Air knife-Belt-cleaning system that applications, as well as in the directs a stream of air to shear off carcass of conveyor belting. carryback. Arc of contact-The circumferential Air-supported conveyor-A conveyor portion of a pulley engaged by a that uses a conventional belt, belt. (877)-544-BELT pulleys, and drive but is supported on its carrying side by a thin film of ASME-Acronym for American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Glossary air instead of idlers. Aspect ratio-A ratio of comparing Air-to-media ratio-Used to describe the thickness of the top and bottom A dust-collection filters, the air-to- media ratio is the flow of air in cubic covers of a belt. 3 Abrasion-Wearing away by friction, meters per second (ft /min) divided ASTM-Acronym for American as by rubbing or scraping. by the area of filtration media in Society for Testing and Materials. square meters (ft2). Access door-Point of entry into an B enclosed area, typically with a Amplitude-Half the extent of a vibration, oscillation, or wave; the method of closure. Backstop-A mechanical or electric measurement above or below the braking device used to prevent a Active dust collection-See dust- base or centerline. loaded, inclined conveyor belt from collection system. Anemometer-Device used to rolling backwards if the motor Adhesion-The bonding strength measure air velocity. stops. Also referred to as a between two materials. “holdback clutch” or “clutch brake.” Angle of attack-The angle at which Aeration device-Device mounted a cleaning blade is placed against Back welding-A method of welding inside a vessel that adds low the belt. in which at each weld, the bead is pressure/high-volume air to drawn back toward the welded end. materials that have become Angle of repose-The angle or slope Backstep welding-A weld applied to compacted and hard to allow them that a conveyed material will the back side of the joint; commonly to flow efficiently again, sometimes assume when discharged onto an called back welding. called aeration diffusers, pads, or open pile. nozzles. ANSI-Acronym for American Baghouse-A closed structure that contains a set of filter bags to Agglomeration-Process or act of National Standards Institute capture airborne dust. gathering into a mass; creating Apron feeder-A series of larger, heavier, groupings of overlapping metal plates mounted Beater bar-A device (usually a roller particles. on a rotating chain that are used to device with an external bar) which strikes another object with the Aging-The exposure to an transport heavy, lumpy, or abrasive object of removing material environment for a period of time. material. accumulation. Air cannon-A device that uses AR plate-Abrasion-resistant steel Bed-Some variety of low-friction periodic blasts of compressed air to plate commonly used for wear liner bars or other flat surface to support clear away material buildup inside at transfer points. the belt profile instead of using an pipes or transfer chutes. Aramid fibers-A class of strong, idler’s rolling “cans.” heat-resistant synthetic fibers used in aerospace and military Belt clamp-Beams or metal plates Belt grade-A classification of belt Belt-support system-The secured transversely across both cover based on its properties, components below the carrying side belt ends to hold them in a desired designed to provide a reference for of the belt that support the weight position. end users as to what belts to use in of belting and cargo. different applications. Belt cleaner-A device that uses one Belt tracking-The actions a person or more tensioned blades mounted Belt modulus-The force per unit takes to get the belt to track on a supporting structure to remove width of belt required to produce a consistently. material that clings to the carrying stated percentage of elongation. Belt training-The actions a person surface of a conveyor belt beyond Belt profile-The shape of the belt, takes to get the belt to track the normal discharge point. particularly its upper (carrying) consistently. Belt-cleaner effect-Where the surface. Belt-cleaner blade-The element of a pressure of a sealing system against Belt runout-A condition where a belt cleaner that comes into contact the belt removes residual material conveyor belt moves too far to with the belt. from the belt surface, as when the either side of its properly-centered tail seal removes material from the path; also referred to belt Bend pulley-A pulley used to belt where it enters the loading change the direction (or “bend”) of “mistracking” or “wander.” zone. a conveyor belt. Belt sag-The vertical deflection of a Belt-cleaning system-A belt cleaner, Bias cut-A cut of the belt ends made conveyor belt from a straight line or a group of belt cleaners and between idlers, usually expressed as diagonally, that is at an angle less associated equipment (such as than 90 degrees (usually 22°) to the a percentage of the center spacing mounts and tensioners), as located longitudinal axis. of the idlers. on one conveyor. Blockout-A safety procedure Belt slip-The speed differential Belt conveyor-A flexible rubber between the belt and pulley involving the prevention of a system endless belt, looped over a from moving by physically holding it surface. framework of rollers and pulleys, in position. that is used to transport material Belt slip switch-A switch that shuts from a load zone to a discharge down a conveyor drive motor when Boilover-A problem where material overflows the chute, caused by point. it senses the belt moving at a slower chute blockages. speed than the drive pulley. Belt fastener-A mechanical device Booster drive-Used in some long for holding two ends of a conveyor Belt stretch-The increase in belt belt together. length that takes place when conveyors to reduce the power/tension at the drive pulley. Belt feeder-A short, flat, variable- tension is imposed. Elastic stretch is a temporary change in length that speed conveyor belt used to Bottom cover-The non-carrying belt varies directly with the pull. transfer, or “feed,” material from side towards the pulleys. Permanent stretch is the residual one component to another in a change in length after tension has Boundary friction-See interface material transport system. The been removed; it generally friction. material feed rate can be adjusted accumulates over a period of time. by speeding up or slowing down the Bow-A concave curve of the belt. belt. Belt-support cradles-A method of Breaker, breaker fabric-An extra ply belt support without rolling Belt flap-An up and down oscillation incorporated in the belt carcass for components, using slider or impact of a belt between idlers. shock-absorption. beds. Brush cleaner-A belt-cleaning Carrying run-The upper run of a is transferred from one piece of device that uses a rotating brush to conveyor belt used to transport equipment to another. clean carryback material from the material from a load zone to a Chute wall-The walls of the loading return run of a conveyor belt. discharge point. chute and sometimes the transfer- Carrying side-The side of the point skirtboard. conveyor or belting that would contact the material cargo. Chutewall-See Skirtboard. Classifier-A piece of equipment C Catenary idler-A flexible idler set used to sort and separate material where the rollers are suspended on by size. CAD-Acronym for Computer-Aided a flexible link, rope, or chain Design. structure and the ends are Cleaner-A device for removing supported in pivoted stands. The