Cypriotische Architectuur

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Cypriotische Architectuur 22 INLEIDING OP CYPRUS EEN SCHETS VAN CYPRUS 23 Cypriotische architectuur Islamitische architectuur De lange, rijke historie weerspiegelt zich in de Nadat Selim II Cyprus veroverd had, verschenen nieuwe bouwkunst van Cyprus, maar ook in de anonieme gebouwen, zoals Turkse moskeeën (men voegde vaak minaretten nieuwbouw kunt u juweeltjes aantreffen. Het eiland toe aan gotische kathedralen), badhuizen, karavanserais en bazaars. In veel dorpen ziet u nog kleine moskeeën met typische telt naast neolithische nederzettingen ook brons- puntige minaretten. tijdgrafkamers, ruïnes van oude gebouwen (zoals grote Byzantijnse basilica’s), middeleeuwse kastelen, Büyük Han in Noord-Nicosia is een fraai kerken en kloosters. Uit de Ottomaanse tijd resteren voorbeeld van een Ottomaanse karavanse- rai, met een mescit (gebedshal) op de bin- onder meer moskeeën en karavanserais. De Britten nenplaats (blz. 132). lieten koloniale gebouwen achter. In de dorpen, vooral bergdorpen, wonen mensen nog steeds in De Hala Sultan Tekke (blz. 81) is de Kleurig geschilderde huizen in Lefkara, een fraai heiligste plaats van de islam van het land. oude stenen huizen. voorbeeld van traditionele Cypriotische architectuur U vindt er een moskee en het mausoleum van Umm Haram, de tante van de profeet Mohammed. Oude architectuur De Grieken, Feniciërs, Romeinen en Byzantijnen die ooit over Cyprus heersten, lieten talrijke oude gebouwen achter. De koloniale periode Archeologen hebben de ruïnes blootgelegd van het oude Het Britse bewind op het eiland, in de 19de en Kourion, Amathous, Kition, Soloi, Salamis en Pafos en hun tem- de 20ste eeuw, betekende het begin van pels, theaters, basilica’s, thermen en paleizen. Tot deze ruïnes architectuur in koloniale stijl, met kerken, behoren fragmenten van de oude stadswallen, stadions, sport- regeringsgebouwen, rechtbanken, kazernes, scholen en necropolissen. Sommige Romeinse theaters worden ambtenarenvilla’s, bruggen en andere openbare nu nog gebruikt voor shows en festivals. gebouwen. Het Britse bewind bewonderde ook de Griekse klassieke stijl en liet veel neoklassieke De palaestra gebouwen ontwerpen. in Salamis (blz. 138–139) wordt omge- ven door zui- De Faneromenischool in Zuid-Nicosia (blz. 126) is lengalerijen en een voorbeeld van een neoklassiek openbaar beelden. Hier gebouw. De bouw in 1852 verwees naar de trainden atle- Kourion, een fraaie, welvarende Griekse wortels van de leerlingen. ten en werden stad, werd verwoest door een wedstrijden aardbeving in de 4de eeuw n.C. gehouden. (blz. 70–71). Het Pierides Museum in Larnaca is typerend voor koloniale architectuur, met beschaduwde balkons op ranke steunen (blz. 82). Een plat dak en houten luiken Middeleeuwse architectuur completeren het beeld van een koloniale residentie. In de 300 jaar dat Cyprus werd bestuurd door de kruisvaarders en de Lusignans, verrezen veel kerken, waaronder de weelderige kathedralen in Famagusta en Nicosia. Daarbij kwamen nog Moderne architectuur Traditionele huizen Na de onafhankelijkheidsverklaring in 1960 werden charmante dorpskerkjes, kapellen, gotische Eeuwenlang bouwde men Cypriotische de bouwstijlen op Cyprus