Major Lessons from Operation Pawan for Future Regional Stability Operations
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Monsoon 2008 (July-September) AIR POWER CENTRE for AIR POWER STUDIES New Delhi
AIR POWER Journal of Air Power and Space Studies Vol. 3, No. 3, Monsoon 2008 (July-September) AIR POWER CENTRE FOR AIR POWER STUDIES New Delhi AIR POWER is published quarterly by the Centre for Air Power Studies, New Delhi, established under an independent trust titled Forum for National Security Studies registered in 2002 in New Delhi. Board of Trustees Shri M.K. Rasgotra, former Foreign Secretary and former High Commissioner to the UK Chairman Air Chief Marshal O.P. Mehra, former Chief of the Air Staff and former Governor Maharashtra and Rajasthan Smt. H.K. Pannu, IDAS, FA (DS), Ministry of Defence (Finance) Shri K. Subrahmanyam, former Secretary Defence Production and former Director IDSA Dr. Sanjaya Baru, Media Advisor to the Prime Minister (former Chief Editor Financial Express) Captain Ajay Singh, Jet Airways, former Deputy Director Air Defence, Air HQ Air Commodore Jasjit Singh, former Director IDSA Managing Trustee AIR POWER Journal welcomes research articles on defence, military affairs and strategy (especially air power and space issues) of contemporary and historical interest. Articles in the Journal reflect the views and conclusions of the authors and not necessarily the opinions or policy of the Centre or any other institution. Editor-in-Chief Air Commodore Jasjit Singh AVSM VrC VM (Retd) Managing Editor Group Captain D.C. Bakshi VSM (Retd) Publications Advisor Anoop Kamath Distributor KW Publishers Pvt. Ltd. All correspondence may be addressed to Managing Editor AIR POWER P-284, Arjan Path, Subroto Park, New Delhi 110 010 Telephone: (91.11) 25699131-32 Fax: (91.11) 25682533 e-mail: [email protected] website: www.aerospaceindia.org © Centre for Air Power Studies All rights reserved. -
The Impacts of Small Arms Availability and Misuse in Sri Lanka
In the Shadow of a Cease-fire: The Impacts of Small Arms Availability and Misuse in Sri Lanka by Chris Smith October 2003 A publication of the Small Arms Survey Chris Smith The Small Arms Survey The Small Arms Survey is an independent research project located at the Graduate Institute of International Studies in Geneva, Switzerland. It is also linked to the Graduate Institute’s Programme for Strategic and International Security Studies. Established in 1999, the project is supported by the Swiss Federal Department of Foreign Affairs, and by contributions from the Governments of Australia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. It collaborates with research institutes and non-governmental organizations in many countries including Brazil, Canada, Georgia, Germany, India, Israel, Jordan, Norway, the Russian Federation, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Thailand, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The Small Arms Survey occasional paper series presents new and substantial research findings by project staff and commissioned researchers on data, methodological, and conceptual issues related to small arms, or detailed country and regional case studies. The series is published periodically and is available in hard copy and on the project’s web site. Small Arms Survey Phone: + 41 22 908 5777 Graduate Institute of International Studies Fax: + 41 22 732 2738 47 Avenue Blanc Email: [email protected] 1202 Geneva Web site: http://www.smallarmssurvey.org Switzerland ii Occasional Papers No. 1 Re-Armament in Sierra Leone: One Year After the Lomé Peace Agreement, by Eric Berman, December 2000 No. 2 Removing Small Arms from Society: A Review of Weapons Collection and Destruction Programmes, by Sami Faltas, Glenn McDonald, and Camilla Waszink, July 2001 No. -
Book Reviews
Book Reviews America, Pakistan and the India Factor Nirode Mohanty (UK: Palgrave Macmillan Publishers Ltd., 2013) $83.12 Nirode Mohanty’s book chronicles the roller coaster ride of Pakistan’s relationship with the United States ever since Pakistan became an independent country in 1947. The study’s construct divides the ties between Washington and Islamabad into five distinct phases, i.e. the Cold War, Pakistan’s quest for nuclear weapons (even if it were to come at the cost of ‘eating grass’), the great game in Afghanistan beginning 1979 and the introduction of ‘strategic assets’, finally delving into the phase which could best be described as a complicated irregular network of paths in which it is difficult to find one’s way—a phase which appears to be continuing till date. The equation between the two countries rests on suppressed hostility and duplicitous talks primarily designed to mask an underlying feeling of reciprocal mistrust. Mohanty’s work is yet another addition to numerous works undertaken previously on Pakistan’s relations with the United States, including the seminal piece by Dennis Kux titled The United States and Pakistan, 1947-2000: Disenchanted Allies; by Husain Haqqani titled Magnificent Delusions: Pakistan, the United States, and an Epic History of Misunderstanding; and by Bruce Riedel titled Deadly Embrace: Pakistan, America, and the Future of the Global Jihad. Establishing diplomatic relations roughly two months after the foundation of Pakistan, Washington and Islamabad began to forge a strategic alliance albeit having divergent strategic goals. Pakistan’s one- dimensional foreign policy of parity with India, using jihadists as its 164 CLAWS Journal l Summer 2014 BOOK REVIEWS foreign policy instruments to wage global jihad, has continued since 1947. -