Camber-A convex curve of the belt adherent material from the belt. tube or rollers sag to form the (see bow). trough. Also called a Garland idler. Cleat, cleated belt-Objects on or Cantilever-A projecting beam or raised sections of a conveyor belt, CEMA-Acronym for Conveyor structure supported at one end. used to stabilize material carried up Equipment Manufacturers an incline. Capacity-The maximum material Association. load on the belt, cargo, or CMMS-Acronym for computerized Center-to-center-The distance throughput. maintenance-management system, between the center of two pulleys a system that tracks maintenance Capture velocity-The amount of air or idlers. Sometimes also called work and its costs. speed required to gather an centers or center distance. airborne dust particle into a dust- Coefficient of friction-The ratio of Ceramic-faced wear liner-A lining collection system. the force required to slide two using ceramic blocks or tiles for surfaces to the force pressing them Carcass-The fabric, cord and/or improved resistance to abrasion. together; equal to the tangent of metal reinforcing section of a belt, the interface friction angle. CFM or cfm-Abbreviation for “cubic as distinguished from the rubber feet-per-minute” in airflow cover. Cohesion-A material’s internal calculations. strength. CARP-Acronym for “Constant Angle Chamfer-To cut at an angle, as a Radial Pressure,” a belt-cleaning Cold splice-A type of belt splice in bevel. blade design concept to maintaining which the layers of a conveyor belt are overlapped and bonded cleaning angle as the blade wears. Chatter, blade chatter-The rapid together with an adhesive vibration of a belt cleaner that is not Carryback-Conveyed material that compound. aligned properly with a conveyor clings to the surface of a belt past belt. the nominal discharge point. If not Concave-Curved inward; bow is a concave curve in the belt. removed by a belt-cleaning system, Chevron, chevron belt-A V-shaped these particles become dislodged ridge on the carrying side of a belt Confined space-A potentially along the return run and pile up to keep material from rolling down hazardous enclosed area; access is beneath the belt. an incline. usually controlled by safety regulations. Carrying idler-Any type of idler that Chute, chutework-An enclosure supports the load-carrying run of a that is used to contain material as it Consolidated bulk density (ρ2)-The conveyor belt. density of a body of a bulk material after it has been subjected to a Crusher-A piece of equipment used Deflector-A metal plate installed in compressive force (F) or vibratory to crush or shatter larger pieces of a transfer point to change the energy, sometimes called vibrated material into smaller ones. trajectory of material flow. bulk density. Crust breaker-A cleaning edge Delamination-The separation of Convex-Curved outward; camber is installed on the head pulley just layers of material. a convex curve of the belt. below the material trajectory so it is close to, but does not touch, the DEM-Acronym for Discrete Element Conveyor-A piece of equipment Modeling, a computer-based belt; serves as a doctor blade to designed to carry material from one technique to analyze and limit the amount of material that point to another along a demonstrate the movement of gets through to the conventional predetermined path. individual particles in or through a pre-cleaner installed just below. structure. Conveyor belt-A length of flexible Cupping-The action of the edges of rubber belt that is stretched over a Density-The ratio of the mass of a a belt curving upward on the framework of rollers and pulleys body to its volume or the mass per carrying run and downward on the and then made into a single piece unit volume of the substance. For return run. Also referred to as belt by splicing its two ends together. practical purposes, density and “curl.” specific gravity may be regarded as Counterweight-The weight applied Cut edge-The uncovered edge of a equivalent. to a conveyor belt gravity take-up belt, created by slitting the desired assembly to maintain proper belt Diagonal plow-A device placed at width from wider belting. tension. an angle across the surface of a Cyclone-A high-velocity conveyor belt to deflect material off Cover-The outer layer of belting. “whirlwind”-type device that uses to one side. Also, the lid or roofing structure to centrifugal force to separate dust protect conveyor and materials DIN-Acronym for Deutsches Institut particles from the air. from exposure to elements and limit für Normung, the German Institute release of material. D for Standardization, which develops norms and standards for industry. Creep-The action of a belt dBA-Acronym for decibel A scale, a DIN standards are used alternately losing speed on the measurement of sound intensity. internationally, but still most driving pulley and gaining speed on commonly in Europe. the driven pulley. Deck, decking, deck plate-A barrier plate located between the Discharge-The point where material Creeper drive-An auxiliary motor conveyor’s stringers to prevent exits from a conveyor or other and gearbox that is designed to material from spilling off the component in a material handling operate a piece of equipment at a carrying run onto the return run. system. very slow speed. Also referred to as Also referred to as “belt pans.” a “pony drive.” Disk idler-An idler that uses a series Deflector wear liner-A liner of cushioned disks to support a Crown-The difference between the installed inside the skirtboard that conveyor belt. diameter of a pulley at its center incorporates a bend toward the and at its rims. Displaced air-The air that is pushed center of the belt, which channels out of the chute when the chute is Crowned pulley-A pulley with a material away from the belt edge loaded, equal to the volume of greater diameter at the center, or and sealing system. materials placed in to the chute. other points, than at the edges. Diversion plow-A retractable plow that can be lowered to the carrying surface of a belt to divert material Dust curtains-Segmented rubber or Electrical conductivity-A measure of off of a conveyor ahead of the plastic curtains (baffles) suspended how well a material accommodates normal discharge point. inside an enclosed duct that are the transport of electric charge, used to slow down airflow and measured in Ohm (Ω). Downstream-In the direction of the allow airborne dust to settle back places that the belt has not yet Elongation-An increase in length, into the material stream on a reached, or toward the discharge of usually expressed as a percentage of conveyor belt before it exits its load the conveyor or system. initial length. zone. Drag conveyor-Material-handling End stop-A clamp equipped with a Dust-suppression system(s)-A dust- system using bars or plates on a set screw that is used to secure control system using water or chain to pull the cargo to the blades in position on a belt-cleaner enhanced water to reduce the discharge point. mainframe. escape of airborne particulates. Dribble chute-An angled chute Entrapment damage-A groove worn Dynamometer-An apparatus positioned under the head end of a into the surface of a belt by material capable of inducing various loads conveyor belt to catch any material trapped between the moving belt for evaluation of dynamic belting that may fall off the return side and and the skirtboard and/or sealing properties. drop it into the discharge stream. system.