moderner en functione- kloosters en kastelen. De Venetianen, die het dorpshuizen met natuursteen, vooral in de eiland meer dan 80 jaar bestuurden, bouwden ler, vooral bij openbare gebouwen als raadhuizen, bergen: koel in de zomer en warm in de win- de imposante vestingwerken rond Nicosia en banken en hotels. Het grootste deel van deze ter. Al imiteren sommige nieuwe huizen de Famagusta, die het Ottomaanse leger bijna een gebouwen verrezen in Nicosia en Limassol, dat traditionele stijl, de meeste worden gebouwd De kerk van Angeloktisi in Kiti is een van de sedertdien de internationale zakenhoofdstad van jaar lang wisten te weerstaan. natuurstenen kerken waar achter een bescheiden in B2-blokken en gewapend beton. Cyprus is. De meeste moderne gebouwen ontbe- buitenkant prachtige Byzantijnse mozaïeken of ren architectonische waarde. schitterende fresco’s schuilgaan (blz. 80). De moderne archi- tectuur van De imposante architectuur Limassol blijft van Bellapais, met ruïnes goeddeels beperkt Dit prachtig van een gotische abdij, beto- tot kantoorblokken gehouwen kapiteel vert de toeristen (blz. 149). in beton, glas en bekroont een zuil van Bellapais is de locatie van staal, gelegen in de Modern natuurstenen gebouw dat aan een traditionele een middeleeuws paleis internationale muziekfes- zakenwijk in het dorpswoning herinnert in Zuid-Nicosia. tivals (blz. 26 en 28). oosten van de stad. 46 CYPRUS VAN STREEK TOT STREEK WEST-CYPRUS 47 West-Cyprus verkennen De beste plaats om te beginnen met het verkennen Pomos Morfou van West-Cyprus is Pafos, dat veel hotels en een goed ontwikkelde toeristische infrastructuur heeft. Hier vindt u ook een overvloed aan historische Kaap resten die Pafos op de Unesco-Werelderfgoed- Arnaoutis lijst hebben gebracht. Ze variëren van brons- Fontana Amorosa- Chrysochou- tijdnederzettingen (Maa Paleokastro aan de strand A baai Gialia Koraalbaai), hellenistische koninklijke tombes K St.-Joriseiland en Romeinse vloermozaïeken tot Byzantijnse A M kastelen en kerken. In het bos van Pafos BADEN VAN Argaka A qAPHRODITE huizen moeflons. Kaap Lara, noordwestelijk S MARION w van Pafos, heeft mooie stranden en verder- S Latsi E r C } op ligt het Akamas schiereiland. H RePOLIS Kynousa I Prodromi E Neo Agios-Georgioskerk op Kaap Drepano, Chorio R ten noorden van de Koraalbaai E I L A Androlikou Lysos N B7 D L 0LARA Drouseia Kaap Schildpaddenproject Ineia Lara Kato Akourdalia s a i Arodes g A s Toxeftra- ti Avakaskloof iy strand Giolou Fyti ak Arg Kathikas Kaap AGIOS Pano Panagia Drepanon 9 Thrinia R GEORGIOUS PANAGIA t Geronisos CHRYSORROGIATISSA 8PEGEIA Akoursos Agia Moni Stroumpi Polemi Vretsia Roudia Bridge Maa Paleokastro Mavrokolympos- reservoir Lempa is een favoriete stek voor watersportfanaten Koili PAFOS Platres KORAALBAAI 7 Letymvou AGIOS Pentalia L NEOFYTOS 6 Kallepeia Bereikbaarheid Tala Tsada Panagia Tou Kissonerga Sintiklooster Salamiou De gemakkelijkste manier om hier te komen is vlie- I s Amargeti s E o gen op het internationale vliegveld ten zuidoosten LEMPA Empa Mesogi o L z 5 ir i X L r a van Pafos, waar een nieuwe autoweg de stad met A i V Chlorakas B7 D Limassol verbindt, zodat de zuidwestkust eenvoudi- Kelokedara Episkopi O y ger te bereiken is. U kunt er vanuit Limassol ook