Analisis Semiotika Ketidakadilan Gender Dalam Film Dangal Karya Amir Khan Production

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Analisis Semiotika Ketidakadilan Gender Dalam Film Dangal Karya Amir Khan Production ANALISIS SEMIOTIKA KETIDAKADILAN GENDER DALAM FILM DANGAL KARYA AMIR KHAN PRODUCTION Skripsi Diajukan kepada Fakultas Ilmu Dakwah dan Ilmu Komunikasi untuk Memenuhi Persyaratan Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Sosial (S.Sos) Oleh: Yulia Nur Shofiani NIM: 11130510000129 JURUSAN KOMUNIKASI DAN PENYIARAN ISLAM FAKULTAS ILMU DAKWAH DAN ILMU KOMUNIKASI UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH JAKARTA 1439H/2017M 9 i ABSTRAK Yulia Nur Shofiani (1113051000129) Analisis Semiotika Ketidakadilan Gender Dalam Film Dangal Karya Amir Khan Production Sebagai media yang menampilkan realitas kehidupan yang nyata, film mencoba meyakinkan penonton dengan persoalan yang ada di masyarakat. Salah satu persoalan yang menjadi pedebatan berbagai kalangan adalah ketimpangan gender. Film Dangal yang rilis pada 23 Desember 2016 ini menggambarkan ketimpangan gender yang diterima oleh Mahavir dan kedua anak perempuannya karena bergulat. Film Bollywood ini berbeda dengan film Bollywood lainnya, pasalnya film-film Bollywood lain yang diketahui masyarakat mengedepankan cerita cinta, nyanyian dan tarian, sedangkan film Dangal menampilkan cerita yang menarik, dan penuh dengan makna didalamnya. Berdasarkan latar belakang di atas, pertanyaan dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana makna denotasi ketidakadilan gender yang terkandung dalam film Dangal? Bagaimana makna konotasi ketidakadilan gender yang terkandung dalam film Dangal? Bagaimana makna mitos ketidakadilan gender yang terkandung dalam film Dangal? Penelitian ini menggunakan paradigma kontruktivisme dimana bahasa tidak lagi hanya dilihat sebagai alat untuk memahami realitas. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan sifat penelitian deskriptif. Sedangkan metode yang digunakan adalah analisis semiotika Roland Barthes. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan melakukan observasi yaitu berupa pengamatan dan pencatatan dengan cara menonton dan mengamati dialog kemudian mencatat dan menganalisanya. Penulis juga melakukan teknik dokumentasi sebagai pelengkap yang didapat dari buku-buku mengenai ketidakadilan gender dan juga dari internet. Selain itu peneliti menelaah dari video, grafik, arsip, teks atau gambar dari film Dangal. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori ketidakadilan gender Mansour Fakih dan konsep semiotika Roland Barthes. Menurut Mansour Fakih ketidakadilan gender ada 5 yaitu marginalisasi, subordinasi, stereotip, kekerasan dan beban kerja. Bartes menjelaskan signifikasi tahap pertama hubungan penanda dan petanda yang disebut dengan denotasi, kemudian konotasi adalah istilah untuk menunjukkan signifikasi tahap kedua, pada signifikasi tahap kedua yang berhubungan dengan isi, tanda bekerja melaluli mitos. Hasil penulisan mengacu kepada ketidakadilan gender yang disampaikan melalui tokoh-tokoh pemeran dalam sebuah dialog, perilaku, karakter dan kejadian dalam film Dangal. Penulis menemukan bahwa film ini menggambarkan ketidakadilan gender dalam bentuk marginalisasi, subordinasi, stereotip, kekerasan. Marginalisasi digambarkan dalam