The Sri Lankan Insurgency: a Rebalancing of the Orthodox Position
THE SRI LANKAN INSURGENCY: A REBALANCING OF THE ORTHODOX POSITION A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Peter Stafford Roberts Department of Politics and History, Brunel University April 2016 Abstract The insurgency in Sri Lanka between the early 1980s and 2009 is the topic of this study, one that is of great interest to scholars studying war in the modern era. It is an example of a revolutionary war in which the total defeat of the insurgents was a decisive conclusion, achieved without allowing them any form of political access to governance over the disputed territory after the conflict. Current literature on the conflict examines it from a single (government) viewpoint – deriving false conclusions as a result. This research integrates exciting new evidence from the Tamil (insurgent) side and as such is the first balanced, comprehensive account of the conflict. The resultant history allows readers to re- frame the key variables that determined the outcome, concluding that the leadership and decision-making dynamic within the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) had far greater impact than has previously been allowed for. The new evidence takes the form of interviews with participants from both sides of the conflict, Sri Lankan military documentation, foreign intelligence assessments and diplomatic communiqués between governments, referencing these against the current literature on counter-insurgency, notably the social-institutional study of insurgencies by Paul Staniland. It concludes that orthodox views of the conflict need to be reshaped into a new methodology that focuses on leadership performance and away from a timeline based on periods of major combat. -
Tamil Eelam Struggle and Its Lessons
Tamil Eelam Struggle and its Lessons [From the Indian revolutionary magazine, People‟s Truth, #7, Sept. 2009, pp. 20-30 & p. 12.] By Ravindran ON 18th May 2009, the President of Sri Lanka Mahinda Rajapakshe declared that the three decades of war against the LTTE has come to an end. He declared that the Sri Lankan army won a final victory against the Tigers. The Sri Lankan army and the government also claimed that the LTTE leader, Prabhakaran, and many of his lieutenants were killed in the battle and showed the photographs of the dead body of Prabhakaran in the electronic and print media. On 20th, the Sri Lankan government declared a national holiday to „celebrate‟ this „victory‟. The timing of this declaration created suspicion amongst the people who are closely watching the developments in Sri Lanka, in India and all over the world. It appears that the Sri Lankan government deliberately spread this news after the announcement of parliament election results in India. While the Sri Lankan government and the UPA government led by the Congress party celebrated this, millions of sympathizers/supporters of Tigers and Eelam struggle all over the world were shocked in disbelief that the struggle for a separate Tamil Eelam would come to such an end. Within 24 hours, the Tigers rubbished the Srilankan government‟s claim and published that the Tiger‟s chief and many leaders of the LTTE are safe and the struggle for Tamil Eelam would continue until realizing its goal of achieving a separate homeland for the Eelam people. Tamils, all over the world held protest demonstrations and in Tamil Nadu (TN), some violent incidents also took place. -
The Taming of the Tigers Contemporary Battlefield Assessment of the April 2017 Counterinsurgency in Revised, April 2020* Sri Lanka
An MWI The Taming of the Tigers Contemporary Battlefield Assessment of the April 2017 Counterinsurgency in Revised, April 2020* Sri Lanka Lionel Beehner Liam Collins Steven Ferenzi Mike Jackson Contents About the CBA & Acknowledgements .......................................................................................................... 2 Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................................... 5 Section I: Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 6 Methodology & Case Selection ................................................................................................................ 7 Outline of Report ...................................................................................................................................... 8 Background of the War ............................................................................................................................. 8 India’s Involvement in the War .............................................................................................................. 10 Explaining the Success of the Tigers’ Insurgency ................................................................................... 12 Section II: Lessons from Sri Lanka’s Counterinsurgency ............................................................................. 14 Lesson 1: Force Structure Adaptations -
