1798 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. . FEBRUARY 2,

of the Manderson-Hainer bill-to the Committee on the Post­ rate oi 35 cents on all unstemmed leaf tobacco-to the Committee Office and Post-Roada. on Ways and Means. Also, petition of E. T. Martin and 24 others, of Vernon, N.Y.,_ Also, resolutions of the Chamber of Commerce of Port Town­ for the pass:.tge of the Hill bill relating to oleomargarine-to the send, in protest to the placing of lumber on the free list-to the . 9<>.:;n91ittee on Agriculture. Committee on Ways and Means. _:- -~[~fu, petition of John J. Schmidt and 150 other citizens of Also, petition of 200citizensof Clallam County, Wash., for the l;Jt.~:i ', N. Y. t against the increase of revenue tax on cigars, etc.­ improvement of the Quillayute River and harbor-to the Com­ to the Committee on Ways and Means. mittee on Rivers and Harbors. By Mr. v iLLIAl.1 A. STONE: Petition for passage of House Also, memorial of the Legislature of the State of Washington, bill permitting frat:wnal p.wers equal rights through United urging Congress to make provision for submitting an amend­ States m ::tils-to the Committee on the Post-Office and Post­ ment to the Constitution -providing for the election of United Roads. States Senators by the vote of the people-to the Committee on By Mr. STORER: P etition of the Charles C. Jacobs Cordage Election of President, Vice-President, and Representatives in Comp:my, suggesting cert-ain changes in the Wilson bill-to the Congress. Committee on Ways and Means. Also, resolution of the trustees of the Cincinnati Museum As­ sochtion, in favor of free art-to the Committee on Ways and Means. - sENATE. Also, protest of Mr. George A. Root and 5 others, citizens of Cincinnati. Ohio., against the passage of the Wilson bill-to the FRIDAY, February 2, 1894. Committee on Ways and Means. _ _ Also, reaolutions of the employes of the Newport Rolling Mills Prayer by the Chaplain, Rev. W. H. MILBURN, D. D. Company, by Edward Bowen, chairman of the committee, pro­ T-he Journal of yesterday's proceedings was read and approved. test.ing against tJ.e p~ssage of the Wilson bill-tO the Commit­ GUNBOAT CASTINE. tee on Ways and Means. A iso, petition of Max Worcber & Son, protesting against the The VICE-PRESIDENT laid before the Senate acommunic&­ reduction of the tariff on surgical instruments-to the Commit­ tion from the Sec1·etary of the Navy stating, in response to a. tee on Ways and Means. resolution of January 31, 1894, the reasons why the New York Also, protestof the employes of D:.w id Reeves, of Cincinnati, Navy-yard has been selected as the place for the work of length­ Ohio, ag

graph service; which was referred to the coU:mittee on Post-) nals; which was referred to the Committee on Post-Offices and Offices and Post-Roads. . Post-Roads. . . . He also presented a petition of Battery A, First Battalion of Mr. WASHBURN presen~d a petit10n of the Itasca CounCll, Artillery, National Guard, State Militia, of St. Paul, Minn., pr~y- Royal Arcanum, o~ Itas~a, Mmn., ~ prayer for the passage o~ ingforthe passage of House bill No. 4918, providing for the arrrung the Manderson-Hamer blll, prop~smg to amend the postal laws, and equipping of artillery regiments of the Natio~al Guard ~y which was referred to the Committee on Post-Offices and Post- the Government· which was referred to the Committee on M1l- Roads. . .. itary Affaira. ' _ Mr. BLACKBURN presen~d a re~onstran.ce of sundry Cltl- He also presented a memorial of Typographical Union, No. zens of Kentucky, remqnstratmg aga~st the 1esuan.?e of bonds ao, of St. Paul, Minn., r~ mons trating against placing scientific b1 the T~ea~ury Department, and p:aym_g for the comage of the publications on the free list; which was referred to the Com- silver ~e1gmor~e m the Treasur_y, wh1ch was referred to the mittee on Finance. Committee on Frnance. Mr. CULLOM presented a petition o! sun~ry citizens of. Galva, REPORTS OF COMMITTEES. Dl., in the interest of college an~ soc1e~y JOurnals., praymg for Mr. HUNTON, from the Committee on theDistrictof Colum- the passag-e of the ~anderson-Hamer bill, propo~mg to amend bia, to whom . was referred the bill (S.1320) to provide for the the postal laws; wh1ch was referred to the Committee on Post- punishment of certain frauds, reported it with an amendment Offices and Post-Roads. . . . . and submitted a report thereon. Mr. STOCKBRIDGE presented a petition o~ sundry CitiZens Mr. FAULKNER from the Committee on the District of Co- of National Mine, Mich., praying for theretent10nof the.present lumbia to whom w~s referred the bill (S.1259} to amend section duty upon iron ore; which was referred to the Committee on 2 of an 'act of Congress approved March 3, 1893, entitled "An Fin:mce. . act regulating the sale of intoxicating liquor in the District of Mr. PLATT presented a me!llorial C?f the B?ard o! .Trade of Columbia," reported it without amendment. Waterbury, Conn., remonstra.tmg agamst th~ rmpositl?D of an Mr. FAULKNER. I was requested by the Senator from Ken­ income taX' which was ref~r.red to t~e Comm1ttee o.n Fmance. tucky [Mr. BLACKBURN] to report for him a -bill which he was He also presented a petition of H~ouse 9ouncil, No. 1025, instructed to report from the Committee on Territories, and to Royal Areanum, of New. Haven, Conn:, m the mterest of !rater- ask that the bill be read twice by title and placed on the Galen- - nal society and college JOurnals, praymg for the.passage of the dar. . Manderson-Hainer bill, propos~g to amend the -postal laws; The bill (S.1546) authorizing a commission to draft a code of which was referred to the Committee on Post-Offices and Post- laws for the district of Alaska, and for other purposes, wasread Roads. . , twice by its title. . He also presented a memor1al of 73 tobacco-gi owers of Drake Mr PERKINS from the Committee on Naval Afi'a1rs, to whom County, Ohio, remonst!ating against a reduction of the. duty on WaR r~ferred the bill (S. 1399) to promote the efficiency of the imported tobacco; vvh1ch was referred to the Committee on naval militia reported it with an amendment an:l submitted a Finance. . . . report there~n. . Mr. ALLISON presented pet1t1ons of Evemng Star Lodge, Mr DAVIS from theCommitteeonMilitaryAffairs to whom No. 231, Ancient Order United Workm~~' of Davenport; of was r~ferred the bill (S.1343) to remove the charge of 1desertion Robert R. Henderson and sundry other Citizens of Davenport; standing ao-ainst the name of Joseph G. Utter reported it with­ of F. c. Kiner and sundry o~her citizens of Ida Grove; of Lodge out amend~ent and submitted a report thereo~. No. 271, Ancient Order Umted W:o!kmen, of Ida Grove; of W. Mr. COCKRELL. From the joint commissionof Congress to A. Anderson and sundry other Cl~~ens of Mars~alltowl!-, and inquire into the Status of the Laws Organizing the Executive N. A. Stimson and sundry other e1t1zens of Ze!i'rmg, allm the Departments etc. I beg to report two bills which have been State of Iowa, in the interest of fraternal somety an~ coll~ge presented in 'the ~ther House, being House bills 5529 and 5530, journals, praying-for the passage of the .Manderson-Hamer b1ll, and referred to the joint commission, and to submit reports proposing to amend the postal laws; wh1ch were referred to the thereon. I ask that they be received and printed, together Committee on Post-Offices .a.J?-d Post-Roads.. . . . with the reports, and referred to the Committee on the Organi- He also presented a petitwn of Valley q1ty DIVlSIOn, ~o. 58, zation, Conduct, and Expenditures of the Executive Depart­ Order of Railway Co~duc~rs, of C~~a~ Ra:p1ds, Iowa, praymgtor ments. the enactment of leg1slat1?n prohibiting ticket scalpmg; which The bills were severally read twice by their titles, and referred was referr.§d to the Comm1~t~e on Interstate Commerce. . to the Committee on the Organization, Conduct, and Expendi- Re also presented a petitlOn ~f the Dubuque (Iowa} Med1c~ tures of the Executive Departments as follows: Society, praying for the estabhshment of a burea}l of pubhc A bill (S. 1552) to repeal section 3ll of the Revised Statutes of health within the Treasury Dep~tment of .the pmted States;_ the United States: and which was referred to the Committee on Ep1demw Deseases. A bill (S 1553} to regulate the making of proper returns by He also presented~ petition of Wall Lake Post,~ o. 505, Grand officers of the Gove~ment. Army of the Repubhc, Department of Iowa,praymg for the en­ actment of legislation providing just a.r:d equitable s~rvice pen­ CASES FOR WORLD'S F Am MEDALS. sions· which was referred to the Comm1ttee on Penswns. Mr. VILAS. I am instructed by the Select Committee on the Mr: SHERMAN presented a memorial of 48 citizens of Clay­ Quadro-Centennial to report a joint resolution and to ask for its ton Ohio remonstrating against the passage of the Wilson tariff present consideratiC?n. . . bill~ whi~h was referred to the Committee on Finance. The joint resolutwn (S. R. 58) to prov1de smtable cases for He also presented memorials of 1~0 business mel!- and w~ol­ medals awarded exhibitors at the World's Columbian Exposition, growers of the Territory of New Mex1co, remonstratmg aga1nst was read the first time by its title and the second time at length, placing wool on the free list; which were referred to the Com­ as follows: mittee on Finance. Resolved by t!Le Senate and House of Repregentatives of t!L6 United StateJJ of Mr. VILAS presented a petition of the common council of .Ame1·ica in Congress assembled, That the Secretary of the Treasury be, and he Shawano, Wis., praying that an appropriation of $~00,00 0 . be is hereby authorized to procure suitable cases for the bronze medals awarded exhibitor's at the World's Columbian Exposition, and to pay for the same made for the improvement of the harbor at Oconto, W1s.; wh10h from the appropriation contained in the third section of an act entitled "An was referred to the Committee on Commerce. . act to aid in carrying out the act of Congress approved April25, 1890, entitled He also presented a petition of Bonner ~d~e, No.17,AnCI~nt 'An act to provide for celebrating the four hundredth anniversary of the Order United Workmen, and of sundry e1t1zens of Eaucla1re, discovery or America by Christopher Columbus, by holding an international exposition of arts, industries, manufactures, and p~oo:ncts of the soU, mi;ne, Wis. in the interest of fraternal society and college journals, and sea. in the city of Chicago, in the State of IllinolS, and appropriatmg praylng for the passage of the Manderson-Hainer bill, proposing money therefor,'" approved August 5, 1892. • to amend the postal laws; which were referred to the Commit­ The VICE-PRESIDENT. Is there objection to the present tee on Post-Offices and Post-Roads. consideration of the joint resolution? . Mr. PASCO presented a petition of the Board of _Trade of By unanimous consent, the joint resolution was considered as Jacksonville, Fla, praying for an amendment of the bill ~H. R. in Committee of the Whole. 411 ) regulating the number of hours of employmen~of engmeers The joint resolutio~ was reported to the. Senate. without of steam vessels; which was referred to the Committee on Com- amendment, ordered to be engrossed for a th1rd readmg, read merce. _ the third time, and passed. Mr. BATE presented a petition of" the Democracy of the Ter­ ritory of Oklahoma," inconventi?n assembled ~t Perry, January EMPLOYMENT OF STENOGRAPHER. 24., 1894, praying that that Terr1tory be ad!filtted as a s.tat~ of Mr. BUTLER. I am directed by the joint committee from the Union· which was referred to theComm1ttee on Terr1tor1es. the Committees on Naval Affairs of the two Houses to report a Mt'. HIGGINS presented a petition of sundry citizens of ~id­ resolution, which, I believe, under the rule must go to the Com­ dletown Del. praying for the passage of the Manderson-Hamer mittee to Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the bill, rel~tlve to postage on fraternal society and college jour- Senate. 1800 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. FEBRUARY 2, ..

The resolution was r~ad, as follows: AME.."N"DMENT TO REVENUE BILL . .Resolved, That the joint committee from the Committee on Naval Affairs Mr. QUAY. I askleavetosubmitanamendmentwhichishall of the two Houses of Congress be, and hereby is, authorized t.o employ a sten­ ographer, t-o be paid from the contingent fund of the Senate. propose to the bill (H. R. 4864) to reduce taxation, to provide revenue for the Government, and for other purposes. I should Mr. ALLISON. Should not the expenditure be paid jointly be glad to have the amendment read. by the two Houses? The am~ndment was read, and referred to the Committee on Mr. BUTLER. That matter was discussed. I suppose we can Finance, as follows: arrange it afterwards. Amendment to be proposed to H. R. 4864 by Mr. QUAY. Mr. ALLISON. I will not interfere with the Senator's reso- After section- insert additional sections, as follows: lution: . "Section -. That the owner of silver bullion may deposit the same at an:v The VICE-PRESIDENT. The resolution will be referred.to mint of the United States to be coined for his benefit, and it shall be the duty of the proper officers, upon the terms and conditions which are provided by the Committee to Audit and Cont:r:ol the Contingent Expenses law for the deposit and coinage of gold, to coin such silver bullion into the of the Senate. - standard dollars authorized by the act of February 28, 1878, entitled" kn act to authorlze the coinage of the standard silver dollar and to restore its - EXPENDITURES IN UTAH TERRITORY. legal-tender character," and suc11 coins shall be a legal tender tor all debts anJ dues, public and private: Provided, That the Secretary of the Treasury Mr. FAULKNER, from the Committee on Territories, re­ shall proceed to have coined all the silver bullion in the 'Ireasurypurcha.sed ported the following resolution; and it was considered by unan­ with silver or coin certificates. ' "SEc. -. That section 3412 of the Revised Statutes of the United States, imous consent and agreed to: the same being section 122 of the national-bank act, imposing a tax of 10 per Resolved, That the Secreta.ry of the Treasury be directed to report to the cent upon the amount of notes of any person or of any State bank or State Senate an itemized account, from the year 1875 to the year 1886, inclusive, of banking association used for circulation or paid out by them, be, and the the account audited against the Territory of Utah, showing in said state­ same is, hereby re:pealed so far as the same applies to banks which shall sa. ment the salaries, if any, charged against said Territory; stating in the ag­ cure their circulatwn by a deposit of State or national bonds, approved by gregate the amount for each year of compensation for the United States the proper authority of the State in which said banks may be located. District Attorney and his assistants, the fees of United States commission­ " SEv. ·-. That the Secretary of the Treasury is hereby directed to purchase ers and clerks of the cour ts, and the fees and traveling expenses of United from time to time, gold bullion to the amount of 14.5,125 ounces fine gold in to Stat~ s marshals; of supplying and caring for the penitentiary; the amount each month, at the market price thereof, and issue in payment of such of fines imposed under the act of June 23, 1874; the amount remitted, and purchases of gold bullion Treasury notes of the United States, to be prepared the amount collected and turned int-o the Treasury of the United States. by the Secretary of the Treasury, in such forms and of such denominations, not less than iilO nor more than $1,000, a.s he may prescribe, and a sum sufll­ MRS. MATILDA HAGAN. cient to carry into effect the provisions of this act is hereby appropriated out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriat~d. Mr. WHITE of Louisiana. I am directed by the Co~mittee "SEC.-. That the Treasury notes issued in accordance with the provisions of this act shall be dated upon the last day of the year in which the same to Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate, to are issued and shall be payable in coin on demand forty years after date", whom was referred the resolution submitted by the Senator from with interest at the rate of one-tenth of 1 per cent per annum, and shall be a West Virginia [Mr. FAULKNER] on the 1st instant, to report it legal tender for all debts and dues, public and private, except for duties on favorably and without amendment. I ask for the present con­ imports and interest on the public debt. The gold bullion, the purchase of which is herein provided for, shall not be coined until otherwise provided sideration of the re.soiution. for by law. The VICE-PRESIDENT. The resolution will be read. "SEC.-. All laws or parts of laws authorizing the issue of interest-hear­ Ing bonds of the United States, tor any purpose whatsoever, shall be, and The Secretary read as follows: the same are hereby, repealed." Resolved, That the Secretary of the Senate be, and he is hereby, authorized and directed to pay out of the appropriation for miscellaneous items of the PAYMENTS TO QHICKASA W INDIANS. contingent fund of the Senate to Mrs. Matilda Hagan, mother of Charles L. Hagan, deceased, late a clerk in thepost-ofllee of the Senate, the sum of${100, Mr. PLATT ~ubmitted the following resolution; which was being an amount equal to six months' salary as a clerk as aforesaid, the said considered by unanimous consent and agreed to: 5900 to be immediately available. And said sum shall be considered as in­ cluding funeral expenses and other allowances. Resolved, That the Secretary of the Treasury is hereby directed to inform the Senate of the amount of money paid from the Treasury to the Chicka­ The VICE-PRESIDENT. Is there objection to the present saw Nation of Indians, to make good arrears of interest or principal of non­ paylng stocks and bonds belonging to the Chickasaw trust funds; and consideration of the resolution? whether any of the bonds held for said trust funds were abstracted from the Mr. HOAR. What is the resolution? Treasury; and if so, the amount of principal and interest which has been Mr. WHITE of Louisiana. It is a resolution to pay a sum of paid to make good the investments so abstracted. money, a half year's salary, to an employe of the post-office, who TOWN SITES IN OKLAHOMA TERRITORY. died. It is the usual resolution in such cases. Mr. HOAR. An employe of the Senate post-office? Mr. PLATT submitted the following resolution; which was Mr. WHITE of Louisiana. Yes, sir. considered by una.nimous consent, and agreed to: Mr. HOAR. I think that ought to be stated in the resolu- Resolved, That the Secretary of the Interior is hereby directed to transmit to the Senate copies of all reports made by A. P. Swineford, a special agent tion. of the Department, relating to t~ reservation of lands for county seats or Mr. FAULKNER. It is stated. town sites along the line of the Chicago and Hock Island Railroad in t1i.e Mr. HOAR. I did not hear the reading ol. the resolution. Cherokee Outlet, previous to the opening of the same for settlement. Mr. WHITE of Louisiana. The resolution is in the form EULOGIES ON THE LATE REPRESENTATIVE MUTCHLER. adopted some years ago by the Committee on Contingent E.x­ penses, which has been followed .in every case of this kind. Mr. QUAY. I desire to give notice that on Thursday next, The resolution was considered by unanimous consent, and after the morning hour, I shall ask the Senate to proceed to the agreed to. consideration of the resolutions of the House of Representatives BILLS INTRODUCED. now upon the table relative to the death of Ron. William Mutch­ ler, late my colleague in the other House of Congress from the Mr. DAVIS introduced a bill (S.l547) for the relief of John State of Pennsylvania. Donnelly, dependent father of Frank Donnelly; whicn was read twice by its title, and, with the accompanying papers, referred to REDEMPTION OF CURRENCY-GOLD RESERVE. the Committee on Pensions. The VICE-PRESIDENT. The Chair lays before the Senate Mr. PERKINS introduced a bill(S.1548)toprovidefor licenses a resolution coming over from a previous day, which will be to certain officers of steam vessels; which was read twice by its read. title, and, with the a.ccompanying paper, referred to the Commit­ The Secretary read the resolution submitted yesterday by Mr. tee on Commerce. ALLEN, as follows: Mr. PALMER introduced a bill (8.1549} for the relief of Wil­ liam H. Hugo; which was read twice by its title, and referred to Resolved, That the Secretary of the 'l'reasury be, and he is hereby, directed to inform the Senate what amount, if any, of the di!!erent kinds of paper the Committee on Military Affairs. money or cun·ency issued by the GovernmenthasbeE>nredeemedsince Janu­ Mr. JONES of Arkansas introduced a bill (S.1550) for the bet­ ary 14, 1875, to this date, classifying such money or currency, giving the ter regulation of insurance companies doing business in the In­ amounts, respectively, by years or such redemption, and what por tion of such currency or money thus redeemed, if any, was destroyed, and what portion dian Territory· which was read twice by its title, and referred was reissued, giving the amounts and classes by years, respectively. Also, by to the Committee on the Judiciary. what right or authority the so-called gold reserve now maintained in the Mr. HUNTON introduced a bill (S.1551) for the relief of John Treasury was established, when established, and under what authority it is W. Fairfax; which was read twice by its title, and referred to now maintained. the Committee on Claims. The VICE-PRESIDENT. The question is on agreeing to the Mr. BERRY. My colleague [Mr. JONES of Arkansas], who is resolution. too unwell to be here, requested me to introduce a bill for him The resolution was agreed to. and have it referred to the Committee on Indian Affairs. OFFERS FOR BONDS. The bill(S.1554 ) granting the Indian Pacific Coal and Railway Company right oi way through Indian and Oklahoma Terri­ The VICE-PRESIDENT. The Chair lays before the Senate tories; was re:J.d twice by its title, and referred to the Commit­ a resolution coming over from a previous day, which will~ tee on Indian Affairs. read.

