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The Significance of Clothing Imagery in the Pauline Corpus

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The Significance of Clothing Imagery in the Pauline Corpus Kim, Jung Hoon (1998) The significance of clothing imagery in the Pauline corpus. PhD thesis. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4871/ Copyright and moral rights for this thesis are retained by the author A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the Author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the Author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given. Glasgow Theses Service http://theses.gla.ac.uk/ [email protected] The Significance of Clothing Imagery in the Pauline Corpus by Jung Roon Kim A Thesis Submitted in Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy to The Faculty of Divinity The University of Glasgow June 1998 Abstract Thesis Title: The Significance of Clothing Imagery in the Pauline Corpus This thesis concentrates on clarifying the significance of the clothing imagery in the Pauline corpus. This imagery occurs in six Pauline epistles (clothing with Christ in Gal 3:27 & Rom 13:14; clothing with the new man in Col 3:9-10 & Eph 4:22-24; and clothing with the resurrection body in 1 Cor 15:49, 50-54 & 2 Cor 5:1-4). The imagery constitutes a significant aspect of Pauline theology. For the background to the Pauline clothing-metaphor, Part I looks into clothing imagery in the OT, 1 & 2 Enoch, Apocalypse of Moses, Philo, rabbinic literature, Joseph and Aseneth, The Hymn of the Pearl, Apuleius' Metamorphoses, the Roman custom of clothing, and the baptismal praxis of the ancient church. In the Old Testament, significant background is found in the concept of God's clothing Adam and Eve with garments of skins in Gen 3 :21, in various rituals of the priest being clothed with priestly garments (Ex 29:4-9; Lev 16:3-4, 10-11, 23-24; Ezek 42:13-14; 44:19; cf. Zech 3:3-5), in traditions about God's Spirit's clothing himself with a specific human being (Jdg 6:34; 1 Ch 12:18; 2 Ch 24:20), and the analogy between an eschatological transformation of the cosmos and a change of clothing (Ps 102:26). Later Jewish literature adds other emphases: the analogy between the resurrection transfiguration and the replacement of an earthly garment with a heavenly one (1 Enoch 65:15-16; 2 Enoch 22:8-10), the concept of Adam and Eve's prefall clothing (ApoM 20-21), Philo's notions of the people being clothed with either virtue or vice and of the high priest's becoming superior to others when dressed in sacred priestly garments, the idea of Adam's being clothed with splendour before the Fall in rabbinic writings, and symbolic scenes of Aseneth's attire in Joseph and Aseneth. Also important are the prince's change of garments in The Hymn of the Pearl, various scenes of Lucius' symbolic attire in his initiation to Isis in Metamorphoses, the Roman custom of exchanging the toga praetexta with the toga virilis, and the practice of putting off and putting on clothes at baptism in the earliest church. Bearing in mind the result of a study of these background documents, Part 2 undertakes an examination of the Pauline clothing metaphor. In the clothing-with-a-person passages (Gal 3:27; Rom 13:14; Col 3:9-10; Eph 4:22-24), baptismal themes and the Adam-Christ typology predominate, while in the clothing-with-the-resurrection passages (1 Cor 15:49, 50-54; 2 Cor 5:1-4), the Adam-Christ contrast is presupposed. The former passages describe a radical change in a believer's nature at baptism, when he/she is united with Christ as the second Adam, while the latter passages depict the eschatological change in the believer's mode of existence at the parousia. In brief, the Pauline clothing-metaphor suggests that the life and glory in the image of God lost in Adam has been restored in baptism in Christ, and will be consummated at the parousia. Declaration No part of the work contained in this thesis has been submitted in support of an application for another degree or qualification of this or any other university or other institution of earning. Signed _________ Date Copyright © 1998 by lung Hoon Kim The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. No quotation from it should be published without lung Hoon Kim's prior written consent and information derived from it should be acknowledged. TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................................................ .ix ABBREVIATIONS .................................................................................................................................................... xi INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................................... 1 PART 1 CLOTHING IMAGERY IN ITS mSTORY-OF-RELIGIONS BACKGROUND INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................. 8 1. CLOTHING IMAGERY IN THE OLD TESTAMENT ............................................................. 11 1.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................. 11 1.2 ADAM'S GARMENT ( GEN3:21) ....................................................................................................... 14 1.2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 14 1.2.2 A Sign of Restoration to the Image of God (Gen 1:26-27); the Divine Life (Gen 2:7); Unashamedness (Gen 2:25) ...................................................................................................... 14 1.2.3 A Sign of Restoration from Shame and Fear (Gen 3:7, 10-11) ............................................... 17 1.2.4 Conclusion: A Sign of Restoration to Life, Glory, Peace, and Dominion .............................. 19 1.3 PRIESTLY GARMENTS ....................................................................................................................... 19 1.3.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 19 1.3.2 Priestly Garments - Sacredness, Glory and Beauty ................................................................. 20 1.3.3 The Ritual of Putting on/off the Priestly Garments ................................................................. 23 1.3.3.1 Washing with Water ......................................................................................................... 23 1.3.3 .1.1 At Ordination (Ex 29:4-9 [par. 40: 12-15]) ............................................................... 23 1.3.3 .1.2 At the Entry into the Sanctuary Area (Lev 16:3-4) .................................................. 23 1.3.3.2 Linen Garments at the Holy Place Only ........................................................................... 24 1.3.3.2.1 At the Exit from the Sanctuary Area (Lev 16:23-24; Ezek 42:13-14; 44:19) .......... 24 1.3.3.2.2 At the Exit from the Camp (Lev 6:10-11) ................................................................. 26 1.3.4 Filthy GarmentslNew Garments (Zech 3:3-5) ......................................................................... 26 1.3.5 Summary and Conclusion ......................................................................................................... 27 1.4 GOD'S GARMENT: CLOTHINGWITHAMAN(JDG6:34; 1 CH 12:18; 2 CH24:20) ......................... 28 1.5 COSMOLOGICAL GARMENT (PS. 102:26; CF. ISA 51 :6; REB 1: 11-12) ............................................ 30 1.6 CONCLUSION TO CHAPTER 1 ............................................................................................................ 32 2. CLOTHING IMAGERY IN OTHER JEWISH LITERATURE .............................................. 34 2.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................. 34 2.21 & 2 ENOCH .................................................................................................................................... 34 2.2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 34 2.2.2 A Garment of God (l Enoch 14:20) ......................................................................................... 36 2.2.3 Garments of the Righteous (l Enoch 62:15-16) ...................................................................... 38 2.2.4 Enoch's Change of Garments (2 Enoch 22:8-10) .................................................................... 40 2.2.5 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................ 41 2.3 THE BOOKS OF ADAM AND EVE ...................................................................................................... 42 2.3.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 42 v 2.3.2 Adam and Eve's PrefaB Clothing: Righteousness and Glory (ApoM 20-21) ........................ .44 2.3.3 Covering with Cloths of Linen and Silk (ApoM 40:1-2) ......................................................
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