Initiatives for Transgender Persons
Initiatives for Transgender persons GS-I | Social issues Initiatives for Transgender persons This is the first-of-its-kind gender inclusive community policing initiative in the country, the Cyberabad police inaugurated a ‘Transgender Community Desk’ at Gachibowli Police Station. The desk will be managed by a police liaison officer and a transgender person who is designated as community coordinator. It will be the focal point for all grievance redressal among the transgender community in the Cyberabad Commissionerate. The desk will provide support to file cases in offences related to violence or discrimination against any transgender person. Among other services, the desk will also provide counselling, legal aid, life skills, soft skills training, job placements, and referral linkages to welfare schemes in partnership with the Department of Women and Child Welfare, and District Legal Services Authority. The Society for Cyberabad Security Council (SCSC) will also organise monthly training, employability, life-skill training, and facilitate access to job opportunities, while Prajwala, a non-governmental organisation, would assist the desk to facilitate a safe space for any transgender person who needs emergency transit stay. Over 200 transgender persons participated in the event, during which Mr. Sajjanar spoke about the need to build an inclusive society ensuring equal opportunities for all National Council for Transgender Persons Recently, the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment has constituted the National Council for Transgender Persons, under the Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2019. Background Indian Census never recognized third gender i.e. Transgender while collecting census data. But in 2011, data of Transgender was collected with details related to their employment, literacy and caste. -
NONSTATE ARMED GROUPS' USE of DECEPTION a Thesis
STRATAGEM IN ASYMMETRY: NONSTATE ARMED GROUPS’ USE OF DECEPTION A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy By DEVIN DUKE JESSEE In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy AUGUST 2011 Dissertation Committee Dr. Richard H. Shultz, Jr. (The Fletcher School), Chair Dr. Robert L. Pfaltzgraff, Jr. (The Fletcher School), Reader Dr. Rohan K. Gunaratna (Rajaratnam School of International Studies), Reader CURRICULUM VITAE DEVIN D. JESSEE EDUCATION THE FLETCHER SCHOOL , TUFTS UNIVERSITY MEDFORD , MA Ph.D. Candidate in International Relations Current • Dissertation title: “Stratagem in Asymmetry: Nonstate Armed Groups’ Use of Deception” • Fields of study: international security, negotiation/conflict resolution, and international organizations. Comprehensive exams passed in May 2006. M.A. in Law and Diplomacy May 2005 • Thesis title: “Strengthening the Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical Weapons Nonproliferation Regimes” • Fields of study: international security and negotiation/conflict resolution BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY PROVO , UT B.A. in International Politics (Minor in History) August 2003 summa cum laude ACADEMIC HONORS FLETCHER SCHOLARSHIP 2003 – 2004, 2007 – 2011 • Awarded by The Fletcher School based on merit and need. EISENHOWER -ROBERTS FELLOWSHIP 2008 – 2009 • Awarded to Ph.D. students from selected universities to support the intellectual growth of potential leaders. TUFTS UNIVERSITY PROVOST FELLOWSHIP 2005 – 2007 • Awarded to a small number of outstanding Tufts doctoral students. iii H. B. EARHART FELLOWSHIP 2003 – 2006 • Intended to encourage young academics to pursue careers in a social science or the humanities. FRANK ROCKWELL BARNETT FELLOWSHIP 2004 – 2006 • Awarded by the International Security Studies Program at The Fletcher School for academic excellence. -
Operation Pawan
Operation Pawan On 11 October 1987, the first major battle under Operation Pawan started with the Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF) attacking Jaffna University. This article chronologically covers the background behind the civil war in Sri Lanka, the response of Indian Government to help the Sri Lankan Tamils, the peace accord signed between Sri Lankan Government and Indian Government, and the ensuing battle between LTTE and IPKF. Aspirants would find this article very helpful while preparing for the IAS Exam. Operation Pawan Details This was the code name assigned to the IPKF’s operation to wrest control of Jaffna from the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE). This military intervention of the Indian Army in Sri Lanka has been described by some as India’s Vietnam. Even though Jaffna was taken over by the IPKF from the LTTE, it was at a huge cost. More than 200 Indian soldiers lost their lives in this operation. Apart from that, there were severe criticisms and allegations of human rights violation on the part of the IPKF by both the Sri Lankan government, the Tamil Tigers as well as some human rights organizations. Civil War in Sri Lanka The civil war in Sri Lanka started in 1983 when the LTTE started its armed insurgency in the country with the intention of creating a separate independent country for Tamils (called Tamil Eelam) in the Northern and Eastern parts of Sri Lanka. The origins of the separatist movement can be traced back to the discriminatory practices followed by the Sinhalese government against the Sri Lankan Tamils. -
