reflected both by historical accounts and by the differences in archaeological evidence, including coin finds (Wolters 1988, Kehne 1989, Berger 1992, 1996, Erdrich 2001). Mass influx of coinage to the area of interest started relatively late, ie, during the second half of AD 2nd century, more exactly, during the Marcomman Wars. This dating is indicated by oldest hoards, which barring a few exceptions, are closed – at the earliest – by issues from the times of Marcus Aurelius, and by archaeological context of coin finds in graves or bog deposits, where they may be dated in principle, at the earliest, to the second half or even last quarter of AD 2nd century (Nielsen 1992; Berger 1992, 122-160; Bursche 2002; 2003a; Bemmann 2005). And so, during a period of well developed exchange between the Roman Empire and the Barbaricum, coinciding with the Golden Age and the House of Antonine, Roman coins started to flow more intensively in the reign of the last two Antonine emperors. Roman coins reached the Barbaricum in larger number, with some interruption and widely fluctuating intensity, until the period of the late Constantine emperors and subsequently, in a very limited quantity, except for the episode of the second half of the 5th and early 6th century when a large number of solidi made their appearance in the Baltic Basin (Bolin 1929; Bursche 1989; 1996a; 1996b, 36-38; Berger 1992; 1996). -
XXIII. Limes Congress 2015
XXIII. Limes Congress 2015 Abstracts of Lectures and Posters List of Participants Abstracts of Lectures Inhalt Fawzi Abudanah, Via Nova Traiana between Petra and Ayn al-Qana in Arabia Petraea .................... 10 Cristina-Georgeta Alexandrescu, Not just stone: Building materials used for the fortifications in the area of Troesmis (Turcoaia, Tulcea County, RO) and its territorium (second to fourth century AD) ... 11 Cristina Georgeta Alexandrescu, Signaling in the army ...................................................................... 11 Ignacio Arce, Severan Castra, Tetrarchic Quadriburgia, Ghassanid Diyarat: Patterns of Transformation of Limes Arabicus Forts during Late Antiquity ............................................................ 12 Martina Back, Brick fabrication ............................................................................................................ 14 Gereon Balle/Markus Scholz. The monumental building beside the fort of the ala II Flavia milliaria in Aquileia/Heidenheim – Public baths or administrative building of the provincial government? (Raetia) .............................................................................................................................................................. 14 Thomas Becker/Ayla Jung, Unusual building structures in the vicus of Inheiden (Germania Superior) .............................................................................................................................................................. 15 Thomas Becker, Der Pfeilerbau im -
Experiencing the Frontier and the Frontier of Experience Barbarian Perspectives and Roman Strategies to Deal with New Threats
Experiencing the Frontier and the Frontier of Experience Barbarian perspectives and Roman strategies to deal with new threats edited by Alexander Rubel and Hans-Ulrich Voß Archaeopress Roman Archaeology 76 Archaeopress Publishing Ltd Summertown Pavilion 18-24 Middle Way Summertown Oxford OX2 7LG www.archaeopress.com ISBN 978-1-78969-681-3 ISBN 978-1-78969-682-0 (e-Pdf) © Archaeopress and the individual authors 2020 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright owners. This book is available direct from Archaeopress or from our website www.archaeopress.com Contents Preface ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ iii Beyond the Fringes of Empire: New Approaches concerning Roman Influence and Power in the Barbaricum� An introduction �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������iv Alexander Rubel and Hans-Ulrich Voß Roman limes in military campaigns of the Barbarians �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������1 Krzysztof Narloch Archaeological footprints of a superpower in hostile territory�Recent research on the traces of Roman military activities in the barbarian region north of the Middle Danube �����������������������������������������������������10 -
Soldiers and Society in Late Roman Belgica
