Racial Discrimination Portrayed in Angie Thomas's

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RACIAL DISCRIMINATION PORTRAYED IN ANGIE THOMAS’S NOVEL THE HATE U GIVE

A THESIS

PUTRI ERINA BR. PINEM

REG NO. 160705018

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH

FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES

UNIVERSITY OF SUMATRA UTARA

MEDAN 2020

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA RACIAL DISCRIMINATION PORTRAYED IN ANGIE THOMAS’S NOVEL THE HATE U GIVE

A THESIS

BY: PUTRI ERINA BR PINEM REG NO: 160705018

SUPERVISOR CO-SUPERVISOR

Dr. Siti Norma Nasution, M.Hum. Dra. Diah Rahayu Pratama, M.Pd NIP. 195707201983032001 NIP. 19561214 198601 2 001

Submitted to Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara Medan in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra from Department of English

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2020

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

Approved by the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara (USU) Medan as thesis for The Sarjana Sastra Examination.

Head, Secretary,

Prof. T. Silvana Sinar, M.A., Ph.D. Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A, Ph.D. NIP. 19540916 198003 2 003 NIP. 19750209 200812 1 002

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UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra from the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara, Medan.

The examination is held in Department of English Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara on December 17th , 2020.

Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara

Dr. Budi Agustono, M.S. NIP. 19600805 198703 1 001

Board of Examiners

Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A., Ph.D. ______

Dr. Siti Norma Nasution, M.Hum. ______

Drs. Parlindungan Purba, M.Hum ______

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA AUTHOR’S DECLARATION

I PUTRI ERINA BR PINEM DECLARE THAT I AM THE SOLE AUTHOR OF THIS THESIS EXCEPT WHERE REFERENCE IS MADE IN THE TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS CONTAINS NO MATERIAL PUBLISHED ELSEWHERE OR EXTRACTED IN WHOLE OR IN PART FROM A THESIS BY WHICH I HAVE QUALIFIED FOR OR AWARDED ANOTHER DEGREE. NO OTHER PERSON’S WORK HAS BEEN USED WITHOUT DUE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS IN THE MAIN TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS HAS NOT BEEN SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF ANOTHER DEGREE IN ANY TERTIARY EDUCATION.

Signed : Date : December 17th , 2020

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA COPYRIGHT DECLARATION

NAME : PUTRI ERINA BR PINEM

TITLE OF THESIS : RACIAL DISCRIMINATION PORTRAYED IN ANGIE

THOMAS’S NOVEL THE HATE U GIVE

QUALIFICATION : S1/SARJANA SASTRA

DEPARTMENT : ENGLISH

I AM WILLING THAT MY THESIS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR

REPRODUCTION AT THE DISCRETION OF THE LIBRARIAN OF DEPARTMENT

OF ENGLISH, FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES, UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA

UTARA ON THE UNDERSTANDING THAT USERS ARE MADE AWARE OF THEIR

OBLIGATION UNDER THE LAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA.

Signed :

Date : December 17th , 2020

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Bismillahirrahmanirrahim,

First of all, I am so thankful that I was finally able to finish my thesis entitled “Racial

Discrimination Portrayed in Angie Thomas‟s Novel The Hate U Give”. I would like to express my gratitude to Allah SWT who has always giving me guidance‟s, answer, and with blessed and mercies. I also would like to thank and express my deepest appreciation to:

1. My family: My parent, Mom and Dad, thank you for your tireless to provide

prayers and support. My sisters, Dian Fitri Pinem, Sri Elvina Sari Pinem and

Grace Nurlita Pinem, and my beloved sista Siti Hadijah in Jakarta. Thank you

so much for loving me and always support me when I feel sad and down. Thank

you for all your prayers. You all are my inspirations in finishing my study. I

love you all so much from the bottom of my heart.

2. Myself. Thank you to stay strong and always did your best during 4 years. You

are strongest than you think. Thank you for don‟t give up easily with all the

difficulties and problems. Thanks for being able to get up again after repeatedly

down. To ignore all bad words from everyone is the way you can be strength

your heart and mind. Now and forever, if I was given the chance to be someone

else, I will still choose to be like what I am now.

3. My supervisor and co-supervisor, Ma‟am Dr. Siti Norma Nasution, M.Hum.

and Ma‟am Dra. Diah Rahayu Pratama, M.Pd. who always guides me and gives

me so many knowledge and advices for my thesis.

4. The Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies, Dr. Drs. Budi Agustono, M.S, the

Head of English Department, Ma‟am Prof. T. Silvana Sinar, M.A, Ph.D, the

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UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Secretary of English Department, Sir Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A, Ph.D and all

of the lecturers in English Department for all the knowledge, attention, time and

guidance‟s.

5. For my beloved friends Saudara Sumber (SS), Nurfika, Ummu, Rizky, Winda,

Alfi, Fitri and Putri Rizqi. Thanks for being my friends during 4 years and

always support and help me when I have problems. Thanks for being my sisters

and always treated me well. Without you guys, the college life will not be

interesting, we are always study in groups together, lots of stories we sharing

together, foods and everything. You guys are amazing! I hope we can graduate

together and may Allah SWT always bless you all. I love you guys from the

bottom of my heart.

6. To someone who will decorate my future. To someone who still with me, initial

A.A.R. You‟re one of my biggest supporting systems to finish my thesis.

Although for a while we are separated by distance and time. I hope we will meet

sooner, can‟t wait for that moment. Thank you for all your love and endless

support to me. Hoping to Allah to approve the happiness for us as soon as

possible. As long as Allah still allows us to be together, let‟s always make more

beautiful moments.

Medan, December 17th , 2020

Putri Erina Br Pinem

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UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ABSTRACT

This thesis entitled Racial Discrimination Portrayed in Angie Thomas‟s Novel The Hate U Give. This thesis contains an analysis of the racial discrimination portrayed in the novel The Hate U Give. The aims of this thesis are (i) to find out how racial discrimination portrayed in the novel The Hate U Give, (ii) to find out the characteristics of racial discrimination portrayed in the novel The Hate U Give. The writer used sociology of literature as the main theory, and the characteristics that related to discriminations such as stereotype, prejudice and rejection in analyzing the problems. In completing the analysis, the writer used qualitative descriptive method. The data of the researcher are word, sentence and clause that refer to characteristics of racial discrimination in Angie Thomas‟s novel as the source of the data. The findings showed that the characteristics of racial discrimination like stereotypes, prejudice, and social rejection are found in Angie Thomas‟s Novel.

Keywords: Racial Discrimination, The Hate U Give, Characters, Sociology of Literature

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ABSTRAK

Skripsi ini berjudul Diskriminasi Rasial yang digambarkan dalam novel Angie Thomas The Hate U Give. Skripsi ini berisi analisis diskriminasi rasial yang digambarkan dalam novel The Hate U Give. Tujuan dari skripsi ini adalah (i) untuk mengetahui bagaimana diskriminasi rasial digambarkan dalam novel The Hate U Give, (ii) untuk mengetahui karakteristik diskriminasi sosial yang digambarkan dalam novel The Hate U Give. Penulis menggunakan sosiologi sastra sebagai teori utama, dan karakteristik yang berkaitan dengan diskriminasi seperti stereotip, prasangka dan penolakan dalam menganalisis permasalahan. Dalam menyelesaikan analisis, penulis menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Data dari peneliti adalah kata, kalimat,dan klausa yang pada karakteristik diskriminasi rasial dalam novel Angie Thomas sebagai sumber data. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik diskriminasi rasial seperti stereotip, prasangka, dan penolakan sosial ditemukan dalam Novel Angie Thomas.

Kata kunci: Diskriminasi Rasial, The Hate U Give, Karakter, Sosiologi Sastra

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA TABLE OF CONTENTS

AUTHOR’S DECLARATION ...... v

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ...... vii

ABSTRACT ...... ix

ABSTRAK ...... x

TABLE OF CONTENTS ...... xi

CHAPTER I ...... 1 INTRODUCTION ...... 1 1.1 Background of the Study ...... 1 1.2 Problems of the Study ...... 5 1.3 Objectives of the Study ...... 5 1.4 Scope of the Study ...... 5 1.5 Significance of the Study ...... 6 CHAPTER II ...... 7 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ...... 7 2.1 Brief Description of Novel ...... 7 2.2. Intrinsic Elements ...... 7 2.2.1 Theme ...... 8 2.2.2 Characters ...... 8 2.2.3 Plot ...... 9 2.2.4 Setting ...... 10 2.2.5 Conflict ...... 10 2.3 Racial Discrimination ...... 11 2.3.1 Stereotype ...... 13 2.3.2 Prejudice ...... 14 2.3.3 Social Rejection ...... 15 2.4 Racial Discrimination in United States ...... 16 2.5 Sociology of Literature ...... 17

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 2.6 Review of Related Studies ...... 19 CHAPTER III ...... 20 METHOD OF THE RESEARCH ...... 20 3.1. Research Design ...... 20 3.2 Source of Data and Data ...... 21 3.3 Data Collection ...... 21 3.4 Data Analysis ...... 21 3.4.1 Data Analysis Procedure ...... 22 CHAPTER IV ...... 23 ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS ...... 23 4.1 Analysis ...... 23 4.1.1 Racial Discrimination Portrayed in The Hate U Give novel ...... 24 4.1.2 Starr Carter ...... 24 4.1.3 Khalil ...... 28 4.1.4 Maverick Carter ...... 29 4.1.5 The Black Society ...... 30 4.2 The Characteristics of Racial Discrimination Portrayed in The Novel ...... 32 4.2.1 Stereotype ...... 32 4.2.1.1 Khalil ...... 32 4.2.1.2 Starr Carter ...... 34 4.2.1.3 The Black Society ...... 36 4.2.2 Prejudice ...... 36 4.2.2.1 Starr Carter and Khalil ...... 37 4.2.2.2 Khalil ...... 38 4.2.2.3 Starr Carter ...... 41 4.2.3 Social Rejection ...... 42 4.2.3.1 Starr Carter ...... 42 4.3 Findings ...... 46 CHAPTER V ...... 48 CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ...... 48 5.1 Conclusion ...... 48 5.2 Suggestion ...... 48 REFERENCES...... 50

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APPENDICES

i. Summary of The Hate U Give novel

ii. About the author of The Hate U Give novel

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UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

Racial discrimination is not a new problem or case in the world. This case is very closely and still exist in the society. Racial discrimination is one of the worst social problems that still exist up until today in every part of the world. It can be defined as the mistreatment of a group of people on the basis of race and skin color. Racial discrimination is also the belief that race accounts for differences in human character and that a particular race is superior to others. This problem is very serious because it always leads to destruction, not only to certain human being but also the society. Talking about racial discrimination, it also related with racism because by doing it they also discriminate another group of people and give them a bad treatment in society life.

