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Division for Inclusive Social Development (DISD) Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UNDESA) Division for Inclusive Social Development (DISD) Note This report has been issued without formal editing. The views expressed in the present publication are those of the author and do not imply the expression of any opinion on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations, particularly concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The assignment of countries or areas to specific groupings is for analytical convenience and does not imply any assumption regarding political or other affiliation of countries or territories by the United Nations. The designations “developed” and “developing” are intended for statistical and analytical convenience and do not necessarily express a judgment about the stage reached by a country or area in the development process. 1 Family-oriented Priorities, Policies and Programmes in the Implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development as Reported in the Voluntary National Reviews of 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019 Rosario Esteinou, Ph.D. Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Superiores en Antropología Social (CIESAS - Center of Research and Higher Studies in Social Anthropology) Mexico City May 2020 Background paper prepared for the UNITED NATIONS Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UNDESA) Division for Inclusive Social Development 2 The Author Dr. Rosario Esteinou got her PhD in Sociology at the University of Turin, Italy. She is a family sociologist and has been a researcher for over 30 years at the Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Superiores en Antropología Social (CIESAS - Center of Research and Higher Studies in Social Anthropology) in Mexico City. She is fellow of the National System of Research of the National Council of Science and Technology, the Mexican Academy of Sciences, the National Council of Family Relations, and the International Sociological Association. She has published articles, chapters and books about the family in Mexico, especially in the fields of sociology, anthropology, demography, history and social psychology. 3 Table of Contents Page Executive summary ……………………………………………………………… 5 Introduction ……………………………………………………………………….. 6 SDG 1. End poverty in all its forms ……………………………………………… 10 SDG 2. Zero hunger ……………………………………………………………… 27 SDG 3. Good health and wellbeing for all at all ages …………………………… 37 SDG 4. Inclusive and equitable education ………………………………………. 44 SDG 5. Gender equality and empowerment of all women and girls ……………… 55 SDG 11. Inclusive, safe and resilient and sustainable cities and communities …… 64 SDG 16. Peace, justice and strong institutions …………………………………… 70 Conclusions ……………………….………………………………………………. 79 Recommendations ………………………………………………………………….. 81 References …………………………………………………………………... 82 4 Executive summary The 2030 Development Agenda sets out a universal plan of action to achieve sustainable development in a balanced manner and seeks to realize the human rights and well-being of all people. It calls for leaving no one behind and for ensuring that the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are met for all segments of society, at all ages, with a particular focus on the most vulnerable, including children, women, older persons and persons with disabilities, as well as vulnerable families. In terms of family policy, the most relevant SDGs and Targets are SDG 1 (end poverty, targets 1.3 and 1.4), SDG 2 (end hunger and ensure food security, targets 2.1 and 2.2), SDG 3 (good health and well-being for all, targets 3.1, 3.2 and 3.7), SDG 4 (quality and inclusive education, targets 4.1 and 4.2), SDG 5 (gender equality, targets 5.3 and 5.4), SDG 11 (inclusive, safe and sustainable cities and communities, targets 11.3 and 11.7) and SDG 16 (peace, justice and strong institutions, targets 16.2, 16.3 and 16.9) These inter-related goals and targets depend on appropriate family policies for their achievement. The Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs) are a central element of the follow-up and review mechanisms of the 2030 Agenda as set out in the 2015 Declaration. The framework is built around voluntary, participatory, country-led processes that track progress on the SDGs, with a focus on people furthest behind, including vulnerable individuals and families. This report presents an analytical overview of the main trends in the 127 VNRs presented in 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019 by 114 countries that submitted them in English and/or Spanish, (13 made it twice). It is based on the information provided about policies and priorities that contribute to families’ well-being. A family impact lens and a comprehensive family perspective constitutes the analytical framework under which VNRs are reviewed to identify family-oriented policies that are part of SDG social policies and strategies. Close to 90 per cent of countries’ VNRs feature references to families in various ways. However, most references to families concentrate on them primarily as units of diagnosis or as targets, in the context of concerns and measurements over: i) the proportions of poverty and hunger among vulnerable groups; ii) reproductive health issues, such as satisfaction of family planning needs and adolescent pregnancy; iii) different forms of gender and age-based violence (e. g., girl child and early marriage, female genital mutilation, violence against children and women; and iv) concerns about gender inequalities in care and domestic work. Although those concerns necessitate actions, family-oriented policies are lacking or lag in many national policies and SDG strategies. Only relatively few countries report on specific family policies as part of their development strategies, and a few countries embrace a holistic family view and family impact lens perspective to address families’ needs as well. 5 It is crucial to ensure progress towards SDGs, to include families (from a holistic and impact lens perspective) in the design, implementation and monitoring process of SDGs. Families have been included in some countries to perform different roles: in consultation processes and feeding up policy-making, as engaged stakeholders in providing services, and as administrative means to implement programmes. Regarding data collection and statistical indicators, much more needs to be done, as data for many target indicators are lacking, and disaggregated information by sex, age and other criteria is still a challenge for many countries. This is critical for identifying the needs, the challenges and their importance accurately, and for informing policy-making regarding families and SDG challenges. As families are affected by all SDGs, they may be powerful Introductioninstruments for policy-making. Evidence of family SDG related targets could nurture a comprehensive understanding of its potential as a vehicle for achieving SDGs and improve families’ well-being as well. The integrative nature of the 2030 Agenda calls for multisectoral and comprehensive actions and recognition of spill-overs and mutual effects between SDGs. Many VNR of countries show a trend towards assuming such approaches, but still a low proportion of them have undertaken a holistic and family lens approach to combat poverty, hunger, healthcare and education challenges, gender inequality and violence against children and women. Introduction The 2030 Agenda sets out a universal plan of action to achieve sustainable development in a balanced manner and seeks to realize the human rights and well-being of all people. It calls for leaving no one behind and for ensuring that the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are met for all segments of society, at all ages, including the most vulnerable – children, women, aged and persons with disabilities, and families in poverty. In terms of family policy in the context of the 2030 Developm6ent Agenda, the most relevant SDGs and Targets related to families and family policies are: SDG 1: End poverty in all its forms everywhere o Target 1.3 Implement nationally appropriate social protection systems and measures for all, including floors, and by 2030 achieve substantial coverage of the poor and the vulnerable o Target 1.4 By 2010, ensure that all men and women, in particular the poor and the vulnerable, have equal rights to economic resources, as well as access to basic services, ownership and control over land and other forms of property, inheritance, natural resources, appropriate new technology and financial services, including microfinance. SDG 2: Zero hunger 6 o Target 2.1 By 2030, end hunger and ensure access by all people, in particular the poor and people in vulnerable situations, including infants, to safe, nutritious and sufficient food all year round o Target 2.2 By 2030, end all forms of malnutrition, including achieving, by 2025, the internationally agreed targets on stunting and wasting in children under 5 years of age, and address the nutritional needs of adolescent girls, pregnant and lactating women and older persons SDG 3: Good health and wellbeing for all at all ages o Target 3.1 By 2030, reduce the global maternal mortality ratio to less than 70 per 1000,000 live births o Target 3.2 By 2030, end preventable deaths of newborns and children under 5 years of age, with all countries aiming to reduce neonatal mortality to at least as low as 12 per 1,000 live births and under-5 mortality to at least low as 25 per 1,000 live births o Target 3.7 By 2030, ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health- care services,
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