\ 1894. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 1801 •

The Secretary -read the resolution submitted yesterday by Mr. BATE. We can not hear the Senator from Ohio on this Mr. PEFFER, as follows: . ride. , Resolved, That the Secretary of the Treasury be, and he is hereby, directed The VICE-PRESIDENT. The Chair -requests Senators to to inform the Senate how many offers have been presented for the purchase of bonds proposed to be issued and sold in his notice under date of February suspend conversation. · 17,1894, giving the names and places or business of the persons and firms, Mr. SHERMAN. I say again! I do not think in the history and companies or corporations making such offers, for what amounts, and of the Government the names of bidders for a public loan have at what prices the offers were made, also the names and places of business of the persons to whom the s::tid bonds have been sold, in what amounts to been printed, unless they were corporations or the like. I have each and at what price; also when the offers of each and all of the bidders no objection to the names of corporations, trust companies, were received at the Department. banks, etc., being given, because their business should be public.· Mr. PEFFER. I ask leave to modify the resolution. In line The names of private mdividuals who offer to take bonds are 4 where the word "February" occurs, it ought to read "Jan­ not disclosed, simply because it is not good policy to disclose the uary." _private affairs or the business operations of private citizens,· The VICE-PRESIDENT. The resolution will be modified as which could have no bearing whatever upon any question o.f suggested. The question is on agreeing to the resolution as legislation, unless to deter such persons from making bids. modified. · I do not know a single person who has made a bid in respect Mr. SHERMAN. I have no objection to this call for infor­ to this loan. Probably the great body, ninety-nine one hun­ mation, but so far as I know a call has never been made for the dredths of all the bids, have been made by corporations. Ihave natpes of indi vid Llals who make an offer to buy bonds. A prec­ no objection to their names being given, although I doubt the edent of that kind I think would be very injurious to the pub­ expediency of even that information; but as they are public cor­ lic credit. As a matter of course persons who present their of­ porations there is no pa-rticular objection to it. However, as to fers may not desire to have it known. They may be acting for the name of an individual, compelling him to disclose his busi­ others. It would be very unusual and I think injudicious to ness transactions, I do not think that would be a wise thing to make the names public. I do not see any use to have such in­ do, and I do not think it is proper to commence now a new prac­ formation communicated, except to embarrass people and pre­ tice. vent them from making offers. If the Senator wants this infor­ Mr. ALLEN. I desire simply to state thatthereasonsoffered mation, omitting the name of the bidders, I should be very will­ by the Senator from Ohio are not sufficient so far as I am con­ ing to see the resolution passed, but I do not think it ought to cerned. I can think of no reason why the name of every bidder be passed in the form in which it now stands. for the Government bonds should not be given to Congress and Mr. PEFFER. I may be ignorant of the proper method of to the world. Certainly there is nothing under existing laws transacting the public business. It may be that we have gone making it a crime for a man to bid for Government bonds or to so far along that our public officers may transact the business want them. I can see nothing in the nature of the transaction entrusted to them with private individuals without the public that involves any particular delicaeyupon the part of_ the bidder knowing who they are. If that is the case, the Senate can say or that should prevent the country from having a knowledge of so. In my own individual judgment, both as a man and a Sen­ the names and the residence of the persons as well as the cor­ ator, I believe that the public have a right to this specific in­ porations who bid for our bonds. formation. It is time that every detail of our public business, Mr. HARRIS. Will the Senator from Nebraska allow me to when asked for by the people, should ba given to them without ask him a question? stint. Mr. ALLEN. Certainly. Mr. HARRIS. I should like to ask the Senator from K~.nsas Mr. HARRIS. What interest have we as Senators in know­ if the place of business of the persons who make offers or pro­ ing whether the bidder may be Smith, Jones, or Brown? We posals would not be satisfactory to him, without the necessity of have a right to know, and it may beprofitableforustoknow, the giving the names of the individuals? amount of bids, the rate of premium at which the bidders propose Mr. PEFFER. No, Mr. President, it would not. I want the to take the bonds, the rate of interest that the investor would names of these persons, and if it is not proper that they should acquire if his bid is accepted; bnt how would it benefit the Sen­ be given, I want the Senate to say so. ator from Nebraska or myself or any other Senator to know Mr. SHERMAN. I move to strike out the words "names what particular individual has proposed to take these bonds at and " where they occur. / a rate of interest to the investor of 3 or 2t or 2t or what not per The VICE-PRESIDENT. The question is on the motion of cent? the Senator from Ohio to amend the resolution by striking out Mr. ALLEN. I shall be pleased to answer the Senator from in the fifth line the words "names and," and also the same words Tennessee. I am sat.isfied that the people of this countrv not in the eighth line. only have the right, but that they desj.re to know who are the Mr. HOAR. I can see no objection to requiring, if it would holp.ers of their securities. If a man puts himself in the attitude meet the view of the Senator from Kansas, that the answer to of negotiating with the Government for its securities there is the resolution shall specify the amount of bids made by corpo­ not a single reason that is substantial why the name and resi­ rations as distinguished from natural persons. The amount of dence of that man should not be known to the entire people. If bids made by national banking corporations might well be given, he desires to become a broker in national securities, he must do because we are entitled to have all the transactions of the na­ so with the understanding that the nation and the people com­ tional banking corporations made public. posing the nation whose securities he purchases have a right to Mr. SHERMAN. And trust companies. know who he is and where he is, as well as the amount of bonds Mr. HOAR. And trust companies, but especially national that he pu-rchases. banking corporations. If that would accompliSh the object of Mr. STEWART. Will the Senator from Nebraska allow me the Senator from Kansas I should support a modification of the to make a suggestion? resolution in that form. I agree with the Senator from Ohio Mr, ALLEN. Certainly. that if a private person makes a bid which is not accepted he has Mr. STEWART. Might it not be useful, in case a. question a right to have it kept from the public. , · should arise as to the validity of the bonds, to know who were Mr. PEFFER. !take this viewof the matter: Whenapropo­ the original purchasers? A question of that kind might arise. sition is published to the world, scattered broadcast all over the Mr. ALLEN. The information might be very germane in a United States and in every way made public by the Secretary of question of that kind. But the people have a right to it for the Treasury, that on~ certain day he will receive bids or pro­ another reason. They have a right to know the class of persons posals for the sale of the people's credit, the people have aright who are dealing in the securities of the country, and to know to know who are making those bids, and I ask for the names of whether these securities are being pu-rchased by the masses of those persons. Whether they be individual men, individual our people, that we hear so much about nowadays, or whether women, corporations, banks, trust companies-! care not what, they are being gathered up by domestic or foreign corporations, Mr. President, I ask for the information in the name of the or by citizens of foreign countries, to be held against the in­ people. As I said awhile ago, if it is not proper, let the Senate dustries of the country. All these things the people of this as a Senate say so. country not only have a right to know, but I am surprised that Mr. ALLEN. Befor~ the question is put on the motion to any Senator should doubt the expediency of letting them know amend, I should like to ask the Senator from Ohio to state why it. What is there about the transaction that it should be the names of the bidders for these bonds should not; be given? shielded from the people of this country? What reason exists why the names should not be given? Mr. PLATT. I do not know that there is anything about the Mr. SHERMAN. In the first place, I believe a call for such transaction which makes it improper that the people should information has never been made. That is pretty good evidence know all about it. The thing that astonishes me is that there that it ought not to be made. Another reason is that it might should be any such burning and consuming desire to know who deter people from bidding, as it would disclose their own affairs. has been lending- the Government money at 3 per cent. I con Even un ~rdina1.·y person might not desire--- not understand the sentiment which appears to be underneath Mr. ALLEN. I can not hear the Senator. this resolution, an,d what the Senators say who advocate it.

/ . 1802 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE . FEBRUARY 2,

Senators speak of this as if it were to attach some stigma to an of those who are anxious simply to have a public record made of individual who had come forward and offered to lend the Gov­ this transaction. ernment money at 3 per cent interest when it needed it. In­ There is another thing, Mr. President. I have charged upon deed, to hear the discussion one would suppose that there were this floor repeatedly, as Senators, and indeed the whole country, Senators here who almost thought it criminal to lend money to know very well, that I profoundly believe that our financial af­ the Government at a low rate of interest when the Government fairs are not manipulated by the Government of the United States, needed it, ttnd needed it very badly. I say I can not understand but by speculators in Wall street, New York, and.,.hence, if it the sentiment which appears to be back of this resolution of in­ should prove that the publication of these names-and I want to quiry. be perfectly candid about it-should disclose to the people and I heard the Senator from Kansas [Mr. PEFFER] not long ago, to the world that there have been improper communications, im­ in an elabor a.te speech , arguing by the hour here that people proper correspondence, improper relations, if you please, be· who lent money at mot;e than 2 or 3 per cent interest were tween private citizens who control large amounts of money and usurers, and were doing great injustice to the mass of the peo­ public officers, there will be no harm resulting to the business ple of this country; and now, when we have some persons who of the country or to the feelings of the people in having those are willing to loan money to the Government at 3 per cent in­ facts known. I do not say that they exist in this particular case, terest-which is about the rate of interest the Senator thought but I want the information. Then we can come to our own con­ was fair and just and equitable-they are disturbers of the pub­ clusions as to what we ought to do, or think, or say in the lic peace, they are apparently doing something to injure the future. great mass of the people. I am surprised, I am amazed, Mr. President, to see Senators I can not, for the life of me, understand, Mr. President, why insisting that this class of information shall not be given to the it is thatanybodyshould object to the people who, having money, people. lena it to t he Government when the Government needs it, at as Mr. COCKRELL. I can see no special reason why this reso­ low a rate of interest as 3 per cent. lution should pass, and none why it should not pass. The infor­ Mr. ALLEN. If the Senator from Connecticut will let me ask mation called for has already been largely given and published him a question before he takes his seat, I would ask him what is . in the newspapers. the necessity of borrowing money. Is not Congress invested So far as the question propounded by the distinguished Senator with ample power to provide money for the immediate uses of from Nevada[M1·. STEWART] to the distinguished Sena.tor from the Government? What, then, is the necessity of running be­ Nebraska [Mr. ALLEN] is concerned, that if any question should hind this assumed power of issuing bonds and covering up this comeupaboutthe validity of t hese bondsitmight be pertinent to transaction by keeping the names of the bidders for those bonds knowwhowere the original purchasers, I beg to assure the Sen­ away from the public? ator that there never will be any question raised in the Senate or Mr . PLATT. That is ano1iher question which has been dis­ House ol Representatives t-o amount to any movemen\ at all ques­ cussed here for the last two days, and I do not desire to go into tioning the validity of the bonds. That they will be recognized that discussion. I myself wish that Congress would act and as valid and binding upon the United-£tates and that the prin­ give the Secretary of the Treasury specific power to borrow cipal and interest will be paid there is not a shadow of doubt. money for the current expenses of the Government. I very much The money, the proceeds of these bonds will go into the Treas­ coincide with the opinion which has been expressed here, that ury, and whether it is then disposed of according to law will the Secretary of the Treasury has not the power to borrow money not be a question for the holders of the bonds to pass upon. That for current expenses. I think Congress ought to act. I think will be a question for Congress to pass upon. The purcha.sers the party in power now, and more than a year in power, many of the bonds will in no manner be responsible for the disposition months having elapsed when we have been in session, ought to of the proceeds of those bonds, and if the proceeds should be have brought forward a measure enabling the Government upon converted to the individual use of employes of the Government some terms to borrow the money required for current expenses. the next day after they were received, the bonds would -be just But l do not want to go into that question. What I desire to as valid as if the proceeds had been applied to the purposes au­ call attention to is the spirit which seems to prevail through­ thorized by law. out the country, that a man who lends a dollar of money to the I want to say that I ain just as much opposed to issuing these Government at 3 per cent interest is in some way a criminal or bonds as any Senator upon this floor, and to the policy of issuing an enemy of this country. I do not believe any such thing. them; but when the United States under any color of law issues Mr. W ASHBURN. Mr. President, so far as I am concerned its obligations and gets a full equivalent for them, we must and I do not see the slightest point to the pending resolution, but will recognize them to the fullest extent. at the same time it occurs to me that there is no objection to it, Mr. President, in regard to the information called for by the and lam sorry that any objection has been made, especially on resolution, I think we have had the same information in relation this side of the Chamber. to almost all other transactions of the Government. One of the I think it is to the credit of the men who have subscribed for largest volumes published by Congress is the list of the bidders these bonds. I think in almost every instance it has been done for mail contracts, in which the name of each of the bidders in as a patriotic duty; and nobody who has subscribed for them has all parts of the country and the amount of the bid is set down. any reason to be ashamed of it, and there is no reason why the My recollection is that we have had the names of all the bidders information sought for should not be spread before the country. for silver bullion, which have been printed at the request of During the war what would have become of us if the same Senators; and my recollection also is that we have documents kind of people bad not come to the front and furnished the conbining the names of all the bidders.for Government securi­ sinews? There is no reason for them to be ashamed of their ac­ ties. I have not looked over it for some time, but I have a bound tion, and there is no reason why the names should not be pub­ volume of documents relating to the purchase and sale of Gov­ lished to the world. It is to their credit, and I hope the resolu­ ernment secmities, in which I think will be found the name of tion will pass, although I do not see, as I have said, that there nearly every purchaser. , is any special point in it. I can not see why a bidder for Government bonds shoUld be Mr. PEFFER. The Senator from Connecticut [Mr. PLATT] discriminated against and his bid kept secret, when the Secre­ mistakes the motives which in~pired the offering of the resolu­ tary has already published the names of nearly all of the sub­ tion. There is no disposition to criticise persons who are lend­ scribers to the amount of -forty-five or fifty million dollars, and ing money to the Government or to individuals; and the Sena­ there cert3inly can be very few names which are concealed. tor is mistaken altogether when he conceives that there is some Why any of them should be concealed I can not see. There is covert feeling, some sentiment ot suspicion act uating the mover no dishonor attaching to the transaction· there is no discredit of the resolution as if it was proposed to attach some stigma to attaching to it. The bidders are doubtless known in their money-lenders in this particular case. No, Mr. President, that neighborhood to have the money or to control it. I can not see is not where the stigma attaches. any object in refusing to give the information, and I can see no I have no objection to gentlemen, corporations, trust compa­ benefit to result from the information when it is given. nies, or what not, lending their money to the Government or to Mr. STEWART. Mr. President, it may be that there is no individuals, but I have very serious objections, when a Senator remedy for any illegal issue of bonds. or the issuing of bonds upon the floor, in his own proper place and in his own proper under the pretense that the proceeds are to be used for one pur­ person, asks to have this information published to the people, pose, with the avowed intention to use them foranotherpurpose; that his fellow-Senators should rise and object to its being done. l?ut I think the country would like to know to whom these bondQ We may, with equal plausibility, wonder why it is that other are issued, because they are issued under very peculiar circum­ Senators wish to shield these men from the public gaze, why stances-circumstances where there is no necessity for them. they desire to have any transactions going on between Govern­ The Secretary of the Treasury gave notice of an mtention to ment officials and private individuals kept a. way from the people. coin the silver bullion in the Treasury and give the Govern- 1 It ~ms to me, Mr. Presidtmt, that if there is any stigma to mentthe benefit of the seigniorage of $55,000,000; he then visited attach anywhere it is in that direction, and· not in the direction .New York, and more than one of the public journals declared-:; l 1894. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 1803

that, on conference with the bankers, he had abandoned the idea Mr. GRAY. Mr. President, I merely wish to say that I shall of coining the seigniorage, and that there had been much good vote against this resolution not because, as the Senator from derived from his visit to New York. The Financier and three Missouri [Mr. COCKRELL] said, I think i t can possibly do any or four other leading journalsof New York stated that the bank­ harm, but I can not see that it can possibly do any good. I do ers had accomplished that purpose. _ not care myself who subscribes for these bonds, nor do I believe It is also well known that. a large portion of the greenbacks that the people of . the United States care, and if they do care which have been issued from time to time since 1862 have been the information is public and open to all who wish to know. I destroyed, and the statute makes it the duty oi the Secretary of do not care to vote for a resolution just for the sake of voting the Treasury to keep outstanding $3-16,000,000. It is well known for it, unless some reason is presented which would make the that there is not that amount outstanding, and by issuing to the information valuable if it were furnished. Without any feeling full amoup.t to make up for that loss, about $50,000,000 will be one way or the other I shall vote against the resolution. eovered into the Treasury without increasing the national debt The VICE-PRESIDENT. The question is on the motion of and without changing the policy of the Government. It is well the Senator fro.m Ohio [Mr. SHERMAN] to strike out from the known that these resources exist, but the bankers of New York resolution of the Senator from Kansas the words which have do not intend to have them utilized; they demand the issuance been read, " of bonds. Mr. HAWLEY. I should like to say a word. I do not see We know the condition of the bankers; we know why they any objection to the resolution. It. is a matter of curiosity, and want bonds.- The industries of the country are so paralyzed that perhaps it would be useful as a part of the record; but I do not they can not invest the surplus money they are obtaining from myself see any objection to giving the names o( the gentlemen interest in enterprise; they are unwillin~ to do it because con­ or the institutions who have subscribed to the loan. I should traction has destroyed and paralyzed enterprise. There is a de­ be willing to make it the basis of a vote of thanks to gentlemen ficiency of good money futures in which to invest, because the who came forward and made the purchases in an emergency, panic has destroyed a large volume of the existing securities, when there was a good deal of doubt and question. I am much and there is want of a place to invest them. If these bankers obliged to them. have infl uenced tlie Secretary of the Treasury against using Mr. BATE. I do not know whether I am correctly informed ·other resources at his command, and which cost th!3Government or not, but I understand that anyone who desires to know who nothing, and have induced him to adopt this course of issuing are the purchasers of the bonds can gain that information by bonds for a selfish purpose, let their names be published, if we going to the Department"and asking the Secre-tary of the Treas­ can do nothing more, so that we may see who are influencing the ury. I do not understand that there is any concealment about operations of this Government a'!!d loading taxes upon the peo- it. If I thought there was, and th31t there was' anything to be ple by increasing the bonded indebtedness. - gained by the information, I certainly should not vote against I say that is a question as to which the people would like to be the resolution. The information has been already given in the informed, and I think the Senator from Kansas did well to call public press. I have no objection to the fact being known~ but for the names. The names may have been published, but from I see there is a mode already by which we can get at it and I see the fact that the ~nator calls attention to them, the country no use for the adoption of the resolution. may connect them with the active agents in controlling govern­ Mr. PEFFER. 1 hope that the amendment will not be adopted. mental affairs, with the active -participants who brought the I should like to have the resolution remain just as it was intro- power of public opinion which they created to bear upon the duced. _ legislation of the extra session and the activ;e agents, I believe, Mr. SHERMAN. I believe very strongly that this mode of in- creating the panic. calling for the names of private citizens who take public securi­ I say that the persons who invest in these bonds under these ties, while it may not be at all injurious in this case (because I circumstances ought to be known, so that the country may know do not know that a single private person has taken any of the who is controlling the action of the Government and influencing bonds offeredj, is a bad example. The Government of the United legislation through the press, and for what purpose they are ex­ States ought to deal directly with the people and as little as pos­ erting themselves as they are. sible with banks and bankers in issuing public securities. We In these times money futures are important, good money fu- know the great success of the sale of our refunding bonds . . tures are scarce, because bankruptcy is destroying many money Three-fourths of them were taken by the people directly. As a futures and it is necessary to unload on the public securities matter of course, a man in dealing with the Government ought which are unsafe. Government securities are regarded as safe, to have security against the publicity of his affairs among his and since the business of the country has been so paralyzed there neighbors. For one reason or another he may not desiretohave seems to be nothing profitable but investments in money futures, the transaction known. This loan, no doubt, has been a great and safe money futures are very desirable for those who have public loan through corporations. Probably the Senator from money to invest. I should like to know the class of persons who Kansas will not get any names of individuals. No private indi­ are engaged in the business of making investments in money fu­ viduals have subscribed to the loan, according to the statement tures at this time, and who desire them. There is no profit in in the press. anything else. Business is destroyed; ordinary money futures Therefore, not to delay the Senate in the matter, I will with­ are dangerous; and those who are so anxious to have bonds at draw my motion to amend, at the same time insisting that this this time should be known. Of course they can loan at a low in­ is a bad thing to do. It is an effort to create an impression in terest, and then it is spoken of as" patriotic." They can afford some way or other that it is wrong to lend the Government to take no interest if they can continue the process of contrac· money. The people of France, in every part of that country, -tion, because the appreciation of money is greater than ordinary loaned the Government of France in the time of its great peril, interest. In the last twenty years gold has appreciated more in the war of 1870, immense sums of money, and enabled France than two and a half per cent per annum, and in the next ten to recover from the enormous misfortunes that had befallen her years the appreciation of gold will be still greater if the present in the campaign. policy is continued. The country ought to know who are en­ It is not wise to expose such a transaction. A man may have gaged and who are interested in appreciating gold and depress- a very honest reason to conceal it. A widow person may have a ing property. · little sum of money which she would like to put in Government I am glad, although the information will probably come to us securities to be hiddenaway. What is the use of publishing the in other directions, that the Senator from Kansas has --seen names, so as to excite attention to_them and endanger the safety proper to call attention to these bidders and let the country know of their money? They would probably hoard the securities for who are speculating in money futures and making investments private purposes. Is it necessary to disclose these things? I do at low rates of interest, with the view of the enhancement of the not think it is; but rather than delay any longer the passage of value of money, which they expect. the resolution, I will withdraw my amendment so far as this loan Mr. HOAR. I said_awhile ago that I agreed with the Sena­ is concerned. tor from Ohio [Mr. SHERMAN], but, on reflection, I can not see The VICE-PRESIDENT. The amendment being withdrawn, any objection to the information the resolution calls for if any the question is on agreeing to the resolutionof the Senator from Senator desires it. Of course, so far as the loan is taken by na­ Kansas. tional banks and other quasi public corporations, every transac­ The. resolution was agreed to. tion of that kind ought to be made public if anybody desires it. If private persons subscribe for this loan or any future loan, and IMMIGRATION FUND. desire to have the fact concealed and kept private for the sake The VIQE-PRESIDENT. The Chair lays before the Senate of concealing their own affairs, they ordinarily would subscribe a resolution coming over from a previous uay, which will be read. through a broker or through a national bank, so that their The Secretary read the resolusion submitted yesterday by Mr. names would not be disclosed. So I can not see that the reso­ CHANDL.ER, as follows: lution sets an inconvenient precedent. I shall therefore vote Resolved, That the Secretary ot the Treasury be directed to inform W!e for the resolution if the Senator from Kansas desires its passage. Senate what were the receipts each year after 1889, and during the sixmonUli 1804 CON.GRESSIONAL RECORD-SENAT·E. FEBRU.ARY-2,:

I ending December 31, 1893, at the several ports o! the United States from the ISSUE AND SALE OF BONDS. head moneys known as the immigration fund, collected !rom passengers en­ tering this country; and also what were the gross expenditnres during said The VICE-PRESIDENT. The Chair, under the agreement periods made at each port, and the gross expenditnres not chargeable to any particular port, including with both of said kinds of expenditures a classi­ yesterday, lays before the Senate the resolution of the Senator fication thereof under the varioua appropriate heads o! expenditure; and from Nevada [Mr. STEWART], which will be read. that said Secretary be dire:!ted to submit estimates of the expenditnres The Secretary read the resolution submitted by Mr. STEWART which it will be necessary to make under each of said heads of expenditure for the fiscal year to end June 30, 1895. on the 29th ultimo, as follows: Resolved, That in the judgment of the Senate o! the United States the The VICE-PRESIDENT. The question is on agreeing to the Secretary of the Treasury is not at this time clothed, under existing laws, resolution. with any legal authority to issue and sell the bonds or other interest-bearing 'rhe resolution was agreed to. obligations of the Government. ADJOURNMENT TO MONDAY. The VICE-PRESIDENT. The question is upon agreeing to the amendment proposed by the Senator from Pennsylvania [Mr. On motion of Mr. VOORHEES, it was QUAY], upon which the Senator from Wisconsin [Mr. VILAS] is Ordered, That when the Senate adjonrn to-day it be to meet on Monday ent:tled to the floor. next. HAW AllAN AFFAIRS. Mr. HARRIS. ·Let the amendment be read. The VICE-PRESIDENT. The amendment will be read. The VICE-PRESIDENT laid before the Senate the following The SECRETARY. It is proposed to insert after the word message from· the President of the United States; which was read, "Government," at the end of the resolution, the words: and on motion of Mr. COCKRELL. was, with the accompanying Except to provide for the redemption of the legal-tender notes o! the papers, referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations, and or­ United States presented at the subtreasury of the United States in the city der~ d to be printed: of New York. To the Cong-ress: Mr. QUAY. I desire to modify the amendment by adding I hereby transmit a communication !rom tho Secretary o! State, accom­ after the words "New York:" panying a dispatch received a tew days ago from our minlliter at Hawaii. And that the money derived !rom the sale of bonds issued under that act GROVER CLEVELAND. can not be lawfully applied to any other pnrpose. EXECUTIVE MA..~SION, FebrUa1!Y 2,1894. The VICE-PRESIDENT. Without objection, the amendment MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE. -.will be modified as indicated . A message from the House of Representatives, by Mr. T. 0. .Mr. HOAR. I should like to have the amendment as modi­ TOWLES, its Chief Clerk, announced that the House had passed fied read. the following bills; in which it requested the concurrence of the The VICE-PRESIDENT. The amendment as modified will Senate: be read. A bill (H.R. 3218) to increase the pension of Jane Thompson, The SECRETARY. It is proposed to add to the resolution the of Jefferson County, Ga.; and words: A bill (H. R. 4864) to reduce taxation, to provide revenue for Except to provide !or the redemption o! the legal-tender notes of the the Government, and for other purposes. United States presented at the subtreasnry o! the United States in the city of New York, and that the money derived from the sale o! bonds issued un­ THE REVENUE BILL. der that act can not be laWfully applied to any other pnrpose. Mr. VOORHEES. I a.ak that the revenue bill, which has just Mr. HOAR: Let the whole resolution be read a-s proposed to come over from the other House, be laid before the Senate. be amended. The bill (H. R. 4864) to reduce taxat.ion, to provide revenue The SECRETARY. The resolution, if amended as proposed, for the Government, and for other purposes: was read twice by would read: its title. Resotved, That in the judgment of the Senate o! the United States the Ivlr. VOORHEES. I move that the bill be referred to the Secreta.ry of the Treasnry is not at this time clothed, under existing laws, with any legal authority to issue and sell the bonds or other interest-bearing Committee on Finance. obligations of the Government, except to provide for the redemption o! the The motion wa.a agreed to. legal-tender notes o! the United States presented at the subtreasnry o! the Mr. QUAY. I wish to inquire of the chairman of the Com­ United States in the city of New York; and that the money derived !rom the sale of bonds issued under that act can not be lawfully applied to any mittee on Finance whether it is not his purpose to have the tar­ other pnrpose. iff bill, which has just been referred, printed for the use of the Mr. VILAS. I desire to submit an amendment to the amend­ Senate? ment of the Senator from Pennsylvania, which will be an ad­ Mr. VOORHEES. Undou~tedly. It will be printed as a mat.- dition to the amendment. ter of course. The VICE-PRESIDENT. The amendment to the amendment Mr. QUAY. In document form? will be read. · Mr. VOORHEES. It ·will be printed in bill form. The SECRETARY. It is proposed to add to the amendment: The VICE-PRESIDENT. The bill will be printed under the 1·ule. Except in accordance with such acts of appropriation by Congress as may Mr. QUAY. It ought to be printed in document form. · require the use o! the same to discharge such appropriations. Mr. HOAR. We shall want to have it in document form also. Mr. VILAS addressed the Senate. After having spoken for ~1r. ALLISON. I suggest to the Senator from Indiana that some time, he have, say, 2,000 copies printed in document form for the use The VICE-PRESIDENT. The Senator from Wisconsin will of the Senate. We shall all have requests for copies of the bill. suspend. The hour of 2 o'clock having arrived, the Chair lays Mr. VOORHEES. Had it not better be printed under the before the.Senate the unfinished business, which will be stated. rule first, and then it will be subject to a motion to print, per­ The SECRETARY. A bill (H. R. 2331) to repeal all statutes re­ haps with accompanying matter! for the convenience of the lating to supervisors of elections and special deputy marshals, Senate? . and for other purposes. Mr. QUAY. Our constituents will be calling for copies at Mr. GRAY. I ask that the unfinished business be tempo­ once...... _ rarily set aside in order that the Senator from Wisconsin may Mr. VOORHEES. At the suggestion of the Senator . froni conclude his remarks. Iowa, I move that 2,000 copies of the bill, be printed for the use The VICE-PRESIDENT. Is there objection? The Chair of the Senate in pamphlet form. Then we can print it in a dif- hears none, ~nd the Senator from Wisconsin w~ll proceed. ferent form, with accompaniments, afterwards. , [Mr. VILAS resumed and concluded his speech. See Appen­ Mr. COCKRELL. The order has already been made to print dix.] it in bill form, and a separate order is now asked to print 2,000 copies in document form? - Mr. FAULKNER. I move that the Senate prQceed to the con· Mr. VOORHEES. Yes. sideration of executive business. Mr. HOAR. Allow me to ask tbe Senator from Indiana to Mr. HOAR. I should like to take abo~t five minutes in reply modify his motion so as to print it in document form with an in­ to the Senator from Wisconsin. dex. Mr. FAULKNER. Very well; I withdraw the motion. Mr. VOORHEES. That is a very good suggestion. I will so Mr. ROAR. Mr. President, I think five minutes will be modify my motion. enough to answer the four hours' speech of the Senator from The VICE-PRESIDENT. The question is on the motion of Wisconsin [Mr. VILAS]. the Senator from Indiana as modified. Last November there were $24,500 worth of United States The motion was agreed to. notes prese·nted for redemption at the Treasury. In the month of September, 1893, there were $143,592 worth presented for re­ HOUSE BILL REFERRED. demption at the public Treasury, and for the last six months, The' bill (H. R. 3218) to increase the pension of Jane Thompson, since the month of August, there have been in no month more of Jefferson County, Ga., was read twice by its title, and referred than three-quarters of a million, or thereabouts, presented for to the Committee on Pensions. redemption.

. 1894. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENAT-E. 1805

Jt is a fact as notorious as the sun rising and the sun setting which is intended to be applied to the current expenses of the that-there is no practice, or purpose, or expechtion on the part Government; and the Senator has been obliged, in his ingenious of anybody that within the next six months, or t welve months, or and shrewdly devised amendment, to say that the authority any o t~er re:lScin able time, there will be any necessity for any given by: the act of 1 75 is an authority in substance to borrow more money in the Trea-Sury for the purpose of the redemption money for this purpose and also for the purpose of paying every of United States notes than there is that there will be a war subsequent appropriation made by Congress which, between with the Australian possessions of Great Britain. 1875 and 1893, I suppose .must have amounted to some two or It is another notorious fact that if any money be {Z'ained by the three thous3.Dd million dollars. That is the proposition; and sale of these bonds: the purpose is to put it into the Treasury when that proposition is advocated here and I deny it, the hon­ with one hand and to J)ay it out for current expenses with the orable Seng,tor get3 up and says I am attacking the public credit other · and everybody who defends the present action of the Sec­ and that he is standing by it, that I am speculating, and that he retary of the Treasury in the Senate, in the House of Represent­ is talking about practical matters. · atives, in the press, or anywhere else, defends it by some. proc· Mr. P resident, I made that stg,tement the other day, as I S3.id, ess of reasoning by which he pretends that, in substance and in with a full knowledge of its responsibility and with absolute '.fact , the Secretary has the right to borrow money, and is bor­ measure of my language. When I made it the loan had been rowing money, for the purpose of paying the current exlJenses effected, I suppose; at any rate it had been assured, if we can of the Go vernment. The Senator from Wisconsin has under­ trust the reports of the press and the reported decl~rations of taken to vindicate this necessity by talking about the appropria· the Secretary of the Treasury himself; and I say again that un­ tions which the conduct of the Republican party in t.he past, der such circumstances, in my judgment, a loan creates no legal when mg,king them, has rendered necessary to be met and pa.id. or equitable obligation of the Government, and I should like to Mr. President, the proposition which has been stated is that know if there is a Senator in this Chamber, if he believes the the constitutional power of borrowing money to meet the cur­ facts to be what I have supposed them to be, so h s.rdyas todeny tent expenses of the Government is lodged in Congress, and for the legal or constitutional proposition? the Secretary of the Treasury to undertake to exercise it, as But there is another proposition, which is equally sound, in you know he is undertaking to exercise it, as I know he is un­ my judgment, not in the least inconsistent with the one I have. dertaking to exercise it, and as the country knows he is under­ just made and not in the least inconsistent with anything I said taking to exercise it, is usurpation. the other day; that is, if in consequence of an illegal, unconsti­ Mr. President, the Senator talks about strengthening or weak­ tutional. and most unwarranted exercise of authority, the money ening the public credit. Does the Senator think that the credit of a creditor has come to the Government of the United States of any self-governing and constitutionally governed nation is and has been honestly and fairly applied to its purposes, of course impaired or is promoted by keeping its public agencies within the legislative power of the country would provide for the p:ty­ their constitutional limit, or no'1 ' ment of the debt, not by reason of any obligation or constraint The Senator says that if we are willing that this money shall caused by these bonds, but by reason of the equitable obligation go for the public service, shall be J)aid to the creditor, there is and constraint caused by the fact that the people of the United nothing left but mere speculation. When we undertake to re­ States have had the benefit of the money-a proposition I sup- monstrate against the exercise of a power which, for all time and pose too clear and apparent to be questioned. , without restraint, is to put the money-borrowing power of the Mr.-President, what is the condition? Here is a party which countrr out of the hands of Congress and into the hands of an has seen before it, arising from whateveF cause, a deficiency in execut1ve officer it is said it is mere speculation. Is the propo­ it-S Trea-Sury in regard to the payment of the current expenses sition that the great po~er of the purse, which our fathers of the Government. They assembled here on the 7th day of guarded with every safeguard and security which the ing~nuity August, 1893, and sat nearly three months; they came here of man could devise, shall be taken away from Congress and again on the first Monday in December, 1893, and have been lodged in irresponsible executive hands mere speculation? here two months more; and yet in all that time its Adminis­ The Senator from Wisconsin says that I have taken back some­ tration or the representatives of its Administration in1either thing that I said the other day. I deny it. I have taken back House of Cong-ress have not ventured to submit to the lawmak­ the misunderstanding of my honorable friend from Wisconsin, ing power any proposition for providing for this exigency. Yet and that is all. The proposition which I made the other day I we are charged with a lack of patriotism, and have one of the repeat, when a public executive agent is authorized to borrow extraordinary nonp~rtisan sermons, which are getting so com­ money for a particular purpose, and for no other, when the no­ mon on the other s1de of the Chamber, because we reprove torious public existing conditions, of which courts would take them for doing this thing by an unconstitutional, illegal, and notice, of !Vhich every citizen would be required by the courts to extraordinary exercise of power, inst-ead of doing it in the ordi­ take notice, including his ow~ avowals and the avowals of his nary way, through the lawmaking power of the Government. representatives on this floor,• shaw that he is not borrowing it Do you dare to tell this Congress in what way you propose to for that purpose, that he is not exercising that discretion, then provide for this exigency? You can introduce your bill in ten the obligation created by his act can not rest upon the Govern­ minutes. I do not suppose, whether Populist, Republican, or ment as a lawful or equitable obligation. Is there any doubt Democrat, there is a Senator on this floor who is not willing to about that proposition? ' join in any reasonable and proper mea-Sure to relieve this condi­ Suppose during the late war the Secretary of the Treasury tion. Either you do not desire to have it relieved by the law­ had been authorized by an act of Congress to borrow $500,000,- making power, or you are conscious that the plan and scheme of 000 and issue bonds ror it, for the better prosecution of the war, your Administration is such that you do not dare to submit it does any body doubt that if thirty years after peace was declared to public scrutiny and to legislative action. he had undertaken to raise such a fund, the persons who dealt The Secretary of the Treasury himself eight weeks ago declared with him would not be charged with knowledge of the fact that that the very thing he is doing, to wit, raising money by this old we were at peace and that it was impossible he could be exercis­ form of bonds provided for in the law of 1875, would not be toler­ ing the discretion for that purpose? Suppose when the New ated either by Congress or by the people, and yet he proceeds to Orleans custom-house was built, which, I think, cost some eight do it. If it were the exercise of a legitimate function, it seems or ten million dollars before it was finished, a Secretary of the to me it would be a very remarkable thing indeed that an Ex­ Treasury had been authorized to borrow $10,000,000 for the pur­ ecutive officer, who is the especial servant of the people and pose of completing that building and to issue bonds, and ten subject to the direction of the Houses of Congress, should come years after its completion he had. borrowed that money and paid -in and say neither Congress nor the people would tolerate this it out for current expenses, borrowed it again, paid it outagain, method of proceeding, and then eight weeks after proceed to do borrowed it again, and so, as I said the other day, through this it on his own authority. little pint pot of a power, the great ocean of our Government I should like to have inserted in the RECORD, for the use of expenditure was forever after to flow. That is my proposition, the Senate, the t9.ble of the redemptions of United States not-es and does anybody doubt it? And, if it be sound, does anybody for the last six months. doubt when we are redeeming our Treasury notes at the rate of There being no objection, the table was ordered to be printed SlCO,OOO a month, even if we did not take the admission of this in the RECORD as follows: four hours' argument of my honorable friend, if we did not take the declarations of Mr. Carlisle himself when he borrows this United United l:V30 ,000,000, which the Senator says this $50,000,000 loan brings Month. States Month. States in; that the Secretary is not borrowing it to keep that redemp­ nqtes. notes. tion fund good? Mr. President, the matter is too ridiculous for n. serious dis­ 1893. 1893. July------$771,935 October------$262,512 cussion. There is not an intelligent man or woman 20 years old August ______------1, 189,757 November----·------24,500 in this Republic who does -not know perfectly well that these September ____ ·------·- 143,592 December------284,743 bonds have been issued to get in this indirect way a sum of money, 1806 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE. FEBRUARY 2,

Mr. TELLER. I "RS:k:una;llimous consent-of the Senate-that Enoch A. Higbee, of New Jersey, to be collector of customs theTesolnliion whlc:h has been pending may go =over until Mon- for the district of Great Egg Harbor, in the .State of New da;y, with the understanding that it.shall not interfere with the · Jers~y. regul-ar order, but if there is a time when the regular order is . REGISTERS OF THE LAND OFFICE. not before the SeB:ate t he _rasoiution may be considered. Mr. 'CHANDLER. I:ask unanimous-consent-I have the floor Solon B. Patrick, of Visalia, Cal., to be Tegister o.f the land on the el-e-ctions r epeal hiil--:-that the unfinished business., which office at Visalia, CaL is the elections repeal bill, m ay be taken up at the conclusion of William C. Bowen, o1 Denver, Colo., to be register of the land the routine morning business on Monday next, "to the exclusion office at Del Norte, Colo. of tb:e pending r es:olrrtion. Thomas J. Bolton, .of San Bernardino, Cal., to be register of Mr. TELLER. 1 do not~object :to that, so that the resolution the land office at Los Ang-eles, Cal. may be considered pending when there is nothing else to be . POST1\-1ASTERS. considered. Mr. :CHANDLER. As the resolution has -excluded the elec- James M. Logan, to be postmaster at Shelbyville, in the county tirms bill t o-day, I ask that the elections bill may -exclude the of Shelby and State -of Ke-ntucky. I'" resolution on Monday. John Drawe~ to be postm!:lSter at Marine City, in the coun-ty of .Mr. TELLER. 1 wlll·as:k that t he resolu'tion may go over and St. Clair and State of Michigan. ' come u.p on Tuesday ne1tt if it can -come up at that time without Andl'ew J. Arnold, to be postmaster at Topeka, in the county interfering with the eleetians bill; that if it-would then inter- of Shawnee and State of Kansas. fere with that bill it shall not oome up. William D. Rutm, to be postmaster .at Newa.rk, in the county Mr. CULLOM. But eume up · aiteTwa-rd~ of Essex and State of New Jel'Bey. Mr. TELLER. I think perhaps-we had better let the resolu- P at d ek Reiley., t o be postmaster at West Troy, in the county tion go over until Wednesday a:nd be done with it. I will ask or Albany and Bt::t te-of New York. tha.t the resolution .go :over until Wednesday next. . George D. Mahan, to be postmastru· at Danville, in the county Mr. HOAR. Why .not set tle it on Monday-? o£ Boyle aJ!ld State of Kentucky. Mr. TELL-ER. T,he Senator irom Ne-vada [Mr~ .STEWART] Moses M. Hasm, to be postmaster at Dubuque, in"the -county of asked me to have the resolution-continued before the Senate. 1 Dubuque and State of Iow

the Senator from New Hampshire [Mr. 0.HANDLER]':' Alverda M. Glov-er1 to be postmaster at Aurora, in the county Mr. HARRIS. What was the request? of Hamilton and state of Neb1'aSka. · :Mr. FRYE . Ithought it was the-request of .the Senator from William H. Burks, to be t:JOs tmasteratSullivan,in the county Colorado{Mr. TELLER]. . . of Sullivan and Stat

1894. OONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. J807

The SPEAKER. It is not in orde.r, under the 01·der of the Now, it is proposed by the interposition of a report from a Bouse, to offer an amendment to the title. committee-becau~e that is the character: of this proceeding­ The Clerk will read the Journal. to still further displace this re olution of privilege and prevent The Journal was read. the House from acting upon it; and not only that but by its Mt·. BOUTELLE. Mr. Speaker­ terms this rule provides for the consideration and disposition Mr. CATCHINGS. Mr. Speaker-- of other matter, not privileged, prior to the consideration of the The SPEAKER. If there be no objection, theJournalasread privileged qu~stion. will be approved. It seems to me, Mr. Speaker that on the very Jaee of this Mr. RICHARDSON of Tennessee. I desire to correct the proposition it is inimical not only to essential parliamentary REcoRD, if I may be recognized. principles, but to. the conBtitul.ional functions of the House it­ The SPEAKER. Do-es the gentleman .rise in regard to the self. Journal? This question of privilege was raised by me some six weeks Mr. RICHARDSON of Tennessee. No; I desire to correct the ago. It went to the question whether the Executive of the REcORD. United States had invaded the privileges of this House in an at­ There was no objection, and the Journal was approved. tempt to destroy the existing and recognized Government of Hawaii and to set up a monarchy in its place. Of course no MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT. higher question of pr1vilege could be raised, and when that ques­ A message, in writing from the Presidant of the United States tion has once been laid before the House, it seems to me obvious was communicated to the House by Mr. PRUDEN, one of his that by every rule of orderly procedure, by every rule of com­ secretades, who also announced that the President had approved mon sense, the first business for the House to determine must and signed bills and joint resolutions·of the following titles: be whether there is validity in the charges made in that resolu­ On January 27, 1894: tion, because clearly if at the " time that resolution was intro­ An act (H. R. 3627 ) granting certain lands to the Territory of duced into this House itsallegationswerewellfounded, if at that Arizona· time and since that time it has been true that the Executive or An act (H. R. 4610) to improve 'the methods of accounting in any other Department of the Government had or has infringed the Post-Office Department, and for other purposes; upon and usurped and interfered with the exercise of any of the An act (H. R. 4292) to amend section 3709 of the Revised Stat­ constitutional powers of this House, then the validity of the pro­ utes, relating to contracts for supplies in the.Departments at ceedings of the House itself has become involved to that extent.