Nowadays the issues about racial discrimination spreads rapidly in many social media including television or newspaper, people can get a lot of information about the issues by using those media. Some cases about racial discrimination that already happened in the United States are Trayvon Martin (26th February 2012), Breonna Taylor (13rd March 2020) and Atatiana

Jefferson (13rd October 2019) and the newest case happened on 25th May 2020, a man who is a

black people named George Floyd, he was killed by police who is a white people, his name is

Derek Chauvin. The tragedy was happened in Minneapolis city, America. George Floyd was

accused of using fake money of $20 when he bought cigarettes at Cup Foods, and then police

came and committed violence against him, and finally he died. This case led to many people

demonstrating over the unjust death of George.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA From this case we know that violence and racial discrimination still happen which is a black people became the victim of it. The black people still getting injustice treatment by the white. This case is very important to pay attention because it‟s related with human rights and everyone should get equal treatment, also black people, black lives matter. We can see that racial discrimination towards black people look clearly in those cases.

Talking about racial discrimination and racism, we remembered about the general case

that was happened between Black people and White people especially in America. For example:

the Black people get seriously injured or injustice treatment. In fact this behavior can be a

danger treatment and gives more disadvantages to people or group who became the aimed from

discrimination action, even though the violence will annoy the nation life also caused an

extraordinary of crimes. In America, the Black unjust treatment and cruelty by the white, just

because their race identity. At the moment, the black were insulted, oppressed, and even killed

by the white. The white were against to the black as minority group caused the white became

dominant and supposed the different race between the black and white as a hostility symbol and

a reason for making practice discrimination toward the black.

Literature is a written or printed work which expresses feeling, attitude and life of human

in society. According to Wellek and Warren (1982:94), literature represents life„ and life„ is a

social reality, even though the natural world and the inner or subjective world of the individual

have also been objects of literary imitations„ Through literature, an author tries to express his or

her idea about what he or she ever experienced in life time or what was happening around them

from natural phenomenon to the life of the people in their community. According to Peck and

Coyle (1984:103) novel, as one of literature genres, is a long work with a great amount of detail

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA on every page. It presents all the complicating facts that need to be reconsidered before we can reach any sort of judgment.

Through the time, literature has been used not only for the purpose of entertaining the readers, but also to give critics to almost every aspect of life. This is why a problem like social issues is commonly found in literature; those social issues include injustice, racism, inequality, violence, and others. Racism is one of the social issues that commonly found in some literatures.

Another story that reflects racism is “The Hate U Give” By Angie Thomas.

In this thesis, The Hate U Give becomes the object to be analyzed. This novel written by

Angie Thomas, published by Walkers Book Ltd, 87 Vauxhall Walk, London in 2017. This novel

contains 444 pages, consisting of 26 chapters. This story tells about, sixteen years old Starr

Carter has to live in two different worlds; Garden Height the poor black people neighborhood

where she was born and raised and her fancy white people school Williamson in the suburbs. It

was so difficult for her because she has to be two different persons in two different places. Her

already complicated life becomes more complicated when she is the only witness of a police

officer shoots his unarmed best-friend Khalil. The news becomes national issue and attracts

many attentions especially when the folks know that Khalil is black and he is unarmed when the

police officer shoots him. Starr has to endure the pain of witnessing the injustice Khalil gets from

their society because the people are more interested in Khalil‟s past rather than the fact that he is

killed by a police officer. The media portrays Khalil as a gang banger and drug dealer, while

more favorably portraying the white officer who kills him. Even the law is trying to make the

police action justified by trying to find Khalil‟s mistakes. Starr and her family have to face

dangerous situation, especially when King and his gang get involved. She gets death threats, and

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA someone shoots into her house. She is confused whether she has to tell the truth in order to get

Khalil the justice he deserves or not because what she says could destroy her community. It could also get her killed.

This study will reveal how the racial discrimination reflect in the novel. Besides that, this study also focuses on how can we deal with the racism.

Racial discrimination consist of some characteristics, they are stereotype, prejudice,

rejection, segregation and etc. The writer wants to do this thesis by using stereotype, prejudice

and rejection as the problems that will be analyzed in the novel. The reason the writer choose this

topic is because the writer wants to reinforce the reason for the racial discrimination that

happened in 21st century and also the writer interested to know more about racial discrimination

among the race in the United States in this novel as the main idea.

The majority race in this novel is White people and in this novel they have a negative

perception towards black people in the United States. They have their own opinion towards black

people such as they have a different class from them and feel superior than Black people. Black

people get unequal treatment from them and also there is no justice for them.

According to Bowling (2002:21), racism is the belief that certain groups are innately,

biologically, socially, morally superior to other groups, based upon what is attributed to be their

racial composition. It can be said that racial discrimination itself is an unequal treatment based

on someone„s race. According to the novel, Black people were never treated well and always

became the victim of white people bad treatments. This novel shows us the individual

experiences which may portrayed the life experience of the Black people living in the United

States of America that were always intimidated by white people. It describes the reality that

happened toward Black people in the United States of America at the time.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 1.2 Problems of the Study

According to the title of this thesis “Racial Discrimination Portrayed in Angie Thomas‟s novel The Hate U Give, the problems of this study are:

1. How is the racial discrimination portrayed in the novel The Hate U Give?

2. What are characteristics of racial discrimination found in the novel The Hate U Give?

1.3 Objectives of the Study

Related with the problems above, this research tries to analysis the answers of those

questions, they are:

1. To find out how the racial discrimination portrayed in the novel The Hate U Give.

2. To find out the characteristics of racial discrimination that can be found portrayed in the novel

The Hate U Give.

1.4 Scope of the Study

Related to the problems and objectives of the study, the writer has to limit the scope of

the study. The analysis is focused on the character in The Hate U Give novel, especially the

racial discrimination character figures. The characters analyzed based on the characterization of

the characters in the novel itself. It‟s impossible for the author to discuss all the details. Scope of

study is necessary in order to make a research to be specific and well managed.

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1.5 Significance of the Study

This thesis is intended to be helpful to understand more about the literary work, The

Hate U Give by Angie Thomas. The analysis of this thesis is expected to be able to give significance for readers about the impacts of racial discrimination towards the African-American people. Moreover, this study can be used as reference for the readers who want to study literature.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 Brief Description of Novel

The definition of the novel according to Abrams (1999:190), the term “novel” is now

applied to great variety of writing that have in common only the attribute of being extended

works of fiction written in prose. As an extended narrative, the novel is distinguished from the

short story and form the work of middle length called the novelette; its magnitude permits a

greater variety of characters, greater complication of plot (or plots ) ampler development of

milieu, and more sustained exploration of character and motives than do the shorter, more

concentrated modes.

Robert defines novel have many elements, which contain character, plot, theme, setting,

conflict. These elements are related to each other and will construct a story in the novel. Besides

that, the novel usually focuses a small number of characters, although in a novel the cast of

secondary characters is often large and the number of incidents is multiplied (Robert,1988:4).

There are some divisions of novel according to Peck and Coyle (1989:106-120), they are comic

novels, romance novel and utopian novel.

2.2. Intrinsic Elements

This elements are very important in novel to build a literary work. Elements which in fact would be found if we read a literary work is an intrinsic elements of the elements that

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA directly participate in or build the story of the intrinsic elements are the elements of building works of literature that can be found in the literary text itself. Coherence between the various elements that make an intrinsically novel realized. The elements intended are the theme, characters, plot, setting, and conflict.

2.2.1 Theme

The theme of a fiction is the controlling idea of the whole story that may conclude what

story is about. Hartoko and Rahmanto (1986:142) says that the theme is the ideas of common

bases that sustains a work of literature and are contained in the text semantic structure and

regarding commonality or differences.

Theme is the main idea that the writer expresses. Theme can also be defined as the

underlying meaning of the story. Theme is another prime element of literature, which contains

the central idea of all literary forms such as a novel, drama and short story. It reflects innocence,

experience, live, death, reality, fate, madness, sanity, love, society, individual, etc.

In this story The Hate U Give the theme is about racial discrimination.

2.2.2 Characters

According to Klarel in Martha Pardede (2016:17) in her book Literature: An Introductory

Material (2016), characters in a text can be rendered either as type as individual. Two kinds of

character:

- Flat Character : is a typified characters in literature dominated by one specific

trait.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA - Round Character : usually denotes a person with more complex and differentiated

features.

Characters is important as the role play in the story. In The Hate U Give novel, there are 4 main characters who built the story in it, they are Starr Carter as the black girl and also as the witness of the incident, Khalil as the victim of racial discrimination, Starr‟s family who also get racial discrimination treatment by white people and The black society who get bad treatment by whites in this story.

2.2.3 Plot

According to Klarel in Martha Pardede (2016: 15), plot is the sequence of action and incidents which make up a story.

According to Klarel in Marta Pardede (2016: 15), plot is the logical interaction of the various thematic elements of a text which a change of the original situation is presented at the out set of the narrative. Plot line encompasses the following sequential levels.