Drive-An arrangement of electrical E Entrapment point(s)-A point where and mechanical components that the two surfaces will allow a Edge damage-Tears and rips along provide motive power to a conveyor material lump to become wedged. the edge of a conveyor belt. or other piece of equipment. Entry, entry point-The point beyond Edge distance-Dimension between Drive pulley-The pulley connected the tail pulley where a conveyor belt the outside of the skirtboard and to the drive mechanism of a passes into the load zone. the edge of the belt. conveyor belt. EPA-Acronym for Environmental Edge sealing-See seal. Drum pulley-A pulley that is of Protection Agency, a branch of the uniform diameter from side to side. Edge-sealing strip(s)-See sealing United States government. strips. Durometer-A device that measures Exit, exit point-The area of a load the hardness of a flexible material Effective belt width-The zone where the skirtboards come to (such as an elastomer), measurement of the horizontal an end and the main carrying run of accomplished by measuring the width of a troughed conveyor belt the conveyor begins. resistance to the penetration of an that is measured across the indenter point. dimension parallel to the bottom F roller. Dust bags-Specially designed air- Fatigue-The weakening of a permeable filter bags that trap and Effluent-The outflow of water (with material occurring when repeated collect airborne dust from a material solids) exiting a belt- application of stress causes material handling system. washing system. permanent strain.

Dust-collection system(s)-A Elastomer-A polymer having elastic FEA-Acronym for Finite Element mechanical system used to remove properties resembling natural Analysis, a computerized numerical dust from the air in a material rubber; typically rubbers or analysis technique used for solving transport system. urethanes. differential equations to primarily solve mechanical engineering problems relating to stress analysis, Flight conveyor-A type of conveyor Gauge-The thickness of a belt or of used in bulk-material handling in that uses spaced cleats or scrapers its individual elements. the design of conveyors and (flights) to move material from one Generated air-Airflow produced by transfers. point to another through a rotating devices that feed the channeled chute. Feed rate-The amount of material conveyor load zone. flow that is being transferred on a Flop gate-A pivoted metal plate that conveyor at any given time, usually can be moved or “flopped” to feed Gouging-The effect of sharp heavy material falling onto a conveyor belt expressed in “tons per hour” (t/h or material to either of two different cover to damage the surface or tear st/h). discharge points. out pieces of the cover. Feeder-A device that regulates the Flow aid-Device or method to flow of material from a bin or promote the flow of materials Grade of belting-A classification of belt cover based on its properties; storage hopper to a conveyor or through chutes, including both designed to provide a reference for other piece of equipment. linear and rotary vibrators, air end users as to what belts to use in cannons, aeration systems, chute Feeder belt-A belt that discharges different applications. linings, and soft chute designs. material onto another conveyor Gravity take-up-A device that belt. Flush, flush-through-An adjusts for stretch or shrinkage by uncontrolled surge of material Field-trimmed-Cut to the proper using a weighted pulley to maintain through a material handling system size at the point of application (as tension on the belt. component. opposed to being cut at the Grizzly-A series of metal bars or factory). Footprint-Projected or actual area grids that are spaced apart to allow occupied on the ground. Fines-Small particles of material. small lumps and fines to fall directly Free-belt edge distance-The non- through while passing larger lumps Finger splice-A joint of the belt load carrying portion of the belt’s on to crushing or breaking where the two ends are cut into a width, toward the belt edges, equipment. number of narrow triangular typically where the skirtboard- “fingers” which are interlaced. Grooving-See entrapment damage. sealing system is applied. Flanged pulley-A pulley with a Guards, guarding-Barriers to Friction-The resistance to motion raised rim at the edges for the prevent the entry of personnel into due to the contact of surfaces. purpose of keeping the belt potentially-hazardous areas or contained. Fugitive material-Any stray material equipment. that escapes from a material Flat belt-A conveyor belt that Guide roller-A small outrigger roll handling system at a place other carries its cargo without being on a self-aligning idler. When a than its normal discharge point, troughed. conveyor belt mistracks into the might originate as carryback, guide roll, it causes the pivoted spillage, or airborne dust or from Flat idler-An idler where the steering rolls to turn inward and supported belt is flat. other causes. force the belt back onto centerline. Flat roller-See flat idler. Full-trough pulley-A tail pulley Gusset-A triangular insert for installed so its top is in line with the enlarging or supporting. Flex cracking-A cracking of the top of the center rolls on the first surface resulting from repeated fully-troughed idlers. flexing or bending. H G Half-trough pulley-A tail pulley Holdup roller-An idler that is used material impact in the load zone of installed so its top surface is in line to increase the effectiveness of a a conveyor belt. with the midpoint of the wing rolls tail protection plow by applying Impact resistance-The relative on the first fully-troughed idlers, pressure upward to hold the belt ability of a conveyor belt assembly typically used to shorten the flat. to absorb impact loading without conveyor’s required transition Hood-A curved deflector installed at damage to the belt. distance. the discharge of a conveyor to Induced air-Air pulled into the voids Hammermill-A type of crusher using direct and confine the moving created as the material stream multiple rotating hammers material stream so it flows smoothly expands as it leaves the head pulley. mounted on a central shaft to bread and with minimal induced air. hard, lumpy materials such as coal Hydrophobic-Having a high surface Insertable, insertable dust or limestone into smaller sizes. collector, insertable dust filter-A tension and averse to combining