Raport Tehnic Privind Metodologia Utilizată Pentru Alcătuirea Bazei

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Raport Tehnic Privind Metodologia Utilizată Pentru Alcătuirea Bazei Cod și Nume proiect: POIM 2014+ 120008 Managementul adecvat al speciilor invazive din România, în conformitate cu Regulamentul UE 1143/2014 referitor la prevenirea și gestionarea introducerii și răspândirii speciilor alogene invazive Raport tehnic privind metodologia utilizată pentru alcătuirea bazei de date cu căile de pătrundere identificate cel puțin pentru speciile selectate din lista DAISE – 100 of the Worst Activitatea 2.1. Căi de introducere prioritare a speciilor alogene din România Subactivitatea 2.1.1. Identificarea căilor de introducere prioritare a speciilor alogene din România Proiect cofinanțat din Fondul European de Dezvoltare Regională prin Programul Operațional Infrastructură Mare 2014-2020 Titlul proiectului: Managementul adecvat al speciilor invazive din România, în conformitate cu Regulamentul UE 1143/2014 referitor la prevenirea și gestionarea introducerii și răspândirii speciilor alogene invazive Cod proiect: POIM2014+ 120008 Obiectivul general al proiectului este de a crea instrumentele științifice și administrative necesare pentru managementul eficient al speciilor invazive din România, în conformitate cu Regulamentul UE 1143/2014 privind prevenirea si gestionarea introducerii si răspândirii speciilor alogene invazive. Data încheierii contractului: 27 noiembrie 2018 Valoarea totală a contractului: 29.507.870,54 lei Contractant: Ministerul Mediului Apelor și Pădurilor Echipa de experți: • POPA Oana Paula– Coordonator activitate / Expert specii invazive • COGĂLNICEANU Dan - Expert coordonator național specii invazive • IORGU Elena Iulia - Expert specii invazive • KRAPAL Ana Maria - Expert specii invazive • STĂNESCU Florina - Expert specii invazive • TUDOR Marian - Expert specii invazive • POPA Luis Ovidiu - Expert specii invazive • ADAM Costică - Expert coordonator național nevertebrate • BĂNCILĂ Raluca - Expert specii invazive • FĂNARU Geanina - Expert specii invazive Notă: Pentru citarea acestui raport, vă rugăm folosiți următorul format: Popa O.P., Cogălniceanu D., Iorgu E.I., Krapal A.M., Stănescu F., Tudor M., Popa L.O., Adam C., Băncilă R., Fânaru G., (2021). Raport tehnic privind metodologia utilizată pentru alcătuirea bazei de date cu căile de pătrundere identificate cel puțin pentru speciile selectate din lista DAISE – 100 of the Worst. Raport întocmit în cadrul Proiectului POIM2014+120008 - Managementul adecvat al speciilor invazive din România, în conformitate cu Regulamentul UE 1143/2014 referitor la pr0065venirea și gestionarea introducerii și răspândirii speciilor alogene invazive. Bucureşti: Ministerul Mediului, Apelor şi Pădurilor & Universitatea din Bucureşti. Proiect cofinanțat din Fondul European de Dezvoltare Regională prin Programul Operațional Infrastructură Mare 2014-2020 2 Cuprins 1. Introducere ................................................................................................................................. 4 2. Metodologia utilizată pentru alcătuirea bazei de date............................................................... 5 3. Rezultate ................................................................................................................................... 11 3.1. Căi de introducere pentru specii alogene de interes pentru Uniunea Europeană și România .... 22 3.2. Analiza bibliografiei .............................................................................................................. 33 4. Concluzii ................................................................................................................................... 34 5. Bibliografie ............................................................................................................................... 35 Anexa 1 – Lista bibliografică utilizată în alcătuirea bazei de date .............................................. 37 Anexa 1.1. Listă bibliografică – prima semnalare pe teritoriul României ...................................... 37 Anexa 1.2. Listă bibliografică – căi de pătrundere ........................................................................ 51 Anexa 2 – Baza de date a căilor de introducere prioritare a speciilor alogene din România ...... 