Exposition (introduction)-complication or development-climax (turning point) and resolution.

In the story The Hate U Give the story begins from Starr and Khalil as the witness and victim of the racial discrimination. They stopped by the police officer who is a white man and the cop accuse them as the criminal. The cop shooting Khalil because he is black. Starr who is the only witness of the incident tries to speak up over the society about the fact of the incident.

Unfortunately even Starr tries her best to speak up over the government and society but there is no changed and she did protest with her black community towards grand jury decision. They want justice for Khalil. The cop who is a white as the suspect of the shooting incident doesn‟t get

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA any punishment by the government. It happened because the majority of the story is white people.

2.2.4 Setting

Taylor in Martha Pardede (2016: 20) says:

“whatever conception of character and action may exist in a literary work, those characters and actions must be located with reference to time and place. Setting is a main factor in the formulation of subject matter and a direct influence on the expression of theme. It also become a more active factor in narrative, as in ghost story where setting characterizes action”

Setting can be defined as the place or setting of place and period or setting time of a

story, the canvas on which dramatic events are drawn in details. In this story it happened in 2017,

the incident happened on Carnival St. Starr and her neighborhood lived in Garden Height and

white people mostly lived in Riverton Hills.

2.2.5 Conflict

Taylor in Martha Pardede (2016: 16) says conflict can be divided into:

- Outher conflict : Conflict with other characters Conflict with social forces Conflict with natural forces Conflict with supernatural forces

- Inner Conflict : Conflict within a character himself or herself

In the story the characters have inner and outher conflict. The conflicts including conflict

with other characters, conflict with social forces and conflict within a character herself.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 2.3 Racial Discrimination

Racial discrimination refers to unequal treatment of persons or groups on the basis of

their race or ethnicity. Many scholars and legal advocates distinguish between differential

treatment and disparate impact, differential treatment occurs when individuals are treated

unequally because of their race. Races are distinguished from one another by such characteristics

as hair color and texture, skin color, eye color and shape, size of body parts, and facial organs.

The definition of discrimination is the act of prejudice against a person because they have

a certain set of characteristics. Discriminated characteristics can include disability, age, gender

reassignment, race, sex and sexual orientation. Discrimination can take many forms but in many

countries around the world there are laws prohibiting any form of discrimination. A key feature

of any definition of discrimination is its focus on behavior. Discrimination is distinct from racial

prejudice (attitudes), racial stereotypes (beliefs), and racism (ideologies) that may also be

associated with racial disadvantage (Quillian 2006).

Discrimination may be motivated by prejudice, stereotypes, but the definition of discrimination

does not presume any unique underlying cause.

According to Omi and Winant Sacknell’s book (2003:2) “Race is a concept that signifies and symbolizes social conflicts and interests by referring types of human bodies. It is a socio historical process, by which racial categories are created, inhabited, transformed, and destroyed.”

Racial discrimination or racism is the belief that race is the primary determinant of

human qualities and capacities and those racial differences produce an inherent superiority of a

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA particular race. As a result, mistreatment of a group people on the basis of race and color are often found in the name superiority.

In Bowling‟s book Racism, Crime and Justice (2002:38), he states,

Discrimination consist of unequal, unfavorable and unjustifiable treatment based on a person‟s sex, gender, „race‟, ethnicity, culture, religion, language, class, sexual preference, age, physical disability or any improper ground. It includes refusal to offer employment, pay fair wages, to provide housing or medical treatment or to provide a commercial or social service. It can also take the form of harassment, attack, exclusion and expulsion.

The term racial discrimination is usually used to describe the action of a dominant majority in relation to a weak minority, of course, by implying an immoral and undemocratic behavior or way. In a broader sense, racial discrimination is the active and overt aspects of negative prejudice toward a person or a group of people.

According to Bowling (2002:42) in Racism, Crime and Justice there are two types of

discrimination, those are direct and indirect discrimination.

Direct discrimination is a type of discrimination which is more obvious. It involves in treating

someone less favorably because of their possession of an attribute such as sex, age, race,

religion, family status, national origin, military status ,sexual orientation, disability, body size or

shape, skin color compared with someone without that attribute in the same circumstances.

The other type of discrimination is indirect discrimination. It refers to treatment which might be

described as „equal‟ in a formal sense between different groups, but is discriminatory in its actual

effect on a particular group.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA The „minimumheight‟ requirement for appointment as a police officer in some jurisdictions is an example of indirect discrimination (Bowling, 2002:40).

Unlike direct discrimination, this type of discrimination works smoothly and tends to be

undetected. One example of indirect discrimination is the capability test used in job applications

to disqualify certain ethnic .One example of direct discrimination is racial discrimination.

Furthermore, Bowling (2002:39) explain that “A distinction can be made between direct

and indirect discrimination. Among the best examples of direct discrimination are those which

have been enshrined by law. The South African apartheid legal system, for example prohibited

black people from voting or participating in the political process, created separate „white„

residential areas and schools, and also prohibited „mixed marriages.‟

According to Dovidio, et all (2010) in The SAGE handbook of prejudice, stereotyping and

discrimination, the characteristics of racial discrimination such as stereotype, prejudice and social rejection.

2.3.1 Stereotype

In communicating between one group with another group coming from different

backgrounds, there is a tendency that characterizes attitudes and behaviors. Among them are

stereotypes and prejudices. Often they are used as guidance or foundation between one group

and another rather than considering the individual characteristics of a group. Consequently

communication is based on stereotypes in which numerous and diverse elements are classified

into a particular picture and this is what stereotypes mean. Stereotyping is an assessment of

something that can not be proven factually. Stereotypes in this regard are overly generalize,

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA simplified, or exaggerated beliefs against particular ethnic groups. Thus, when we give stereotypes to a person, the first thing we do is to identify the individual on the basis of a particular ethnic group member, and the next step is to assess the individual's self.

“Stereotypes are the perception that most members of a category (group) have some of the same attributes. Stereotypes arise directly from the categorization process, particularly the assimilations of different groups. Stereotypes can come from cultures in which people are socialized, from the real cultural and socioeconomic differences between groups, as well as from differences in cognitive biases seems to emerge in imaginary correlations between minority groups and rarely seen attributes (Brown in Gender Stereotypes and Discrimination2005: 181).”

This social trust is learned from others and maintained through the rules of social

interaction. Stereotypes are an assessment of a person only based on perceptions of the group in

which the person can be categorized. Stereotypes are the intuitive shortcuts of thinking by

humans to simplify complex things and aid in quick decision making. Stereotypes affect how a

person processes and interprets information. Stereotypes can get people to see what they expect

to see and predict how often they see it.

In reality, stereotypes are "quick thinking" which gives us rich and different information about

individuals we do not know personally.

In Brown‟s Gender Stereotypes and Discrimination, the writer gets a clear explanation

about the stereotype and hope that explanation could help the writer to do the analysis.

2.3.2 Prejudice

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Prejudice is the stereotype of a superior group to understand the inferior group. Prejudice is opinion or feeling formed without knowledge or thought or reason. Prejudice is often caused by the misconception between some ethnic groups. In race relation, prejudice is judgment and negative opinion toward the inferior group. Oxford Dictionary stated that prejudice is dislike or distrust of person, group, a custom that is based on fear or false information rather than on reason or experience, and that influences one‟s attitude and behavior toward them. Prejudice often caused by the misconception between some ethnic groups. Prejudice may be decreased if there is good communication between the two groups.

According to Giddens (2006), prejudice refers to opinion or attitudes held by members of one group toward another. Prejudice is often based on hearsay rather than on direct evidence, and are resistant to change even in the face of new information. Klineberg (1968) stated that prejudice also involves any attitude for or against, the description of a positive or negative value, an affective, or feeling, component. Prejudice may, therefore, be defined as an unsubstantiated prejudgment of an individual or group, favorable or unfavorable, tending to action in a consonant direction. In sum, prejudice is unfair judgment toward minority which is given by the majority group without any clarification that mostly done as the reason for cultural difference.

2.3.3 Social Rejection

Society does not realize that their act toward the people who has weakness is considered

as a rejection. This kind of phenomenon is called social rejection.

Social rejection occurs when an individual is deliberately excluded from a social relationship or

social interaction. The topic includes interpersonal rejection or peer rejection.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA According to Rina Ulwiya (2014:20) in her journal entitled Sukses Menghadapi Penolakan

Sosial said that social rejection is when someone„s identity cannot be accepted by the society for example; the difference of religion, point of view, way of thinking, aim, sexual orientation, ethnicity, etc.

From Rina Ulwiya, the writer gets more explanation and knowledge about social rejection.

2.4 Racial Discrimination in United States

Race is the classification of humans into groups based on physical traits, ancestry, genetics or social relations, or the relations between them. First used to refer to speakers of a common language and then to denote national affiliations, by the 17th century race began to refer

to physical traits. The term was often used in a general biological taxonomic sense, starting from

the 19th century, to denote genetically differentiated human populations defined by phenotype.

According to Omi and Winant (2003:2) in Racial Formation in the United States book, race is a concept that “signifies and symbolizes social conflicts and interests by referring to different types of human bodies.” While people may interchange or confuse the concepts of

ethnicity and race, the differences are important. Race has always existed as groups of people living in certain areas, developing lifestyles and language feature that distinguish them from others.

Each society in the country consist of various races. Those various races can be a big power for those countries if the people can accept the varieties which exist among them because they have skills to increase their life and their country.

On the other hand, it also can cause a big problem if they cannot regard one to another. This condition happened in United States which had various races. The White people created a new

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA kind of understanding and interpretation of human differences that gave bad effects and sufferings towards black people. White people cannot accept the existence of black people, as consequence they never treat black people as the true human beings due to the different types of physical characteristics. The Black people always become the victims of white people bad

treatments.

