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Contributions to the Leaf and Stem Anatomy of Tradescantia Fluminensis: an Alien Species New to the Flora of Turkey

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Contributions to the Leaf and Stem Anatomy of Tradescantia Fluminensis: an Alien Species New to the Flora of Turkey Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi (2012) 13(2):270-277 http://edergi.artvin.edu.tr ISSN:2146-1880 (basılı) 2146-698X (elektronik) Contributions to the Leaf and Stem Anatomy of Tradescantia fluminensis: an Alien Species New to the Flora of Turkey Özgür EMİNAĞAOĞLU1, Melahat ÖZCAN2, Şükran KÜLTÜR3 1 Artvin Çoruh University Faculty of Forestry Department of Forest Engineering, Artvin 2 Artvin Çoruh University Faculty of Science and Arts Department of Biology, Artvin 3 İstanbul University Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, İstanbul Article Info: Research article Corresponding author: Özgür EMİNAĞAOĞLU, e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT Tradescantia fluminensis Vell. (Commelinaceae) has been recorded as a new naturalised alien species for the flora of Turkey from NE Anatolia. Its description, detailed leaf and stem anatomical properties, measurements, and photographs are presented in this paper. It was observed that the stems have a primary structure, the central cylinder comprises 2 concentric rings of closed collateral vascular bundles, and the leaves are bifacial and hypostomatic, with tetracytic stomata cells. In addition, it was determined that the thickness of the leaf lamina is 326 ± 4.79 µm and average of stomatal length and stomatal index in the abaxial surface of the leaf is 51.70 ± 0.33 µm and 12.54 ± 1.33, respectively. Keywords: Anatomy, Commelinaceae, new record, Tradescantia, Turkey. Türkiye Florasi İçin Yabancı Yeni Bir Tür Olan Tradescantia fluminensis’in Yaprak ve Gövde Anatomisine Katkılar Eser Bilgisi: Araştırma makalesi Sorumlu yazar: Özgür EMİNAĞAOĞLU, e-mail: [email protected] ÖZET Tradescantia fluminensis Vell. (Commelinaceae), Türkiye florası için doğallaşmış yabancı bir tür olarak ilk kez Kuzeydoğu Anadolu’dan kaydedilmektedir. Bu çalışmada türün betimlemesi, yaprak ve gövdesinin detaylı anatomik özellikleri, ölçümler ve fotoğraflar sunulmaktadır. Gövdelerin primer yapılı, merkezi silindir iki konsentrik halkalı, kapalı kollateral iletim demetleri içerdiği ve yaprakların bifasial, hipostomatik, tetrasitik tip stomalı olduğu gözlenmiştir. Ayrıca yaprak laminasının kalınlığı 326 ± 4.79 µm ve yaprağın alt yüzeyinde ortalama stoma uzunluğu ve stoma indeksi sırasıyla 51.70 ± 0.33 µm ve 12.54 ± 1.33 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Anatomi, Commelinaceae, yeni kayıt, Tradescantia, Türkiye. INTRODUCTION Tradescantia fluminensis Vell. (Commelinaceae) is native to South Tradescantia Rupp. ex L., a genus of an America (Esler 1978) and has naturalised estimated 71 species, belongs to the in New Zealand (Kelly and Skipworth, subtribe Tradescantiinae, tribe 1984), Russia (Tolkach et al. 1990), the Tradescantieae, and subfamily south-eastern USA (Farr et al. 1989; Commelinoideae of the family Wunderlund, 1998), Eastern Australia, Commelinaceae (Faden and Hunt 1991). Spain, Italy, Japan, Kenya, Portugal, 270 AÇÜ Orman Fak Derg (2012) 13(2):270-277 Puerto Rico, and