dust-collection system composed of Hardness-Degree of resistance to with water. filters designed to be incorporated indentation. Hygroscopic-Able to absorb inside the enclosure of a transfer Head-The discharge end of a moisture from the air. point or other dust source. conveyor belt. Interface friction (Ɵ)-The friction Head load-Pressure from a load on between the bulk material and the top of an object, such as the weight I surface(s) that will be in contact of the material in a vessel above a with it (e.g. chutewall and belt); can belt. Idler-A non-powered rolling be determined with a shear cell and component used to support a a sample of the actual interface Head pulley-The terminal pulley conveyor belt on either the carrying material; sometimes referred to as located at the discharge point of a run or the return run. wall friction or boundary friction. conveyor belt. On many conveyors, the head pulley is coupled to the Idler-junction failure-See junction- Intermediate idlers-Idlers placed drive motor to power the conveyor. joint damage. between impact beds or slider beds to support a conveyor belt when Heeling-Entrapment point caused Impact-The striking of one body material is not being loaded. by mounting a pre-cleaner against another; collision. The force mainframe too close to the head or impetus transmitted by a Internal friction angle-The angle at pulley. collision. which the particles within a bulk material slide over one another Hold-down roller-An idler used to Impact bed, impact cradle-A series within a pile, or failure due to of cushioned bars used to absorb keep a conveyor belt from raising shearing. up, as when traveling unloaded, or loading forces under a conveyor belt used to apply downward pressure load zone. ISO-A universal short form of the on the return run of a conveyor belt name of the International Impact grid-A series of metal bars to maintain cleaning efficiency by Organization for Standardization mounted in a conveyor discharge preventing cleaning pressure from adopted from the Greek word chute at the point where the changing the belt’s line of travel. “isos,” meaning equal. material impacts the wall, to reduce Also referred to as a “pressure wear on the chute liner. roller.” J Impact idler-A specially constructed Holdback-See backstop. idler designed to cushion forces of Jog switch-A manual start switch located near the discharge end of a conveyor used to “jog” or “bump” Lateral misalignment-The offset of Longitudinal-In reference to a the belt for short distances for pulleys, idlers, or structure from a conveyor belt, a lengthwise testing purposes or to gradually designated longitudinal reference direction that runs parallel with the empty the belt of overloaded line. centerline. material. Leakage-Material that has escaped Loose bulk density-The weight per Joint-The connection of two belt from the material handling system, unit of volume of a bulk solid, ends. spilling from the sides or falling or measured when a sample is in a expelled from openings. loose or non-compacted condition, Junction joint-The area between (ρ1). the wing roll and center roll on a set Lift-The vertical distance bulk of troughing idlers. material is moved on a conveyor; LRR-Acronym for Low Rolling the change in height from one end Resistance, a proprietary rubber Junction-joint damage, junction- of the conveyor to the other end. formulation. joint failure-A longitudinal splitting or cracking in a belt caused by Limit switch-An electrical switch M insufficient transition distance used to shut off the drive or between the tail pulley and the load actuator of a system component Magnetic pulley-A pulley equipped zone for the type of belt being used such as a flop gate once it reaches a with a permanent or electromagnet, and/or an idler-junction gap of predetermined set point. used to remove tramp iron from the more than 10 mm (0.4 in.) or twice material cargo carried on or Linear tensioner-A type of tensioner the belt thickness. discharged from the conveyor. that applies direct upward pressure K to a belt cleaner. Magnetic separator-A device that uses magnetic attraction to pull Liner-Material placed on the inside Kicker plate-Deflector to steer the metal scraps, known as “tramp surfaces of an enclosure or vessel, flow of material after it leaves the iron,” out of the material stream on usually to preserve the enclosure by first point of contact with the a conveyor. reducing wear. transfer chute. Mainframe-The main structural Load out-Area at the discharge of a Knocking-The process of manually support of a belt cleaner upon conveyor where material can be adjusting the cross-structure angle which the blades are mounted. temporarily stored or loaded of conveyor belt idlers to train a belt directly onto a device for transport Mandrel-A central shaft used for to centerline, accomplished by to another destination. mounting and lateral adjustment of moving one end of the idler slightly a belt-cleaner mainframe. forward or back. Load zone, loading zone-The receiving point where material is Manometer-A device used for KPIs-Acronym for key performance dropped or fed onto a conveyor. measuring the pressure of gases or indicators, performance liquids; on conveyors, used for measurements used as metrics to Loading chute-The enclosure that measuring air flow. measure organizational success. places the cargo onto the belt. Maximum tension-The highest Lockout-A safety precaution of L tension occurring in any portion of placing a padlock or other control the belt under operating conditions. Lagging-A rubber, fabric, or ceramic on stored energy sources, the covering applied to a pulley shell to power supply, or control circuit of a Mechanical dust collection-Active improve belt traction against the machine to prevent its premature dust-collection system, typically pulley. resumption of operation or unexpected released energy. using fans pulling air through of belt travel; also known as the dust by utilizing efficient transfer- ductwork to a filtration system. scraping orientation. point design and airflow control rather than mechanical devices. Mechanical fastener-A system used O to join the ends of belting, typically Peeling angle-When a cleaner blade involving screws or rivets to attach Offset idlers-A troughing idler set is tilted in opposition to the plates connecting the two ends. where the wing rollers are in a direction of belt travel; also known vertical plane different