In the United States, employment laws are very strict regarding discrimination and the

laws serve to protect individuals from being discriminated in the workplace. The laws also serve

to guide employers on acceptable conduct for its employees with regards to discrimination. The

discrimination still continue, for example in job market. Racial discrimination continues to be

pervasive in cultures throughout the world. Researchers examined the level of racial

discrimination in the United States labor market by randomly assigning identical résumés black-

sounding or white-sounding names and observing the impact on requests for interviews from

employers. Results found that résumés with white sounding names received 50 percent more

callbacks than those with black names, indicating that, all other things being equal, race is still an

important factor in the American labor market.

In Omi and Winant book about Racial Formation in the United States, the writer gets a

knowledge and some information about the racial discrimination that happened in United States.

In social life, discrimination always related to society. That is why, the writer will used sociology

of literature as the main theory.

2.5 Sociology of Literature

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Sociology and literature are two studies that are different but have a relation. The sociology of literature is a subfield of the sociology of culture. It studies the social production of literature and its social implications. Sociology is a study about society and the social process in society. Sociology examines social structure and social processes including social changes that study social institutions. religion, economics, politics and form social structures in order to get a picture of the ways humans adapt to their environment, social mechanisms and culture.

Literature also deals with society and human. It means that society and literature deals

with same object that is society. According to Swingewood (1972:13) on his book entitled The

Sociology of literature, literature and sociology are not wholly distinct disciplines but, on the

contrary, complement each other in our understanding of society, historically they have tended to

remain apart. Sociology and literature are two different fields that complement each other.

Sociology of literature is a branch of literature that study about social production in literature and

the reflection of society in literature itself. Wellek and Werren (1942:89) stated that literature is a

social institution using as its medium language, a social creation. They are conventions and norm

which could have arisen only in society. Furthermore, literature represent „life‟ and „life‟ is, in

large measure, a social reality, even though the natural world and the inner or subjective world of

the individual have also been objects of literary „imitation‟. The poet himself is a member of

society, it is possessed of a specific social status; he receives some degree of social recognition and reward; he addresses an audience, however hypothetical. Swingewood (1972:13) also stated that literature is a direct reflection of various facts of social structure, family relationships, class conflict and possibly divorce trends and population composition.

Sociology approach is widely loaded in literary works today it means that literature is a direct mirror of the various aspects of the social structure. The relationship between literature

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA and sociology also can be investigated through the sociological condition of the author of the literary works. As Swingewood (1972:17) stated that one of literary sociology approach moves away from the emphasis on the work of literature itself, to the production side and especially to the social situation of the writer. Most of literary works are based on the social condition and culture of the author.

Swingewood gives the writer a knowledge and explanation to more understanding about sociology literature.

2.6 Review of Related Studies

• In Bowling‟s book Racism, Crime and Justice (2002:38), the writer gets contribution such as a knowledge and information that can help the writer more understand about the racial discrimination itself.

• In Omi and Winant (2003:2) in Racial Formation in the United States’ book, the writer gets a knowledge and some information about the racial discrimination that happened in United States.

• In Swingewood (1972) in The Sociology of Literature, the writer gets contribution such as

knowledge and information about the sociology literature definition.

• In Rina Ulwiya (2014: 20) in her journal entitled SuksesMenghadapiPenolakanSosial, the writer gets more explanation and knowledge about social rejection. It will help the writer to understand it well.

• Thesis from Al-Yuni Fazriani Nasution (2017), Universitas Sumatera Utara: RACIAL

DISCRIMINATION PORTRAYED IN FLANNERY O‟CONNOR‟S SHORT STORIES:A

GOOD MAN IS HARD TO FIND AND EVERYTHING THAT RISES MUST CONVERGE.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA CHAPTER III

METHOD OF THE RESEARCH

This research entitled “Racial Discrimination Portrayed in Angie Thomas‟s novel The

Hate U Give”. The material object of this research is an American novel entitled The Hate U

Give by Angie Thomas. In a research, the methods become an important part in determining the results of research, because the right and complete research methods would also produce good research results.

3.1. Research Design

According to Kirk and Miller (1986:9), there are two methods in analyzing, namely quantitative and qualitative. Quantitative methods are research steps that are based on calculations, quantities or number. Meanwhile, the qualitative method is any type of research that is not based on calculations. Bogdan and Taylor (1975:5) said that the qualitative method is a research step based on descriptive data such as written words or verbal expressions of people and their observed behavior. In this analysis, the writer used a descriptive qualitative method in doing this research. This method is a scientific procedure where conclusion would obtained from certain things to become general ideas based on the theory used. The writer uses a novel as a source in this thesis and analyze the sentences which are related to the topic of this study about racial discrimination portrayed in Angie Thomas‟s novel The Hate U Give. The analysis includes reflections of racial discrimination portrayed in the novel. The author also used library research in this study because the source of the data is taken from written material from the literature itself. First, the author reads novel to find problems in the story. Second, the writer makes a list

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA of several quotations that concern the chosen problems.

3.2 Source of Data and Data

The data in this thesis is all the quotations from Angie Thomas‟s novel The Hate U Give.

Source of data is Angie Thomas‟s novel The Hate U Give. The data was taken from the text of

The Hate U Give novel, it contains of 444 pages and 26 chapters.

3.3 Data Collection

The writer applied some steps in collecting data. Firstly, the writer read the novel The

Hate U Give by Angie Thomas as the source of data of racial discrimination and tried to recognize what the story about. Secondly, the writer find and choose the problems in the novel to discuss in research. After that, the writer underlined the important things from the characters which are the quotations of the words, phrases, sentences, and paragraphs in the novel that related to the problems.

3.4 Data Analysis

In writing this thesis, the writer has to combine important data from many other sources

which have been collected and analyze them well. The kind of research is library research. The

writer collects the data from the novel The Hate U Give by Angie Thomas. First, the writer read

the novel then identify the data from the dialogues or statement of the novel which support the

main problems and the writer analyzed it to achieve what has been planned in the objective of

this thesis and finally, the conclusion can be found from the analysis.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 3.4.1 Data Analysis Procedure

The chart of the method can be summarized in the pattern below:

SOURCE DATA: DATA SELECTION: Researcher Novel The Hate U Give by Angie QUOTATIONS Thomas

INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS

Method CONCLUSION Descriptive- Qualitative

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA CHAPTER IV

ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS

4.1 Analysis

In this chapter, there are two major points that the writer wants to analyze. First, how is

racial discrimination portrayed in The Hate U Give novel. Second, what are characteristics of

racial discrimination portrayed in The Hate U Give novel.

In the first problem, the writer focuses on how racial discrimination reflected in The Hate

U Give novel. Racial discrimination is an unfair treatment between people or groups basis on

their race and color descent or national or ethnic origin in different areas of public life.

In the second problem, the writer focuses on what are characteristics of racial

discrimination reflected in The Hate U Give novel. There are three characteristics that can be

found in the novel which are stereotypes, prejudice and social rejection.

In the analysis, the writer wants to analyze the quotations which related to the problems.

In the first problem, the writer will describe how racial discrimination reflected in the novel

based on quotations which related to the problem. In the second problem, the writer put the

quotations which related to characteristics of racial discrimination as portrayed in The Hate U

Give novel and explain every quotation. So, in this analysis, the writer wants to analyze the

quotation which contains racial discrimination based on the novel. The characteristics of racial

discrimination are stereotype, prejudice and social rejection.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 4.1.1 Racial Discrimination Portrayed in The Hate U Give novel

The Hate U Give novel written by Angie Thomas is a story that happened in the United

States of America. The novel was published in 2017. Racial Discrimination can be seen through the characters who got racial treatment by white people. This story tells about Khalil, who is a black got shoot by the cop who is a white, and the witness from the tragedy only Starr Carter, his childhood best friend. Starr tries to get justice for Khalil‟s death, he got discriminated treatment

by the white cop. Starr as the witness of it, try to speak up and tell the truth about the fact of

Khalil‟s death. Many characters in this novel who get racial discrimination treatment by white people, including Starr‟s family and also her neighborhood. The main characters in this story is

Starr Carter, a sixteen year old, but not just her who got the bad treatment by white people also

her family and her black neighborhood. The racial discrimination is seen clearly in this novel.

4.1.2 Starr Carter

Starr Carter is one of the main characters in this story who got racial discrimination

treatment by the police who is a white man. Starr Carter lives in two different world, her home at

Garden Height, the majority of black people are staying there, but her school at Williamson, is a different place with her home. Mostly white people are school there. She and her step brother, named Seven are studying at Williamson school.

“The ironic thing is though, at Williamson I don‟t have to “play it cool”—I‟m cool by default because I‟m one of the only black kids there. It‟s dope to be black it‟s hard to be black.” ( page 11) “That‟s when I realized Williamson is one world and Garden Heights is another, and I have to keep them separate” (page 36)

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA From the quotation above, it showed that Starr Carter needs to separate her life between two parts, one part as Starr who is a black girl at Garden Height and in there she could become herself, it‟s different with Starr who is at Williamson. She needs to adapt with her white friends and neighborhood. Also, keep her attitudes and try to follow what her white friends habit. She and her brother have to act like what white people do.

Starr‟s daddy, named Maverick Carter told his children about what to do if a cop stopped them. Starr always remember her dad explanation and this is happened to her and Khalil when a cop stopped them in the night of fatal shooting incident.

“Starr-Starr, you do whatever they tell you to do,” he said. Keep your hands visible. Don‟t make any sudden moves. Only speak when they speak to you.” “I knew it must‟ve been serious. Daddy has the biggest mouth of anybody I know, and if he said to be quite, I needed to be quite.” “My heart pounds loudly, but Daddy‟s instructions echo in my head: Get a good look at the cop’s face. If you can remember his badge number, that’s even better. (page 20-22)

From the quotation above, we can see that Starr‟s daddy told that things seriously,

especially when they (black people) have a problem with a cop and mostly white people. They as

the minority have to keep their attitude and don‟t make the cops suspicious towards them.

