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Regional Cooperation Strategy on Interconnected Power Networks in Indochina JBICI Research Paper No.18 Regional Cooperation Strategy on Interconnected Power Networks in Indochina August 2002 JBIC Institute Japan Bank for International Cooperation JBICI Research Paper No. 18 Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC) Published in August 2002 © 2002 Japan Bank for International Cooperation All rights reserved. This Research Paper is based on the findings and discussion of the JBIC Institute (JBICI). The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the JBIC. No part of this Research Paper may be reproduced in any form without the express permission of the publisher. For further information please contact the Planning and Coordination Division of our Institute. Foreword This research project is intended to examine the feasibility of interconnected power networks, which play an important role in power sector cooperation, in Cambodia, Laos, Thailand and Vietnam in the Indochina region, identify conditions and issues for the realization of the system interconnection, and make recommendations on future strategies to the governments. The countries and various organizations, as we have seen, have carried out many studies on the power sectors of the region and reported the effectiveness of the system interconnection. However, the economic benefit from the system interconnection, particularly from system reliability improvement, has not been identified quantitatively. In this report, we measure the benefit of the system interconnection in monetary terms with the analytical tools commonly used in Japan, and examine the financial viability of the networks. We believe this study bridges the missing part and makes a further step for the realization of the interconnected power networks in Indochina, and hope this report provides valuable information and viewpoints not only to persons involved with the Indochina region, but also persons who are interested in developing strategies and regional cooperation on system interconnections in developing countries. Finally, I would like to express our deep appreciation for the cooperation and advice offered by the governments of Cambodia, Laos, Thailand and Vietnam, their agencies and various Japanese institutions that have made this survey possible. August 2002 Koji Fujimoto Executive Director JBIC Institute Japan Bank for International Cooperation i (JBIC Institute) Masaya Kawaguchi Researcher, Development Policy Research Division, JBIC Institute (Survey Team) Noboru Seki Planning Manager, Engineering Department, Tokyo Electric Power Company, Inc. Masahiko Tada Group Manager, Transmission System Department, Overseas Business Center, Tokyo Electric Power Services Co., Ltd. Yasuhiro Yokosawa Manager, International Project Development Group, Transmission & Substation Construction Department, Tokyo Electric Power Company, Inc. Nobuya Maekawa Manager, International Project Development Group, Transmission & Substation Construction Department, Tokyo Electric Power Company, Inc. ii Contents Foreword ････････････････････････････････････････････････････････････････････ ⅰ Contents ････････････････････････････････････････････････････････････････････ ⅲ List of Tables ････････････････････････････････････････････････････････････････ ⅴ List of Figures ･･･････････････････････････････････････････････････････････････ ⅶ Acronyms and Abbreviations ･･････････････････････････････････････････････････ ⅸ Map of Indochina ････････････････････････････････････････････････････････････ ⅻ Executive Summary ･････････････････････････････････････････････････････････ S-1 Chapter Ⅰ Introduction ･･････････････････････････････････････････････････････ 1 1.1 Background and Purpose ････････････････････････････････････････ 1 1.2 Study Methodology ･････････････････････････････････････････････ 1 1.3 Framework of the Study and Report ･･････････････････････････････ 2 Chapter Ⅱ Present State and Future Plans of the Power Sectors ･････････････････ 3 2.1 Present Social Situation ･････････････････････････････････････････ 3 2.1.1 Summary of the Present Social Situation ････････････････････ 3 2.1.2 Economic Situation ････････････････････････････････････････ 4 2.1.3 Potential Energy Resources ････････････････････････････････ 7 2.2 Present Situation and Future Plans of the Power Sectors ･･････････ 11 2.2.1 Cambodia ････････････････････････････････････････････････ 11 2.2.2 Laos ････････････････････････････････････････････････････ 20 2.2.3 Thailand ････････････････････････････････････････････････ 28 2.2.4 Vietnam ･････････････････････････････････････････････････ 35 2.3 Support of Various Organizations for the Power Sectors ･･･････････ 44 2.4 Studies on the System Interconnection in the Indochina Region･････ 45 Chapter Ⅲ Plan for the