Washington; and · And I desire.1 Mr. Speaker, without prolonging the discussion Joint resolution (H. R. 112) authorizing the chief justice and upon this matter, to submit that this question is not more im­ associate justices of the court of appeals and of the supreme por tant to me than it is to the Speaker, nor than it is to the court of the District of Columbia to use and take books from the House of R-epresentatives or to the country. It is a matter Library of Congress. which goes to the very foundation, as I believe, of legislative On February 1, 1894: government, and I desire to call the attention of the House to Anact(H. R. 356) to authorize the Secretary of the Interior to this phase of the question, that if it be true that undertherules reserve from sale certain land in the abandoned Fort Cummings adopted the Committee on Rule3 can at any time dispossess a military reservation, and for other purposes. question of privilege of its position before the House, and if MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE. when tb.e House has disposed of one order which the Committee A message from the Senate, by Mr. PLATT, one of its clerks, on Rules has submitted to the House, that committee can again announced that the Senate had passed without amendment the come in and still further postpone the right of the House to act bill (H. R. 683) for the relief of -Martha A. Devly, deceased. upon the question of privilege, then every right and privilege The message also announced that the Senate had passed with of this House guaranteed to itoy the Constitution of the United amendment the bill (H. R. 4859) for the relief of certain settlers States are wrested from it and invested in the control of the Com­ upon the Iowa Reservation, Oklahoma Territory ; in which the mittee on Rules· because, as the Speaker will see, this question concurrence of the House was requested. can not be evaded or satisfied by the suggestion that the Commit­ The message also announced that the Senate had passed the tee on Rules will in any case of exigency submit a rule for the ac­ bill t,S. 1427) granting an increase of pension to .Mrs. Helen G. tion of the House; because, as the Speaker will see, if the House Heiner; in which the concurrence of the House was requested. should this morning refuse to support the action of the Commit­ tee on Rules and should vote down this report; if by an unanimous HAWAII. vote, if you please, the House should manifest, so far as it is Mr. CATCHINGS. I desire to present a. report from. the able to do in.this indirect way, its desire to take up and dispose Committee on Rules. of a question of privilege, notwithstanding that fact, the mo­ Mr. BOUTELLE. I rise to a. question of privilege. ment that the House has voted down this report, under the Mr. CATCHINGS. I desire to present a. report from the present ruling the Committee on Rules can drawfrom its quiver Committee on Rules. another report upon some other matter, either important or Mr. BOUTELLE. Mr. Speaker, I rise to a question of privi- frivolous as the case might be, and if it should see .fit may con­ ~~. - tinue to keep this House employed in voting upon propositions The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Mississippi is recog- submitted from the Committee on Rules to the end of the session nized to report an order from the Committee on Rules. or of the Congress, to the absolute exclusion of the right of the Mr. BOUTELLE. I make a point of order upon that. House to consider questions vitally affecting its own privi- The Clerk read as follows: lege. _ Resolved, That immediately upon the adoption of this order, the House Now, it seems tome, Mr.Speaker-and themorelhavethought proceed to the consideration of House resolution printed as Miscellaneous about it and the longer I have considered it the more I have Document No. 75, reported from the Committee on Foreign A!rairs Jannary 29, 1894, expressive of the sense of the House of Representatives relative been convinced-that the only safe rule, the only possible rule, to Hawatian a.trairs; that the consideration thereof be resumed immedi­ I will say, for orderly procedure is to recognize that fundamen­ ately after the first morning hour on the two legislative days following tal right of all parliamentary bodies, the right of "privilege." next after that day on which this order i.s adopted; that at the hour of 4 o'clock p. m. on the last of said legislative days, the previous question be The very word itself defines the character of the right. It is a considered as ordered on said resolution and pending amendments, and then reserve power that all legislative bodies must hold in their own Without intervening motion, the vote be taken thereon; that immediately keeping, to interrupt ordinary procedure, and interpose in the after said resolution shall ha.ve been disposed of, and not before the Houst> shall proceed to the consideration of House resolution printed as Miscella­ midst of routine or customary transa.ctions, when any question neous Document No. 43, reported adversely from the Committee on .Foreign shall arjse that is of special and immediaw importance to the A.l'rairs on December 21, 1893, relating to policy respecting intervention of House itself, or to the individual members of the House, of such the United States Government in a.trairs of foreign friendly Governments; and the consideration thereof shall continue from day to day, after the sec­ a character that it ought to be determined before ordinary busi· ond morning hol11' until disposed of. ness is proceeded with. . Mr. CATCHINGS. On that I demand the previous question. And, -as I said before, it does seem to me that the only safe Mr. BOUTELLE. I make the point of order that it can not rule is the rule adopted and enforced by Speaker Carlisle in that be in order for any report or any proposition to take precedence decision of his, brief but luminous and comprehensive, in which of a pending question of high privilege affecting the rights and he held that "when a point of order is made that any matter or existence of the House; and it seems to me that the_very read­ proceeding is in violation of the honor or dignity or privileges ing of the resolution introduced ought to demonstrate the incon­ of the House, it is not a question for the Chair but for the House gruity of this proceeding. Here is a question of high privilege itself to determine." As it seerQ.s to me, that is the only safe rule, pending before this House, affecting the exercise of its rights and because the House can determine immediately whether the ques­ privileges as a coordinate branch of the Government, which has tion of privilege is one that it desires to sustain or to lay aside. , n~vertheless been displaced by a. former procedure of this kind The House can refer it; the House can pass upon it, but it does and thereby been kept from the consideration of the House for seem to me, Mr. Speaker, that it is an unsafe pra-ctice for us to over six weeks. go on in this way., allowing the Committee on Rules to come in . -

1808 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. FEBRUARY 2,

here and push aside every right of this House that can possibly "privileged subject." Mr. Everett argued that the proposition" did not take precedence on the ground of privilege" under the rules and was not in order. arise for vindication. - " The Speaker (Ron. John White, of Kentucky) decided that aa by the Con­ Let me call the Chair's attention to a matter now pending side stitution it was a privilege of the House of Representatives to institute pro­ by side with my own resolution. There is a resolution intro­ ceedings against the President, he considered that the present was a privi­ leged proceeding and should take precedence of all other proceedings.' Mr. duced in regular form and sent to the Committee on Naval Al­ Everett appealed, but withdrew it, and the House proceeded to consider the fairs. It is a resolution calling upon the Navy Department, as charge and resolution. ' the House has a right to do, for certain information, informa­ December 13, 1843: tion absolutely essential, I may say, to the full consideration of · On motion of Mr. Botts for the appointment of a commlttee to inquire the subject which the gentleman from Mississippi [Mr. CATCH­ into charges that certain members of Congress had submitted certain prop­ INGS] is now proposing to bring before the House. That reso­ csit.lons to the President to postpone consideration of a certain "great na­ tional measure" on condition that he retain his Cabinet in office, the Speaker lution of inquiry was unanimously reported to the House by the held it his duty to entertain the motion at least to the extent of submitting Committee on Naval Affairs, but it was set aside without action to the House the question whether it presented a question of privilege. The under the rulings of the Chair, by the operation of the special House refused to lay on the table, but voted, 86to 106, that the resolution be order; and here we are to-day, confronted with a situation in not-received and entertained. which the House is proposing to consider an important question January 7, 1867, second session Thirty-ninth Congress, page 121: concerning which information. of an important chamcter was Mr. Ashley, as a question of privilege, submitted a. resolution of impeach­ ment of Andrew Johnson, President of United States, and moved the pre­ requested by a committee of this House weeks ago, but upon vious question. Mr. Spalding moved that the subject be laid on the table. which the House bas been prevented from acting at all, owing Lost-yeas 39, nays 1G5, not voting 46. The main question was ordered and to the rule of procedure that has been adopted. the resolution passed-yeas 108, nays 39, not voting 44. That resolution is hanging in the air.now. Under this proce­ December 2, 1884, second session Forty-eighth Congress, Jour­ dure there is no way of getting at it. If this proposition of the nal, pages 27, 28: gentleman from Mississippi [Mr. CATCHINGS] displaces the ques­ Mr. E'ollett charged Lot Wright, United States marshal, with' usurpation tion of high privilege which I reported six weeks ago, it also of power and violation of law, and moved for committee of investigation. Mr. Keifer made the point of order that the resolution was not privileged, displaces the privileged inquiry reported from a committee of as it did not specifically propose articles of impeachment. Speaker Carlisle the House, and absolutely prevents the House from exercising overruled the point of order upon the ground that under the established its right to obtain information manifestly appropriate to the practice of the House all propositions to impeach a public officer who is im­ peachable under the Constitution were privileged. The resolution was consideration of the question that is now proposed to be consid­ agreed to. ered. I suggest, Mr. Speaker, in all seriousness, that it cannot be possible for Congress to go on in this way. It seems to me I desire to cali special attention to the following rulings: that the future looms before us full of incongruities if we go July 29, 1886, first session Forty-ninth Congress, RECORD, page on in this manner. 7699: Suppose the Committse on Rules were disabled; suppose that Mr. BuRRows moved to discharge the Committee on Invalid Pensions some great question, for instance, had arisen at some time whAn ~~~-the furthE-r consideration of pension bill, H. R. 4058, vetoed by the Pres- members of the Committee on Rules were out of town, or other­ Mr. SPRINGER made the point of order that it was not in order to move to wise unable to act, is this House to be deprived of the exercise discharge a committee from the consideration or a bUI, although the bUI mi.ght be privileged. of its fundamental rights and privileges because we have looked Speaker Carlisle overruled the point of order, and held that the motion to ourselves up for a period of days, or for a period of weeks, as in discharge the committee was privileged, as in the case of the motion of Mr. the case of the last rule, during which no privilege of this House TURNER of Georgia to discharge the Committee on Elections fl·om further consideration or the contested case from Rhode Island. whatever could be entertained unless three gentlemen of the Mr. SPRINGER. But if our rules have sent this bill to a committee for con­ dominant party should permit it to be done. · sideration, the same Constitution gives us the right to make our own rules. Mr. Speaker, I am inclined to.think that the Chair itself, on • $ (: • .:: 0 $ reflection, must see that the House o~ Representatives, in view The SPEAKER (Mr. Carlisle). The rules expressly provide that all matters of its constitutional duty, can not by a rule deprive itself for relating to contested elections shall go to the Committee on Elections, and ' days or weeks at a time of the right and privilege of dealing yet the Chair holds that a motion to discharge that committee from the fur­ ther consideration of such a case and bring it before the House is a privileged with matters of extraordinary import to itself. motion. Without detaining the Chair any further, I wish to call the The Speaker also ruled that on a motion to ''discharge a com­ attention of the Chair to certain precedents and rulings upon the subject which to me seem conQlusive. In Wilson's Digest mittee" the question of consideration can not be raised. · of Parliamentary Law I find these rulings: June 18, 1884, first session Forty-eighth Congress, RECORD, -rn 1759: page 5299: Mr. Miller of Pennsylvania presented a resolution as a question of privi­ It is clear that a brer..ch of privilege in one Parliament may be punished lege deciaring that John R. Chalmers "was duly elected a Representative in another succeeding. (Selden, 1 Hats., 184.)! to the Forty-eighth Congress, etc., and is entitled to be seated." Mr. Ham­ In 1769: mond raised the point or order that the subject had been committed by the House to the Committee on Elections. Mr. Thompson of Kentucky raised In their deliberations both Houses are legislative; but when their privi­ the question of consideration. · leges are infringed, their judicature is called into action. (May, 72.) Speaker CARLISLE. The gentleman from Kentucky raises the question In 1797: of consideration against the resolution. The Chair decides that it is a mat­ ter of privilege, but of course the question of consideration can be raised A question of privilege will supersede the order of the day (8) and when­ against it. * * * It was formerly the rule and practice of the House for ever called for must betaken up (9). (8, C. L. and P., 1399) (9, H. Jour.,2,31, 119.) the Chair to submit the question of consideration to the House in all cases, In 1800: but under existing rules it is provided that the Chair shall not submit that When a breach of privilege occurs "the House- should procee1 to such im­ question unless some gentleman demand.s it. Every gentleman has the mediate measures as it may think proper in order to vindicate itself or its right to demand that the question of consideration shall be put, etc. members, or to remeve all obstructions to its freedom of proceeding." (C. December 17, 1889, first session Fifty-first Congress, J ourna.l, L. and P., 1501.) · page 22: In 1803: Resolution instructing Committee on Elections to inquire and report in re­ Proceedings, even pending the demand for the previous question, may be gard to a vacant seat. Mr. CRISP made the point of order that the resolution stayed on a question of privilege, that a member-elect may be presented and must be referred to the Committee on Elections. Speaker REIDD overruled the qualified. (10 Cong. Globe, 350.) point of order on the ground that the preamble and resolution touched the privileges of the House, and it therefore became the duty or the Chair to In 1804: entertain and submit it to the House. A member speaking may also be interrupted for the same purpose on a question of privilege. (11 Ibid., 223.) · September 3, 1890, first session Fifty-first Congress, Journal, In 1830: ' page 1013: Matters relating to the privileges, either of the House or a member, must During the consideration of the contested election case or Clayton vs. Breck­ first be entertained by the Chair, so far as to submit to the House to deter­ inridge, Mr. CUMMINGS or New York took the floor on a question of personal mine whether or not it is a question of privilege. (H. Jour. 29th and 30th privilege and spoke for one hour. Cougresst~s, lbia. 1, 31, 1079, 1080.) August 9, 1890, first session Fifty-first Congress, CONGRES• Then, coming down to a later period, we have even more per­ SION AL RECORD, page 837 5: tinent rulings: Speaker REED held that a question of privilege is in order and has prece­ dence, although presented on a day previously set apart as a. speci.al order In 1852: for consideration of other business; that the privileged question is admis­ The qualification of a member is a question of privilege which may inter­ sible and before the House for its consideration. rupt a member speaking~ (11) so also the presentation of credentials (12) (11 13 Cong. Globe. 2~ (12 Cong. Globe 1. 39. 31. 69.; 2. 39. 4.) I also cite again in this connection the ruling of Speaker Car­ In 1855: lisle in the Forty-ninth Congress, as follows: Although a question of privilege has been postponed by a vote of the August 5, 1886, first session Forty-ninth Congress, RECORD, House, it must be taken up whenever called for. (Ibid., 2, 31, 119.) page 8031-8032: January 10,1843, third session Twenty-seventh Congress, Jour- Speaker Carlisle held that "whenever a point of order is made that a mat­ ter or proceeding is in violation of the honor, dignity, or privileges of the nal, 157, 158: · . House, it is not a question for the Chair, but for the House itself to deter­ Mr. Botts impeached President Tyler of high crimes and misdemeanors as a mine." 1894. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 1809 '· I repeat here the point of order made by me on a former occa­ motion does not take away from the House the right to deter­ sion, that it is not in the power of the House by the adoption of mine when theywill consider it. Now, the pending reportfrom any rule, or of the Speaker by his interpretation or administra­ the Committee on Rules provides that immediately upon the tion of any rule, to dive"st the House of the exercise of any of adoption of this order the House shall proceed to consider the its constitutional functions, and in view of the precedents cited resolution reported from the Committee on Foreign Affairs, that I ask the Chair to submit to the House itself to determine the it shall be considered for three days, that at4 o'clock on the third question of privilege which has been pending il} this body for day the previous question shall be ordered and the vote be taken; more than six weeks, and which, as presented by me, raised a and then it provides that after said resolution shall have been question of the highest privilege that can be brought before this disposed of, and not before, the House shall proceed to consider body. the resolution indicated by the gentleman from Maine. The SPEAKER. li the Chair can make himself heard (his lithe proposition of the genHeman from Maine now is correct, voice being in bad condition this morning) he will endeavor to then it is absolutely out of the power of the House to fix a time explain the situation as it was under the old order, the situation when they will proceed to consider the resolution called up by as it will be under the order now proposed, and to make clear him. If the gentleman from Maine can obstruct and interfere the distinction between the two orders and the general rules of with the resolution which thus provides the time and place for the House when operating withoutspecial orders. Unquestion­ the consideration of his privileged motion, by urging the pres­ ably the ordinary proceedings of the House can be interrupted ent consideration of that privileged motion, then the majority of by a privileged question or by aquestion of privilege. Our rules the House have not the power to determine when they will con­ provide, or rather designate, what shall be questions of privi­ sider that motion. lege, and at any time, when no question of higher privilege is Mr. BOUTELLE. Well, Mr, Speaker, will the Chair permit before the House, any member, when he gets the floor, may call me at this point to ask the Chair whether he recognizes that the up a privileged question. House at this moment has the right by a majority vote to deter­ The gentleman from Maine [Mr. BOUTELLE] presented a prop­ mine whether they would consider this privileged question or osition which the Chair held to be privileged. It was referred not? Now, if the Chair will permit me I will call his attention to the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and was reported back to the fact that even if seven-eighths of the members of the from that committee adversely, and awaits the action of the House-- House. On the 8th day of January, soon after the reassembling The SPEAKER. The Chair heard the gentleman in full. of Congress after the Christmas holidays, there was presented Mr. BOUTELLE. I hope the Chair will permit me to call his from the Committee on Rules a raport providing for the consid­ attention to the fact-- eration of the bill which on yesterday passed the House. That The SPEAKER. The Chair heard the gentleman in full. order adopted a new system of procedure. That order super­ Mr. BOUTELLE. I trust the Chair will allow me-- ceded and nullified every rule of the House that was inconsist­ The SPEAKER. The Chair can not allow the gentleman to ent with it. interpose. That order provided exactly what should be done every morn­ Mr. BOUTELLE. Well, surely the Chair, when consider­ ing, but it did not stop there. It expressly provides that" no ing this question, oug-ht to discern the difference-- other motion shall intervene after the passage of this resolu­ The SPEAKER. The Chair is making a decision, and gave tion." It provides that " the House shall meet at 11 o'clock; the gentleman all the time he asked for on the subject. that beginning to-day, withoutintervening motions, exceptcon­ Mr. BOUTELLE. If the Chair does not desire to hear me, I ference reports and. reports from the Committee on Rules, the will t:ike my time after the previous question is ordered. House shall proceed with the consideration" of the tariff bill. The SPEAKER. The Chair has no doubt the gentleman will It does not except privileged questions, but it excludes privi­ get full time. leged questions. It provides that, without intervening motions Mr. BOUTELLE. I have not any either. except conference reports and reports from the Committee on The SPEAKER. So that if the House shall adopt the order Rules, after the reading of the journal business under clause 1 now reported from the Committee on Rules, it will provide that of Rule XXIV shall be disposed of, the Speaker shall call the com­ the privileged,question indicated by the gentleman from Maine mittees for reports, and the House shall then resolve itself into shall be considered, but-and to this the Chair desires to call the Committee of the Whole. attention of the Rouse-it will not prevent and does not prohibit That is the order of the House, not of the Speaker, not of the the consideration of other privileged motions, even pending the Committee on Rules, but of the House itself. The House itself time assigned for the consideration of the Hawaiian resolutions. determined that until it had disposed of the tariff bill no motion The Chair desires the House to understand that. Privileged should be considered except those expressly mentioned in the resolutions could not be considered pending the order which special order and to the extent, as the Chair said before, that exhausted itself last night, because that order named and de­ this order is in conflict with the general rules of proceeding of nominated the motions that could be made; but the order that the House it supersedes those general rules and becomes the law is now before the House does not do that. It simply assi~ns of the House. Therefore the reason why the Chair under this time for the consideration of the resolutions reported by the order refused to entertain the motion made by the gentleman Committee on Foreign Affairs, and pending that consideration from Maine to proceed to a question of privilege) which motion any motion that is a privileged motion may be called up unless under the general rules would have been in order, was because the House has fixed a time subsequent for its consideration. under the special order of the House it was not in order. The resolution of the gentleman from Maine can not be called Therefore, if there has been anywhere any infringement or up, because if this order be adopted the House determines not violation of the rights of the House it has been committed by to consider it until it has disposed of the resolution from the the House itself in the adoption of the special order, and not by Committee on Foreign Affairs. . the Speaker. The resolution of the gentleman from New York, from the Mr. BOUTELLE. Will the Chair permit me to suggest-­ Committee·on Naval Affairs, could be called up; because it is a The SPEAKER. One moment. On yesterday that special question of privilege which might be called up in the regular order exhausted itself, and this morning we meet again under the proeeedings, when not expressly excluded by the terms of the general rules of the House. Those general rules provide that order. Therefore the Chair does not see that this resolution reports from the Committee on Rules shall always be in order. takes away from the House any of its privileges, but preserves The gentleman from Mississippi [Mr. CATOmNGS] presents this to the House itself the right and the power to protect their morning a report from the Committee on Rules. The gentle­ honor and dignity before the country. Therefore the Chair man from Maine [Mr. BOUTELLE] rises to a privileged question thinks that the question should be put on the report from the and claims that it ts.kes precedence of the report from the Com­ Committee on Rules. mittee on Rules. Now, the report from the Committee on Rules, Mr. CANNON of Illinois. I would like to have it reported, which is before the House, provides, among other thing-s, for the as I have just come in. consideration of the very question of privilege presented by the The resolution was again reported. gentleman from Maine. If this report be adopted the House de­ Mr. CATCHINGS. I demand the previous question. termines that it will first proceed to consider the report from Mr. CANNON of Illinois. I would like to ask a question. the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and will then proceed to con­ The previous question was ordered. sider the question of privilege presented by the gentlemanfrom The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Maine [Mr. REED]will Maine. However much any individual member may criticise be recognized for fifteen minutes ·and the gentleman from Mis­ the scope and purpo2e of the order reported from the Commit­ sissippi [Mr. CATCHL~Gs] for fifteen minutes. tee on Rules, certainly no member can deny the right and power Mr. REED. I yield five minutes to my colleague [Mr. Bou­ of the House to adopt it. · TELLE]. The HousB is not bound to consider a question of privilege Mr. BOUTELLE. Mr. Speaker, I take the floor simply to until, in the judgment of the majority of the House, it is right say that as the Chair seems strangely indisposed to allow me to and proper to clo so. The mere fact that a motion is a privileged call his attention to a specific point in reference to the pro- UVI-114 1810 CONGRESSIONAL REOORD-HOUSE. cedure that fails to give the House its rights, I wish now, in my tions which, under ordinary parliamentary law, the House ha! own time, to call his attention to this fact, that if seven-eighths a right to vote upon. For instance, this order provides that of the members of this House at this moment should desire to the previous question shall be considered a,s ordered at 4 o'clock consider a question of privilege which ha,a been pending for on Monday next. more than six weeks under the ruling of the Chair they are ab­ The adoption of this order deprives this House of the right to solutely prevented f rom doing it, because the only way for the vote upon a motion to lay the resolution on the table. Upon a. ID3.jority of the House to manifest their disposition and to r~ach motion for the previous question, it is in order under our rules this question would be first to vote down the resolution; but if to .lay the propos~tion on t~e ~b le; but under the operation of seven-eighths of the members should vote down this report from th1srule the prevwusquestwn IS already ordered; and this House the Committee on Rules in order to reach the disposition of the loses the right to lay the resolution on the t.tble-just as in the question of privilege, they could not rea.ch it without the assent consideration of the tariff bill, by the operation of an order of of the gentleman from Mississippi, who is now the guardian, it this very kind, we were not only prohibited from laying the seems, of the rights and privileges of the House of Representa­ matter on the table, but we were prevented from making a mo­ tives. tion to strike out the enacting clause. Now, I can see no reason Mr. CATCHINGS. Of every body except the gentleman from for the House tying itself up so as to prevent the House from Maine. I am not his guardian. IJ?-aking the ordinary motions in the consideration of a proposi­ Mr. BOUTELLE. I am very glad to relieve the gentleman tiOn. from that. [Here the hammer fell.] Mr. CATCHINGS. I would like to turn him over to a lunatic Mr. BURROWS. Just one word more. asylum if I had charge of him. Mr. REED. I yield to the gentleman a few moments mare. Mr. BOUTELLE. I have no doubt the gentleman from Mis­ Mr. BURROWS. Then another thing. We all understand sissippi has felt a great many times in his lile, at a remote period that under the operation of a rule like this, four amendments from this, that he would like to turn me and a good many other only may be offered-an amendment, an amendment to that pEople who were doing as I was doing over to a lunatic a.sylum amendment, a substitute, and an amendment to that substitute; or a military prison, or some such institution a.s that. and these four may be kept pending until the hour of 4 o'clock Mr. CATCHINGS. I never heard of bjm till I came to Wash­ next Monday; so that the House is denied its proper freedom in ington. If I bad, no doubt I would have desired to dispose of voting upon amendments. him in some such way. I therefore insist that the Committee on Rules, in fixing an Mr. BOUTELLE. If the House by a seven-eigb tbs vote should order of business, ought simply to fix the time for the consider­ vo te down this resolution, and if the Committee on Rules (prac­ ation of a given measure (which power I consider necesaary tically three gentleruen) should at once prasent another rule under the rules, leaving the House then p&rfectly free to act on proposing some other proposition, they might under the ruling the matter and provide for its consideration from day to day. If of the Speaker compel this House to face such proposition and a disposition to filibuster should be manifested at any time act upon it, and they could repeat that operation ad infiniturn (which certainly would not be the case on this matter) the Com­ until the end of the session or of the Congress. Now, if that mittee on Rules could at any moment report an order arresting does not constitute an abstraction of the rights and privileges such a proceeding. of this House from the House-an arbitrary and absolute vesting Now, I appeal to the House, and I submit these considerations of them in the control of three men-I do not know what could . at this time in order that the House may have notice that the accomplish it. Committee on Rules is going a good ways and the House is going I say, Mr. Speaker, it is a monstrous proposition that this a good ways in thus tying itself up in advance by ordering the House can be held here week after week and month after month, previous question upon a proposition before it has been consid­ absolutely paralyzed and powerless to exercise its highest func­ ered, in spite of the fact that the House possesses full power at tions because a rule has bee'1 adopted to enable a Democratic any moment to stop debate and amendment by ordering the pre­ m tiority to sneak away frm•1 the responsibility of adopting~ de­ vious question upon a majority vote. cent and sensible code of rules. [Applause on the Repubhcan Mr. REED. Mr. Speaker, Idonotwish toinfiicton theHouse side.] · anything in addition to what I have already said; I only want ~ 1r. REED. I yield five minutes to the gentleman from Mich­ to repeat a little. igan (.Mr. BURROWS]. This matter could have been disposed of so simply that I won­ Mr. BURROWS. Mr. Speaker, the Committee on Rules has der very much it was not so disposed of. The motion of my col­ fallen into the habit in drafting and presenting these special league [1\'I:r. BOUTELLE] that this 'question be taken up could orders. of going, I think, to an extreme. It is entirely proper have been disposed of under proper parliamentary law by rais­ that the Committee on Rules should be clothed with power to ing the question of consideration at once. Instead of that we present to the House an order of business for its consideration have by slow degrees adopted the very absurd idea that this Were it not for such a power the very resolution now involved House can, without definite and absolute language on that point, in this report as it stands-No.14on the House Calendar-could deprive itself of its rights with regard to questions·of privilege; not under the operation of our rules be reached probably for that is, deprive itself of the right to supervise its own existence. m 1nths. So that I repeat, it is entirely proper that the Com­ Now, that is an utter absurdity; for the doctrine laid down by the mittee on Rules or some other committee should be clothed with Chair in this opinion and others which have been presented, left power to present to the House an order of business. But the us during the last four weeks absolutely powerless on questions Committee on Rules has fallen into the habit of going beyond of privilege. And if this doctrine had been logically followed that: and when these rules are pre3ented, the House (thought­ out the jesting remark that I made, that it was perfectly safe lessly, I think) birids itself hand and foot. for m'e to approach and overwhelm any Democrat whom I found Now, when the Committee on Rules present an order for the small enough physically to overcome, and that the House could consideration of the measure involved in this report, it seems t{) not touch me during that period, would have been literally true. me they should stop with such an order and allow the House to But I am quite sure that the same lack of logic which bas fol­ take up the matter in pursuance of that order and consider it lowed all decisions of this kind might have got us out; because under the rules of the House. But this order does not permit l notice, as parliamentary law is explained and acted on in this the House to do that; itcompels the House, before one solitary House, a great deal of that faculty which women are said to pos· word has been delivered upon the Hawaiian matter, to order the sess, of getting at a subject without any regard to. logic what­ previous question on that resolution at 4 o'clock next Monday. ever. Of course it is a good thing to get at it without logic, if Now, the Hou~ e may not be prepared for the previous question you do not have the logic. But when we consider how perfectly at that time, or it may be prepared for the previous question to­ simple all this matter is, how perfectly easy it would be for the morrow. Andican notfor the life of me see why the power to House to get at it logically upon principles which could be de­ order the previous question should not be left with the House, fended, it is absolutely amazing to me to see the House "take to for the House has ample power at any time, by a majority vote, the woods" the way it does on everv occasion. [Laughter.] to Ot'der the previous question, which stops all debate and all Mr. CATCHINGS. It is to be expected, Mr. Speaker, that amendment. anything proposed on the Democratic side of this Chamber will Now, it hampers the House in its consideration of any matter be criticised and condemned by our friends on the other side; to order the previous question before the House considers the but it might occur to an outsider that perhaps their chief cause matter at all. I s J..y, therefore, this order ought to be modified. of complaint against our methods of procedure is that they are And so far as I am concerned I shall never consent again to an so prompt, so decisive, and so effective. Now, if the rules under order from tb<~ Committee on Rules ordering the previous ques­ which the business of the House is transacted are so bad and de­ tion at n. fixed time, so long as the House ha.s it within its power serve the severe censure which is so constantly heaped upon to Ol' d9r the· previo _ls que:;tion by a majority vote at any time. them, I would like for some gentleman to state why· it is that T he·1 t he1·a is an 1ther thing to be considered; this order de­ t his House has gone on and made a record for promptitude and pr i v ·s the House of the opportunity to vote upon certain ques- efficiency which I believe is without parallel. 1894. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. .1811