hal keyakinan pada tafsir agama dan birokrasi pemerintahan. Subordinasi, dalam hal kedudukan laki-laki lebih tinggi untuk meneruskan cita-cita dibandingkan perempuan, kepentingan anggaran dana untuk atlet laki-laki dibandingkan atlet perempuan. Stereotipe, dalam hal perempuan makhluk yang lemah, perempuan hanya pantas mengerjakan pekerjaan rumah tangga, penampilan perempuan. Kekerasan, dalam hal kekerasan psikis berupa ejekan. Kata Kunci: Semiotika, Ketidakadilan Gender, Film, Dangal ii KATA PENGANTAR Alhamdulillah, Segala puji dan syukur penulis panjatkan kehadirat Allah SWT, yang telah melimpahkan rahmat, taufiq dan hidayah-Nya, sehingga memberikan kekuatan dan kesabaran dalam menghadapi tantangan dan hambatan dalam penyelesaian skripsi ini. Tidak lupa shalawat serta salam semoga selalu tercurah kepada Nabi Muhammad SAW, beserta para keluarganya, sahabatnya, dan pengikut beliau yang setia. Banyak hambatan dan kesulitan yang penulis temui, baik dalam mencari sumber pustaka maupun mengolah sumber data. Tetapi, dari kesulitan itulah penulis banyak belajar sehingga pada akhirnya skripsi ini bisa diselesaikan. Alhamdulillah semua hal tersebut bisa penulis lewati berkat bimbingan, dukungan semangat, doa dan bantuan dari berbagai pihak. Penulis menyadari banyak terdapat kesalahan, kekurangan, dan keterbatasan ilmu yang penulis miliki. Untuk itu dalam kesempatan ini, penulis ingin menyampaikan ungkapan terima kasih yang sedalam- dalamnya kepada: 1. Dr. Arief subhan, M.A, sebagai Dekan Fakultas Ilmu Dakwah dan Ilmu Komunikasi, beserte Suparto, M.Ed, Ph.D selaku Wakil Dekan I Bidang Akademik, Dr. Hj. Roudhonah, M.Ag selaku Wakil Dekan II Bidang Administrasi Umum, serta Dr. Suhaimi, M.Si selaku Wakil Dekan III Bidang Kemahasiswaan. 2. Drs. Masran, M.Ag selaku ketua Jurusan Komunikasi dan Penyiaran Islam dan Fita Fathurrokhmah, M.Si, sebagai sekretaris jurusan Komunikasi dan Penyiaran Islam yang telah membantu melancarkan berbagai urusan penulis yang berkaitan dengan penulisan skripsi ini. iii 3. Dr. Yopi Kusmiati, M.Si, sebagai pembimbing skripsi yang luar biasa karena telah memberikan bimbingan serta pengarahan yang sangat berharga kepada penulis hingga skripsi ini bisa selesai. 4. Dr. Hj. Roudhonah, M.Ag, Penasehat Akademik KPI C 2013 yang memberikan banyak masukan serta arahan mulai sejak kuliah hingga saat menyusun proposal skripsi. 5. Semua Dosen di Fakultas Ilmu Dakwah dan Ilmu Komunikasi yang telah banyak memberikan ilmu dan pengetahuan kepada penulis. 6. Seluruh Staff Perpustakaan Utama UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta dan Perpustakaan Fakultas Ilmu Dakwah dan Ilmu Komunikasi yang telah memberikan kemudahan dalam melayani penulis mendapatkan refrensi buku-buku selama penulis kuliah dan selama penulis menyelesaikan penulisan skripsi ini. 7. Kedua orangtua yang penulis sayangi dan penulis banggakan, Bapak H. Hambali dan Ibu Hj. Sopiah, S.Pdi yang sudah merawat dengan tulus ikhlas dan mendidik penulis dengan rasa kasih sayang, serta memberikan pengorbanan yang tidak terhitung nilainya dan senantiasa mendoakan penulis dalam menempuh perjalanan hidup ini. 8. Pelatih dan Management tim basket UIN yang telah memberikan motivasi, semangat hingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan skripsi ini, serta memberikan pelajaran-pelajaran yang sangat berarti saat penulis berada dalam tim. 9. Keluarga besar basket UIN Jakarta, terutama Tika, Sarah, Tia, Ovi, Stifani, Deffi, Sri, Kak Tika, Kak Bella, Kak Ella, Kak Jauza, sebagai iv partner dalam tim yang selalu ada dan bersedia membantu penulis ketika mengalami kesulitan dalam perkuliahan maupun dalam tim. Terima kasih sudah senantiasa menemani dan melewati segala macam pertandingan bersama. Sungguh pengalaman yang tak terlupakan. 