from, but as positive-rake angle. Mechanical splice-A type of splice in parallel to, the center roller. This which mechanical fasteners are Pelletizer-A device to form pellets permits the wing rollers to overlap used to connect the two ends of a (small lumps) from fines or dust. the central roller, improving belt belt. support; may also reduce the height Permanent stretch-A change in Minimum pulley diameter-The of the idler set. length of a belt seen after tension minimum pulley size (usually to has been removed; this additional Oil resistant-Able to withstand any prevent damage) for a particular length generally accumulates over a deterioration of physical properties belt as specified by the belting’s period of time. arising from interaction with manufacturer. petroleum. Picking idlers-A type of troughing Misalignment switch-A limit switch idler set with narrow wing rolls and Operating tension-The tension of a mounted along the edge of a a wide center roll. Idlers of this type belt while running with a material conveyor belt that will shut the are generally used for material that load. drive motor down if the belt tracks must be picked or sorted as it is too far to either side of its normal OSHA-Occupational Safety & Health conveyed. centered path. Administration, in the United States Pickup velocity-The speed at which an agency of the United States Mistracking-The off-center travel of air moving over a bed of a given Department of Labor; the main a conveyor belt. material can pick up dust off the federal agency charged with the surface and carry it away, typically Molded edge-A solid rubber belt enforcement of safety and health in the range of 1,0 to 1,25 meter per edge formed in a mold, where the legislation. second (200 to 250 ft/min). belt has been manufactured to a Outrigger-A projection extending specific width, rather than slit from Pillow block-A journal bearing laterally beyond the main structure a wider piece. enclosed in a bolt-on housing that is of a vessel, aircraft, or machine, used to mount pulleys to a conveyor Mooning-Uneven wear on a pre- usually for added stability. stringer. cleaner blade that results from Ozone cracking-Cracks in the belt positioning the cleaner mainframe Pinch point-A point where a surface caused by exposure to an too far out from the head pulley. machine element moving inline atmosphere containing ozone. meets a rotating element in such a MSHA-Mine Safety and Health manner it is possible to nip, or Administration, a unit of the US P entrap, a person or object between Department of Labor. the members. Particulates-Fine solid or liquid N (other than water) particles found in Pitot tubes-A pressure the air, including dust, smoke, and measurement instrument used to Negative rake-Cleaning blades pollen. measure the velocity of fluid flow. inclined at an angle in the direction Passive dust collection-A dust- collection system that minimizes PIW-Abbreviation for Pounds per Pre-cleaner-A belt cleaner installed point will shut down the conveyor Inch Width, a measurement of a on the face of a head pulley to shear system. belt’s rated capacity for tension. off the bulk of any carryback Pulley-A rotating cylinder mounted clinging to the belt; primary cleaner. PLC-See programmable logic on a central shaft that is used to controller. Press-A machine that applies drive, change direction of, or pressure consistently across its maintain tension on a conveyor Plenum-An enclosure in which surfaces, used for belt splices. belt. pressurized air is distributed. Pressure roller-A roller installed to Pulley-protection plow-A plow Plow-A device stationed across the keep the belt in proper position, as installed so the belt passes under it path of a conveyor to discharge or above a belt cleaner. immediately before the belt enters deflect material. a pulley (usually, the tail pulley). Primary, primary cleaner-A pre- Plug welding-A type of joint made The plow removes material from cleaner; that is, a belt cleaner by welding one part to another the belt to prevent damage to the installed on the face of a head through a circular hole in the top pulley and belt by entrapment of pulley below the material trajectory material between the two. part. to shear off the bulk of any Pluggage-The blocking of the carryback material clinging to the Pulley wrap-The total area of discharge of a chute or hopper. belt. The primary cleaning position contact where a belt wraps in an arc is on the face of the head pulley around the surface of a pulley. Ply, plies-A layer of fabric used in below the trajectory. the carcass of a belt. Pulverizer-A mechanical device Primary position-The area around used to grind material down to a Pocket belt-A belt where pockets, the discharge pulley where primary fine powder consistency. A ball mill formed by the addition of raised belt cleaners are usually installed. uses heavy steel balls that roll cleats and flexible sidewalls, are between counter rotating faces to Profile rip-A form of belt damage to used to carry the cargo; commonly crush the material. seen in high-angle applications. the belt, with a rip running from the edge toward the center. PVC-Acronym for polyvinyl chloride, Positive pressure-The outward flow a material used in the construction Programmable logic controller of air from the transfer point or of some conveyor belting. other structure. (PLC)-A centralized computer system that controls a system’s Q Positive rake-In belt cleaning, a operation and monitoring by blade tilted in opposition to the communicating with remote R direction of belt travel; also known input/output circuit boards for each as peeling angle. individual system component. Radial tensioner-A tensioner that Pooling-Material that piles up on a Pug mill-Industrial processing transmits torque through a pivoted belt at the load zone until it reaches machine in which material is extension or torsion spring to a belt belt speed and can be carried away. simultaneously ground and mixed cleaner. with a liquid. PPEs-Personal protective Rated tension-The minimum equipment, equipment and attire Pull-cord stop switch-A cable breaking strength of a belt in such as a hard hat, safety glasses, running along the length of a newtons per millimeter (lbf/in.) of hearing protection, respirators, and conveyor, connected to one or belt width, as specified by the steel-toe shoes. more switches. In an emergency, a belting manufacturer. In the USA manual pull