Mr. REED. I tell the gentleman that it is the same reoord or out of order. If he is in order he has aright to proceed with­ th':l.t is being made in the South in regard to the negro; it is out a vote. If he is out of order, the House can give him the lynching. [Derisive cries on the Democratic side.] That is right to proceed in order. · swift and economical as to time. Mr. McMILLIN. Mr. Speaker, the language of the rule is- Mt·. CATCHINGS. Mr. Speaker, the gentleman from Maine It any member, in speaking or otherwise, transgress the rules of the House, belittles his own greatness when he injects such an observation the Speaker shall, or any member may, call him to order; in which case he shall immediately sit down. unless permitted on motion of another member into this deba.te. He is too big a man, too great a man, to de­ to explain, and the House shall, tl appealed to, decide upon the use without. scend to the plane which some of his colleagues like to crawl debate; i! tho decision is in favor of the member called to order he shall be upon. at liberty to proceed, but not otherwise. Mr. Speaker, I wish to say to the House that this order pro­ posed by the Committee on Rules has been presented after sub­ Mr. BRECKINRIDGE of Kentucky. That is, if he has trans­ mitting it to the consideration of ~entleroen of the- minority and gressed the rules of the House; but that point must first be de­ majority sides of the Foreign Affa1rsCommittee, and it has been cided by the Speaker. The member must first transgress before fr med to meet their views. I am authorized to state that it he can have his right taken away from him. The gentleman entirely meets the sanction of the members of that committee from Mississippi [Mr. DATCBINGS], in otherlwords, has the right who ha>e this matter specially in charge. Now, Mr. Speaker, to close his address, and the House can not take that right we did not submit it to the gentleman from Maine fMr. Bou­ away from him unless he has transgressed its rule. Whether TELLE ~ , because we knew in advance that nothing would receive be has transgressed the rule is therefore a condition precedent his approval that did not give him free range to perform his to any action of the House affecting the right to close his re­ fantastic and bedlamite gyrations on this floor. marks. Mr. BOUTELLE. I call the gentleman to order and ask that The SPEAKER. The Chair will call the attention of the his words be taken down, and that the gentleman take his seat. gentleman to the fact that the motion of the gentleman from Mr. CATCHINGS. I will take my seat. Mr. Speaker. Tennessee was entertained without any point of this sort having Mr. BOUTELLE. I ask that the words be taken down. been made, the House having begun to vote upon it. · Mr. OUTHWAITE. I move that the gentleman from Mis­ Mr. McMILLIN. I was of the opinion that they were concur­ sissippi [Mr. CATCHINGS] be allowed to proceed in order. rent means of disposing of the- question. I have no personal Mr. BOUTELLE. I have asked that the words be taken preference about the matter. down. Mr. BRECKINRIDGE of Kentucky. Even if the motion had The SPEAKER. The Clerk will first report the words. been entertained without objection, that could not take away the Mr. BOUTELLE. We will give the gentlemen on that side right of the member to continue his address, for his ri~ht can an opportunity to say whether they ~.pprove of that line of con­ not be taken away like an ordinary question of order. This is a versation. question which goes to the right of the member to the floor; and The SPEAKER. Thegentlemanfrom1Y1aine [Mr. BOUTELLE] before that can be taken from him there must be a decision that will be seated. Nothing is in order until the words are re­ he has transgressed the rules of the House. ported. The SPEAKER. The Chair sees the force of the objection of Mr. OUTHWAITE. The words are not unparliamentary. the gentleman from Kentucky [Mr. BRECKINRIDGE], but inas­ Mr. BOUTELLE. I do not want your judgment, and would much as the House was passing upon the motion of the gentle­ not take it in a horse case. man from Tennessee LMr. MCMILLIN], which was entertained Mr. OUTHW.AITE. You are exhibiting yourself beautiiully, without objection, the Chair will proceed to put the question. are you not? Mr. BOUTELLE. I make the point of no quorum. Saveral MEMBERS. Take down the words. The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Maine [Mr. BOUTELLE] Mr. OUTHWAITE. I would not dignify them by having makes the point of no quorum voting, and the Chair appoints as them taken down. tellers the gentleman from Tennessee [Mr. McMILLIN] and the Mr. CATCHINGS. Shall I proceed? gentleman from Maine [Mr. BOUTELLE]. The SPEAKER. The Clerk will report the words which were Mr. BOUTELLE (pending the count by tellers). Mr. Speaker demanded to be taken down. I simply desire to vindicate the right and no't to delay, and The Clerk read as follows: therefore I withdraw the point of no quorum. The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Maine withdraws his Now, Mr. Speaker, we did not submit it to the gentleman from Maine [Mr. BouTELLE] because we knew in advance that nothing would receive his ap­ point of no quorum. proval that did not give him free range to perform his fantastic and Bed The motion was agreed to. lamite gyrations on this floor. Mr. CATCHINGS. Mr. Speaker, I have no unkind feeling Mr. OUTHWAITE. I move that the gentleman from Missis­ against the gentleman from Maine. In common with many sippi [Mr. CATCHINGS] be excused- other gentlemen on this floor I have regarded him as afflicted ~r. McMILLIN. I movethatthegentlemanfromMissisaippi with a species of harmless mania for making on all occasions an [Mr. CATCHINGS] be permitted to proceed in order. exhibition of himself-- The question being taken on motion of Mr. McMILLIN, the Mr. BOUTELLE. Mr. Speaker, I call the gentleman to order, Speaker announced that the ayes seemed to have it. and ask the Speaker to rule upon the matter. I have no desire Mr. BOUTELLE. Division. to interrupt the proceedings of the House at all, but I desire to The House divided; and there were--ayes 157; noes none. have a rulin~from the Speaker upon the question whether the Mr. BOUTELLE. There is no quorum approving'thissortof gen'tleman from Mississippi can get up here and persistently thing, Mr. Speaker. make reflections upon any member of this House. The SPEAKER. The Cllair understands the gentleman from The SPEAKER. The Chair did not hear the remark of the Maine to make the point that no quorum has voted. gentleman from Mississippi. Mr. BRECKINRIDGE of Kentucky. If it is not too late, I Mr. B<;>U~ELLE: . I desire !3- ruling from the Speaker. The would like to make the point of order that until the Speaker de­ rule, which Is expllClt,and which the me·mberofthe Committee cides that the words are out of order, a motion that the member on Rules [Mr. CATCHINGS], who seeks to be its spokesman on this proceed in order ls not necessary; for if the words are parlia­ floor, ought to know, provides that members are required to avoid mentary, then the gentleman has the right, by the rules of the personalities in debate. I ask the Speaker's ruling on the gen­ House, to proceed; and therefore prior to entertaininO' this mo­ tleman's lanQ"uage. J a.sk that his language be taken down, and tion, the Speaker must rule tnat they are out of orde;. that the Speaker rule thereon. The SPEAKER. The motion of the gentleman from Tennes­ The SPEAKER. The reporter will ta~ down the words. se~ [Mr. McMILLIN], as the Chair understands it, is not in any ~he Chair did not hear the remark of the gentleman from Mis~ w1se an attempt to pass upon the character of the words that sissippi. have been used by the gentleman. . The words were taken down and read by the Clerk, as follows: Mr. BRECKINRIDGE of Kentucky. But that is not the point In common with many other gentlemen on the floor, I have regarded him I make. as afflicted with a. species of harmless mania for making on all occasions an The SPEAKER. There are two sections of the rule-- exhibition of himself. Mr. BRECKINRIDGE of Kentucky. The point which I make iB this, that if the gentleman is in orde~J. he has the right to pro­ Mr. BOUTELLE. Mr. Speaker, I now ask to have read the ceed without amotion, and therefore t.tre House might cut him first clause of Rule XIV, on decorum and debate. off and take his time away from him by raising the point of or­ The SPEAKER. The Clerk will read the clause indicated. der, and that therefore, before he can be deprived of his right The Clerk read as follows: to close his address, the Speaker must decide that the words are 1. When any member desires to speak or deliver any matter to the Hou.ae. out of order. Then the House can give him the right to pro­ he shall rise and respectfully address himself to "Mr. Speaker," and, Oll. being recognized, may address the House from any place on the floor or trom ceed in order; and not only the natural, but the necessary conse­ the .Clerk's desk, and shall confine himself to the question under deba.le, quence is that the Speaker must decide whether he is in order avoiding personality. · 1812 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. FEBRUARY 2,

