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¡Santas Historias Batman! El Comic: Más Que Dibujitos

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¡Santas Historias Batman! El Comic: Más Que Dibujitos BENEMÉRITA UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA DE PUEBLA FACULTAD DE FILOSOFÍA Y LETRAS COLEGIO DE HISTORIA ¡SANTAS HISTORIAS BATMAN! EL COMIC: MÁS QUE DIBUJITOS. LA IMPORTANCIA HISTÓRICA, SOCIAL Y CULTURAL DEL COMIC DE SUPERHÉROES. TESIS PROFESIONAL QUE PARA OBTENER EL GRADO DE LICENCIADO EN HISTORIA PRESENTA: MARÍA DE LOS ANGELES ROMERO SORIA ASESOR: DR. MARCO ANTONIO VELÁZQUEZ ALBO Abril de 2016 BENEMÉRITA UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA DE PUEBLA FACULTAD DE FILOSOFÍA Y LETRAS COLEGIO DE HISTORIA ¡SANTAS HISTORIAS BATMAN! EL COMIC: MÁS QUE DIBUJITOS.LA IMPORTANCIA HISTORICA, SOCIAL Y CULTURAL DEL COMIC DE SUPERHÉROES. TESIS PROFESIONAL PARA OBTENER EL GRADO DE LICENCIADO EN HISTORIA PRESENTA: MARÍA DE LOS ANGELES ROMERO SORIA ASESOR: DR. MARCO ANTONIO VELÁZQUEZ ALBO Abril de 2016. 2 AGRADECIMIENTOS. Esta es tal vez la parte más difícil de escribir en una tesis. No es porque implique aplicar los conocimientos adquiridos a lo largo de la carrera o de teorizar o de escribir términos y palabras raras, es difícil porque a lo largo de la vida encontramos a tantas personas, algunas solo van de paso pero otras te marcan y dejan una huella especial en tu corazón y en tu vida, son de esas personas en verdad especiales que se quedan grabados en mente, alma y corazón. Por eso es difícil escribir esta parte porque quisieras agradecer a tantos que se vuelve algo difícil, razón por la cual agradeceré a aquellas personas que son una parte especial e importante de mi vida, esto no significa que los demás no lo sean es solo que las personas que aparecen a continuación son aún más especiales y significativas. Primero quiero agradecer a ese ser que muchos llaman y conocen con diferentes nombres, para mi es Dios, el Señor que guía mi camino y en quien tengo mi fe depositada, al igual que a María Auxiliadora que desde siempre ha cuidado de mí y caminado conmigo. ¡MUCHISIMAS GRACIAS! A mis superhéroes favoritos: mi papá David Romero Arellano y a mi mamá María de los Angeles Soria Galindo, ustedes me dieron lo más valioso que hay en este mundo: su amor y su fe en mí, han creído en mí siempre y me han acompañado en cada aventura y decisión que tomo, también han estado conmigo en mis momentos de alegría y tristeza, el ser su hija es el honor más grande que he recibido. Muchas gracias por todo lo que me han dado, ustedes son los mejores padres del mundo. A mis hermanos, Dolores Areli Romero Soria y David Romero Soria por ser de alguna manera un ejemplo para mí y por las bromas que logran que quiera demostrar que puedo ser mejor. A mis pequeñas Arely, Ximena y Daniela por ser las tres niñas de mi corazón y mi motor para ser la mejor tía del planeta. Ustedes siempre dibujan una sonrisa en mi corazón. A mis tíos Enedina Romero Arellano y Guillermo Matadamas Cortés por apoyarme en el momento que más lo necesitaba. 3 A Nayeli Díaz Soria por ser una gran prima y compañera en esta loca etapa llamada universidad, por estar conmigo, riendo, bromeando y soñando. A Beto por ser mi inseparable compañero de aventuras desde hace 22 años, por ser el mejor amigo que un niño podría desear, por estar en todos los momentos tanto buenos como malos y porque siempre tiene un abrazo listo para mí. A mi historiador favorito Luis Alejandro Morales Barranco por ser mi complemento perfectamente imperfecto, por ser mi compañero en esta aventura que llaman vida, por su paciencia y amor, por los besos y abrazos que reconfortan mi alma y alegran mi corazón, por los ánimos y palabras de aliento, por estar conmigo en los momentos buenos y malos de la vida, por ser mi novio, amigo, compañero, confidente, superhéroe… en fin, por ser de lo más valioso que tengo, gracias por estar en mi vida. A mi ingeniera favorita Monzerrat Solís Gómez por ser la mejor amiga del mundo, por las palabras de aliento que reconfortan mi alma, por apoyarme siempre y alegrar mi corazón, por las locuras que hemos vivido, por ser de lo más valioso que tengo, por brindarme tu amistad incondicional y por estar siempre a mi lado cuando lo necesito, por los abrazos que me dan fuerza… simplemente gracias por tu amistad. A mi mejor amigo Alan Eugenio González por su amistad sincera, por compartir su vida conmigo, por hacerme reír, por las pláticas nocturnas, por comprenderme y escucharme, por cruzarse en mí camino, gracias por hacer que nuestros corazones se hayan entendido mutuamente. A todos mis amigos y compañeros de generación y de vida, nombrarlos sería un reto y temo olvidar algunos nombres por los cual hablo en general, gracias a todos mis amigos, de cada uno me llevo un