of the cable at any sometimes used as a term for the working tension. Reclaim system-A material handling Reversing conveyor-A type of conveyor, running backward when system used to recover and conveyor that can carry material the power is shutoff while the belt is transport material from a stockpile longitudinally in either direction. loaded. area to a point where it will be Ribs-See cleats. Rolling component(s)-The idlers processed or consumed. and pulleys (and other rotating Rip detector-A system in which an Regenerative conveyor-A conveyor components) of a conveyor system. that discharges at a substantially electrical conductor is built into the plies of a conveyor belt that will ROM-Run-of-mine, the raw mined lower altitude than the tail (so it shut the drive motor down if the material that comes directly from conveys material downhill), belt becomes torn. the extraction operation prior to producing electricity rather than crushing, screening, or other consuming it. RMA-Acronym for Rubber treatment. Manufacturing Association, Inc. Relief-A mechanism that allows an Run-The distance or route covered item (a cleaner blade, for example) Rock box-A ledge or shelf inside a by a conveyor belt. to move away from an obstruction transfer chute where material is to (a mechanical splice, for example). accumulate. This allows subsequent S These could include springs in the material to impact on the cleaning-system tensioner. accumulated material rather than Sacrificial surface-A wear surface against the chute, extending the life Relieving angle-An incline or that is installed to protect a more of the walls. opening of surfaces that will allow valuable structure by absorbing, cushioning, or isolating the material to be pulled free by the Rock ladder-A series of rock boxes abrasion, impact, or other forces. action of the belt, rather than that slow down the velocity of become more tightly wedged. material by cascading it back and Saddle-An additional short length of forth between ledges. Residual surfactant-A dust- belting added to an existing conveyor belt. suppression additive that will Rockwell hardness (or scale)-A continue its agglomeration effect scale for evaluating the hardness Safety cable-A restraint used as a even after the moisture evaporates; scale of materials, as determined by safety measure to prevent the fall of also called a binder suppressant. measuring the depth of penetration an overhead device in the event of Return idler-An idler used to of an indenter. Different scales are the failure of its mounting system. denoted by a single letter; “B” and support the empty, return side of a “C” are the most common. Safety factor-The fraction of a conveyor belt. structure’s capability over that ROI-Return on investment or Return run, return side-The side of which is truly required, or a a conveyor belt that does not carry payback. multiplier applied to the maximum expected load (force, torque, cargo, after the discharge, as the Roll crusher-A mechanical device bending moment, or a combination) belt returns to the loading zone. that uses a heavy, rotating metal to which a component or assembly drum equipped with teeth or cogs Reverse-jet-A method of cleaning will be subjected. filters in a baghouse; bags are inside a screened enclosure to crush hard materials. cleaned by discharging a burst of Sampler-A mechanical device used to collect small amounts of material compressed air into the bags at the Rollback-Stray pieces of material at preset intervals from the main top; the compressed-air burst flexes that roll and bounce backward material stream for testing or the bag wall and breaks the dust down an inclined belt after material quality-control purposes. cake off so it falls into the collection flow has been shut off. Or, the hopper. downhill motion of an inclined Scab plate-A piece of metal plate remaining carryback fines that were Skirtboard-The vertical or inclined used to patch over a hole in the wall not removed by the pre-cleaner plates extending out from a of an enclosure such as a transfer blade. conveyor’s loading point and chute. installed closely above the belt to Secondary position-Position for a confine the conveyed material. Scavenger conveyor-A small belt cleaner, between the point conveyor or vibrating chute where the belt leaves the head Skirtboard seal, skirting seal-The positioned beneath the head of a pulley and where it contacts the mechanism (often a strip of larger conveyor to capture first snub or bend pulley or return elastomer) installed along the carryback or material drop-off from idler. bottom of the transfer point’s a belt-cleaning system and return skirtboard to control spillage and Segregation-The accidental or the discharge to the main material keep material on the belt. undesired separation of a material stream. by size. Skirted area-The area of the Scraping angle, scraping position-A transfer point that is enclosed Self-aligning idlers-Idlers that can belt cleaner installed so its blade(s) within the skirtboard; the area of swivel to the left or right under the are tilted in the direction of belt the transfer point from the loading influence of the forces of the travel; also known as negative-rake point through the exit. angle. moving belt to keep the belt traveling on the centerline. Skive-To remove some (or all) of a Screw conveyor-A type of conveyor belt’s top cover to recess a Settling zone-An enlarged portion that uses a rotating auger inside an mechanical splice; the process of of the covered skirtboard area past enclosed tube to convey material countersinking the fasteners in a from one point to another. the loading zone’s impact area; the mechanical splice closer to the belt extra volume designed to slow the carcass to keep the top of the Screw take-up-A mechanical take- airflow and allow airborne dust to fasteners parallel with the surface up to apply tension to a conveyor return to the main material cargo of the belt. belt in which movement of a pulley- and cleaner air to escape; also bearing block is accomplished by called a stilling zone. Slack-side tension-The area of least means of a screw. tension on a conveyor belt; the low- Shear cell test-Test to drive flow tension areas will vary on the Seal-Method to prevent spillage by properties of a bulk material by location of the snub and take-up containing the fines and dust at the measuring the force to shear the pulleys; they are completely edge of the