Founded by EAAM in 1974 by Founded Aquatic European Association for Aquatic Mammals, Aquatic AssociationEuropean for Supported the Joint Sponsorship by through Mammals the Alliance of Marine and Aquariums, Mammal Parks and the International Marine Animal Trainers’ Association

Aquatic Mammals Volume 44, Number 4, 2018 411 437 426 405 389 374 343 357 367 .....

ISSN 0167-5427 ISSN ) Blubber ...... ), during an experimental trial ) Zalophus californianus ) After Temporary ) After Captivity Temporary Megaptera novaeangliae ) to Sonar Playback Sequences ) to Sonar Playback Sequences : Mario Acquarone Cover Photo Cover Pagophilus groenlandicus Aquatic Mammals Aquatic Photo credit Pagophilus groenlandicus Pagophilus ) ...... has the Historical Perspectives feature, which includes essays and Aquatic Mammals has the Historical Perspectives feature, which includes essays and ...... ) Inhabit the Eastern Tropical Tropical ) Inhabit the Eastern Globicephala macrorhynchus ...... to simulate different body conditions under various diving exercises. to simulate different ...... Otaria flavescens ...... under the project COEXIST (NFR Grant No. 234411; Norwegian Animal Research Authority Animal Research Norwegian (NFR Grant No. 234411; under the project COEXIST “Skinny,” a juvenile female harp seal ( a juvenile “Skinny,” Permits 6646 and 6093). She is wearing neoprene pouches in which floats or weights are inserted Permits 6646 and 6093). She is wearing neoprene pouches in which floats or weights are publishes hard copies on-demand, CDs, and online peer-reviewed scientific articles related to scientific articles related to Aquatic Mammals publishes hard copies on-demand, CDs, and online peer-reviewed conservation; veterinary medicine; anatomy; physiology; training; population trends; and the effects of pollution, of pollution, conservation; veterinary medicine; anatomy; physiology; training; population trends; and the effects Topics of publication on both captive animals and wild marine mammals include aspects of husbandry; behavior; of publication on both captive animals and wild marine mammals include aspects of husbandry; behavior; Topics marine mammals (whales, dolphins, seals, fur seals, sea lions, walrus, dugongs, manatees, sea otters, and polar bears). and polar bears). marine mammals (whales, dolphins, seals, fur seals, sea lions, walrus, dugongs, manatees, sea otters, limate change, and noise. In addition, high definition DVDs of interviews with prominent marine mammal scientists. The journal also publishes Book Reviews. high definition DVDs of interviews with prominent marine mammal scientists. c Steroid Hormone Concentration to Evaluate Chronic Stress Response from Whale-Watching Vessels Whale-Watching Chronic Stress Response from Steroid Hormone Concentration to Evaluate Historical Perspectives Michael D. Scott: Beginnings K. M. Dudzinski, D. Yeater, T. Bolton, H. Eskelinen, and H. Hill: Defining Creativity and Confirming Bolton, H. Eskelinen, T. Yeater, K. M. Dudzinski, D. Perspectives Training Research and Understanding of the Concept in Dolphins: S. Teerlink, L. Horstmann, and B. Witteveen: Humpback Whale ( Humpback Witteveen: L. Horstmann, and B. Teerlink, S. E. F. Castro, M. Dassis, M. C. De León, E. Rodríguez, R. W. Davis, A. Saubidet, D. H. Rodríguez, Davis, W. M. Dassis, M. C. De León, E. Rodríguez, R. Castro, E. F. Non-Sedated Structure and Function in Healthy, Ventricular A. Díaz: Echocardiographic Left and Southern Sea Lions ( of Sweeps and Tones (3.5-4.1 kHz) Tones of Sweeps and R. A. Kastelein, L. Helder-Hoek, S. Van de Voorde, S. de Winter, S. Janssen, and M. A. Ainslie: Ainslie: A. S. Janssen, and M. Winter, S. de Voorde, de Van S. A. Kastelein, L. Helder-Hoek, R. (Phocoena phocoena Behavioral Responses of Harbor Porpoises S. J. Chivers, W. L. Perryman, M. S. Lynn, K. West, and R. L. Brownell, Jr.: “Northern” “Northern” Jr.: and R. L. Brownell, West, K. L. Perryman, M. S. Lynn, W. S. J. Chivers, Whales ( Form Short-Finned Pilot Pacific Ocean and M. Mazzoil: Titcomb, Harrington, D. Hanisak, E. T. M. Daniel, A. M. Schaefer, J. S. Reif, Relationships of Land/Ocean Biogeochemical Observatories: Vicinity the Dolphin Sightings in ...... Quality and Water with Weather in the C. J. Hernández-Camacho: Differences Aurioles-Gamboa, and Rosas-Hernández, D. M. P. of Female California Sea Lions ( Position Trophic Isotopic Niche and Conditions in Distinct Oceanographic for Scientfic Purposes for Scientfic M-A. Blanchet, M. Acquarone, M. Biuw, R. Larsen, E. S. Nordøy, and L. P. Folkow: A Life After Life A Folkow: and L. P. Nordøy, R. Larsen, E. S. M. Biuw, Acquarone, M. M-A. Blanchet, Seals ( First Release of Harp Research? Contents , Volume 44, Number 4, 2018 4, 2018 44, Number Volume , Mammals Aquatic Established by the EAAM in 1974 Aquatic Mammals