The University of Manchester Research Soldiers and Society in Late Roman Belgica Link to publication record in Manchester Research Explorer Citation for published version (APA): Hern, A. (2013). Soldiers and Society in Late Roman Belgica. University of Manchester. Citing this paper Please note that where the full-text provided on Manchester Research Explorer is the Author Accepted Manuscript or Proof version this may differ from the final Published version. If citing, it is advised that you check and use the publisher's definitive version. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the Research Explorer are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Takedown policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please refer to the University of Manchester’s Takedown Procedures [http://man.ac.uk/04Y6Bo] or contact [email protected] providing relevant details, so we can investigate your claim. Download date:05. Oct. 2021 Soldiers and Society in Late Roman Belgica A thesis submitted to the University of Manchester for the degree of Master of Philosophy in the Faculty of Humanities 2013 Ashley R T Hern School of Arts, Languages and Cultures Table of Contents Abstract 3 Author’s Declaration 4 Copyright Statement 5 Acknowledgements 6 Map of Belgica II 7 Introduction 8 Chapter 1: Military identities in the 4 th and 5 th centuries -
The Limits of Empire in the Res Gestae of Ammianus Marcellinus1
THE LIMITS OF EMPIRE IN THE RES GESTAE OF AMMIANUS MARCELLINUS1 Jan Willem Drijvers Introduction In the Res Gestae of the emperor Augustus we read the following: I extended the borders of all those provinces of the Roman people on whose borders lay people not subject to our government. I brought peace to the Gallic and Spanish provinces, as well as to Germany, throughout the area bordering on the ocean from Cadiz to the mouth of the Elbe . My fleet sailed through the ocean eastwards from the mouth of the Rhineto the territory of the Cimbri, a country which no Roman had visited before either by land or sea, and the Cimbri, Charydes, Semnones and other Germanpeoplesofthatregionsentambassadorsandsoughtmyfriendship and that of the Roman people.2 One of the interesting aspects of this passage is Augustus’ claim of Ger- man territory as part of the Roman Empire whereas, according to mod- ern historians, Rome had not officially—albeit in effect—given up her efforts to conquer and incorporate the parts of Germany between the mouths of the Rhine and the Elbe not long after the disastrous battle in the Teutoburg Forest in ad.3 Thereafter the rivers Rhine and Danube 1 I wish to thank Mark Graham, Daan den Hengst and Nick Hodgson for their comments on an earlier draft of this paper. Special thanks are due to Benjamin Isaac for his willingness to comment on a paper many of the views of which he does not share; I profited greatly from his critical remarks and he made me reconsider some of my opinions or put them forward in a more nuanced way. -
LIMES DANUVIUS - Chances for a UNESCO World Heritage
13 th International Congress „Cultural Heritage and New Technologies“ Vienna, 2008 LIMES DANUVIUS - chances for a UNESCO World Heritage Sonja JILEK / Eva KUTTNER Limes Projektbüro Wien Zusammenfassung: Die Grenzen des Römischen Reiches bilden ein einzigartiges archäologisches Bodendenkmal von internationaler Bedeutung, das sich auf über 5500 Kilometern quer durch Europa, den Nahen Osten und Nordafrika zieht. Diese äußerste Grenzlinie, die mehrere tausend Wachtposten und hunderte größere und kleinere Kastellplätze in insgesamt 18 Staaten umfasst, soll in einem gemeinsamen multinationalen UNESCO-Welterbe „Grenzen des Römischen Reiches“ zusammengefasst geschützt und präsentiert werden. Einzelne Teile des Monuments, wie der Hadrian´s Wall in Nordengland, der Antoninus Wall in Schottland und der obergermanisch-raetische, 550 km lange Limesabschnitt in Deutschland sind bereits Welterbestätten. In den Donau-Limes Ländern gibt es hunderte von Militärplätzen in sehr unterschiedlichem Erhaltungszustand. Viele von ihnen sind Bodendenkmäler und oberirdisch für den Betrachter unsichtbar. Andere werden schon mehr als 120 Jahre wissenschaftlich erforscht und in Ruinenfreigeländen und Archäologieparks der Öffentlichkeit präsentiert. Jedes Jahr kommen mit Hilfe der Luftbild- bzw. der geophysikalischen Prospektion und der zahlreichen Rettungsgrabungen neue Anlagen hinzu. Alle diese Denkmäler entlang der Donau bilden zusammen mit den römischen Funden in den Limesmuseen einen großen archäologischen Schatz. Während einzelne am besten bekannte Ruinen der römischen