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From HARA (1947) The JapaneseSocietyJapanese Society for Plant Systematics November, 1988 Acta Phytotax, Geobot. !l7 Notes on Japanese Ranunculus subgenus Batrachium Gerhard WiEGLEB' G. ti l-a tr f' : Hlcts Fyri{ Oe' ecisti fu =egtc cD S>maCDVi( An investigation into Japanese Ranuneutus subgenus BatrzLchium is carried out. The study is based on own cellections from 21 populations in l985 and on herbarium studies of 17S additional specimens. The importance of the foIlowing characters is outlined: total length of plants, lcngth of subrnerged leaves, petiole Iength, presence of fioating leaves, peduncle length, petal size, shape of nectaries, length of ripe achenes and hairincss of the receptacle. morphological and morphometrical analysis the A g{ves foIlowing result : R.2eewnsis and R. kattzttseiesis do not belong to the R. nipPonictts cornplex. However, R. kademsensis is net suMciently different frorn R. trichop1lyUus. The R. nipponiczts complex is subdivided inte 4 subtypes to which the rank of variety ls assigned. At least two other types of plants CAnecha hybrid, Ashibetsu type) do not fit any taxon described so far. The Ashibetsu type is described as a new species, Because ef the new grouping several nomcnclatural problems arise, rntroduction Surveying the literature with respect to the distribution of species of Ranunculzts subgenus Batrachium in Japan one finds a peculiar situation. The flora of OHwi (1965) lists three species, namely R. nipPonicus (MAKiNo) NAKAi, R. Iezeensis NAKAi and R. kadettsemsis MAmNo. None of these is recognized by CooK (1966), who, in the world monograph of the subgenus, rnaintains the old taxa R. aguatilis L. and R. trichopll711us CHAix. He adds R. rionii LAGGER to the list, a species which has never been mentioned before er after as occurring inJapan. R. nipPonictas is treated as a synonym of R. aguatilis, `Cspecies '. R. kacla usensis as a synonym ofR. triehopdyllzts, and R.7ezeensis as a non satis notae' To understand this confusing situationa historical survey ofnomenclature ofJapanese Batrachium over the last 130 years is displayed (Table 1). The oldcr history has been reconstructed from HARA (1947). In his summarizing treatment HARA (1947, 1952) himselfunited all the aguatitis- and tn'chopdyllus-Iike prants in the taxon R. nipPoniczLs. He regarded R. kadettsensis and R.lezoensis as too aberrant fbr being included into R. nipPonicus. However, he stated that a final conclusion on Japanese Batrachium could only be made if the plants from the Asian mainland (especially Ghina and Russia) were better knovvn, ' Fachberelch 7, Biologie, University of OIdenburg, POB 2503, D-290e Oldenburg, Federal Republic ef Germany NII-Electronic Library Service The JapaneseSocietyJapanese Society for Plant Systematics 118 Acta Phytotax. Geobot. Vol. XXXIX, Nos. 4-6 Table 1. Histery ef taxonomic treatment efJapanese Ranunculus subgenus Baimthitrm (in brackets : underlined : newly described species, the arrows indicate descriptionfrom outside Japan, the transformation of taxa as far as can be reconstructcd) Year Author Species 1861 REGELFRANCHETtSAVIVTIER(R. aguatilis var. Io,rgijblius) 1875 S lt (R･ deouetii) 1895 MATsuMvRA R. aguatilis var.j7accitltts fi dnuetii rl l897 HuTHNAKAIIToMAIclNoNAKArMAKiNeNAptR.(R. trichopdylltts) 1907 agttatilis var. Iongijblizas l910 R. trichqpllyUus e 1910 R. aguatilis var. nipponicus 1928 R. nipPenisus 1929 --R.---- kadzttsensis----- t e ?R. kadgttsensisR.]eteensis. l930- ArHAR.4OHWICOOKSHIMiZU R, aguatilis R. pantiththrix l + (2 var.)I t l ; -R, 1947 nipPondetts R. kadeuseiasis R.leeoensis ' (4 var･)l i - 1965 -.. R, nipPonicus R. kattcasensis R.7eeoensis r-' (3ttr)..L l ?R.)e2oensisR- 1966 (R. aguatilis R. trichop1ij,lltts) t ; i J 1982 R. nipPoniczas R. katiztcsensis R. eveznenstsrionii The hew floras ofJapan (fbr example SHiMizu 1982, OHwr 1965) fbl!ow the treatment of HARA with respect to the species list, but with several modifications as far as the internal classification ofR. nipPonictts is concerned. There has been constant change oftreatment from outside and treatment from Japanese point ofview, and both lines, maybe because oflanguage barriers, produced diflerent schemes ofclassification. In total 8 species were recognized.' Especially a shifting ofplants between the taxa R. aeuatilis, R. tn'chopnjllzts and R. nipPonieus can be observed. as shape of nectar and total length Unfortunately, important characters, such pits considered by of the plants (see CooK 1966, WiEGLEB & HERR I983), have never been Japanese authors. They mainly used peduncle length and hairiness gfvarious parts ef / the plants (especia!ly receptacle) for the discrimination of species. Several other characters have been used for the discrimination of the variants in R. nipPenictts with diflbrent