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Dorota Metera, Jörg Hoffmann, Tomasz Pezold Study on the Impacts of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) on Protected Areas in chosen EU- Acceding Countries: Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia BfN - Skripten 100 2004 Study on the Impacts of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) on Protected Areas in chosen EU- Acceding Countries: Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia Authors: Dorota Metera Jörg Hoffmann Tomasz Pezold Cover Picture: Agriculture in the Biebrza National Park, Poland (Author: Tomasz Pezold) Authors address: IUCN Office for Central Europe Ul. Wloska 4/2 00-777 Warsaw Poland Tel/Fax: 0048 22 841 07 57 E-mail: [email protected] Editors: Division II 1.1 and II 1.3 Tel: +49-228-8491-199/242 [email protected] or [email protected] This publication is included in the literature database “DNL-online” (www.dnl-online.de) BfN-Skripten are not available in book trade. Publisher: Bundesamt für Naturschutz (BfN) Federal Agency for Nature Conservation Konstantinstrasse 110 53179 Bonn, Germany Tel.: +49 228/ 8491-0 Fax: +49 228/ 8491-200 URL: http://www.bfn.de All rights reserved by BfN The publisher takes no guarantee for correctness, details and completeness of statements and views in this report as well as no guarantee for respecting private rights of third parties. Views expressed in the papers published in this issue of BfN-Skripten are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of the publisher. No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system without written permission from the copyright owner. Printed by the printing office of the Federal Ministry of Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety. Printed on 100% recycled paper. Bonn, Germany 2004 Contents CONTENTS Preface ................................................................................................................................. 5 1. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 7 1.1. The aim of this study.................................................................................................. 9 2. Lithuania .........................................................................................................................12 2.1. Introduction to the system of nature conservation and the selected protected areas in Lithuania...................................................................................................................12 2.2. Aukstaitija National Park (ANP) ................................................................................13 2.2.1. Agricultural activities and their impact on the Aukstaitija National Park (ANP).....14 2.2.2. Tendencies in agriculture in the region:...............................................................15 2.2.3. Private ownership – involving important stakeholders.........................................17 2.2.4. Rural Development and how Pillar II measures can support the protected area..18 2.3. The Zuvintas Biosphere Reserve (ZBR)....................................................................19 2.3.1. Agricultural activities and their impact on the Zuvintas Biosphere Reserve (ZBR) .....................................................................................................................................21 2.3.2. Tendencies in agriculture in the region................................................................22 2.3.3. Rural Development and how Pillar II measures can support the protected area..23 2.3.4. Private ownership – involving important stakeholders.........................................24 2.4. Institutional co-operation between agriculture, territorial planning and protected area management in Lithuania..........................................................................................26 3. Polen ...............................................................................................................................28 3.1. Introduction to the system of nature conservation and the selected protected areas in Poland ......................................................................................................................28 3.2. Biebrza National Park ...............................................................................................33 3.2.1. Agricultural activities and their impact on the Biebrza National Park ...................35 3.2.2. Tendencies in agriculture of the region ...............................................................36 3.2.3. Institutional co-operation between agriculture and park management.................38 3.2.4. The gaps and limitations .....................................................................................39 3.2.5. Private ownership – involving important stakeholders.........................................40 3.2.6. Protection programme for BNP ...........................................................................42 3.2.7. Projects, programmes and funds ........................................................................43 3.3. The Bieszczady National Park and landscape parks: the Ciśniańsko – Wetliński Landscape Park and the San Valley Landscape Park...............................................43 3.3.1. Agricultural activities and their impact on the Landscape Parks ..........................46 3.3.2. The influence of agriculture on the Bieszczady National Park.............................47 3.3.3. Tendencies in agriculture of the region ...............................................................48 3.3.4. Tendencies in next 10 years and RDP instruments.............................................49 3.3.5. Institutional co-operation between agriculture and park management.................50 3.3.6. The gaps and limitations .....................................................................................51 3.3.7. Private ownership – involving important stakeholders.........................................51 3.3.8. Park Protection Plan ...........................................................................................52 3.3.9. Projects, programmes and funds ........................................................................52 3.4. Wigry National Park ..................................................................................................53 3.4.1. Agricultural activities and their impact on the Wigry National Park ......................53 3.4.2. Tendencies of agriculture in the region ...............................................................54 3.4.3. Tendencies in next 10 years and RDP instruments.............................................55 3.4.4. Institutional co-operation between agriculture and park management.................56 3.4.5. The gaps and limitations .....................................................................................57 3.4.6. Private ownership – involving important stakeholders.........................................57 3.4.7. Protection plan of the Wigierski National Park (WNP).........................................57 3.4.8. Projects, programmes and funds ........................................................................58 4. Slovakia...........................................................................................................................59 4.1. Introduction to the system of nature conservation and the selected protected areas in Slovakia....................................................................................................................59 3 Contents 4.2 Malá Fatra National Park ..........................................................................................62 4.3. Slovenský Raj National Park (SRNP)........................................................................63 4.4. Agricultural activities and their impact on the Malá Fatra and Slovenský Raj National Parks (MFNP and SRNP) .........................................................................................65 4.5. Tendencies in agriculture in the region of Malá Fatra National Park (MFNP) and Slovenský Raj National Park (SRNP)........................................................................66 4.6. Private ownership – involving important stakeholders...............................................68 4.7. Rural Development and how Pillar II measures can support protected areas............69 4.8. Gaps and limitations .................................................................................................70 5. Agriculture in selected protected areas (PAs) – possible future changes.................72 5.1. Overview of planned CAP instruments that will be implemented in the time frame 2004-2006. ...............................................................................................................72 5.1.1. Area payments...................................................................................................72 5.1.2. Instruments of the Rural Development Regulation ..............................................73 5.2. Assessment of the applicability of Common Agricultural Policy instruments in and outside Protected Areas and their impact on the state of biodiversity, especially how far agri-environmental programmes will be used to finance nature protection measures..................................................................................................................74 5.3.