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Upper Gila-Mangas Watershed (HUC8 15040002)

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Upper Gila-Mangas Watershed (HUC8 15040002) Upper Gila-Mangas Watershed (HUC8 15040002) Rapid Watershed Assessment Upper Gila-Mangas Watershed 1 Upper Gila-Mangas Watershed (HUC8 15040002) The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or a part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA's TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. 2 Upper Gila-Mangas Watershed (HUC8 15040002) Table of Contents Overview ......................................................................................................................................... 5 Physical Setting ............................................................................................................................... 7 Precipitation .................................................................................................................................. 10 Land Ownership ............................................................................................................................ 11 Land Use / Land Cover ................................................................................................................. 13 Hydrology ..................................................................................................................................... 17 Threatened and Endangered Species ............................................................................................ 20 Invasive Species ............................................................................................................................ 27 Common Resource Areas ............................................................................................................. 28 Conservation ................................................................................................................................. 30 Soil Resource Inventory ................................................................................................................ 33 Socioeconomic Data (2010) .......................................................................................................... 37 References ..................................................................................................................................... 38 List of Tables Table 1. Upper Gila-Mangas Watershed acreage distribution. ....................................................... 6 Table 2. Land ownership in the Upper Gila-Mangas Watershed .................................................. 12 Table 3. Extent of NLCD classes in the Upper Gila-Mangas Watershed. .................................... 14 Table 4. SW Region Gap analysis ecosystem acreages. ............................................................... 16 Table 5. NHD Water Course Type and Extents .......................................................................... 18 Table 6. Listed Uses. NS = Not Supporting, NA = not assessed, x = Fully Supporting ............ 21 Table 7. Possible Causes of Impairment in New Mexico ............................................................ 21 Table 8. Possible Causes of Impairment in Arizona .................................................................... 22 Table 9. Threatened and Endangered Plant and Animal Species of New Mexico .......................25 Table 10. Threatened and Endangered Plant and Animal Species of Arizona .............................26 Table 11. Invasive Species Recognized by the SWEMP. ............................................................ 27 Table 12. 5 year Trends in Applied Conservation Practices. Reported in Acres. ....................... 31 Table 13. 5 Year Trends in Location Specific Applied Conservation Practices. Reported in Feet if Linear (i.e. Fence) ...................................................................................................................... 32 Table 14. Criteria Used for Soil Erosion Susceptibility Model. .................................................. 34 Table 15. Soil Erosion Potential Model Results. A greater rank indicates greater potential for erosion. .......................................................................................................................................... 36 Table 16. Socioeconomic Data of the Counties in the Upper Gila-Mangas Watershed (2010).............................................................................................................................................37 Upper Gila-Mangas Watershed (HUC8 15040002) List of Figures Figure 1. Upper Gila-Mangas Watershed Overview ..................................................................... 5 Figure 2. Upper Gila-Mangas Watershed Hydrologic Soil Group ................................................ 8 Figure 3. Upper Gila-Mangas Watershed Shaded Relief ............................................................... 9 Figure 4. Upper Gila-Mangas Watershed Annual Precipitation. ................................................. 10 Figure 5. Upper Gila-Mangas Watershed Land Ownership. ....................................................... 11 Figure 6. Subset of the National Land Cover Dataset over the Upper Gila-Mangas Watershed. 13 Figure 7. Subset of the SWREGAP over the Upper Gila-Mangas Watershed ........................... 15 Figure 8. National Hydrologic Dataset (NHD) of the Upper Gila-Mangas Watershed ............... 17 Figure 9. Gauging Stations in the San Francisco Watershed ....................................................... 19 Figure 10. Monthly Average of Mean Daily Flow on the Upper Gila-Mangas Watershed at Gila River Below Blue Creek near Virden, NM. Period of observation: 1927-2012. .......................... 20 Figure 11. 303(d) Impaired Waters. Draft Status (2010) in Arizona .......................................... 23 Figure 12. Declared Groundwater Basins of the Upper Gila-Mangas ......................................... 24 Figure 13. Common Resource Areas of the Upper Gila-Mangas. ........................................... ....28 Figure 14. National Cooperative Soil Survey coverage of the Upper Gila-Mangas . ................. 33 Figure 15. Upper Gila-Mangas Watershed Erosion Potential. .................................................... 35 Upper Gila-Mangas Watershed (HUC8 15040002) Overview Figure 1. Upper Gila-Mangas Watershed Overview. 5 Upper Gila-Mangas Watershed (HUC8 15040002) Overview The Upper Gila-Mangas Watershed is located in southwestern New Mexico and southeastern Arizona. It covers 1,314,074 total acres (5,318 sq. km). Portions of the Upper Gila-Mangas watershed are Catron, Grant, and Hidalgo counties in New Mexico and Cochise, Graham and Greenlee counties in Arizona. Table 1 summarizes the distribution of the Upper Gila-Mangas Watershed. County Acres % of HUC in % of County in County Acres in HUC Total County HUC Catron, 4,442,108 6,423 <1% <1% NM Grant, 2,543,536 821,185 62% 32% NM Hidalgo, 2,210,400 143,929 11% 7% NM Cochise, 3,978,378 412 <1% <1% AZ Graham, 2,968,819 1,712 <1% <1% AZ Greenlee, 1,182,841 340,159 26% 29% AZ Sum (∑) -- 1,314,074 100 -- Table 1. Upper Gila-Mangas Watershed acreage distribution. Upper Gila-Mangas Watershed (HUC8 15040002) Physical Setting Geology: The watershed is in the Transition Zone between the Colorado Plateau and Basin and Range physiographic provinces. The Colorado Plateau physiographic province consists of flat- lying, undeformed sedimentary rocks. The Basin and Range physiographic province is dominated by faulting, volcanism, magma intrusion, erosion and sedimentation. This produces elongated valleys filled with sediment and rock debris with north to north-west trending fault- block or volcanic highlands. Resource concerns are high sediment erosion with destruction of the adjacent river terraces through a rapid shift in flow direction of the main channel potentially causing loss of wildlife habitat. In addition the lowering of valleys by river incision is a continuing process. Rivers respond by aggrading during climates that promote large sediment yield and large, stable discharges; and incise during climates that produce flashy flows and reduce the sediment supply. Groundwater quality and quantity is a concern. Depth to groundwater is a concern if the shallow unconfined aquifer does not produce enough water for the resource or increased population demands are ‘mining’ the water. Groundwater quality ranges from good to fair for livestock or crops. Soils: Hydrologic soil groups are based on estimates of runoff potential. Soils are assigned to one of four groups according to the rate of water infiltration when the soils are not protected by vegetation, are thoroughly wet, and receive precipitation from long-duration storms. The soils in the Upper Gila-Mangas Watershed are assigned to four groups (A, B, C, and D). Group A. Soils having a high infiltration rate (low runoff
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