Because they are black, they have to cautious towards white people think about them, she

worried and feeling under pressure when she remembered what her dad said before, her dad also

told her to remember the cop badge number to know the identity of the cop, from it we can see

that black people still getting racist treatment by the cops.

“ I make out the numbers on the badge—one fifteen. He‟s white, midthirties to early forties, has a brown buzz cut and a thin scar over his top lip.” (page 22)

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA In the statement above, we can see that Starr do what her daddy explain to her. She gets the cop identity and remember the cop looks like, so she can explain to others if something happen to them.

After the incident, Starr feels depressed and try to explain what exactly happened to

Khalil and her, because she is the witness and only her can speak up to the people about it. It showed from this sentences.

“He didn‟t do anything,” I say. We didn‟t do anything. Khalil didn‟t even have a gun” “Besides the cop, I‟m the only person who was there.” “I‟ve seen it happen over and over again: a black person gets killed just for being black, and all hell breaks loose. I‟ve tweeted RIP hashtags, reblogged pictures on Tumblr, and signed every petition out there. I always said that if I saw it happen to somebody, I would have the loudest voice, making sure the world knew what went down. Now, I am that person, and I‟m too afraid to speak.” (page 34-35)

The quotations above means Starr as the only person who knows the fact of the incident and being a witness of it, she tells her parents that they don‟t do anything in the car and also the fact that Khalil doesn‟t have a gun, it‟s different with what the cop think about them especially to

Khalil. He get wrong perception towards him and shot him because he is black, it‟s clearly that the cop who is a white do racist towards them. Starr has seen some black person gets killed because they are black, there is no excuse for them and usually get racist treatment by white person. She wants justice for others black person who gets killed by white and let the world know her voice, she won‟t be silenced but also too afraid to speak.

“Did you consume any alcohol at the party?”she asks. “She is trying to discredit me. No. I don‟t drink” “Did Khalil?” “Whoa, wait one second ,”Momma says, Are y‟all putting Khalil and Starr on trial or the cop who killed him? You haven‟t asked my child about the cop yet, you keep asking her about Khalil, like he‟s the reason he‟s dead. Like she said, he didn‟t pull the trigger on himself.”

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA “One-Fifteen killed him, “I say.”And he wasn‟t doing anything wrong.” (page 103)

From the quotation above, we can see that the detective named Gomez still asking her about the other question which is not the point from the incident, she asks her whether she and

Khalil drunk alcohol or not which is not the point in the interviewed. She doesn‟t focus to Khalil death and the reason he is died. He is the victim of the cop who shot him without clearly reason but the detective looks like not care enough about it. She more interested to ask about who Khalil is rather than asking about the cop and what he did towards him, the reason he shot him. The detective makes her mom got angry and upset and Starr said that Khalil wasn‟t doing anything wrong but he got shot by the cop. From this part we can see that racism still happen towards black people and in this case she wants to prove that he doesn‟t wrong.

Starr Carter has two close friends at Williamson school, namely Hailey and Maya, both of them are white. Starr has a good relation with them until Hailey say her joke to one of their friend who is a black while they are playing basketball. Her joke makes Starr get angry to her, it showed in this sentences,

“… pretend the ball is some fried chicken.” “Lighten up! It was only game talk.” “A fried chicken joke was only game talk? Really?” I ask. “Her eyes widen. Oh my God. You think I was being racist?” “... You made a fried chicken comment to the only black girl in the room. You can say something racist and not be a racist!” (page 112)

From the conversation above, we can see that Hailey says something racist to her black

friend, says joke like fried chicken means she mocks her black friend and Starr get angry about

it. she doesn‟t take it seriously because she thinks it is a normal joke to say, she doesn‟t realize

that her joke hurts somebody. From this, we can see that racist treatment still happen even in

indirect way, she just talks about the joke towards her black friend and it means she said

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA something racist and feels it was only game talk, is not something important to be argue and she feels is not wrong to say the joke.

4.1.3 Khalil

Khalil is a black man who became the victim in the tragedy. He got the fatal shooting at

the hands of a police officer. In the day of shot incident towards Khalil, Starr as the witness

knows what exactly happen towards him because she accompany him inside the car. The cop

directly shooting him without asking and see what he exactly hold in his hand, it shows in this

sentence

“The cops rummage through Khalil‟s car. I try to tell them to stop. Please, cover his body. Please, close his ayes. Please, close his mouth. Get away from his car. Don‟t pick up his hairbrush.” (page 25)

From the quotation above, we can see that the cop get wrong when shot Khalil. The cop

thinks that the thing he holds is a gun. The cop get shot him brutally without asking first, even

Starr try to stop the cop but everything is chaos. Khalil get shot and finally died. The cop afraid

and panic because they are black, and the cop think that every black people is a bad person and

need to be careful towards them, from it we can see that Khalil and Starr get racist treatment by

the cop just because they are black and the cop suspicious towards them and finally shot Khalil

without knowing the truth.

Khalil also got bad treatment by the white police before he died and it showed when Starr

and her mom come to the Detective Gomez office to give some explanation related with the

incident, Starr tells her everything she knows to her without tell a lie about the cop attitudes to

them. It showed from this sentences,

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA “The officer patted Khalil down three times.” “Three?” “Yeah, I counted. Yes, ma‟am. He didn‟t find anything. He then told Khalil to stay put while he ran his license and registration.” “Khalil opened the driver‟s side door and—„‟ Pow! Pow! Pow! Blood,” “The officer shot him.” (page 100-101)

From the quotation above, we can see that the cop shot him directly after he opened the driver‟s side door. He thinks that Khalil tries to find out his gun in the car, but the cop perception is wrong. There‟s no gun. The cop has a bad thought about them and be suspicious because they are black. The cop treats them bad and intimidate. The cop shot him three times without checking him once again for making sure what stuff he exactly holds. The cop shot him because he is black and get worried towards him. His attitude shows that he is a racist cop. The incident is not fair for them, Khalil doesn‟t do anything wrong but the cop killed him. It is clear to see that they get racial treatment by the cop who is a racist person. The cop shouldn‟t shot him directly just because he is black person, he got injustice treatment.

4.1.4 Maverick Carter

Maverick Carter is a black man and also as Starr‟s father in this story. He feels unfair towards what happened to his daughter and also Khalil in the incident of shooting. After the incident, Starr‟s daddy having a conversation with Uncle Carlos who is a cop and white person.

He is Starr‟s uncle. Her dad doesn‟t agree with him, Uncle Carlos suggests him to take Starr to the detective and let her to be checked. Unfortunately, he doesn‟t want Starr talks to the detective. He and uncle Carlos have an argument about it. We can see in these sentences,

“Ne-gro, please. If I kill Tyrone, I‟m going to prison. If a cop kills me, he‟s getting put on leave.”

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA “Oh, we know the truth, that‟s not what we want. „says Daddy, “We want justice.” (page 53)

From the quotation above, we can see that they have an argument between white and black person. Maverick says if he kills Tyron (Carlos‟s brother), he will automatically go to prison, because he is black person who killed white person. In the other hand, if the cop who is white kills him, the cop is getting put on leave. From this statement, he is makes a comparison treatment between black and white. There is a different treatment even though the case is similar, but the punishment is different. Black person usually being a victim of it and white person suspicious towards them, so they usually getting bad treatment from white and it is clear that black person get unfair and from Khalil‟s death, her dad wants justice and let the cop get the punishment from it. There‟s no reason especially because of skin color, they always get injured by the white.

4.1.5 The Black Society

The black society in this story also got unfair treatment by the government related the case of Khalil‟s shooting incident. They want justice towards Khalil and do protest over the government decision. After the grand jury give unfair decision about the incident, the cop who called One-Fifteen, he doesn‟t get the punishment and he didn‟t go to jail. This decision makes all black people especially Starr get angry with it. They make a protest and riot almost all the way, give their opinion over the streets, it showed in this sentences below,

“You need to exit the street,” a voice announces from a loudspeaker, “You are unlawfully blocking traffic.” “A hairbrush is not a gun! A hairbrush is not a gun! “a voice chants from another loudspeaker.” “They point black hairbrushes into the air, the protestor are on Carnation. Where it happened.”

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA “a hairbrush is not a gun!” I scream loud as I can, fist high in the air, tears in my eyes.” (page 407-409)

The quotation above means when black people and also Starr make protest towards the decision which is unfair for Khalil as the victim in the incident, but the cops asked them to disperse and they need to exit the street. All the protestor got angry with the decision and scream loud that Khalil doesn‟t wrong and he deserves to live, there is no justice for him. As we can see that the thing which is a hairbrush is not a gun, there is no gun in his car, but the One-Fifteen thinks it is a gun, without check it first he shots him directly. The cop might think because they are black and have a gun. From this we can see that the cop give bad treatment to them especially for Khalil, the cop being racist and do the fatal mistake to him. They got injustice treatment and ask for their rights as a human being.

As all the protestors give their voice and make riot towards the grand jury decision, Starr also take a part in it, she gives her explanation and wants justice for Khalil. She was not afraid of police threats and speak louder over the protestors, it showed in these sentences below,

“My name is Starr, I‟m the one who saw what happened to Khalil, “I say into the bullhorn. “And it wasn‟t right.”

“We weren‟t doing anything wrong. Not only did Officer Cruise assume we were up to no good, he assumed we were criminals. Well, Officer Cruise is the criminal.” “… I‟m sick of this! Just like y‟all think all of us are bad because of some people, we think the same about y‟all. Until you give us a reason to think otherwise, we‟ll keep protesting.” (page 411-412)

From the quotation above, we can see that Starr speak up over the public and tell the fact about the incident. She became the only witness of it and tells they weren‟t doing anything wrong. The Officer shot him because he assumed they were criminals also because they are lack, they got racist treatment by the cop. Actually, the officer is the criminal, he shot Khalil without

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA reason just because he thinks they bring a gun and get worried about it. From this we can see that many people especially white people still doing racist over black people. They think all black people are bad and discriminate them. Doing discrimination over black people and give them injustice, that‟s why Starr and all black people keep protesting, they want justice for all black people who get racist and discrimination by white people.