Interconnected Power Networks in Indochina ････････････ 47 3.1 Study Methodology ････････････････････････････････････････････ 47 3.1.1 For System Reliability Aspects ･････････････････････････････ 47 3.1.2 For Fuel Cost Aspects ･････････････････････････････････････ 50 3.1.3 For Financial Analysis ････････････････････････････････････ 52 3.2 Definition of the Interconnected Transmission Line ･･･････････････ 52 3.3 Feasibility of the Interconnected Transmission Line Project ･･･････ 53 3.3.1 Results on the System Reliability Aspects Study ･････････････ 53 3.3.2 Results on the Fuel Cost Aspects Study ･････････････････････ 66 3.3.3 Economic Performance Comparison ････････････････････････ 79 3.3.4 Verification of the Benefits through the System Interconnection up to 2020 ････････････････････････････････ 82 3.3.5 Results on the Financial Analysis ･･････････････････････････ 90 3.3.6 Application to Rural Electrification ････････････････････････ 97 Chapter Ⅳ Conditions, Issues, and Recommendations ･････････････････････････ 102 4.1 More Beneficial Plans for the System Interconnection ････････････ 102 4.1.1 Confirmation of the Benefits from the System Interconnection ･ 102 4.1.2 Proposals for the More Beneficial Plans for the System Interconnection ･･････････････････････････････ 102 4.2 Conditions, Issues, and Recommendations for the Realization of the System Interconnection ･･･････････････････････････････････ 104 iii 4.2.1 Conditions and Issues for the Realization of the System Interconnection Benefits ･･････････････････････････････････ 104 4.2.2 Recommendations for the Implementation of the System Interconnection ･････････････････････････････････････････ 111 Chapter Ⅴ Support for the Realization of the System Interconnection ･･･････････ 113 5.1 Introduction ･････････････････････････････････････････････････ 113 5.2 For Analysis of the Present Situations and Planning of the System Interconnection ･･･････････････････････････････････ 113 5.3 For Arrangement the Necessary Conditions ･････････････････････ 113 5.4 For Construction, Operation and Maintenance of the Inter connected Transmission Line ･････････････････････････ 114 Chapter Ⅵ Closing Remarks ････････････････････････････････････････････････ 116 (Appendix Example of Japan) Chapter A1 Wide Area Coordinated Operation in Japan ････････････････････････ 117 A1.1 System Interconnection in Japan ････････････････････････････････ 117 A1.2 Wide Area Coordinated Operation ･･･････････････････････････････ 117 A1.3 Outline of the Wide Area Coordinated Operation ･･････････････････ 118 A1.3.1 Power Exchange for Mutually Balancing Demand and Supply ･･ 118 A1.3.2 Wide Area Mutual Cooperative Exchange Power ･･････････････ 118 A1.3.3 Power Exchange for Economical Operation ････････････････････ 119 A1.4 New Economical Exchange System ･･･････････････････････････････ 119 A1.4.1 Schedule ･････････････････････････････････････････････････････ 119 A1.4.2 Method for Selecting Companies ･･･････････････････････････････ 120 A1.4.3 Accounting ･･･････････････････････････････････････････････････ 120 Chapter A2 Hokkaido and Honshu Power Interconnection ･･････････････････････ 121 A2.1 Wide Area Coordinated Operation System ････････････････････････ 121 A2.2 Operation of the Hokkaido Honshu HVDC Link ･･･････････････････ 121 A2.3 Expense Sharing System ･･･････････････････････････････････････ 121 A2.4 Use Charge ････････････････････････････････････････････････････ 122 References ････････････････････････････････････････････････････････････････ 123 iv List of Tables Table 2-1 Present Situation of the Indochina Region ････････････････････ 3 Table 2-2 Main Power Plants in Cambodia ･･･････････････････････････ 16 Table 2-3 Power Plant Development Plan in Cambodia ･･･････････････ 17 Table 2-4 Main Hydropower Plants in Laos ･･･････････････････････････ 24 Table 2-5 Thailand’s System Installed Capacity ･･･････････････････････ 31 Table 2-6 Vietnam’s System Installed Capacity ･･･････････････････････ 39 Table 2-7 Power Plant Development Plan in Vietnam ･･････････････････ 41 Table 3-1 System Reliability of the Target and the PDP Base in 2015 ･･･ 53 Table 3-2 Maximum Power Demand and Installed Capacity (Base Case, 2015) ･････････････････････････････････････････ 54 Table 3-3 Available Reserve Capacity Saving in 2015 ･･････････････････ 66 Table 3-4 Unit Construction Cost and Unit Fuel Cost ･･････････････････ 66 Table 3-5 Annual Cost (Base Case, 2015) ･････････････････････････････ 67 Table 3-6 Annual Cost (Case 1, 2015) ････････････････････････････････ 68 Table 3-7 Annual Cost Saving (Case 1, 2015) ･･････････････････････････ 68 Table 3-8 Energy Generation Change (Case 1, 2015) ･･･････････････････ 68 Table 3-9 Annual Cost (Case 2, 2015) ････････････････････････････････ 69 Table 3-10 Annual Cost Saving (Case 2, 2015) ･･････････････････････････
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