skirtboard. bulk material. dependent on the individual Sealing strip(s)-The elastomer Side-loading forces-Pressure conveyor and must be identified for material installed between the resulting from the energy and each application. skirtboard and the belt to prevent weight of material pushing outward Slider bar-A low-friction bar, spillage. from the center. typically used in the construction of Sealing system-Elastomer seal and Side-support cradles-Belt support a slider bed belt-support cradle. clamping mechanism at the edge of system using slider bars under the Slider bed-A series of longitudinal the skirtboard to contain dust and skirtboard, to provide a consistent bars assembled in a cradle and fines and prevent spillage. and sealable surface for the sides of placed beneath a conveyor load the belt. Secondary belt cleaner, secondary zone to provide a continuous cleaner-A belt cleaner mounted Skim coat-A thin layer of rubber surface for a loaded belt to ride on. beneath the return side of a material laid on a fabric but not Slider bed conveyor-A conveyor conveyor belt to remove any forced into the weave. using some variety of low-friction bars or other flat surface, rather Squeegee blade-A soft urethane Stitch welding-A metal joining than idlers, to support the belt. blade that wipes the belt to remove technique using a series of spaced water from the belt. welds, with intervals between the Slip, slippage-The speed differential welds. between the belt and the pulley Stacker conveyor-A conveyor used surface. to “stack” or drop material onto a STP-Acronym for Standard stockpile or lowering well. A stacker Temperature and Pressure; Snub, snub pulley-A small pulley conveyor can be “fixed,” to drop 0°C/32°F, 1 atmosphere used to increase the wrap area of a material into a single location, or (101.325kPa) (1 atmosphere of conveyor belt around a head or tail “rotating,” to spread the material in absolute pressure). pulley for improved traction. a sweeping motion over a wider Straight face pulley-A pulley with a area. Spillage-Lost material that has fallen flat surface with no crown. from the side(s) of the conveyor Stacker/reclaimer-A boom belt; typically in the load zone, but Stringer-The longitudinal supporting mounted conveyor equipped with a can occur at any point along the members of a conveyor structure, rotating bucket wheel that can conveyor; a general term for all between the terminal pulleys. “stack” or drop material onto a fugitive material. stockpile for storage or reverse Surcharge angle-The angle to the Spiral-wrapped pulley-A wing direction and reclaim the material horizontal which the surface of a pulley that is wrapped with a steel from the stockpile to another body of material assumes while the band in a spiral pattern to reduce destination. material is at rest on a moving belt vibration while still maintaining conveyor belt. This angle usually is Stackout system-A series of the self-cleaning function of the conveyors designed to carry 5° to 15° less than the angle of pulley. repose, though in some materials it material out onto a storage area. may be as much as 20° less. Splice-The joint where two ends or Stahura Carryback Gauge-A method two pieces of belting are joined Surfactant-A surface-acting agent. to measure carryback utilizing a together to provide a continuous In dust suppression, this is an collection pan with scraper blades loop. additive that is combined with held against the return side of a water in a spray or fog to assist in Splice allowance-Additional belting moving belt to capture residual the capture of airborne dust. required to allow a splice to be material; developed by belt- installed. cleaning pioneer Dick Stahura. Swinderman Scale of Fugitive Materials-A scoring system that Splice angle-The angle across the Steering rolls-A set of rollers (or a assigns values to a system’s top of the belt at which two pieces set of troughed idlers) mounted on performance in control of fugitive a pivot that can swivel left or right of belt are joined. materials for dust, spillage, and to steer a mistracking conveyor belt carryback. Spoon-A curved trough at the toward centerline. bottom of a transfer chute that directs the placement of the stream Stepped splice-A type of splice in T of material onto the receiving belt. multi-ply belting where the fabric plies on one end of the belt are Tagout-The placing of a name tag or Spring take-up-A mechanical device removed so that it will butt together other label or sign on a disabled that utilizes a variable force spring and overlap adjacent plies of fabric power or control system, to identify or springs attached between the on the other end. that the system is “down” for conveyor structure and the tail maintenance and should not be pulley mounting block to maintain Stilling zone-See settling zone. restarted. tension on the belt. Tailgate sealing box-An enclosure disabled by lockout/tagout/blockout Tracker, tracking device-A device located at the tail end of a load zone procedures; used as a final safety used to steer a mistracking to prevent material from leaking out precaution. conveyor belt back to centerline. onto the belt behind the chutework. Throughput-The amount of bulk Tracking-See belt tracking. Tail pulley-A pulley that turns the material delivered by a material Training-See belt training. return run of a conveyor belt 180 handling system; usually stated as degrees back into the carrying run. tons per hour (st/h). Training idler, trainer-An idler mounted on a pivot or otherwise Take-up-A device used to remove Tie gum-A thin sheet of adjustable base that, when actuated slack from a conveyor belt and unvulcanized rubber inserted by the mistracking belt moving maintain tension. Gravity take-ups between plies in the assembly of a use a heavy counterweight to vulcanized belt splice. against it, will automatically adjust its position to steer the belt to the maintain belt tension; mechanical Tight side tension-The area of correct path. take-ups use a hydraulic device or highest tension on a conveyor belt, screw adjustment to maintain Trajectory-The arcing path made by usually located at the point where tension. the belt approaches the drive conveyed material as it is discharged from the head end of a Take-up travel-The distance the pulley. conveyor. take-up is able to move while the Tilt switch-An electrical switch belt is running. Tramp iron-Pieces of scrap metal designed to shut off