In the second problems, the writer will discuss about how the discriminate they get from their environment. There are will describes by the characteristics of racial discrimination which are stereotypes, prejudice and social rejection.

4.2 The Characteristics of Racial Discrimination Portrayed in The Novel

The characteristics of racial discrimination are stereotype, prejudice and social

rejection. The characteristics of racial discrimination would described below and also the

characters who experienced the characteristics of racial discrimination itself.

4.2.1 Stereotype

In this part, the writer analyzed the point of view or the way the characters think about

the other in The Hate U Give written by Angie Thomas. The Hate U Give talked about how

black people in United States get racial discrimination treatment by white people.

4.2.1.1 Khalil

The negative stereotype about Khalil comes from people who just focus to see him as a

drug dealer, even though he is a victim in this incident. White people are judging him by

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA physical and may think that he is a bad man by looking him but the point is because he is a black and white people have negative stereotype towards him .It showed in this sentences below,

“And then they said the drug dealer‟s name was Khalil,” “The drug dealer. That‟s how they see him. It doesn‟t matter that he‟s suspected of doing it. “Drug dealer” is louder than “suspected” ever will be.” (page 113)

From the quotation above, we can see that how people especially white people have

assumption that Khalill is a drug dealer not as a victim. Also, people not focus to the problem

why he get shot by the police, and the cop as a suspect doesn‟t get negative opinion by the

society. It‟s more like people have a negative stereotype over Khalil because he is black and they have an opinion he is a drug dealer and that‟s why he get shot by the cop.

In this story, when the news of Khalil‟s death appears on TV, and the police chief said

the decision, it shows the unfair decision for the victim, also no justice in it. It showed in this

sentences below,

“… We have taken into consideration the evidence as well as the statement given by the witness, and as of now we see no reason to arrest the officer.” “… I didn‟t say something right, and now the cop‟s not getting arrested. The news basically makes it sound like it‟s Khalil‟s fault he died” (page 140)

From the quotation above, we can see that the decision is not right especially for the

victim. The police chief said there‟s no reason to arrest the officer who killed Khalil even Starr

as the witness already told the whole incident. The news makes a stereotype that Khalil as the

black person died because of his fault, not because the police. Even though in the fact the cop is

wrong but he doesn‟t get the punishment. From this we can see that white people doesn‟t care

enough towards the fact and they beliefs that it is something normal if black person died by

being shot by the police, they also defend the cop by let him free.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 4.2.1.2 Starr Carter

Starr as the only witness and also a victim in this accident also gets negative stereotype by white

people. They are judging her by physical even though she looks normal as a girl. She gets bad

treatment by them just because she is black. When Starr and her daddy have a little conversation

about what Thug Life meant, she knew about the meaning by Khalil‟s explanation before he

died. It showed in this sentences below,

“Khalil said it‟s about what society feed us as youth and how it comes back and bites them later, ”I say. I think it‟s about us, period.” “Black people, minorities, poor people. Everybody at the bottom in society. We‟re the ones who get the short end of the stick, but we‟re the ones they fear the most. That‟s why the government targeted the Black Panthers, right? Because they were scared of the Panthers.” (page 168)

The quotation above means the meaning of Thug Life which is means The Hate U Give

Little Infants F---s Everybody. People see black people as the minorities and poor people, that‟s

how society have an opinion about them. We can see that society has a negative stereotype

towards them, and black people usually become a victim of it. The Black Panthers consist of ten

point programs about black people rights and mostly society fear towards black.

Starr and her dad also have a conversation about the reason why was he a drug dealer and said the negative stereotype about government towards them as the black people, it showed in this sentences below,

“Why was he a drug dealer? Why are so many people in our neighborhood drug dealers?” “They need money,” I say. “And they don‟t have a lot of other ways to get it.” “Right. Lack of opportunities,” Daddy says. “Corporate America don‟t bring jobs to our communities, and they damn sure ain‟t quick to hire us. Then, shit, even if you do have a high school diploma, so many of the schools in our neighborhoods don‟t prepare us well enough.” (page 169)

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA From the quotation above, we can see that the reason why many black people sell drug and most of them became a drug dealer. Black people lack of opportunities to get a job and in the other side, they also need money but it‟s difficult to them to get a job. Most of the black people in the story are middle to lower class people and mostly they are lack of education, and this because they cannot get a proper job to improve their economic condition. Also, about the government, the government have a negative beliefs towards black people and didn‟t bring jobs to them, also the company not sure enough to hire them. The black people are discriminated as they does not get the same opportunities as the white people in getting a job. Companies in

America do not want to give them a job, and they are their last choice. From this we can see different treatment by the company between white and black.

The negative stereotype also comes from her classmates who is white people, they just focus on the statement that Khalil is a drug dealer than the truth of his death, it showed in this sentences below,

“Like, I mean. . . if he was a drug dealer, “Hailey says, “that explains why. . .” “He got killed even though he wasn‟t doing shit? So, it‟s cool he got killed? But I thought you were protesting it?” (page 183)

“… I think I understand though. If I sit out a protest, I‟m making a statement, but if they sit out a protest, they look racist.” (page 186)

The quotation above, we can see that Hailey as a white and also as her close friend at

Williamson school has an assumption that it is okay for Khalil got killed by the cop even he

wasn‟t doing something wrong just because he was a drug dealer. She doesn‟t care about the fact

from the incident, she doesn‟t feel sorry to him because he is black and still see him as a drug

dealer not as a victim by the cop. Also in the second statement shows how exactly white people

has a stereotype towards Khalil as a black person, they protest just to show that they are not

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA racist even in fact they do not really care about the truth of Khalil‟s death, they have an assumption by following the protest they will look concerned even though in reality they just don‟t want to be seen as racist.

4.2.1.3 The Black Society

Black society also get negative stereotype by white people especially by looking their

area, they might think that black people is a bad community and every black is bad too. A

negative also shown in the news towards black people, especially to Starr‟s neighborhood at

Garden Heights which is the majority are black people. It showed in this sentences below,

“… a neighborhood notorious for gangs and drug dealers, I tense as footage of my neighborhood, my home, is shown. It‟s like they picked the worst parts—the drug addicts roaming the streets, the broken-down Cedar Grove projects, gangbangers flashing signs, bodies on the sidewalks with white sheets over them. What about Mrs. Rooks and her cakes? Or Mr. Lewis and his haircuts? Mr. Reuben? The clinic? My family?” (page 245)

This quotation above showed the negative believe of people towards black community.

The news only covers the bad parts of Starr‟s neighborhood which is mostly black. Drug dealers.

Gangbangers and also drug addicts roaming the streets make white people and society have a bad think about black people. Although not all in the black environment are bad, but the good parts are not shown on TV, it makes people think that blacks are criminal and bad. People may belief black community have a bad environment and that‟s why Khalil get shot by the cop, they have assumption that he is a bad person and deserved died. The stereotype towards black people still

happens until now.

4.2.2 Prejudice

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA In this problem, the writer analyzed how the characters judge one to another based on their race and class without even knowing them personally in the novel. The word prejudice refers to prejudgment or making a decision before becoming aware of the relevant facts of a case or an event. In a place that fills with racial discrimination, prejudice in America has becoming the main social disease that needs to be aware off. The worst thing of this kind of disease is that so contagious, could affect people and populations all over the world in a very short period of time. Prejudice can make negative effects toward people in social groups.

4.2.2.1 Starr Carter and Khalil

Starr Carter as the main character and also the witness from the incident of Khalil‟s death

in this novel. The story begins when Starr and Khalil were stopped by the cop, and the cop

asked him to get down, even he asked the cop what he pull them over for but the cop doesn‟t

answer it and not checked him directly, it showed in this sentences below,

“Get out the car! Hands up, where I can see them.” “Hands on the dashboard!” the officer barks at me. “Don‟t move!” “He pats Khalil down. “Okay, smart mouth, let‟s see what we find on you today.” “Stay here, “he tells Khalil. “And you. “He looks in the window at me. “Don‟t move.” “Khalil does, he comes to his door. It‟s not smart to make a sudden move. Khalil does, he opens the driver‟s door.” “You okay, Starr—“ “Pow! One. Khalil‟s body jerks. Blood splatters from his back. He holds on to the door to keep himself upright.” “Pow! Two. Khalil gaps. Pow! Three. Khalil looks at me, stunned.” (page 22-23)

From the quotation above, we can see that the cop has a bad thought about them

especially to Khalil. He has a negative thinking towards him and said he has something. The cop

treated them like bad people. The cop became rude and barks to her. The cop asked them to

hands up and don‟t move, so they have to follow his instruction. Unfortunately, Khalil make a

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA sudden move and opens the driver‟s door to ask Starr while the cop walks back to his patrol car to check his identity. When the cop saw his movement, he directly shot him three times without checking him first. The cop shot him because he is afraid that black people usually bring the gun.

From it we can see the cop has a negative prejudice towards them, black people. The cop being suspicious and did something fatal.

4.2.2.2 Khalil

Also, the reason the cop shot him because he felt threatened and afraid by looking him,

from this we can see that the cop has a negative thinking towards them because they are black, it

can be seen in this statement,

“… it could explain Brian‟s decision if he felt threatened.” “And what made the cop think he was a drug dealer?” “… he thought Khalil was a drug dealer, “Daddy says. “A thug. Why he assumed that though? What? By looking at Khalil? Explain that, Detective.” (page 52)

The quotation above showed that the cop called Brian, he felt threatened when he saw

Khalil holding something, and he thinks the thing is gun. The cop has a negative attitude towards them because they are black and he thought he was a drug dealer by looking at him, the cop was suspicious towards him because he is a black and judged that all black people have a gun, that‟s why the cop shot him directly. He assumed Khalil as a black want to attack him by using his hairbrush which the cop thought is a gun.