recuerdo o anécdota especial, gracias por ser parte de mi historia. A mi padawan Mariana Alejandra Jaramillo Tepato por animarme, por hacerme recordar varias cosas importantes que me han ayudado y por impulsarme a ser mejor. A mis profesores y en especial al profesor Marco Velázquez por ser mi sensei y creer en esta investigación, por juntos ir aprendiendo uno del otro, yo aprendiendo sobre historia y usted sobre comics. Gracias también al profesor Pablo Acuahuitl por su apoyo, por las pláticas, por 4 las bromas y por ser un gran sensei, de igual forma agradezco al profesor Amado Manuel Cortés por su apoyo para presentar esta tesis y por el interés mostrado en mi tema. Gracias totales. A los cartoonist por crear sus personajes y a los superhéroes y personajes de comic por llenar mi mundo de magia, ilusión y aventuras, por permitirme seguir soñando, por las lecciones que dan y por ser parte importante de mí ser. Al fandom por las alegrías, las risas y las emociones que me ha dado, así como los amigos que me ha brindado. Y por último le agradezco a la pequeña Angel por jamás rendirse, por no abandonar lo que le apasiona, por siempre luchar por sus sueños y por seguir siendo la niña que deseó llegar muy alto. Esta tesis está dedicada a todos los que amamos los comics, el anime, a los muñequitos y a los superhéroes, es decir, a todos los frikis… Frikis del mundo ¡UNIOS! 5 PRESENTACIÓN. El trabajo que usted está a punto de leer presenta un tema muy fascinante, un tema tan grande e intrigante como el universo mismo: El Comic. Con esas dos líneas usted amable lector podría pensar que estoy fanfarroneando o que simplemente soy una de esas personas que se quiere lucir pero créame, después de leer este trabajo de investigación quedará convencido de que realmente se ha desacreditado al comic y que no es tan simple como siempre nos lo hacen ver. Bien, antes de que comience a leer acerca de los comics quiero expresarle mi sentir ante esta tesis; este tema comienza a surgir en mí, gracias a una conversación en una tarde de verano, digamos que el destino me puso estratégicamente en el lugar, en el tiempo y con la persona adecuada para que la semilla de la duda germinara en mí y terminara por decir: Soy historiadora, me gustan los comics ¿Por qué no combinarlos? Y boom, zaz, cuas: la magia surgió. ¡Santos problemas en los que te has metido, Batman! Analizando y reflexionando aquella conversación surgieron en mi muchas preguntas y problemáticas, la principal reflexión a la que llegué y se volvió detonante fue: el problema del historiador mexicano contemporáneo que es el temor a entrar a temas de relevancia social, donde es más fácil quedarse en su zona de confort, olvidándose de la responsabilidad que tiene ante la sociedad y volviendo la Historia en algo tedioso, gris y aburrido, esto no puede seguir así, los historiadores debemos cambiar los enfoques, los aires y comenzar a trabajar los temas que nos conecten más con nuestra sociedad. Esto me llevó a preguntarme ¿Por qué no trabajar temas de la Cultura Pop? Música, comics, personajes, películas, caricaturas, series, incluso el deporte y todo eso que a simple vista parecería banal pero que son temas “poderosos”, relevantes y fascinantes. Los comics no están solos, están en el gusto popular junto con el cine, la televisión, la música y toda la industria del entretenimiento transformándose en “lectura de masas”, esta industria del esparcimiento descubre en las grandes mayorías a sus potenciales consumidores y así los comics se vuelven pieza importante para el esparcimiento y el ocio colectivo. El comic, además de su función comercial, ha ocupado un lugar en el desarrollo cultural de las naciones que pocos se atreven a reconocer ¿Cuál es el lugar del comic en la cultura pop? Es un lugar 6 importante y representativo ya que se considera el “noveno arte” por todo lo que significa dentro de la cultura pop. Después de tener esta reflexión detonante, como si fuera una pequeña que descubre el mundo, comencé a preguntarme ¿Qué es el comic? ¿Cómo ha sido su evolución? ¿Puede el comic ser una fuente histórica? ¿Los comics son reflejos de la sociedad? ¿Puede un comic generar conciencia histórica, donde un hombre, mujer, niño o niña sean capaces de descubrir que su presente es consecuencia del pasado y por lo tanto deben estar conscientes de ello? ¿Un dibujo es capaz de lograr conciencia histórica? Preguntas que en ese momento (además de traerme una crisis) me fueron difíciles de contestar pero gracias a esta investigación contesté. Lo mejor es que quien lea este trabajo podrá adentrarse, ilustrarse y divertirse con este mundo del comic. Comics que son escritos en un espacio y tiempo determinados siendo reflejo de los sueños y esperanzas, de los miedos y problemas de la sociedad.
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