material flow Tension-The force along the belt from a conveyor when material that may contaminate the material stream on a conveyor belt. line required to overcome the backup at the discharge point forces resistance of components and it into a tilted position. Tramp iron detector-A system to transport the load. detect the presence of tramp iron in TLV-Threshold limit value, a level of Tensioner, tensioning device-A dust to which it is believe a worker a material stream and either remove tramp iron or shut down device used to maintain a belt can be exposed day after day for a the material handling system. cleaner’s cleaning pressure against working lifetime without adverse the surface of the belt. health effects; as expressed in parts Transfer point-The place (and per million parts of air (ppm) for associated equipment) where a belt Terminal pulley-The pulley at either gases and in milligrams per cubic conveyor is loaded or unloaded. end of the conveyor; the head 3 meter (mg/m ) for particulates such and/or tail pulleys. as dust, smoke, and mist. Transition-The forming of the Tertiary belt cleaners, tertiary conveyor belt into a trough to Top cover-The carrying surface of receive its cargo; the area where cleaner-Any additional cleaners the belt. this change takes place. added to a belt after the primary cleaner (pre-cleaner) and initial Total material control-Success in Transition area-The area between secondary cleaner; cleaner(s) containing spillage and carryback the tail pulley of a conveyor and the installed further along the conveyor and controlling dust, where start of the load zone where the return than the secondary position. materials are kept on the belt and belt transforms from flat to fully within the system. troughed or the area where the belt Tertiary position-The area after the transforms from troughed onto the snub pulley for the installation of TPH, tph-Abbreviation for “tons per discharge pulley. additional belt cleaners. hour;” a measure of capacity. Transition distance-The distance Testout-Attempting to operate a from the centerline of the terminal device that has been presumably pulley to the first fully-troughed Turnover-A system installed in a Viscosity-Resistance of a material to idler. conveyor that inverts the belt, flow under stress. usually to control carryback by Transition idlers-Idler sets between V-plow-A “V” shaped device keeping the load-carrying (“dirty”) the tail pulley and the load zone equipped with a rubber or urethane side of the belt up. that gradually transforms the belt blade that rides atop the return run into the trough for loading. of a conveyor belt to deflect any stray material away from the tail Transverse-The direction from side pulley. to side across a conveyor belt. U V-return idler-A return idler that Traveling plow-A plowing device incorporates two rolls in a “V” that can be move back and forth UHMW-Acronym for Ultra-High configuration to improve belt longitudinally over the carrying side Molecular Weight polyethylene, a tracking on the return run. of a conveyor belt to deflect plastic material commonly used as a material to alternate discharge chute liner or low-friction belt- Vulcanized splice-A type of splice in points along its run. support surface. which the layers of a belt are overlapped and bonded together, Tripper conveyor, tripper-A rail- Unidirectional conveyor-Conveyor using heat and pressure (“hot mounted mechanism with a that carries material in one vulcanization”) or a chemical traveling take-up that can move the direction. bonding agent (“cold” discharge end of a conveyor to vulcanization). multiple points along a straight line Upstream-In the direction of the to fill individual hoppers or bins. places the belt has already passed, Vulcanizer-A device to apply heat or back toward the loading point. and pressure for curing a splice; also Trough-The shape of a belt with called a press. edges raised allowing it to carry V more material. W Valley angle-The angle between Trough angle-The angle (from two chute walls created by the side Wall friction angle-See interface horizontal) at which the belt edges wall joining with the back wall. friction. are troughed to help center and contain its load. Vee roller-See V-return idler. Wander-Mistracking.

Troughability-The property of a belt Vibrated bulk density-Also called Warp-Lengthwise yarns in a woven that permits it to conform to the consolidated bulk density (ρ2), fabric. contour of troughing idlers; the achieved by applying a compressive amount a belt can be troughed. force (F) or vibratory energy to a Wash box-An enclosure containing body of material; used for a series of belt cleaners and water- Troughing idlers-A set of carrying determining the weight of material spray nozzles for belt cleaning. idlers consisting of a horizontal conveyed on the belt based on center roll with incline wing rolls on Water tensioner-A type of belt surcharge angle. both sides that forms the carrying cleaner tensioner that uses side of the belt into a trough. Vibrating feeder-A type of feeder regulated water pressure to that uses a suspended or isolated maintain tension on the cleaner Tube conveyor-A conveyor where trough with an attached vibrator to blades. the belt is formed into a closed tube move material from a bin or hopper Wear liner-A layer of ceramic tiles, after it is loaded, typically used to into a transfer chute. prevent spillage and carry material AR plate, or other abrasion- vertically. resistant material used to line the inside of a transfer chute or skirtboard to improve material flow and prevent abrasive wear and damage to the outer shell and structure.

Weft-The crosswise yarns in a woven fabric.

Weldment-A fabricated metal component held together by welded joint(s).

Wing idler-Either of the outer rollers in a troughed idler set, mounted at an angle to the central roll.

Wing pulley-A type of self-cleaning pulley that supports the belt on individual vanes instead of a solid surface. The vanes are mounted on a central section that tapers down from inside to outside to direct stray material out of the pulley and off to the sides.

Wing rollers-Rollers on the outside of a troughed idler set. See wing idler. X

Y

Z

Zero speed switch-Electrical switches used to detect the stoppage of a rotating shaft, such as on a conveyor drive motor.

Zero rake-Belt cleaner angle of attack where blades are installed perpendicular (90 degrees) to the belt line.