As the cop thought the gun which is a hairbrush that Khalil used in the car, it showed the cop has a negative thinking over Khalil, he felt fear when Khalil suddenly moved and hold something like a gun, here is the quotation,

“It‟s a photograph of Khalil‟s black hairbrush, the one he used in the car.”

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA “That‟s the so-called gun,” Ms. Ofrah explains. “Officer Cruise claims he saw it in the car door, and he assumed Khalil was reaching for it. The handle was thick enough, black enough, for him to assume it was a gun.” (page 217)

The quotation above showed the description of the Khalil‟s hairbrush which is the cop thinks a gun. Ms. Ofrah as a leader of Just Us for Justice that is a small organization in Garden

Heights. The cop assumed the thing is a gun without checked it first, he shot Khalil directly. It is clearly that the cop has a negative prejudice towards him just because they are black.

In the other side, when Brian‟s daddy has an interviewed and when the interviewer asks about that night, he talked about his son‟s life before the shooting, he has an opinion how he was a good kid, he can‟t believe his son becomes a racist person, like in the statement below,

“Apparently, Brian pulled the kid over‟ cause he had a broken taillight and was speeding” “Khalil wasn‟t speeding (Starr‟s opinion) “He told me, „Pop, soon as I pulled him over, I had a bad feeling, “says One- Fifteen Sr. He said the kid and his friend immediately started cursing him out—“ “We never cursed. (Starr‟s opinion) “and they kept glancing at each other, like they were up to something. Brian says that‟s when he got scared, „cause they could‟ve taken him down if they teamed up.” “Brian says he had his back to the kid, and he heard the kid say, I‟m gon‟ show your ass today.” “No, no, no. Khalil asked if I was okay. (Starr‟s opinion) “Brian turned around and saw something in the car door. He thought it was a gun—” “It was a hairbrush. (Starr‟s opinion) (page 246-247)

From the quotation above showed that Brian‟s dad told the fake facts about the incident to the public. He wanted to defend his guilty son and acted like a victim in the incident and make people felt sorry to his son who is the cop. The fake statements expressed by his dad makes

Khalil looks like a suspect and he deserved died. It is not fair for Khalil who is the real victim in this incident. From this it is clear to see that Brian‟s dad make people have bad opinions towards black people. Negative prejudice is clear to see in the quotations.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA The negative prejudice also showed by Hailey who is a white and Starr‟s close friend at school, she felt sorry over the cop but not to Khalil, it can be seen in the quotation below,

“This is awful, ”Hailey says. “That poor family.” “His son lost everything because he was trying to do his job and protect himself. His life matters too, you know?” (page 248)

In the quotation above, we can see how Hailey as a white person defends the cop who is a white too without see the fact of the incident. Khalil as a real victim of it should get attention by the people, but Hailey just care to the cop and said that his life matters too. She said it without worry. From this statement we can see that Hailey doesn‟t like and not care enough towards black people. She might thinks that the cop is not wrong to shot Khalil as a black and he deserved died.

Also in this quotation below shows how she doesn‟t care enough towards Khalil and she just focuses on the bad parts of Khalil‟s life. Like in the statement below,

“He was probably gonna end up dead anyway. He was a drug dealer and a gangbanger,” Hailey says. “Somebody was gonna kill him eventually.” “The cop probably did everyone a favor. One less drug dealer on the—” (page 341)

The quotation above shows that how Hailey‟s attitude towards him. She has negative prejudice to him because she knew him as drug dealer and gangbanger. That‟s why she disliking him. She might thinks that it is okay to him to get shot by the cop because he had bad background of life. Drug dealer and gangbanger are criminal according to her, so she doesn‟t feel sorry to him as a black.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA The negative assumption also comes from the society, they might think about his background and know him as a drug dealer, so they don‟t really care about his death, here is the quote below,

“I don‟t understand how everyone can make it seem like it‟s okay he got killed if he was a drug dealer and a gangbanger.” (page 288)

In this quotation above, showed how society judged him by looking his background.

People only focus to the news that told he was a drug dealer and a gangbanger. They don‟t see

him as a victim in the incident. It is clearly to see that people have negative prejudice to him.

4.2.2.3 Starr Carter

As Starr said in the interviewed with Mrs. Carey in Diane Carey’s Friday Night News

Special, she told her opinion about how black people get negative prejudice from white people

and it is really hurt her and her community, here is the quotation below,

“My uncle‟s a cop. I‟m always scared for my uncle. But I‟m tired of them assuming. Especially when it comes to black people.” “You wish that more cops wouldn‟t make assumptions about black people?” she clarifies. “Right. This all happened because he”—I can‟t say his name—“assumed that we were up to no good. Because we‟re black and because of where we live. His assumption killed Khalil. It could‟ve killed me.” (page 289-290)

From this quotation above, Starr‟s uncle named Carlos and he is white, she feels scared

towards him even he is a kind man and never do something racist, it can be seen that white

people especially more cops have bad assumption towards black people. They assumed that all

black people are bad and disliking them. The cops always suspicious towards them and let their

mind to judge black, that‟s why the cop who was killed Khalil felt threatened and fear by looking

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA at him, because he is black, they are black, he thought that he was a criminal. Negative prejudice by the cop makes him easy to kill him.

4.2.3 Social Rejection

In this problem, the writer analyzed how the characters reject about a person or

something because of their weakness. In The Hate U Give, there are some characters who showed rejection of the another one, they are Hailey who is a white person and also as Starr‟s close friend at school, and Starr‟s friends at Williamson school, also another white people in this story.

4.2.3.1 Starr Carter

Starr who is a black girl have to separate her life between Garden Heights and

Williamson which is as her school and white people as the majority at the school. It‟s different with Garden Heights as her neighborhood and the majority is black people. She has to choose which Starr to be, social rejection from the school environment especially by white people to her.

Like in the statements below,

“ I just have to be normal Starr at normal Williamson and have a normal day.That means flipping the switch in my brain so I‟m Williamson Starr. Williamson Starr doesn‟t use slang—if a rapper would say it, she doesn‟t say it, even if her white friends do. Williamson Starr holds her tongue when people piss her off so nobody will think she‟s the “angry black girl.” Williamson Starr is approachable. No stank-eyes, side-eyes, none of that. Williamson Starr is no confrontational. Basically, Williamson Starr doesn‟t give anyone a reason to call her ghetto.” (page 71)

“Being two different people is so exhausting. I‟ve taught myself to speak with two different voices and only say certain things around certain people. I‟ve mastered it.” (page 301)

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA In the quotations above shows how Starr tries to be different from how she used to be in

Garden Heights, she makes a new version of herself, the Williamson Starr, who is completely different from the Starr in Garden Heights. She doesn‟t be herself as the real Starr who is a black

person at Garden Heights. She doesn‟t feel free to act as she is in front of her white friends at

school. She needs to keep her attitudes and seems like following her white friends act. In

Williamson she speaks politely, she acts less aggressive, she behaves like how she thinks her

fellow white friends will act. It also can be seen that Starr continuously mentions the

“Williamson Starr” to emphasizes how different the characteristics of the “Garden Heights Starr”

and the “Williamson Starr”. From this statement, it is clearly to see that she got rejection by her

white friends at school. The quotation below also shows how Starr really wants to be herself at

Williamson school,

“I just wish I could be myself at Williamson like Will was himself in Bel-Air.” (page 35)

The quotation above shows that Starr hopes for being herself at her school, so far she didn‟t feel comfortable being another person, she wants being herself in everywhere and act like she is, she needs to change herself at school because almost students are white people.

The rejection attitude also comes from the other white people towards Starr and her boy friend named Chris. He is a white person. Here is the quotation below,

“I can‟t lie, we get the “why is he dating her” stare that usually comes from rich white girls.” (page 83)

The statement above shows that how the other especially white people have negative

attitude towards Starr who has a white boy friend. They reject if black and white have close

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA relation. They think it‟s something abnormal and can‟t accept it. We can find out the social

rejection by other white people towards black still happen.

The rejection also showed by Hailey as Starr‟s close friend towards her. She didn‟t like

all the news about the deaths of blacks being killed by whites. That‟s why she unfollowed Starr‟s

Tumblr, her social media. Starr posted a photo of black person who was killed by white person.

It can be seen in the quotation below,

“… why did you unfollow my Tumblr? You unfollowed my Tumblr. Why? You unfollowed me. Months ago. Why? Is it because of the Emmett Till picture?” “No. All the „black stuff,‟ she called it. The petition. The Black Panther pictures. The stuff about that Marcus Garvey guy. The one about those Black Panthers who were shot by the government.” (page 249-250)

From the quotation above, it showed the real reason why Hailey unfollowed Starr‟s

Tumblr. She doesn‟t like when Starr posted news about Emmet Till, a fourteen-year-old black

boy who was murdered for whistling at a white woman in 1955. His mutilated body didn‟t look

human. She doesn‟t like everything about black people even she realized she has a close friend

who is a black girl. She rejected all about black stuff. From this we can see that Hailey as a

white girl rejected Starr as her black friend.

Another rejection comes by Hailey, when Starr invited Maya and her to sleepover at

Starr‟s house, but she rejected the invitation, it can be seen in the quotation below,

“I made the mistake of inviting them to a sleepover in seventh grade. Hailey didn‟t come. Her dad didn‟t want her spending the night in “the ghetto”. I overheard my parents say that. Maya came but ended up asking her parents to come get her that night.” (page 36)

In the quotation above shows when Starr invites Hailey and Maya to come to her house in

Garden Height, Hailey‟s father does not allow her to come because he does not want her

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA daughter to spend the night in “The Ghetto”. “Ghetto is a word uses to address a part of the city especially the slum area where the minority lives. Hailey‟s father indirectly says that Starr and the other black people in the story are poor people who live in slum and he will not allow her daughter to spend her time in that kind of place.