Aquatic Mammals Board of the European Association for Aquatic Mammals (EAAM) www.eaam.org The European Association for Aquatic Mammals (EAAM), the Alliance of Marine Mammal Parks President: Javier Almunia, Loro Parque Fundación, [email protected] and Aquariums (AMMPA), and the International Marine Animal Trainers’ Association (IMATA) President-Elect: Renato Lenzi, Zoomarine Rome, [email protected] jointly sponsor Aquatic Mammals (ISSN 0167-5427), published six times per year. Past President: Brad Andrews, Sea World Parks & Entertainment, past_ [email protected] Managing Editor and Copyright Secretary/Treasurer: Camino Herreros Paris, Mundomar, [email protected] Kathleen M. Dudzinski, Ph.D. Information Committee: Ann-Louise Jensen and Javier Almunia, [email protected] Mailing Address: PO Box 7485, Port St. Lucie, Florida 34985, USA; Tel: +1 (860) 514-4704 E-mail: [email protected] or [email protected] Alliance of Marine Mammal Parks and Aquariums (AMMPA) Business Manager www.ammpa.org Gina Colley, Macomb, Illinois; E-mail: [email protected] Executive Director: Kathleen Dezio E-mail: [email protected] Co-Editors Shane B. Kanatous, Ph.D., Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado Board of Directors E-mail: [email protected] President: Stewart Clark, Discovery Cove, [email protected] David A. S. Rosen, Ph.D., Marine Mammal Research Unit, University of British Columbia, Past President: Rita Irwin, Dolphin Research Center, [email protected] Vancouver, British Columbia Vice President: Travis Burke, Dolphin Discovery, [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Treasurer: Patrick Berry, Gulfarium Marine Adventure Park, [email protected] Elizabeth Henderson, Ph.D., Navy Marine Mammal Program, SPAWAR, San Diego, California Secretary: Kurt Allen, Marineland Dolphin Adventure, [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Director-at-Large: William Ziegler, CZS Brookfield Zoo, [email protected] Kristy L. Biolsi, Ph.D., Department of Psychology, St. Francis College, Brooklyn, New York Director-at-Large: Michelle Campbell, Dolphin Quest, [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Eric M. Keen, Ph.D., Marine Ecology and Telemetry Research, Seabeck, Washington International Marine Animal Trainers’ Association (IMATA) E-mail: [email protected] www.imata.org K. Douglas Krause, Ph.D., NOAA Fisheries, Antarctic Ecosystem Research Division, La Jolla, California Executive Director: William Hurley E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Book Review Editor MaryEllen Mateleska, Mystic Aquarium, Mystic, Connecticut Board of Directors E-mail: [email protected] President: Grey Stafford, Grand Canyon University, [email protected] President-Elect: Kelly Flaherty Clark, Discovery Cove, [email protected] Copy Editing and Layout Design Services Past President: Grey Stafford, Grand Canyon University, [email protected] Sandra K. Larimer and Shanee J. Sullivan, Macomb, Illinois Secretary: Erin Wise, The Mirage, [email protected] Editors Emeriti Treasurer: Sarah Bignac, Dolphin Research Center, [email protected] Willem H. Dudok van Heel, Victor J. A. Manton, Paul E. Nachtigall, Jeanette A. Thomas First Vice President: Peter Giljam, Kolmården, [email protected] Editorial Board Second Vice President: Will Elgar, Georgia Aquarium, [email protected] Arne Bjørge, Institute of Marine Research, Oslo, Norway Third Vice President: Heather Keenan, Zoo Miami, [email protected] Manuel E. dos Santos, MARE, ISPA - Instituto Universitário, Lisboa, Portugal Manuel García Hartmann, MarLab, France For subscriptions, instructions to authors, abstracts of previous issues, publication fees, hard copies, Heidi Harley, Division of Social Sciences, New College of Florida, Sarasota, Florida, USA back issues, CDs, and Historical Perspectives DVDs, see the Aquatic Mammals website: A. Rus Hoelzel, School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Durham, Durham, UK www.aquaticmammalsjournal.org Christina Lockyer, Age Dynamics, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark Lee A. Miller, Institute of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark For details about the online versions of Aquatic Mammals, see the following websites: Paul E. Nachtigall, Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, Kailua, Hawaii, USA Aquatic Mammals: www.aquaticmammalsjournal.org Dan Odell, Hubbs-SeaWorld Research Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA ProQuest: www.proquest.com (specific to library subscribers) Grey Stafford, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA Printed by Minuteman Press, 595 West Main Street, Norwich, Connecticut 06360, USA