results. Since the treatment ofHAR.A (l947) Ranuneulus subgenus Batrachium has been fbrgotten as a taxonomical problem in Japan. However, new information is available now. research has The monograph of CooK (1966) has been published since then. Further been carried out in Europe to study the variatien in this complex subgenus (HoLMEs 1979, CAspER & KRAusaH 1981, WiEGLEB & HERR 1983, ZANDER & WiEGLEB l987). A treatment of the Chinese Batrachia is now available (Botanical Institute 1983, YEN l983). Furthermore, new collections have been made inJapan itsel£ The aim ofthe present study is to elucidate the status of Japanese Batrachium in more detail. T'he NII-Electronic Library Service The JapaneseSocietyJapanese Society for Plant Systematics November, 1988 Acta Phytotax. Geobot. !19 mainly with: trichopdylltisand follewing questions are dealt 1 . Do R. R. aguatilis (as defined by CooK 1966) occur inJapan? 2. What is the status of R.lexoensis and R, kadzusensis? "R. ' 3. How to treat the polymorphic complex nippenicus: best? Materia1 and Methods In the framewotk of a phytosociological and pkytogeographical survey of Japanese in 1985. river vegetation (WiEGLEB & KADoNo 1988) Batrachium material was collected 21 populations, mainly from rivers, were investigated in detail based on field observation, herbarium specimens and alcohol material. The specimens are deposited in the herbaria Kyoto University (KYO), Uberseemuseum Bremen (BREM), and the private collections ofG. WiEGLEB (Oldenburg, FRG) and Y. KADoNo (Kobe, Japan). In those plants the following characters were studied: Total Iength, internede length, length and shape of submerged leaves, shape of stipules, length of petioles of submerged leaves, presence and size of fioating leaves, presence and shape of intermediate leaves, length and shape of peduncles, size and number ofpetals, shape of nectar pits, number ofstamens, number efcarpeis, length ofthe ripe achcnes, hairiness ofachenes and receptacle, anomalities in the fiower region, hints on fertility and breeding system. In addition 175 herbarium specimens were studied in the following collections: Collection KADoNo (Kobe University), Herbarium Kyoto University (KYO), Herbarium Tokyo National Science Museum (TNS), Herbarium Tokyo University (TI) and Makino Herbarium, Tokyo Metropolitan University (MAK). In these cases the following I･: characters were measured: Maximum internode length, maximum length of submerged leaves, maximum length of petiole of submerged leaves, maximum length of peduncles, maximum length and width ofpetals, maximum length ofripe achenes. Presence and absence of floating and intermediate leaves was recorded as well as the hairiness of the ' receptacle. Other characters were recorded ifthey were exceptional or unique. For comparison between individual specimens maximum lengths were used, because they best refiect the potential growth. Averages or ranges are not suitable for com- parison. For the comparison between selected groups of plants, averages or maxima were used. No statistical test was carried out for cornparison as the specimens studied do not represent a representative sample. Results l. Assessment of the characters A general assessment ofthe value ofcharacters in Batrachium has been given by CooK (1966). Some completions as to Japanese plants must be given. Total length of the plant: This character can only be observed in the field. Un- fortunately, no further data except the own observations are available. In Japan, there is a clear differentiation in smaller plants (less than 1 m), and bigger plants (usually NII-Electronic Library Service The JapaneseSocietyJapanese Society for Plant Systematics 120 Acta Phytotax. Geobot. Vol. XXX!X, Nos. 4-6 much !onger than 1 m). Especially in Hokliaido and Chubu, Iarge plants up to 3.5 m were found. Plants of this length cannot be R. trichopipllus (max. 1 rn) or R. aguatilis (max. 2 m, CAspER & KRAuscH 1981). maximum iength ofinternodes ranges between 20 and Length ofintemodes: The 220 mm. Because of the distribution of these values internodes of more than 12e mm "long" length will be called in the following. In rivers there is a certain correlation between the length ofthe Iongest internode and the total Iength ofthe plants. In lakes and ponds there is no such correlation and some of the longest internodes measured (> 200 mm) belong to plants from stagnant waters. Length ofsubmerged leaves: This character ranges from 20 to 135mm. Very short leaves (less than 3e mm) are most frequent in Kanto, Chubu and Kyushu. Most Japanese plants have a leaf length of between 35 and 60 mm. A leaf length of 65 te 8e mm occurs in all regions except Kyushu. Leaflengths from 85 mm upwards are rare and occur only in Kinki, Chugoku and Holdcaido. On Honshu, there is a
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