Social rejection also comes from her friends at Williamson school towards her as a black, when Starr as a witness in the incident can‟t share what she knows about a whole incident towards her friends. She just keeps it by herself and only her family knew about it. She worried if

her friends know the fact of it, they will reject her statement, here is the quotation below,

“... people use it against me. Either I‟m poor Starr who saw her friend get killed in a drive-by, or Starr the charity case who lives in the ghetto.” (page 300)

The quotation above shows that Starr as a black girl get not telling about the whole

incident towards people around school. She felt that people use it against her because her

statement including fact that white people do racist towards black. Her friends who are whites

will have negative assumption towards her and could reject her statement. From this we can see

that, her friends at Williamson can‟t accept her identity as a black and refuse the fact that she wants to tell them.

The protest also comes by Starr and others black people who get unfair decision by the government about Khalil‟s case. The government doesn‟t give any punishment towards the police who has killed Khalil. They did protest because the decision by the government rejected

Starr‟s witness. It shows in the sentences below,

“Starr, think about this, ”Chris says. “That won‟t solve anything.” “And neither did talking!” I snap. “I did everything right, and it didn‟t make a fucking difference. I‟ve gotten death threats, cops harassed my family, somebody shot into my

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA house, all kinds of shit. And for what? Justice Khalil won‟t get? They don‟t give a fuck about us, so fine. I no longer give a fuck.” (page 389-390)

In the statement above shows Starr who is mad because of the court decision to do not indict the police officer who has killed Khalil decides to join the riot, but Chris does not agree with it. When Starr decides to join the riot to show her anger and to get justice for Khalil, it is not only anger that can be seen in there but also frustration. The way Starr snaps at Chris and says that all things she has done is for nothing shows how frustrated she is. She has given them her witness, gotten death threats, cops harassed her family, somebody shot into her house, and other things that endanger her and people around her, but still Khalil does not get the justice he deserves. Her frustration has lead her to make a decision to be a part of riot, the fastest way for her to show her anger and to make her heard.

4.3 Findings

Based on the analysis above, the writer found some findings which are the results of the problems. The writer found racial discrimination which happened towards black people and how white people discriminated them which portrayed in the novel, the characteristics of racial discrimination itself such as stereotype, prejudice and social rejection also found in the novel.

As we know that racial discrimination is not new phenomena in the world and nowadays this case still exist. The newest case was happened in May 2020, black man became the victim and he got racial discrimination treatment by white man. There are many cases racial discrimination in the world and the cases was exposed by media such as television and many social media. From those cases we can see that racial discrimination issues still happened and the

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA victims are black people. Racial discrimination happened because the majority feel superior over the minority. The majority feel they have super power over minority and they can do anything towards minority including discriminated them, there is no equality towards them as human being. Another cause is related with stereotype, prejudice and social rejection in society. The majority usually have bad stereotype over minority and it also makes bad assumption towards them, the negative attitude by majority can leads social rejection and discrimination over minority in society. The effects of racial discrimination itself makes minority feel under pressure by getting bad treatment, they don‟t get equal rights as human being also get unfair treatment by majority because of racial problem.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

5.1 Conclusion

Based on the result of analysis and finding in chapter IV, the writer can conclude the subject matter which reflected in The Hate U Give novel.

1. In the first problem, the writer gets conclusion that racial discrimination portrayed in this

novel The Hate U Give through the characters who gets racial discrimination treatment

are Starr Carter, Khalil, Maverick Carter and The black Society.

2. In the second problem, the writer gets conclusion that the characteristics in racial

discrimination happened based on the attitude of stereotype through the characters such

as Starr Carter, Khalil, and The Black Society, prejudice through the characters such as

Starr Carter and Khalil, Khalil, and Starr Carter and social rejection through the character

Starr Carter.

5.2 Suggestion

The Hate U Give novel is very interesting to be read and analyzed. The story in this

novel gives the clear example of how racial discrimination portrayed in it and also how the

stereotype, prejudice, and social rejection happened. So, the readers and the learners can

understand and get more knowledge about it.

The writer hopes that this research can be understood by the reader and the reader can

learn it well. Furthermore, we as human can understand the aim and the impact of social

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA rejection, and finally we can understand the good relationship between human being. Because after all, even the rules are created, still discrimination can not be eliminated just like that. We have to look at our self before discriminate others.

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UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA APPENDICES

SUMMARY OF THE HATE U GIVE NOVEL

The novel opens on 16-year-old protagonist Starr Carter attending a spring break party with her friend, Kenya. Starr‟s family lives in Garden Heights, a predominantly black and impoverished urban neighborhood, but she and her brothers attend a ritzy and mostly white private school forty-five minutes away. At the party, Starr is acutely aware of the double-sided personality this lifestyle engenders: she tries not to act “ghetto” at school, but neighborhood kids accuse her of abandoning them for white friends. Starr has just started to catch up with Khalil—her best friend from childhood, who has entered the dangerous world of drug dealing since Starr began attending prep school—when a gang dispute leads to a dancefloor gunfight. Starr and Khalil flee the scene and are pulled over by a police officer for driving with a broken taillight. The officer pats Khalil down and walks back to his car. When Khalil opens his car door to ask Starr if she‟s okay, the officer opens fire, and Starr watches her friend die. The grief, confusion, anger, and fear that Starr must deal with in the aftermath of Khalil‟s death make her initially unwilling to identify herself as the sole witness of the night‟s events. As time passes, however, she loses her reluctance, serving as part of the police department‟s investigation, speaking to the local defense attorney, and hiring a lawyer from a local activist group. Starr ultimately embraces activism herself by advocating for justice for Khalil on a nationally-televised interview and brazenly joining street protests after a grand jury fails to indict the officer who shot Khalil. Throughout the weeks that follow Khalil‟s death, Starr must grapple not only with her own guilt and trauma, but also with white classmates who use the event as an excuse to get out of class or imply that the officer had done society a favor by shooting a drug dealer. She hides her involvement from her Williamson friends and her white boyfriend, Chris, before the truth comes bubbling up and Starr realizes which of her friends are worth keeping. The tragedy of Khalil‟s death tears through a neighborhood already fragmented by drugs and violence from deeply entrenched gangs. Starr‟s father, Maverick, is a former gang member who spent time in prison before he could extricate himself from the street life. His long-standing feud with Kenya‟s father, King—a gangster who effectively runs the neighborhood—puts Starr‟s family in constant danger. Tensions arise between Maverick and his brother-in-law Carlos; Carlos was Starr‟s first father figure while Maverick was locked up. The tense situation is further complicated because Carlos is a cop serving on the same force as the officer who shot Khalil. Torn between the protective impulse he feels for Starr and the loyalty he has towards his career, Carlos helps Starr see that police cannot be characterized as generally corrupt or bad people. Starr‟s mother, Lisa, argues with Maverick about whether the family should move out of Garden Heights. At first, Maverick is opposed because he believes he can best improve Garden Heights when he is living in it; Lisa counters that their family‟s safety is a priority and that Maverick can continue to use the grocery store he owns in the neighborhood as a means to help the community. Ultimately, the family moves to the suburbs, but Starr‟s brother Seven—who lives with Kenya and King—remains torn between the urge to stay and protect his mother and sisters, and the desire to attend college outside of the city. Meanwhile, a newly initiated gangbanger named DeVante turns to Maverick for help in getting out of the gang; he ends up living with Carlos.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA The tensions and feuds running through the novel come to a head with the grand jury decision over whether to arrest the officer who shot Khalil. When the jury fails to indict, protests and riots take over Garden Heights. King takes advantage of the chaos to set fire to Maverick‟s store while Starr, Chris, Seven, and DeVante are trapped inside. With Maverick‟s help, they manage to escape; the neighborhood turns on King, getting him arrested for arson. With the promise of Carlos‟s protection, DeVante agrees to serve as witness to King‟s drug-dealing schemes, removing him from the neighborhood‟s gang scene and ending his abuse towards Kenya and Seven‟s mother. Maverick also grows to accept Chris, inviting his daughter‟s boyfriend to go boxing with him. The novel ends with Starr making a promise to Khalil‟s memory: she won‟t remain silent, and will continue fighting against injustice.

BIOGRAPHY OF ANGIE THOMAS

Angie Thomas was born, raised, and still resides in Jackson, Mississippi. Her debut novel The Hate U Give was a #1 New York Times Bestseller and was acquired by the Balzer + Bray imprint of HarperCollins Publishers in a 13-house auction. It has received starred reviews from 8 literary journals, one of the highest amounts received for a young adult novel, and will be published in over 20 countries. The New York Times and Entertainment Weekly both called it required reading. Film rights have been optioned by Fox 2000 and Temple Hill Productions with George Tillman attached to direct and Hunger Games actress Amandla Stenberg attached to star; the film was released October 19, 2018. Inspired by the Black Lives Matter movement, Thomas‟s searing debut about an ordinary girl in extraordinary circumstances addresses issues of racism and police violence with intelligence, heart, and unflinching honesty. Sixteen-year-old Starr Carter navigates between the poverty- stricken neighborhood she has grown up in and the upper-crust suburban prep school she attends. Her life is up-ended when she is the sole witness to a police officer shooting her best friend, Khalil, who turns out to have been unarmed during the confrontation—but may or may not have been a drug dealer. As Starr finds herself even more torn between the two vastly different worlds she inhabits, she also has to contend with speaking her truth and, in the process, trying to stay alive herself. Thomas holds a BFA in Creative Writing from Belhaven University. She is the inaugural winner of the Walter Dean Myers Grant from the activist group We Need Diverse Books. Like her novel‟s protagonist Starr Carter, she is a fan of Tupac, sneakers, and Harry Potter.

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