Dsa130116.Pdf
January 2016 VOLUME 7 ISSUE 4 INDIAN ARMY SENTINELS OF NATIONAL SOVEREIGNTY editor-in-chief he most critical events in the world of defence and security revolve around the Islamic State, its territory and global efforts to wrest it back into freedom. Violence in Yemen, Nigeria, parts of North Africa and other hot spots pales in global importance when it comes to IS and Tits ghastly apocalyptic vision. So the world ranged against it conducts regular air strikes to beat it back, destroy its headquarters, takes out its key players through armed drones and tries to cripple it financially and economically. These efforts have been going on from sometime in late 2014 and yet the IS continues to sustain its terrorist campaign funded from the territory it controls. So the world debates the moot point – when and by who will the ground campaign begin. For, after all, the IS is an entity that is run by humans, albeit of a type the world has rarely seen. So to neutralise such humans how much can machines do, even if they’re the most advanced and lethal in the world. The value and contribution of hi-tech machines is most apparent in small wars against irregular forces like the IS. Especially when it comes to surveillance and targeted strikes by drones. But at the same time the limitations of machines are also most apparent in these types of campaigns for at the end of the day there is a requirement for boots on the ground. Which is why the Army has such tremendous value and contribution to national security. -
WHY INSURGENTS NEGOTIATE by Colin P
THROWING IN THE TOWEL: WHY INSURGENTS NEGOTIATE By Colin P. Clarke B.A., Loyola University Maryland, 2002 M.S., New York University, 2007 Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of The University of Pittsburgh in partial fulfillment Of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Pittsburgh 2012 i UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH GRADUATE SCHOOL OF PUBLIC AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS This dissertation was presented By Colin P. Clarke It was defended on 18 October 2012 and approved by Professor Dennis M. Gormley, Senior Lecturer, University of Pittsburgh (GSPIA) Dr. Donald M. Goldstein, Professor Emeritus, University of Pittsburgh (GSPIA) Dr. Forrest E. Morgan, Senior Political Scientist, RAND Corporation Dr. Phil Williams, Professor/Director of Ridgway Center, University of Pittsburgh (GSPIA) ii THROWING IN THE TOWEL: WHY INSURGENTS NEGOTIATE Colin P. Clarke, B.A., Loyola University (’02); M.S., New York University (’07) University of Pittsburgh, 2012 Copyright © by Colin P. Clarke 2012 iii TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 1 1.1 PURPOSE ............................................................................................................. 1 1.2 METHOD ............................................................................................................. 4 1.2.1 Case Selection ................................................................................................... 4 1.2.2 Analytic Framework....................................................................................... -
Sainik 1-15 December Covers
In This Issue Since 1909 AwardBIRTH of President’s ANNIVERSARY CELEBRATIONS Standard to 223 4 Squadron and 117 Helicopter Unit (Initially published as FAUJI AKHBAR) Vol. 64 q No 23 10 - 24 Agrahayana, 1939 (Saka) 1-15 December 2017 The journal of India’s Armed Forces published every fortnight in thirteen languages including Hindi & English on behalf of Ministry of Defence. It is not necessarily an organ for the expression of the Government’s defence policy. The published items represent the views of respective writers and correspondents. Editor-in-Chief Hasibur Rahman Senior Editor Ms Ruby T Sharma Joint Statement by Smt 6 A Special Campaign to Editor Ehsan Khusro Nirmala Sitharaman… celebrate Armed… 7 Sub Editor Sub Maj KC Sahu Production Officer Ramesh Ram Coordination Kunal Kumar Business Manager Rajpal Our Correspondents DELHI: Col Aman Anand; Capt DK Sharma VSM; Wg Cdr Anupam Banerjee; Manoj Tuli; Nampibou Marinmai; Ved Pal; Divyanshu Kumar; Photo Editor: K Ramesh; ALLAHABAD: Gp Capt BB Pande; BENGALURU: Guruprasad HL; CHANDIGARH: Anil Gaur; CHENNAI: T Shanmugam; GANDHINAGAR: Wg Cdr Abhishek Matiman; GUWAHATI: Lt Col Suneet Newton; IMPHAL: Lt Col Ajay Kumar Sharma; JALANDHAR : Anil Gaur; JAMMU: Col NN Joshi; 8 Dr Bhamre inaugurates 2nd... JAIPUR: Lt Col Manish Ojha; KOCHI: Cdr Sridhar E Warrier ; KOHIMA: Col 42nd ICMM World Chiranjeet Konwer; KOLKATA: Wg Cdr SS Birdi; Dipannita Dhar; LUCKNOW: 9 Military honours to two WW-I… Ms Gargi Malik Sinha; MUMBAI: Cdr Rahul Sinha; Narendra Vispute; NAGPUR: 10 237 Glorious years of Corps of… Congress on Military… 14 Wg Cdr Samir S Gangakhedkar; PUNE: Mahesh Iyengar; SECUNDERABAD: 18 NCC Gujarat at Beyt Dwarka G Surendra Babu; SHILLONG; Lt Col Suneet Newton; SRINAGAR: Col Rajesh 19 ASC Motorcycle Display team… Kalia; TEZPUR: Lt Col Sombit Ghosh; THIRUVANANTHAPURAM: Ms Dhanya Sanal K; UDHAMPUR: Col NN Joshi; VISAKHAPATNAM: Cdr CG Raju.