Koningstombes Kidasi S 0 kilometer 5 komen via een parallelweg langs de kust en over de O RET R Agios Savvas zuidelijke flanken van het Troödosgebergte. De E tis Karonos PAFOS 4 A6 X I bergwegen zijn van matige kwaliteit en op het Aka- L E 3R Agia u A L V masschiereiland rijdt u het best rond in een Kato Pafos GEROSKIPOU Varvara Fasoula O S terreinwagen. I Z B6 Asprokremos- R Anarita I A reservoir D Pano Bezienswaardigheden in het kort Timi Nikokleia Archimandrita 9 Agios Georgios 4 Pafos blz. 52–57 k PALAIPAFOS Symbolen 6 Agios Neofytos 2 Palaipafos Mandria T2 Kouklia w Akamasschiereiland t Panagia Chrysorrogiatissa Snelweg q Baden van Aphrodite 8 Pegeia Hoofdweg u Diarizosvallei 1 Petra tou Romiou Limassol Secundaire weg 3 Geroskipou e Polis B6 Pissouri Kleine weg 7 Koraalbaai y Xerosvallei A6 0 Lara Toeristische route PETRA TOU ROMIOU 1} 5 Lempa Onverharde weg r Marion Regionale grens Voor hotels en restaurants in deze regio zie blz. 162 en 170–171 Voor aanvullende symbolen zie achterflap 76 CYPRUS VAN STREEK TOT STREEK ZUID-CYPRUS 77 . Grote Hal TIPS VOOR DE TOERIST Kasteel van Limassol De Grote Hal herbergt een collectie Deze vesting in het centrum van de Oude Stad, dicht Byzantijnse, gotische en renaissance- Practische informatie sculpturen en reliëfs. De gebeeld- bij de haven, werd gebouwd door de Lusignan­ Irinis. Dicht bij de Oude Haven. houwde portretten van Lusignan- Tel: 25305419 Open ma–za 9.00– prinsen op Byzantijnse fundamenten. Latere koningen komen uit het portaal 17.00, zo 10.00–13.00 uur. & Venetiaanse, Ottomaanse en Britse bezetters ver­ van de Agia-Sofiakathedraal. Er zijn cafés, restaurants en sterkten de vestingwerken. In 1191 trouwde Richard souvenirwinkels dicht bij het Leeuwenhart in de kapel met prinses Berengaria van kasteel, maar niet erbinnen. Navarra. De Ottomanen verbouwden het kasteel tot gevangenis. In de Tweede Wereldoorlog was het een Grote Voorzaal Brits legerhoofdkwartier en nu zit er het Middel­ In de voorzaal, die leidt naar eeuws Museum. de weelderigste ruimte, ziet u Kasteeldak ook sculpturen en wapens, en Het platte stenen dak van het kasteel van foto’s van gotische en Limassol werd vroeger gebruikt bij de ver- renaissance-architectuur. dediging. Nu bewonderen toeristen er het uitzicht op Limassol – het mooiste van de stad. De reliëfs De afdeling Byzantijnse kunst van het museum bezit niet alleen talrijke mooie reliëfs en mozaïeken uit de oudste christelijke basilica’s, maar ook een aantal iconen. Fragment van een portaal Dit fragment uit de Agia Napa- kathedraal in Nicosia maakt deel uit van de collectie middeleeuws steenhouwerswerk. Druivenpers Deze druivenpers is een van de stenen voorwerpen in het kasteelpark. Ridderzaal De zaal op de eerste Sarcofagen kamer verdieping in de Een in een duistere zuidvleugel van het hoek van het kas- kasteel herbergt twee teel verscholen Hoofdingang harnassen en een kamer bevat een U betreedt het kasteel via een klein collectie zeldzame collectie sarcofa- bastion aan de oostzijde van het antieke munten. gen en grafstenen. kasteel. Voor hotels en restaurants in deze regio zie blz. 162–163 en 171–173 120 CYPRUS VAN STREEK TOT STREEK ZUIDNICOSIA 121 2 Volkskunstmuseum
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