The SPEAKER. The Chair hardly thinks the language com- conducive io good fellowship or good feeling to do so; I do not plained of is parliamentary. . think it conduces to the proper disposition of the publio busi- .., Mr. BOUTELLE. Mr. Speaker- ness; but I was sitting here quietly when the gentleman from Mr. OUTHWAITE. I move that the gentleman from Missis­ Maine tucned upon me, and I confess I lost my temper a little. llppi be allowed to proceed in order. Mr. BOUTELLE. Mr. Speaker, I shall have to ask the Chair Mr. PAYNE. I make a point of order against that motion to admonish the gentleman to confine himself to the subject he under clause 4 of the rule, that the only motion in order is a mo­ is supposed to be discussing; because if he is f;Wing to discuss tion that the llentleman be permitted to explain. I ask to have me I want to have something to say about 1t, and I shall insist the rule read from the Clerk's desk. upon having something- to say about it. The SPEAKER. The Clerk will read clause 4 of the rule. The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Mississippi will pro­ The Clerk read asfollows: ceed in order. 4. ll any member, in speaking or otherwise, transgress the rules o:r the Mr. BOUTELLE. Does the Chair rule that he is proceeding House, the Speaker shall, or a.ny member may, call him to order; in which in order when he is devoting his entire attention tome, and not case he shall immediately sit down, unless permi ~ ted on motion of another to the question before the House? member to explain, and the House shall, il appealed to, decide on the case without debate; tl the decision is in :favor of the member called to order, he The SPEAKER. That is for the Rouse. The gentleman shall be at liberty to proceed, but not ot.herwise; and if the case require it from Mississippi has made his explanation under the rule of the he shall be liable to censure or such punishment as the House may deem Rouse, and he is now proceeding-- proper. Mr. BOUTELLE. I ask the Chair to admonish him to pro­ The SPEAKER. The proper motion, under the rule, is that ceed in order and avoid personalities. the gentleman be permitted to explain. The SPEAKER. The question is upon the motion of the gen· Mr. OUTHWAITE. I move that the gentleman from Missis­ tleman from Ohio [Mr. OUTHWAITE], that the gentleman from sippi [Mr. CATCHINGS] ba permitted to explain. Mississippi be permitted to proceed in order. The motion was agreed to. The motion was agreed to. Mr. CATCHINGS. Mr. Speaker, I said that the gentleman Mr. CATCHINGS. Now, Mr. Speaker, I desire to add very from \faine-I can not recollect my exact language-- little, because I really think that the ruling of the Chair makes Mr. BOUTELLE. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman kindly this matter so cle:1r that little remains to be said. The com­ repeat his language? plaint made by gentlemen on the other side that the House The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Maine [Mr. BOUTELLE] by adopting an order of this sort precludes itself from the con­ will be in order. sideration of a question of privilege which might be emergent, Mr. BOUTELLE. I understood the gentlem!ln from Missis­ is rather more apparent than real. It rests upon.the assump­ sippi to be again indulging in personalities. tion that the Committee on Rules would not take action in the The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Maine will be in order. case of a question of privilege which appealed for immediate ac­ The gentleman from Mississippi [Mr. CATCHINGS] was a-ecorded tion on the part of the House. As a matter of course, it is to be by the House the privilege of making an explanation, and he assumed that the Committee on Rules, like every other commit­ can not be interrupted. tee of this House, will do its duty underallcircumstances. The Mr. BLAIR. I submit, however, Mr. Speaker, that in his Committbe on Rules simply suggests this order to the House. explanation the gentleman can not violate the rule. If the order is comformable to the wishes of the House it will be Mr. OUTHWAITE. The gentleman from Mississippihasnot adopted, and we shall proceed to consider this business as pro­ violated the rule; he has said only a few words, so far. vided by the order. If it is not, the majority will vote it down Mr. CA.TCHINGS. Mr. Speaker, I believe I may say truly and we shall take up something else. that during my service of nearly ten years in this House I But, Mr. Speaker, 1 do not really \lnderstand why the gentle­ have never uttered a word which has given cause of complaint man from Maine [Mr. BOUTELLE] should object so much to this to any member with whom I have served, unless I have uttered order, because if he will give his attention to it he will find that words to-day which furnish a basis for complaint. I entered while there is a limitation placed by the order upon the consid­ into the consideration of the proposition involved in this order eration of the resolution reported from the Committee on For­ this morning in a mood a little more amiable than usual, be­ eign Affairs, there is no limitation upon the consideration of cause we had succeeded on yesterday in passing our bill for the the question of privilege about which he has manifested so much reformation of the tariff in such magnificent shape that I felt anxiety. unusually good. [Laughter and applause on the Democratic Mr. Speaker, there is one fundament3l error which seems to side.] have run through the whole of the argument of the gentleman But, Mr. Speaker, while I was listening to the dissertation of from Maine, and that is the assumption that the right to call up the gentlem::Ln from Maine [Mr. BOUTELLE] on a subject about a question of privilege is accompanied by an obligation on the which he seemed to me to know nothing, namely, a point of part of the House to immediately consider and dispose of it. order, in a moment, without the slightest provocation on my part, Calling up the question is one thing, but the House may always he turned upon me and charged me with assuming the guardian­ take such action upon it as it chooses, may postpone its consid­ ship of this House, and then undertook to expre·ss an opinion as eration, or may refuse to consider it at all. The proposition in w wha.t my feelings were thirty years ago at the time when he the pending order about to be submitted provides one method was a warrior riding with free lance throughout the length and by which the House may take action upon the very question of breadth of this country. Well, I did feel a little provoked. privilege which the gentleman from Maine calls up, and fixes a But I ought to have known, Mr. Speaker, that this was simply time when it shaH be considered and definitely disposed of; and another one of these exhibitions, and I ought to have known and it seems to me that there is nothing in the order that should I do know that it was juat as harmless as hi!:! exhibitions usually evoke the hostility or the harsh criticism of the gentleman. are. The great mistake that the gentleman from Maine made The SPEAKER. The gentleman has used seven minutes, and during the four years' struggle in which I was engaged, and in has eight minutes remaining. which I assume that he was engaged, was that his service was Mr. CATCHINGS. I yield five minutes to the gentleman from confined to the oce:l.n. Just imagine, Mr. Speaker, what would Ohio (Mr. 0UTHWAITE1. h ave taken place if President Lincoln had known of his superb Mr. BURROWS. Before the gentleman takes his seat I prowe3s and had turned him loose on land. [Laughter on the would like to inquire why it is that while upon the first resolu­ Democratic side.] tion you provide for its final disposition at 4 o'clock on Monday, Why, sir, we would not have had. a pension list calling for a on the other resolution, which comes up immediately after, you hundred and flix ty-five million dollars annually; we would not leave it open to filibustering or any action which may prevent have had all this interchange of pleasantries about that dread­ its consideration at all? ful period. But, Mr. Speaker, I was not acquainted with the Mr. CATCHINGS. My friend can answer that out of his own gentleman then, and as I had occasion to remark a little while time. ago, I naver heard of him until I came to Congress; but if he cut Mr. OUTHWAITE. I will answer that question now. The the s:t.me figure in time of war that he does in time of peace I do first proposition is a resolution reported favorably to the House not think he wo uld have infl icted much terror on me, and I doubt by a committee to which the subject-matter was submitted under if he did upon anybody. I have found, Mr. Speaker, that those the rules of this House. The second proposition is a proposi­ men who boast most of their prowess are not those who are gen­ tion reported adverselll:: to this House by a committee having erally fo und in the forefront wh e~· e the struggle is thickest. jurisdiction of that matter, which was referred to it. If through Now, Mr. Speaker, I propose to pass from all this, and I really any action of the House it should fail to receive consideration, regret th:l t it occ :J rred; but I want the House to understand by filibustering or any delay, it will simply be a confirmation of that I Wd S provoked by the gentleman from Maine . . I have the report of the committee which considered that proposition. na\·er bec,n in the habit of indulging in personalities· I have Now, Mr. Speaker, the criticism of the gentleman from Mich­ never as:3ailnd any mans motives; I have no desire to do so. I igan [Mr. BURROWS] as to the extent to which this Committee dr> not tlun ~< it is parliament.1.ry to do so; I do not think it is on Rules is going seems to be more theoretical than pracii~ 1 1894. · CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 1813 more conjectural than possible. The Committee on Rules is Chair to state whether there will be, as I understand to be the supposed t~ know something about the sentiment of the House. intention, an opportunity to offer amendments. I presume the It is its duty to make itself acquainted with the sentiment of the Chair will recogmze some member of the minority to offer House. This committee and this House are supposed to know amendments. · something about public matters which are before the House for The SPEAKER. To offer a substitute. consideration, and which are likely to come before the House Mr. HITT. To offer a substitute, and to that I presume an for consideration. amendment can be offered-the usual series of amendments. No action upon the part of this committee was necessary to The SPEAKER. The usual amendments will be in order, of advise every member of this House as to the tendency of the course. The Chair will recognize the gentleman from illinois Hawaiian question, as a question which should be disposed of at [Mr. HITT], representing the minority of the committee, to sub- some proper time; o.nd in the delay which resulted-by virtue of mit their proposition. - the order submitted by the committee and made by the House Mr. HITT. One of my colleagues, the gentleman who made by members who voted in favor of it, they had in view dis­ the report from the committee, is not present; and I wanted to tinctly this idea: that you might call the proposition submitted be sure that his right is reserved. He is sick-confined to his by the gentleman from Maine [Mr. BOU'rELLE] a question of house. privilege, but it was of trifling importance to the people of this The SPEAKER. That is certainly the-effect of the rule. country compared with the other question as to the system of Mr. DINGLEY. I wish to inquire whether under. this order taxation that should be considered. Therefore, the Committee there may be offered and considered pending an amendment to on Rules responded to the sentiment of the House when they the original text of the resolution, not to the substitute. submitted to them for their adoption or rejection a rule to con­ The SPEAKER. The resolution will be amendable like any sider the tariff bill and to dispose of it. The gentleman from other resolution. Of course what amendments may be offered Michigan objects to this House transacting business-- will depend upon who gets recognition for that purpose. · • Mr. BURROWS. Oh, my dear sir, I made no such objection Mr. DINGLEY. I desire then to give notice that I shall offer as that. an amendment to the text of the second resolution as reported. Mr. OUTHWAITE. Oh, no; you did not make that open and The SPEAKER. Of course the Chair could not go farther in direct objection to it; but ifyourobjectionswerecarried to their the way of announcing whom he will recognize than to say that legitimate conclusion they would virtually result in the House he will recognize a representative of the minority of the com­ not tra-nsacting business. mittee to offer a substitute. That, of course, the Chair would Mr. BURROWS. The gentleman will not do me injustice, I do. The gentlem:m from Illinois [Mr. HITT] will be recognized am sure. I said that if we left the order simply for considera­ immediately after the gentleman from Kentucky. . tion it would give the House the privilege of considering it, and The question being taken upon agreeing to the report of the if there was a disposition to filibuster that the committee coulJ Committee on Rules, it was agreed to. stop it by bringing in an order. l\1r. SPRINGER. I do not ·see the gentleman from Missis­ - Mr. OUTHWAITE. I was taking the general tendency of the sippi [Mr CATCHINGS] here at this moment. In his absence I gentleman's remarks. - move to reconsider the vote on adopting this report and to lay . Mr. BURROWS. The general tendency of my remarks was that motion on the table. not in that direction. The latter motion was agreed to. • Mr. OUTHWAITE. But I will answer that point, too. The Committee on Rules, when considering a question of this kind, RESOLUTION OF THANKS TO HON. J. D. RICHARDSON. considers its magnitude, and about how long it should occupy M:r. MORSE. Mr. Speaker-- the attention of the House and the importance of the business The SPEAKER. For what purpose does the gentleman rise? that comes before this House. Those questions are underst{)Od ·Mr. MORSE. I rise for the purpose of offering a resolution, by the committee, when they come to determine just how long which I think will be unanimously agreed to. the House is willing to devote to the consideration of a question Mr. Speaker, however bitte1.J.y we may have opposed the Wil- · and how long the House is probably likely to devote to it. Let son bill on this side, I believe we all agree that the gentleman me say in regard to this very order, that the Committee on Rules, from Tennessee [Mr. RICHARDSON] presided with impartiality in addition to consulting the judgment of the House in a general and ability during the long and exciting debate of three weeks, way, not consulting individuals, in attempting to get at the de­ and I move the adoption of this resolution which I send to the sire of the House, consulted both sides of the Committee on For­ desk. eign Affairs, who have this matter in charge . . If they had asked The SPEAKER. Without objection, the Clerk will read the for further time it would have been fairly -considered by the resolution. committee. The Clerk read as follows: If they had asked for less time, or indicated that less time Resolved, That the thanks of the House of Representatives be extended to would be sufficient, it would have been considered on the part Hon. JAMES D. RICHARDSON, member of Congress !rom the Filth Tennessee district, for the able and impartial manner in which he presided over the of the committee. And the committee have simply presented deliberations of the House of Representatives while in the Committee ot the the matter which gentlemen on the other side insist to be of the Whole during the long, exciting, and important debate upon the Wilson greatest magnitude, one which they say threatens to overturn tariff bill. · the privileges of this House, and submit it to the considet·ation The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the consideration of of the Hpuse-- the resolution which the gentleman from Massachusetts has Mr. BURROWS. _· May I ask the gentleman a question? sent to the desk? The Chair hears none. Mr. OUTHWAITE. Not at this time. A few words as to the The question being taken upon agreeing to the resolution, it argument of the gentleman from Maine [Mr. BOUTELLE] when was adopted unanimously. [Applause on both sides of the be presented his point of order. Those who were listening to House.] the citations he read could see clearly that although the ques­ tion of privilege might be of great magnitude, yet it was within LEAVE OF ABSENCE. the power of the House to say when they would consider it, or By unanimous consent, leave of absence was granted as follows: whether they would consider it at all. Upon the question-Of To Mr. GILLET of New York, for one week, on account of consideration they could decide that it was not worthy of their sickness in his family. attention, no difference how much it might be magnified by the To Mr. BARNES, for ten days on, account of important business. language of the gentleman, whether it was in his whereas or preamble; and if they could postpone consideration of it, if they CORRECTION. could dispose of it in that way, the House virtually, if not di­ Mr. BLAIR. I rise to correct the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. rectly, and perhaps notlogically, yet effectively postponed it un­ Yesterday I introduced an important remonstrance from some til after the consideration of the tariff bill. The Committee on three hundred employes of one of the largest boot and shoe man­ Rules now submit to the House whether they will not take up ufactories in the country against the passage of the Wilson tariff first a report from a committee' which is favorable, and pass bill. That remonstrance does not appear in the RECORD this upon that, and accomplish something, and then leave a fair op­ morning. I ask that the Clerk see to its insertion. Probably if portunity for the consideration of a matter which is reported it had been received in season it might have prevent-ed the pas- adversely. ' sage of theoill. [Laughter.] Mr. HITT. Mr. Speaker, before the vote is taken-­ The SPEAKER. Debate is exhausted. HAWAII. Mr. HITT. I rise to a parliamentary inquiry. During the foregoing proceedings a message from the Presi­ The SPEAKER. The gentleman will state it. dent of the United States was delivered to the House by Mr. _Mr. HITT. This proposed rule states that at 4 o'clock on PRUDEN, one of his secretaries, Monday the yote shall be taken on the resolution reported by The SPE.AKER. The Chair lays before the·House a message the committee and all pending amendments. Now, I ask the from the President of the United States. 1814 CONGRESSIONAL· RECORD-HOUSE. FEBRUARY 2,

The Clerk read as follows~ tions reported by the gentleman from Kentucky and those who To the Congress: are against them~ I hereby transmit a communication from the Secretary of State, accom­ The SPEAKER. Of course. _ panying a dispatch received a few days agof.tom our minister at Hawaii. Mr. BOUTELLE. The time will be distributed by the Chair? GROVER CLEVELAND. The SPEAKER. It will be, unless some other arrangement EXECUTIVE MANSION, February 2, 1894. is made. Mr. BOUTELLE. I ask for the reading of the correspond­ Mr. BOUTELLE. That is·all I wanted to know. ence accompanying this message. Mr. DINGLEY. If the time is to be equally divided, we Mr.· McCREARY of Kentucky. I ask that it be read. make no objection to the extension of time to the gentleman The SPEAKER. The Clerk will read the whole communica­ from Kentucky. tion. The SPEAKER. The gentleman from illinois [Mr. SPRINGER] The Clerk read as follows: asks that the time of the gentleman from Kentucky [Mr. Mo­ To the President: QREARY] be extended until he shall conclude his remarks. 1 send herewith with a view to their transmission to Congress, if in the Mr. BITT. Let me ask whether the gentleman from Kentucky opinion of the President such action is not inconsistent with the public in- . terest, two copies or dispatch No. 27t, under date of January 12, from Mr. will not be recognized to control all the time ori that side of the Willis, our minister at Honolulu, it being the only communication received House? - · from him since January 22, bearing on the relations between the United The S~EAKER. He is entitled to only one hour, under the States and Hawaii. · Three other dispatch.es, Nos. 25, 26, and 27, enclosing requisitions fol'"sta­ rules. tionery, duplicate account of transit salary, and other papers having no rel­ Mr. McCREARY of Kentucky. I will say to the gentleman evancy to the matters which the President submitted to Congress in his from illinois that there has been no arrangement as to how the special message of December 18, came by the same mail. time should be controlled. • Respectfully submitted, · • W. Q. GRESHAM. The SPEAKER. Is there -objection to the request of the DEPAR~ OF STATE, gentleman from illinois [Mr. SPRINGER]? • Washington, February 2, 189~. Mr. DINGLEY. I have no. objection: with the distinct unde~ [Confidentia.l.l standing that one-half the time between now and 4 o'clock on No. 27f.J LEGATION OF THE UNITED STATES, Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands, January 12,1894. Monday be occupied by those who are opposed to the resolutions Sm:· On yesterday at 6:30 p. m. I received the Hon. S . .B. Dole's answer to of the majority of the committee. . my letter of January 1, req~estin,ghim "at hisearlies~convenien.ce ''to give Mr. HITT. There is no objection on this side to granting the me the speciftcations contamed m a prior letter. H1s answer lS about 50 extension of time, but it should be clearly understood that the pages of closely-written omcial paper, and has been delivered to me too late to eithe.r copy or reply to, in time for the steamer leaving at 2 p.m. to-day. time is to be equally· divided. There is one extract, however, to which I think your attention sho~d be The SPEAKER, The Chair will see to that. Without ob­ called wherein it is state

and in which he sought to condemn the President and the civil the accompanying correspondence, presents a clear and satis­ and military forces-of the United States for that which had not factory exposition of the situation. His offer of friendly media· I been done. When his resolution was considered by the Com­ tion in the interest of peace and justice having failed because mittee on Foreign Affairs, together with the resolution offered of the refractoriness- of both the dethroned Queen and the Pro­ by the gentleman from illinois [Mr. HITT], the Committee on visional Government, he has submitted the whole subject to