66 Proiect cofinanțat din Fondul European de Dezvoltare Regională prin Programul Operațional Infrastructură Mare 2014-2020 3 1. Introducere Raportul de față prezintă rezultatele subactivității 2.1.1. Identificarea căilor de introducere prioritare a speciilor alogene din Romania din cadrul Activității 2.1. Cai de introducere prioritare a speciilor alogene din Romania, realizate pentru îndeplinirea Obiectivului specific 1. Inventarierea - cartarea speciilor alogene invazive (plante, nevertebrate, mamifere, păsări, pești, herpetofauna) și elaborarea listei naționale a speciilor alogene invazive din cadrul proiectului POIM120008 Managementul adecvat al speciilor invazive din România, în conformitate cu Regulamentul UE 1143/2014 referitor la prevenirea și gestionarea introducerii și răspândirii speciilor alogene invazive. În urmă cu aproape jumătate de secol, Elton (1958) scria în lucrarea sa despre invazii: “Noi nu trebuie sa facem nicio greşeală: suntem puşi în faţa uneia dintre cele mai mari convulsii (schimbări) în ceea ce priveşte flora şi fauna lumii”. Invaziile biologice asociate cu activităţile umane duc la o amestecare a faunelor izolate şi sunt recunoscute ca fiind unele dintre elementele majore ale schimbărilor globale. Au fost înlăturate foarte multe bariere naturale, din această cauză a crescut numărul potenţialilor invadatori şi al populaţiilor sursă pentru invazii. Izolarea geografică reprezentată de mări şi continente, creatoare şi conservatoare ale biodiversităţii globale, a început să fie destrămată acum câteva secole şi acest proces continuă accelerat în ultimele decenii. (Bright, 1998; Dukes şi Mooney, 1999; Leppakoski şi Olenin, 2001). Căile de introducere descriu procesele care au ca rezultat introducerea speciilor străine dintr-o locație în alta. Este extrem de important să fie stabilit un cadru care să faciliteze analiza comparativă a căilor de invazie pentru o gamă largă de taxoni atât în ecosistemele terestre, cât și în cele acvatice: dulcicole și marine. Intensificarea ratei de transfer a oamenilor și bunurilor la nivel mondial a determinat o accelerare a ratei invaziilor biologice. De aceea, identificarea căilor prin care speciile străine sunt introduse și se răspândesc în regiuni noi, precum și înțelegerea rolului diverselor căi de pătrundere sunt esențiale pentru reducerea invaziei speciilor alogene. Proiect cofinanțat din Fondul European de Dezvoltare Regională prin Programul Operațional Infrastructură Mare 2014-2020 4 2. Metodologia utilizată pentru alcătuirea bazei de date Documentarea căilor de introducere s-a făcut cu referire la principalele mecanisme de introducere, respectiv introducere intenționată sau neintenționată, și s-a avut în vedere includerea în următoarele categorii majore cf. Hulme et al 2008: ➢ eliberare (ex. introducere intentionată ca bun de consum: agenți pentru biocontrol, animale pentru vânătoare, plante pentru controlul eroziunii etc.), ➢ evadare (ex. din captivitate/culturi spre exemplu: plante de grădină, ornamentale, momeli, animale de companie etc.), ➢ contaminare (introducere neintenționată împreună cu specii introduse intenționat ca bun de consum - ex. patogeni/dăunători sau comensali ai plantelor și animalelor), ➢ clandestin (specii direct asociate cu transportul intermediat de oameni - ex. cu apa de balast), ➢ coridor (ex. infrastructuri de transport care leagă regiuni care erau separate geografic), ➢ extindere (ex. răspândire naturală din alte regiuni unde specia străină a fost introdusă anterior), Pentru fiecare din căile de introducere identificate pe baza literaturii de specialitate consultate s-au indicat sursa bibliografică și gradul de confidență: o scăzut - nu sunt disponibile dovezi directe; informații puține, dificil de interpretat; surse nesigure, o mediu - dovezi puține, informații indirecte și/sau contradictorii, o ridicat - dovezi clare, directe, relevante; surse de încredere. Proiect cofinanțat din Fondul European de Dezvoltare Regională prin Programul Operațional Infrastructură Mare 2014-2020 5 Figura 1. Sistemul de clasificare a căilor de introducere inițială a speciilor alogene într-o nouă regiune. Sursa: Hulme et al., 2008 În vederea documentării căilor de invazie pentru speciile alogene prezente în România s-au efectuat următoarele etape: 1. Unificarea listelor preliminare cu speciile de plante alogene și animale: nevertebrate dulcicole invazive, nevertebrate terestre, specii de animale marine și vertebrate. 2. Au fost selectate, conform caietului de sarcini, informațiile care să fie extrase din literatura de specialitate 3. Completarea propriu-zisă a bazei de date cu informațiile extrase din literatură 4. Completarea bazei de date cu literatura aferentă fiecărei specii invazive în parte. Baza de date aferentă activității 2.1.1 - Identificarea căilor de introducere prioritare a speciilor alogene din România – cuprinde următoarele câmpuri care au fost completate: ➢ Grup specii: sunt menționate modulele de lucru ale proiectului - Plante, Vertebrate, Nevertebrate acvatice dulcicole, Nevertebrate terestre și Specii marine. ➢ Denumire științifică validă în prezent – au fost folosite ca referință baze de date internaționale, cu mențiunea că pentru speciile aflate pe Listele Europene vom păstra denumirea sub care specia respectivă a fost introdusă în legislație. ➢ Denumire științifică sinonimă - au fost folosite ca referință baze de date internaționale
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