Florida (Standish 2001). and to calculate the means and standard In its native range, T. fluminensis occurs error among different cross-sections. Five in rainforests and other damp, humid, and paradermal slides were prepared and 25 shaded places including roadsides and stomatal lengths were measured under gardens. Outside its native range, it also ×40 magnification using a light occurs in damp, humid, and shaded places microscope with an ocular micrometer such as gardens, parks, banks, stream- using surface sections obtained from the sides, and forest remnants. It spreads most abaxial parts. The stomatal index was rapidly in floodplain forests and similar calculated according to the method moist, semi-shady bottomlands (Standish described by Meidner and Mansfield et al. 2001). (1968). Different reference books were used for anatomical knowledge The aims of the present study were to (Tomlinson 1969; Rudall 1994; Yentür demonstrate that T. fluminensis grows 2003; Cutler et al. 2007). widely in natural habitats of Artvin Province (Turkey) and to contribute to the RESULTS and DISCUSSION knowledge of the vegetative anatomy of this species. During fieldwork in Kemalpaşa District (Hopa, Artvin), some interesting MATERIALS and METHODS specimens belonging to Commelinaceae were collected by the first author in April Plant materials were collected from 2011. These specimens were identified as Kemalpaşa District of Hopa, Artvin, T. fluminensis using the Flora of Turkey Turkey, at 90 m-120 m in April. (Tan 1984) and other floras (Deyuan and Morphological analyses were carried out DeFilipps 2000; Faden 2006; eFloras in living or herbarium specimens. Plant 2008). Consequently, T. fluminensis was samples were deposited at the Herbarium described as a new alien record by authors Artvin (Faculty of Forestry, Artvin Çoruh for the flora of Turkey (Tan 1984; Anşin University). et al. 1997; Güner et al. 2000; Eminağaoğlu and Anşin 2002, 2003, 2004, For the anatomical studies the plant parts 2005; Özhatay and Kültür 2006; were first fixed in formalin-acetic acid- Eminağaoğlu et al. 2008; Eminağaoğlu alcohol and then they were deposited in 2009; Özhatay et al. 2009; Manvelidze et 70% alcohol. Transverse sections from al. 2009; Eminağaoğlu and Akpulat 2010; stems and leaves were taken by hand using Özhatay et al. 2011). This identification razor blades (Algan 1981). The leaves was confirmed by comparison with a epidermises were peeled off and herbarium specimen housed at ISTE. paradermal sections were also prepared. Recently, many new species and new The sections were stained in hematoxylin records to the flora of Turkey have been for about 10-15 min and semi-permanent described (Ecevit Genç et al. 2012; slides were mounted in glycerine. Well- Eminağaoğlu et al. 2012; Hamzaoğlu 2012; stained sections were examined under Koyuncu 2012; Mutlu and Karakuş 2012). light microscopy and photographed using The description was written with the aid a Zeiss Primostar with digital camera of Flora of China (Deyuan and DeFilipps attachment Axiocam ERC 5S. 2000) and Flora of North America (Faden Five cross-sections from at least 3 different 2006; eFloras 2008). individual plants were measured to assess the consistency of anatomical characters 271 AÇÜ Orman Fak Derg (2012) 13(2):270-277 Tradescantia Rupp. ex L., Sp. Pl. 1: 288 Enum. Pl. 4: 84 (1843); Tradescantia (1753). tenella Kunth, Enum. Pl. 4: 84 (1843); Tradescantia laekenensis L.H.Bailey and Syn: Separotheca Waterf., Rhodora 61: 138 E.Z.Bailey, Hortus: 616 (1930). (1959); Cymbispatha Pichon, Notul. Syst. (Paris) 12: 224 (1946); Neomandonia T. fluminensis is the first species of the Hutch., Fam. Fl. Pl., Monocot. 