Foreign Affairs1 after careful considerp,tion, recommended that Congress. . the resolution. of the gentleman from Maine [Mr. BOUTELLE] Whatever duplicity, selfishness, or partisanship may have . and the resolution of the gentleman from Illinois [Mr. BITT] be been shown in other quarters during the Hawaiian excitement, laid upon the table and another resolution be reported as a sub­ it is clear that, in the light of the :real, facts and official corre­ stitute, which resolution is in the main incorporated in the res­ spondence, the President stands conspicuous as a courageous olutions now under consideration. and patriotic Chief Magistrate, actuated by the highest sense The Republicans of this House have changed front three times of honor and fairness, anci prompted by an earnest desire to do on the Hawaiian question. To-day we have a. new set of. reso­ justice to the people of a feeble but friendly neighboring coun­ lutions just. offered by the gentleman from Illinois [Mr. Hl.TT]. try, as well as to the people of our own great country. I have just heard them read, and I deny that the position he The. honorable and proper course now for the popular branch takes is sustained by the facts. of Congress to take is that which will remove a vexatioill! ques· The President of the United States has not demanded that tion f.rom public consideration in our country and help to restore the President and officers of the Hawaiian Government promptly order, peace, and contentment in the Hawaiian Islands. We relinquish all authority. He has not directed that a mon­ should adopt the pending resolutions, which condemn the ex­ archy be established in Hawaii, as alleged in the resolutions of minister who precipitated the trouble, and we should declare, the gentleman from lllinois [Mr. HIT'!']. In my opinion these as set forth iii the resolutions, that we are opposed to annexa· various resolutions that have been offered are mere subterfuges tion, opposed to a. protectorate, opposed to foreign intervention, introduced to cover up the greater questions that will come be­ and in favor oi allowing absolute freedom and independence to fore the House in the consideration of this subject. the people of Hawaii in pursuing their own line of policy and To-day we find two sets of gentlemen on. the other side of this managing their own domestic affairs. House. One set has an inordinate desire for the extension of In. taking this position we are co:1fronted at the outstart with territory, another is blinded by passion and prejudice and ready th"B declaration of the minority of the Committee on Foreign to take advantage of anything in order to make capital for the Affairs, and of other membe:rs of the Republican party, that the Republican partv. conduct of Mr. Stevens, while United States minister to the I am glad that as-we enteron this debate we have the Hawaiian Hawaiian Islands, w~ justifiable and necessary, patriotic and question before us in all its. phases. Congress is now fully ad­ praiseworthy. No man ha.9 ever been able to prove this asser­ . vised of all the facts connected with the· course pursued. by the tion, and I unhesitatingly state that I do not believe that these · Administration on this important subject. The correspondence laudatory statements about Mr. Stevens can be maintained. transmitted by the President to Congress includes all dispatches It has been the settled policy of the United States, from the . received at the State Department' during the present Adminis­ time oi Washington to the present, to concede to the people of tration and previous Administration,. except ex-Minister Ste· foreign na.tions the same freedom and independence in the man­ vena's No. 70 dispatch of October 8, 1893~ . agement of their d·omestic affairs that we have claimed for our­ And may I not say here that gentlemen on. the other side have selves_ Mr. Jefferson announced, at the beginning of the pres· not been very earnest about calling for dispatch No. 70, written ent century, the true American policy when he said," Peace, by Mr. Stevens. All the correspondence of Mr. Blount, all the commerce, honest friendship with all nations, enta.ngling alli­ correspondence of Mr. Willis, has been. laid before this House, ances with none," and the American creed to which we have but dispatch No. 70, written by Mr. Stevens, the former United always adhered declares that "governments are instituted States minister to the. Hawaiian Islands, tb9 ministe~ who was among men, deriving their just. powers from the consent. of the there illegally .aiding this revolution when it occurred,. has not governed.'1 been laid before this House, because the £resident deemed it In the light of these declarations let us examine Hawaiian ~ incompatl."ble with the public interests. affairs. It appears from the Executive communications sent to Mr~ REED. That statement-is unjust. the House of Representatives that the United States minister in :Mr. McCREARY of Kentucky. Thatisall I can say about it. employing the United States naval forces at Honolulu illegally Mr. IDTT. After the gentleman's remark that this side.- of aided in overthrowing the constitutional Government of the the House had shown a faint zeal in calling for that dispatch, I Hawaiian Islands in January, 1893., and in setting up in its place will state that I introduced a resolution which the Committee a provisional government, not republican in form, and in oppo­ on- Foreign. Affairs, the gentleman included, assented. "to, that sition to the will of the majority of the people of Hawaii. The called for that among other dispatches, and the President has President, in his message sent to CongreEs on the 18th. of De­ not sent it to Congress.. [Applause on the Republican side.} cember, 1893, says: Mr. McCREARY of Kentucky. Mr. Speaker, when the gen- Tile lawful Government or Hawaii was overthrown without the drawing . tleman from lllinois [Mr. BITT] introduced _that resolution. the o! a sword or the firing a! a shot by a. process every step o! which, it may Committee on. Foreign Affairs immediately considered it and saf{:}ly be asserted, is directly traceable to and dependent for its success npon the agency of the United States ~tingthroughits diplomatic and naval rep­ reported. the resolution favorably to this House, but it has never resentatives. been acted upon; but whenever you call it up, sir, we will act But !o1.'the notorioUS" predilecttons or the United' States minister for an· nexation, the committee of safety:, which should be called the committee of , upon it, in order that you ma;y see dispatch No. 70. [Applause annexation, w.ould never have existed. · on the Democratic side~] 1 But for the landing o! the United States forces upon_ false pretexts re­ Mr. IDTT. Is that fair? . specting the danger to life and property, the committee would never have exposed themselves to the pains and penalties of treason by undertaking Mr. REED. Will the gentleman permit:- - the subversion o! th& Queen's Government. Mr. McCREARY ~ of Kentucky. Since I have heard the reso· But. for the presence at the United States !orcesJn the immediate viciliity lution offered as a substitute by the gentleman fromlllinois[l'!1r. and in position to afford all needed protection and support, the committee would not have proclaimed the Provisional Government from the steps of HITT] for the resolution proposed by the Committee on Foreign the Government building. Affairs, I am surprised thzs.t of all the Republicans in this House there was not found.one who desired and who waswilling to sus- I believe the- facts" fully justify the President in: his deciarar 1 tain the last Administration on the subject of the annexation of tions. Indeed, the evidence of a large majority of the disinter­ l the Hawaiian Islands to the United States. ested persons who have testified about Hawaiian affairs sustain The last Administration ~ sent to the Senate an annexation the declarations which I have read, and show a combination of treaty, and the gentlemen who offer a substitute to-day for the events at. Honolulu in January, 1893, in which American repre­ resolution reported from the Committee on Foreign Affairs sentatives participated, that are- without a parallel in the his­ I could have shown whether they were in favor ot annexation by tory of our country, and will constitute a disagreeable chapter 1 referring to it~ but they have practically disavowed the position in the-diplomatic annals of our State Department. ! taken by President Harrison less than one yen.!"" ago. The hasty overthrow of the constitutional government of a Mr. BLAIR. I wish to say to the gentleman that I have here friendly neighboring power; the landing of soldiers from the , a resolution which I propose to move as an amendment, and in United S.tates man·of-war, when peace reigned supreme and i connection with what he ha.s iust said I would lilre to. have it American life and ~roperty were not in danger, and stationing read. them with I""ifles and Gatling- guns where they had control of the Mr. McCREARY of Kentucky~ I can not yield for-a. resolu- government building- and the capitol of the Hawaiian Islands; 1 tion. I would yield for a question, hut I will ot yield nfor a the tender to the United States by commissioners of the so-called I resolution. ProviSional Government of the ownership- of a. country which ' 'I'he responsibility for the just and proper disposition of Ha- they-did not possess and which they had no right to claim, either waiian affairs, so far aB. our country has an interest in them, by popular revolution or-the suffrages of the people; the utter l l'eSts now with Congress. President Cleve1and's messages, with disregard. oi the protests of those who constituted the constitu- 1816 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE: .. tional government which had been overthrown by the illegal Mr. McCREARY of Kentucky. She announced her intention aid of Americans; and, finally, the treaty of annexation, which to proclaim a constitution, but in deference to her minister she was quickly negotiated and concluded at Washington and sent, did not do it. with the approval of the President of the United States to the About fifty friends of annexation, mostly foreigners, used this Senate for ratific:1tion, all of which occurred within thirty-two relinquished purpose of the Queen as a pretext, and met in a days from the overthrow of the Hawaiian Government, fifteen private office on Saturday and appointed a committee of safety, ' days of which were spent by the Hawaiian commissioners in their consisting of thirteen persons, seven of whom were aliens-four journey to Washington, constitute a cilapter in modern history being Americans) two Englishm.en, and one German. And un-: which is without a parallel. der the management of this committee of safety, a masR meet­ Mr. Speaker, the Hawaiian Islands are in the North Pacific ing of citizens was held on Monday, the 16th-of January, which Ocean, more than 2,000 miles from our country. They were simply protested against the Queens illegal purpose and de­ discovered by Capt. Cook in 1778, and at that time the inhabi­ nounced her ·effort to proclaim a new constitution, without say­ tants of each were under separate governments of independent ing anything with regard to the establisliment of a provisional native chiefs. In 1790 Kamehameha, the Napoleon of that government and the overthrow of the existing Government. period, conquered all of the islands and united them under one At the same time this meeting was bemg held another meet­ and assumed the-title of king. He died in 1824, and was suc­ ing was in session, which was largely attended, and which ceeded by his son, Kamehameha tho second, and the crown af­ passed resolutions expressing gratification as to the Queen's con­ terwards descended in regular line of inheritance to Kalakaua, duct in abandoning her purpose to proclaim a new constitution and then to the lata Queen, who became the sovereign in 1891 and declaring she would seek a new constitution only according at the death of her brother: King Kalakaua. · to the methods prescribed in the existing instrument. Imme­ These islands have an area of about 6,000 square miles, and ac­ diately after the public meeting held under the auspices of the cm·cling to the census of 1890, the whole population numbered committee of safety on Monday evening had adjourned, that 89,990, being about one::third of the population required for one committee held a meeting and resolved that "a provisional of our Congressional districts, and Chinese, Japanese, Portu­ government be created to exist until terms of union with the guese, Polynesians, and other foreigners are in the majority. United States had been negotiated and agreed upon," and at the There are about 1,928 Americans and about the same number same time addressed a letter to Minister Stevens, in which they of British, Germans, and French:. Consuls and missionaries said: "We are unable to protect ourselves without aid, and were fi rst sent there in 1820, and the early consuls seem to have therefore pray for the protection of the United States forces." thought more ab:mt conquest than they did about commerce; This is strange and.unprecedented language for revolutionary and the missionaries and their descendants, in the light .of what forces to use. Only a few years ago the Government of Balma­ has happened recently, have concentrated their efforts quite as ceda in Chile was assaulted by armed enemies, but the_revolu­ much to capture the country as toChristianize it. tionary forces did not dare to send such a messa.~e as this to Mr• . The Hawaiian Islands seem to have been on several occasions Egan, the American minister. Admiral Mello 1s now seeking the prey of other nations. to overthrow the Government of the Republic of Brazil, and for In 1843 a British officer seized the iE?lands, tore down the months has been wagingwar against the Brazilian Government, Hawaiian flag, and hoisted the flag of Great Britain; and, to the but he has never dared to send a letter to Mr. Thompson, the credit of Great Britain be it sa.id, this conduct was repudiated, American minister at Rio Janeiro, praying for the protection of and an English admiral was sent there, and amid the bootr.ing United States forces, although a fleet of American warships are of cannon, the music of bands, and the shouts of the· natives the at anchor near by. Hawaiian flag was hoisted again and the constitutional govern­ Mr. LOUD. Will the gentleman cite his authority for the ment was re ~ stablishe d. In 1849 certain French adventurers, quotation in regard to praying for protection o! the United attracted by the wealth and prosperity of the Hawaiian people, States forces? "came down on them' like a wolf on the fold," and after running Mr. McCREARY of Kentucky. The latter part of the letter over the islands and taking what they wanted went away . . of the citizens' committee of safety, dated Honolulu, January It seems, however! to have been reserved for American repre­ 6,1893, and addressed to his excellency, JohnL. Stevens, Amer­ sentatives to eclipse all others in their assaults upon the Gov­ ican minister resident, is as follows: ''We are unable to protect ernment of the Hawaiian people. They were weak, few in num­ ourselves without aid and therefore pray for the protection of ber, and a large majority of them poor; nevertheless they had the United States forces." _ a government of their own and an independent country, recog­ Mr. LOUD. By whom is that signed? Who makesthatcall? nized as a member of the family of nations, and, according to in­ Mr. McCREARY of Kentucky. It is signed by Henry E. ternational law, the equal of any other nation. Of all nations on Cooper:ttnd the other members of the committee of safety. earth ours should have beenforemosttohelpthem. They looked Mr. LOUD. Do you claim that that comes from the commit- · upon us as neighbors; our proximity and.the great influence of tee of safety? . American citizens in their increasing civilization and industrial Mr. McCREARY of Kentucky. I do; it is in their letter to enterprise-our early recognition of their independence as a na­ Mr. John L. Stevens, and its authenticity has never been denied. tion-the reciprocity of trade which existed for so many years Mr. Speaker, after the letter appealing for the protection of between the two countries, made the Hawaiian people regard us the United Sbtes forces was sent by the committee of safety to as friends and allies, and not as despoilers and enemies seeking .Minister Stev~ns that committee became so panic -stricken be~ to overthrow their constitutional government. cause of their action that they sent three of the committee to see Let a summary of the occurrences which led to the subversion Minister Stevens andrequestedhimnottoland the United States of the constitutional Government of Hawaii, in the interest of an­ forces until the next morning, but he told them the troops had nexation to the United States, show whether Americans acted been ordered to land and whether the committee is ready or not as friends, and whether the conduct of United States Minister they shall land this evening. Stevens was justifiable and necessary, praiseworthy and patriotic, Mr. BRECKINRIDGE of Kentucky. I would like to ask my as alleged by the gentlemen on the other side. friend whether t~e order of Mr. Stevens to the troops or marines Saturday, the 14th of January, 1893, the Queen of the Hawaiian on the Boston was given. before or after the letter which my Islands announced her intention to proclaim a new constitution, friend refers to was sent to him. as King Kamehameha did in 1864, and as King Kalakua did in Mr. McCREARY of Kentucky. The order was given after he 1887; but on the same day, in deference to the earnest objections re·ceived that letter. · of her cabinet, she abandoned her purpose and caused a printed Mr. BROOKSHIRE. I would like to ask the gentleman 8. proclamation to be issued saying she had abandoned it, and de­ question, which just precedes the last statement he has made. claring that the new constitution would be sought only accord­ The point the gentleman is making, as I understand it, is that ing to the methods in the existing constitution, and her minister if there had been a real revolution in fact, a real desire on the of foreign affairs so informed Minister Stevens, in writing, early p~rt of the people of the Hawaiian Islands to put down the Monday morning, the16thof January, before any public meeting Queen, and if there had been an uprising of the people, a uni­ had been held. versal sentiment in favor of the dethronement of the Queen, that Mr. VANVOORHIS of New York. Does the gentleman claim there would have been no occasion for inviting the United States that the Queen had a right to proclaim a constitution by her own forces to land. fiat without complying with the constitutional form-- Mr. McCREARY of Kentucky. Thatisjustthe pointimake. Mr. McCREARY of Kentucky. I do not claim that the Queen Mr. PICKLER. Was there ever such a revolution as that had such a. right. I simply said that the first king, Kameha­ anywhere, where everybody was in favor of it? meha, and all the rest of the kings had proclaimed constitutions, Mr. McCREARY of Kentucky. I will show that there w~ and had not submitted them to the people. I do not indorse no popular movement; that there was no uprising of the people such a proceeding. But that is not the question before this Con­ against the existing Government of Hawaii. I will show that gress. after awhile. Mr. VAN VOORHIS of New York. When she did that, was Mr. BROOKSHIRE. The gentleman from South Dakota (Mr. not that revolutionary? PICKLER] asks if thereeverwas such a revolutionas that. Was 1894. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD--HOUSE. 1817

not the overthrowing of the Government in Chile such a revo­ shore for a.n indefinite length of time, as the men were supplied With double cartridge belts filled with ammunition, also haversacks and canteens, and lution as that? were attended by a hospital corps with stretchers and medical supplies. Mr. McCREARY of Kentucky. No, sir. The curiosity of the people on the streets was aroused, and the youngsters, Mr. BROOKSHIRE. I do not think my point is understood. more particularly, followed the troops to see what it wa.s all about. No· body seemed to know, so when the troops found quarters the populace dis· Mr. McCBEARY of Kentucky. The point I m~ke is this: · persed, the most of them going to the band concert at the hotel, which was When there was an assault upon the Government of Balmaceda very fully attended, as it was a beautiful moonlight evening, all who were in Chile, the revolutionists did not dare to ask Minister E2'an to not in the secret still wondering at the m1lltary demonstration. land t~oops and assist in that revolution; but the revolution was finally successful in Chile, and as a result of that the new Gov­ Mr. McCREARY of Kentucky. Mr. Speaker, the next act in ernment was recognized. the annexation scheme was easily and quickly presented. The Mr. BROOKSHIRE. I agree with the gentleman. That was United States soldiers being favorably stationed, on the next a genuine revolution on the part of the people against the Gov­ day, Tuesday, the 17th oi January, the committee oi safety ernment in authority. selected ten of their number to attend to the business. They, Mr. McCREARY of Kentucky. Yes, it was. Mr. Speaker, by different routes, between 1 and 2, o'clock in the afternoon, I prefer not to be interrupted, because it disarranges the argu­ proceeded to the government building, which was unoccupied, ment which I desire to make. to proclaim the new government; and an American citizen, who Mr. Speaker, it appears that on Monday, the 16th of January, had only been in Honolulu nine months, read the proclamation 1893, between -! and 5 o'clock in the afternoon, by request of from the steps of the government building, almost without hear­ Minister Stevens, when the peace and quiet of Honolulu were un­ ers; but the United States marines, with rifles and artillery, disturbed, and no riot had occurred, nor was imminent, and the were only 76 yards away. Within an hour after the proclama­ people were attending to their usual avocations, and the lives tion was read United States Minister Stevens recognized the and property of Americans were not threatened nor in jeopardy, Provisional Government, although the barracks and the police and not an armed man was seen on the streets, the commander station were still in the possession of the Queen's forces. of the United St3tes ship Boston landed a force of armed The Queen, on being informed by one of the leaders and by soldiers, with two Gatling guns, and stationed the main body of members of her cabinet of what had been done in the presence his soldiers in a hall previously secured by Minister Stevens of United States soldiers, yielded to the superior forces, and sent across the strP-et and only 76 yards from the Government build­ her protest to the Provisional Government and appealed to the ings, and in plain view of the Queen's palace. United States Government for justice, as follows: A British war ship and a Japanese war ship were anchored I, Lilluokalani, by the grace of God and under the constitution of the Ha­ in the harbor near Honolulu, and although there were 12,000 waiian Kingdom, Queen, do hereby ·solemnly protest against any and all Japanese and 1,300 English people on the islands, these ships acts done against myself and the constitutional Government of the Ha.'JYal­ ian Kingdom by certain persons claiming to have established a Provisional did not land a soldier, and there was· no request either by Government of and for this kingdom. the British minister or the Japanese minister for soldiers to be That I yield to the superior force of the United States of America, whose landed. minister plenipotentiary, His Excellency John L. Stevens, has caused United States troops to be landed at Honolulu and declared that he would support At the time the naval force was used by Minister Stevens to the said Provisional Government. overthrow the constitutional government of a friendly power, Now, to a void any collision of armed forces and perhaps the loss oflife, I do the United St3tes Congress was in session, but no authority to under this protest, and impelled by said force, yield my authority until such time as the Government of the United States shall, upon the facts being pre­ use force was asked and none was granted. Our Republican sented to it. undo the action of its representatives and reinstate me in the friends in their criticism of President Cleveland have overlooked authority which I claim as the constitutional sovereign of the Hawaiian what was done in President Harrison's Administration. Islands. · Done at Honolulu this 17th day of January, A. D. 1893. I want to ask my friends on the other side, who were so quick LILIUUKALANI, R. some weeks ago to charge that the President of the United - SAMUEL PARKER, States had authorized force to be used, how they explain the Mini-ster of Foreign .A.jfairs. fact that Mr. Stevens, when Congress was in session, without WM. H. CORNWELL, ~.Minister of Finance. authority, caused the marines to be landed, with rifles and Gat­ JNO. ,11 ·. COLBURN, ling guns, in time of profound peace, when they were not needed Minister of the Interior. to protect American life and property. A. P. PETERSON, Mr. VAN VOORHIS of New York. Do you want an answer Attornq- Gen~ral. now? A protectorate was declared by Minister Stevens of the islands Mr. McCREARY of Kentucky. I do. in the name of the United States, and the flag of the United Mr. VAN VOORHIS of New York. He did not do it. States was hoisted over the government building, and in two Mr. McCREARY of Kentucky. Mr. Speaker, I have great days after the Provisional Government was declared, annexation respect for my friend, who is on the committee with me, but he commissioners sailed from Honolulu to Washington. will remember that a man can make that answer to anything. The protectorate was afterwards disavowed by Secretary Fos­ A mere statement that it is not so is not a statement that a wise ter by direction of President Harrison, and they in my opinion member of the legal .profession or a distinguished member of were misled as to annexation, and President Harrison would the Committee on Foreign Affairs should make. not have approved the annexation treaty if all the facts had been Mr. VAN VOORHIS of New York. I will give the gentle­ understood by him. man a further answer: The report of the naval commander If there was ever a transaction that in all its attending cir­ shows that he did not do it. cumstances was suspicious, illegal, and indicative of intrigue it Mr. McCREARY of Kentucky. The report of the naval com­ was this annexation scheme. II therewasevera just and proper mander, Capt. Wiltse, which I have before me-and no one will executive act it was the withdrawal from the Senate oi the pro­ dispute what he says who has examined the papers in this case­ nosed annexation treaty by President Cleveland for further ex­ shows that the marines were landed, and that they were star amination and consideration. tioned by order of Minister Stevens at Arion Hall, only 76 yards I sympathize with everyhonorableandpropermovementlook­ dist'lnt from the Government building. ing to the establishment oi a republic, but.the object of the Pro­ I submit also at this point the evidence of Mr. F. W. Wunder­ visional Government wa.s annexation to the United States, and burg, who was offered the position of collector-general of cus­ not the establishment of a republic, and there is no evidence that toms under the Provisional Government: a majority of the people of the Hawaiian Islands, or even are­ The committee of safety met at the office of W. 0. Smith 1n Fort street, spectable number of them, desired a change in their form of Honululu, at about 4 o'clock in the afternoon of Monday, the 16th day of Jan­ government. _ uary, 1893, for the purpose of discussing the necessary steps to be taken in It ha.s never been the practice of our Government to recognize forming a new government. Shortly after the committee met it was decided that they were not ready revolutionary governments until they were supported by the for the oJ.an