10. Alldi Aghlan, sebagai saudara sepupu penulis yang telah membantu penulis dalam menyelesaikan skripsi, baik berupa saran, kritik maupun semangat. Kemudian ada Mutia Daravanti dan kak Annissa Shabrina yang telah memberikan dorongan semangat agar penulis dapat menyelesaikan skripsi ini. 11. Keluarga besar KPI C angkatan 2013, yang tidak bisa penulis sebutkan satu persatu. Terima kasih telah menjadi teman selama kuliah dari semester 1 hingga semester 7 yang sudah memberikan semangat serta memberikan ilmu dan pengalaman kepada penulis. 12. Keluarga besar DNK TV, terima kasih atas pengalaman dan pelajaran yang berharga selama penulis berada di organisasi. 13. Keluarga besar KKN DARASWARA, sebagai teman-teman seperjuangan selama melaksanakan Kuliah Kerja Nyata (KKN) yang sudah memberikan banyak pelajaran yang baik untuk penulis dalam berbagai hal. 14. Untuk semua pihak yang telah membantu dalam penelitian skripsi ini, yang tidak dapat disebutkan satu per satu. Tanpa mengurangi rasa hormat, penulis ucapkan terima kasih yang begitu besar. Semoga Allah membalas segala kebaikan dengan balasan yang baik. Amin. v Penulis menyadari bahwa skripsi ini masih banyak kekurangan, akhir kata semoga skripsi ini bermanfaat bagi yang membutuhkan. Penulis Yulia Nur Shofiani vi DAFTAR ISI ABSTRAK…………………………………………………………………………i KATA PENGANTAR…………………………………………………………….ii DAFTAR ISI……………………………………………………………………...vi DAFTAR TABEL………………………………………………………………...ix DAFTAR GAMBAR………………………………………………………….......x BAB I PENDAHULUAN…………………………………………………………1 A. Latar Belakang…………………………………………………………….2 B. Batasan dan Rumusan Masalah……………………………………………6 C. Tujuan Penelitian………………………………………………………….7 D. Manfaat Penelitian………………………………………………………...7 E. Metodologi Penelitian…………………………………………………......8 F. Tinjauan Pustaka…………………………………………………………10 G. Sistematika Penulisan………………………………………………….....13 BAB II TINJAUAN TEORITIS………………………………………………....14 A. Tinjauan Umum Semiotika……………………………………………....14 1. Pengertian Semiotika………………………………………………...14 2. Konsep Semiotika Roland Barthes…………………………………...16 B. Tinjauan Konseptual……………………………………………………..19 1. Film…………………………………………………………………..19 2. Ketidakadilan Gender………………………………………………...28 BAB III GAMBARAN UMUM FILM DANGAL……………………………....34 A. Sekilah Tentang Film Dangal…………………………………………….34 vii B. Sinopsis Film Dangal…………………………………………………….34 C. Profil Sutradara Film Dangal…………………………………………….37 D. Profil Pemain Film Dangal………………………………………………38 1. Amir Khan…………………………………………………………...38 2. Fatima Sana Shaikh………………………………………………….40 3. Sanya Malhotra………………………………………………………41 4. Zaira Wasim………………………………………………………….42 5. Suhani Bhatnagar…………………………………………………….43 6. Sakshi Tanwar………………………………………………………..44 7. Aparshakti Khurana………………………………………………….45 E. Tim Produksi Film Dangal……………………………………………….46 F. Apresiasi Terhadap Film Dangal………………………………………...47
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