57 (1934); genus Tradescantia to have become Neotreleasea Rose, Contr. U.S. Natl. established in Turkey. T. fluminensis Herb. 8: 6 (1903); Setcreasea K.Schum. belongs to the section Austrotradescantia and Sydow, Just's Bot. Jahresber. 1899, 27 D.R.Hunt of the genus Tradescantia (1): 452 (1901); Treleasea Rose, Contr. (Hunt 1980). It has been collected as a U.S. Natl. Herb. 5: 207 (1899); Skofitzia persistent garden outcast on wasteland in Hassk. and Kanitz, Oesterr. Bot. Z. 22: Hopa (Artvin) in native communities 147 (1872); Mandonia Hassk., Flora 54: (Figure 1). However, T. zebrina Heynh. 260 (1871); Disgrega Hassk. Flora 49: 215 and T. pallida (Rose) D.R.Hunt are listed (1866); Knowlesia Hassk. Flora 49: 215 as exotic species in Turkey (Tan 1984). (1866); Rhoeo Hance, Ann. Bot. Syst. (Walpers) 3 (4): 659 (1852); Gonatandra T. fluminensis grows on damp, humid, Schltdl., Linnaea 24: 659 (1852); and shaded places including roadsides and Heterachthia Kunze, Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) forest sides at 50-100 m with 8: 1 (1850); Zebrina Schnizl., Bot. Zeitung Chrysosplenium dubium Gay ex Ser., (Berlin) 7: 870 (1849); Heminema Raf., Primula megaseifolia Boiss. et Bal. ex Fl. Tellur. 2: 17 (1837); Sarcoperis Raf., Boiss., Epimedium pinnatum Fisch. Fl. Tellur. 2: 16 (1837); Tropitria Raf., Fl. subsp. colchicum (Boiss.) Busch, Viola Tellur. 3: 68 (1837); Etheosanthes Raf., alba Besser, Sambucus ebulus L., and Neogenyton 3 (1825); Campelia Rich., Lonicera caprifolium L. Anal. Fruit. 46 (1808); Zanonia Cram., Examined specimens: Tradescantia Disp. Syst. 75 (1803); Ephemerum Mill., fluminensis: A8 Artvin: Hopa, Kemalpaşa, Gard. Dict. Abr., ed. 4. (1754); Druce in Sovil, damp roadside, grassland, 90 m, Rep. Bot. Exch. Cl. Brit. Isles, 3: 431 41°28′39″N, 41°31′18″E, 27.iv.2011, (1913). Ö.Emin. 8732; A8 Artvin: Hopa, Tradescantia fluminensis Vell., Fl. Flumin. Kemalpaşa, Sovil, streamside, damp place, 140 (1829). 120 m, 41°28′30″N, 41°31′30″E, 27.iv.2011, Ö.Emin. 8733; A8 Artvin: Syn.: Tradescantia fluminensis Vell. f. Hopa, near forest, 70 m, 41°23′14″N, tenella (Kunth) Voss, Vilm. Blumengärtn., 41°24′50″E, 27.iv.2011, Ö.Emin. 8745; ed. 3. 1: 1143 (1895); Tradescantia decora A2(E) İstanbul: Dolmabahçe Sarayı, W.Bull., Cat. 3 (1892); Tradescantia A.Baytop s.n. (ISTE 49962); Tradescantia fluminensis var. pubescens C.B.Clarke, zebrina: A2(E) İstanbul, Yıldız parkı, Monogr. Phan. 3: 295 (1881); A.Baytop s.n. (ISTE 49652); A2(A) Tradescantia fluminensis var. tenella İstanbul: Maltepe, A.Baytop s.n. (ISTE (Kunth) C.B.Clarke, Monogr. Phan. 3: 26720); Tradescantia pallida: A2(E) 295 (1881); Tradescantia mundula var. İstanbul: Dolmabahçe Sarayı, A.Baytop scabrida Seub., Fl. Bras. 3(1): 249 (1855); s.n. (ISTE 49963); A2(A) İstanbul: Tradescantia albiflora Kunth, Enum. Pl. 4: Maltepe, A.Baytop s.n. (ISTE 26721). 84 (1843); Tradescantia mundula Kunth, 272 AÇÜ Orman Fak Derg (2012) 13(2):270-277
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