in each of the two provinces for annexation, before it was con­ Mr. McCREARY of Kentucky. Yes, sir. The letters of Mr. summated. Stevens must have been notice to the Government of the United When the constitutional government of Hawaii was overthrown States of the 'Plots in which he was engaged; and: I am amazed the citizens of Honolulu did not know what was transpiring, and that President Harrison and his Secretary of State should have the thousands of people who inhabit the other islands did not hear approved of-the annexation treaty. what had occurred. until several days afterward; and it is known Mr. BLAIR. I a'In very much obliged to the gentleman for beyond doubt that a very large majority of the people of the tb.e statement he has just made. It puts the issue where it be­ Hawaiian Islands, having the right to vote under the constitu­ longs-with the Administration. tion of 1887 , never favored and do not now favor the P rovisional Mr. McCREARY of Kentucky. I want to put it there. Government or the proposed annexation to the United State!;!, Mr. BLAIR. Then I ask the gentleman why in the world he nor to any other country. does not censure the previous Administration rather than its This extraordinary summary makes conspicuous not a revol u­ comparatively innocent agent. tion, but a conspiracy. There was no evidence of a wide-spread Mr. HEPBURN. Is not that language," The pear is now discontent or dissatisfaction with the existing government, and fully ripe," which you say was used by Mr. Stevens, the lan­ there was no popular uprising against the head of the govern­ guage that was used by Mr. Morgan in his speech in favor of ment. The people did not seem to be in the movement, and the annexation in the city of New York-- public meeting which was held oh the 16th of January was not Mr. McCREARY of Kentucky. I do not know whether it is to declare in favor of the provisional government, but to oppose or not. I know that it was used by Mr. Stevens. the promulgation of the new constitution. In its inception, Claus Spreckels, the great sugar king of Hawaii, in a most in­ progress, and consummation the entire affair seems to have been teresting manner-details a conversation which he had with Min­ a conspiracy on the part of a few foreigners against the people ister Stevens on January 17, the day that the Provisional Gov­

as well as the Government of Hawaii, and in their work they ernment was proclaimed1 in which Spreckels said: "Minister were aided and supported by the .American minister and the Stevens asked me to see Paul Neuman and have him induce the naval forces of the United States, their object being to . ~et pos­ Queen and her followers to favor annexation, and Steven! added session of the government, and to annex the islands to the that he expected to be minister only thirty or forty days longer United States. and wanted annexation before he left." The conduct of Minister Stevens showed conspicuously that Mr. SICKLES. Mr. Speaker, I beg to ask the gentleman nearly one year before the eventful period when he hoisted the whether the acts of the minister to which he has referred and :fiao- of the United States at Honolulu and proclaimed a protec­ of the naval forces were done with or without the authority of tot?ate, he was studying annexation quite as closely as he w::s the President and th.e State and Navy Departments. diplomatic duty. As far back as the 8th day of March, 1892, m Mr. McCREARY of Kentuckv. The record is all before us a letter addressed to the Secretary of State, after referring to and there is no~g whatever In that record to show that the the possibility that the existing Government of Hawaii might be Government of the United States ever authorized Mr. Stevens overturned by an orderly and peaceful revolution, he said: ''I to have the troops landed at the time t]}.ey were landed, or ever desire to know how far the present minister and naval com­ authorized him to recognize the Provisional Government. mander may deviate from established international rules and In this connection I will read the instructions that were given precedents. in the contingency indicated in the first part of this to Minister Stevens when he was sent as minister to the Hawaiian dispatch.'' · Islands: On the 19th day of ·November, 1892, about two months before It is forbidden t-o diplomatic agents abroad to participate in any manner the movement looking to the subversion of the Hawaiian Gov­ in the political questions in the country where they reside. They are di· ernment was made, and annexation to the United States at­ rected especially to refrain from expressions of opinion upon local or polit­ tempted, in a long letter to the Secretary of State he refers to ical questions arising within their jurisdiction. the loss of the owners of sugar plantations and mills in the Ha­ Mr. HITT. Will the gentleman read also in that connection waiian Islands, and the depreciation of other property caused the instructions of Mr. Bayard, to land the troops whenever it by the passage of the McKinley bill, and declared as follows: should be necessary to preserve public tranquillity? Unless some positive measure of relief be granted, the depreciation of SU· _ Mr. McCREARY of Kentucky. The gentleman from Illinois gar property here will continue to go on. Wise. bold action of the United [Mr. HITT] can read what he refers to in his own time. States will r escue the property holders from great loss. * * * One of two courses seems absolutely necessary to be followed: Either bold and vigor· Ministers of the United States have for many years encoun- - ous measures for annexation. or a "customs union" and an ocean cable tered, while discharging their duties, insurrections and revolu­ from the California coast to Honolulu or Pearl Harbor, properly ceded to tions in foreign countries, and instructions and precedents to the United States, with a.n implied but not necessarily stipulated American protectorate over the islands. · control their conduct in such emergencies are abundant. It is well settled that a diplomatic -representative should not take H~ reached his climax on the 1st day of February, 1893, when sides in a civil struggle, but should deport himself with fairness he wrote to the State Department: _ The Hawaiian pear is now fully ripe, and this is the golden hour for the and dignity and await instructions from his government. The United States to pluck it. authorities and precedents on this subject are very numerous. Mr. CULBERSON. Is that a public document that the gen­ Mr. Van Buren wrote to Mr: Moore in 1829: tleman is reading from? Your business is solely with the actual government of the country where Mr. McCREARY of Kentucky. Yes, sir. It is entitled "Pa­ you are to reside, and you should studiously endeavor by a. frank and cour· pers relating to the annexation of the Hawaiian Islands to the teous deportment to conciliate its esteem and secure its confl.dence. United States." . Mr. Buchanan wrote in 1848: Mr. CULBERSON. Can I get a copy of it? The plain duty of the diplomatic agents of the United States 1s scrupu­ Mr. McCREARY of Kentucky. Yes, sir. lously to abstain from interfering 1n the domestic polltlcs of the countries · Mr. BOATNER. Will the gentleman allow me to ask him where they reside. one question right there? . . Mr. Seward-Wl·ote to Mr. Culver in 1862: Mr. McCREARY of Kentucky. Yes, s1r. · The duty of diplomatic representatives o! the United States 1n foreign Mr. BOATNER. Is there any law of the United States which countries in times of insurrect.ion is scrupulously to avoid interference ln -makes it a criminal offense for a citizen--of the United States liv­ the struggle, and to refuse to acknowledge insurgent authorities until flrmJ.y ing in a. foreign country friendly to the United States to engage established. in any insurrection or conspiracy against the authority of the Secretary Marcy wrote to Mr. Wheeler in 1855: government in whose country he is living? ~ The duty or diplomatic representatives of the United States 1n foreign Mr. McCREARY of Kentucky. -I suppose that in the country countries in times of insurrectton is scrupulously to avoid interference 1n their struggle and to refuse to acknowledge insurgent authorities until per· where he engages in such conspiracy he could be arrested and manently established. punished. Mr. BOATNER. Is there any law of the United States by Vattel, in his-''Law of Nations," says: which he could be punished? " .As to what concerns ti!,~n~;tnce to whom he is sent, the ambassador should remember that his try is a ministry of peace, and that it is on Mr. MONEY. I do not think so. that footing only that he is received. This reason forbids his engaging in Mr. BLAIR. I wish to ask the gentleman a question right any evil machinations: let him serve his masterwithoutinjuringtheprince there. He reads these letters written by Mr. Stevens to his own who receives lhlm. It is a base treachery to take advantage of the inviola.­ bility of his ambassadorial character, for the purpose of plotting in security Government long anterior to the Hawaiian revolution-- the ruin of those who reBJ)ect that character-of laying snares for them­ Mr. McCREARY of Kentucky. One is dated the 19th day of of clandestinely injuring them-of embroiling and ruining their alb.irs. November, 1892--only two months before. What would be infamous and abominable in a. private gues~ sha.ll that be Mr. BLAIR. One was still earlier-a year before. The gen­ allowable and becoming in the representative ot a sovereign?' tleman reads these letters to show that Mr. Stevens was 'Plotting Mr. Stevens seems to have forgotten that our Constitution this revolution. I would like to ask him whether these letters provides that Congress shall have the power to declare war, of Mr. Stevens to his own Government must be accepted as notice. and that the P resident of the United States shall, by and with to the Government of the "plots'' in which he was engaged? the advice and consent of the Sena.te, make treaties, for without '

1894. CONGRESSIONAL ·RECORD-HOUSE. 1819

any action of Congress or the Senate or the President, he levied I hope I may be Dtistaken, but I fear that in a few years 'the­ war by the armed invasion of Hawaii, and he made a treaty of great seal industry, that once paid us- $150:000 per annum, will protection and proclaimed a protectorate. be almost worthless. Amazing and rem3.rkable as were theannexation proceedings The next incident in the foreign policy of the last Administra.­ at Honolulu, they were equally remarkable in Washington. Im­ tion to which I call attention is the Chilean incident. The • mediately after the arrival of the annexation commissioners at President of the United States sent a war message to Congress Washington, on the 3d day of February, they had their first in­ after Chile had offered to make all proper reparation. terview with the Secretary of State. On the 11th of February The last chapter in the foreign policy was the very incident the treaty of annexation was practically agreed upon; on the 14th to which I have been referring, the Hawaiian incident. Can it was forrmllyconcluded, and on the 15th tran&mitted, with the anybody claim here, with all the proof laid before us by the approval of the President, to the Senate for ratification. Secretary of State and the President of the United States, that Article 6 of that treaty declares: it was an act of wisdom on the part of President Harrison to The Government o! the United States agrees to pay Liliuokalani, the late send to the Congress of the United States an annexation mes­ Queen, withln one year from the date of the exchange of the ratification of sage, recommending the payment of three and one-quarter mil­ this treaty, the sum of $20.000, and annually thereafter the sum of :520,000 during the term of her natural life, provided she in good faith submits to lions of dollars out of the Treasury of the United States in order the authority of the Government o! the United States and the local govern· to annex those islands? ment of the islands; and the Government of the United States further The conspiracy organized in Hawaii can not be excused by agrees to pay to the Princess Kaiulani, within one year from the date of the exchange of the ratification or this treaty, the gross sum of $100.000, abuse of Mr. Blount nor by criticisms 'of the character of the provided she in good faith submits to the authority of the Government of late Queen. Wrong cannot long wear the mask of right, neither the United States and the local government of the islands. can a conspiracy be concealed beneath the cloak of pretended Article 5 of the treaty requires the United States to assume Christianity or morality. Mr. Blount is known here and needs three and one quarter millions of the Hawaiian public debt, in­ no indorsement by me. He was conspicuous as a member of Con­ cluding amounts due depositors in the Hawaiian Postal Savings gress for twenty years, and has been respected by all for his Bank. · honor, integrity, intellect, and reliability. He served with abil­ In the light of what has been claimed by those who established ity and distinction as chairman of the Committee on Post-Offices the Provisional Government, these articles of the treaty are and Post-Roads for many years, and as chairman of the Commit­ very remarkable. If the Queen was rightfully deposed, and the tee on Foreign Affairs during the Fifty-second Congress. His constitutional Govern men tof Hawaii was justly overthrown, and record will compare favorably with that of the ablest and most has no legal existence, and no legal claim, why was a provision distinguished of his colleagues in Congress, and his private life put in the treaty for the benefit of the Queen? Why should the is as pure and blameless as that of any man in or out of Con· United States pay her an annuity? And if the young princess gress. . has no rights and the constitutional Government of Hawaii is The constitutional right of the President to appoint Mr. Blount dead, why does the treaty provide that she shall be paid by the a special commissioner has been assailed. · taxpayers of the United States the sum of $150,000? It can be shown by a lon~ list of precedents, from the founda­ On what ground can any man justify the payment of three tion of our Government, that it has been held to be within the and one-quarter millions of dollars by the the taxpayers of the power of the President to appoint, for special or particular pur­ United States to satisfy the public debt of Hawaii, and als6 the poses, an agent, commissioner, or other representative in rela­ amounts due to depositors in the Hawaiian Postal Savings Bank? tion to foreign affairs without. the advice and consent of the The hysterics of some persons in regard to protecting a mom­ Senate. The inference from these precedents is that the-lan­ f!.l'Chy or destroying a republic are wholly unnecessary. No re­ guage of the Constitution in relation to the appointment of am· public has been organized or attempted to be organized in Ha­ bassadors, other public ministers, and consuls has been con­ waii, and therefore no effort has been made or could be made to strued to refer to the officers of the United States in the proper overthrow it. The Provisional Government only" exists until legal sense of that term, and not to such special or temporary terms of union with the United States have been negotiated agents as the President may have occasion to employ in an and agreed upon." emergency or for a special object. Those who are excited about a monarchy that has not been I call special attention to the report made by Senators JOHN set up should go back a little in memory to. the beginning of T. MORGAN, Eli Saulsbury, Joseph E. Brown, and H. B. Payne President Harrison's term. In 1888 the United States entered when the same contention was made by the majority of the into a triple alliance to put a king on the throne of the Samoan Committee on Foreign Rel~tions in respect to the treaty be­ Islands. The treaty was negotiated and concluded at Berlin tween the United States and Great Britain in 1888. It is as fol­ between Germany, Great Britain, and the United States, and the lows: United States took part control of those islands and helped to The table hereto appended, marked C, will furnish an ea...<>y reference to all put the king on the throne and paid part of the salary of the the appointments of diplomatic agents to negotiate and conclude conven­ chief justice, who is not an American, and even made a tariff tions, agreements, and treaties with foreign powers since 1792. The whole . number of persons appointed or recognized by the President, without the for the people of those islands; and a distinguished American concurrence or advice of the Senate, or the express authority or Congress, statesman who represented the United States innegotiating the as agents to conduct negotiations and conclude treaties is four hundred and thirty-eight. Three have been appointed by the Secretary or State and treaty was rewarded for his splendid services by being made thirty-two have been appointed bythePresidentwiththe advice and consent minister to Germany by President Harrison. ot the Senate. This is a part of the foreign policy of the last Administration. It will be seen that an interval of fifty-three years, between 1827 and 1880, occurred during which the President did not ask the consent or the Senate As many gentlemen and newspapera have been criticising the to any such appointment. . foreign policy of the United States during this Administration, The following important appointments and many others were made when I may be allowed, I hope, to refer to the foreign policy of the last the Senate was in session: March 2, 1793.-David Rumphries. By Washington. Commissioned plen­ Administration. i],)otentiary to treat with Algiers. Congress adjourned on that day. I have given the first incident. What was the second? The January 26, 1832.-Edmu:nd Roberts. By Jackson. Commissioner to treat second incident in the foreign policy of the last Administration with Cochin China. and Siam. Congress in session. May a, 1838.-NathanielNiles. By Va.n Buren. Specia.l agent to negotiate was the Bering Sea matter. We had a property at the Prybilof treaty with Sardinia.. Congress in session. Islands that had been yielding us per annum nearly $150,000. March 28, 184.6.-A. Dudley Mann. By Polk. Special agent t<> treat with The last Administration agreed to an arbitration. sun6.ry states of Germany. Congress in session. When Russia Alaska The constitutional power or the President to seleot the agents through owned and ha.d control of the seal inter­ whom he will conduct such business is not atrected by the tact that the Sen· -. ests of the Pribil9f Islands, and when the poachers went over ate is or is not in session at the time of such appointment, or while then& there from Canada, what did Russia do? She said, "If you in­ gotia.tion 1s being conducted; or the tact that he may prefer to withhold, even from the Senate, or from other countries, the tact that he is treating terfere with my property I will blow you out of the water," and with a particular power or on a. special subject. Russian seal industries were no longer interfered with. But The secretrservice fund that Congress vo~s to the Department of State when Canadian and other vessels interfered with our seal indus­ annually is that from which such agents are usually paid. That is the mos• try in Alaskan waters, which had been acquired by-the United important reason for such appropriations. . The following i.e a summary or Appendix C: States, what did we do? We arbitrated the question. That Persons appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate: award was against the United States on the main pot,nt, on the 17~. William Carmichael, W!lllam Shott, to treat With Spain. fifth point it was de_cided that the protection of and property in 1794. John Jay to trea with Great Britain. 1794. Thomas Pinckney, to treat with Spain. American seals shall not extend beyond the 3-mile limit. 1196. Rufus King, to treat with Great Britain. Our distinguished commissioners who represented us, Senator 1797. John Q. Adams, to tre}'t with Prussia.. MORGAN and Mr. Justice Harlan and Ron. John Foster, to their 1797. John Q. Adams, to treat with Sweden. 1797. C. c. Pinckney, John Marshall, Elbridge Gerry, to treatWithFr&nee. credit be it said, ably represented the United States, but they 1198. John Q. Adams, to treat with Sweden. did not succeed, and when a majority of. the commission decided 1799 . .Rufus King, to treat with Russia. · that we no longer had property in or right of protection of 1799. Oliver Ellsworth,- Pa.trick Henry, a.nd Willla.m Va.n Murray, to trea.tl with France. seals outside of the 3-mile limit, we were defeated on the main 1799. W. R. Davis, vice.Henry, as above. point. 1803. James Monroe and R. R. Livingston. to treat for Louisiaua. ·. 1820 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. FEBRUARY 2,

1803. Rufus King, to treat with Great Britain, northeast boundary. dent special agent to negotiate treaties with Haiti and Do­ 1806. James Armstrong and James Bowdoin, to treat with Spain. 1814. J. Q. Adams. J. A. Bayard, Henry Clay, and Jonathan Russell, to minica. treat with Great Britain. A. Dudley Mann, June 13, 1849, was appointed by the Presi­ 1814. Albert Gallatin, to treat with Great Britain. 1820. R. C. Anderson and John Sargeant, to treat with the American na- dent special and confidential agent to Hungary. We then had a tions. · minister to Vienna. Hungary was in revolt, but its independ­ 1827. Joel R. Poinsett, vice Anderson, above. ence had not been recognized by us, and we therefor.e considered 1880. James B. Angell, John T. Swift, and w. H. Prescott, to treat with it as still subject to Austria. _ China. . Total number, 32. A. Dudley Mann, June 15, 1850, was appointed special agent Persons appointed by the Secretary of State: toSwitzerland to conclude a treaty. The Senate met December 1825. Christopher Hughes, to treat with Denmark. 3, 18!9, 30, 1850. 1826. John James Appleton, to treat with Naples. and adjourned September It was therefore in 188C. George H. Bates, to treat with Tonga. session when Mann was appointed. Total number , 3. Thomas J. Page, January 31, 1853, was associated with our Appointed by the President: ministers to Brazil and the Argentine Republic to conclude a Total number, 4c38. treaty with Paraguay. Page was a lieutenant in the United I have here a list, though not a complete one, of cases in States Navy. The S3nate was then in session. He was author­ which the President has exercised a power to appoint an agent, ized to conclude the treaty with Paraguay if the ministers were commissioner, or other representative in relation to foreign af­ not present. fairs without the advice and consent of the Senate. I will not Isag,c E. Morse, December 2, 1856, was appointed a special com­ refer to all the cases in detail, but only to a few, and have the missioner to New Granada, to negotiate a treaty in conjunction others printed with my remarks. with our minister. Morse held no office and the Senate was in Gouverneur Morris, in a letter of October 13, 1789, was re· session when he was appointed, having met December 1, 1856. quested by President Washington to go from Paris to London In 1871, President Grant appointed B. F. Wade, A. D. White, as a private agent, and on the authority of that letter'~ to con­ and S. G. Howe as commissioners to go to San Domingo and verse with his Brits.nnic Majesty's ministers" about a treaty of make certain inquiries. These commissioners were appointed commerce with the United St:-:ttes. Under this commission Mor­ by the President under a resolution of Congress of January 12, ris went to London and remained therefor months in conference 1871, which did not require the appointment to be made by and with the British ministers. His nomination never was sent tQ with the advicfl and consent of the Senate. the Senate. _ A. B. Steinberger was appointed by the Secretary of State, If the President had had no power to appoint him as a personal under the direction of the President, March 29, 1873, as special representative, it would have been -practically impossible at that agent to Samoa. December 11, 1874, Steinberger was again ap­ time to hold any diplomatic intercourse with Great BritJ.in, pointed by the President as a special agent to Samoa, with a though circumstances urgently demanded that such intercourse special passport and description of his official character. should be held. R. W. Shufeldt, November 15, 1881, was appoi.nted by the In 1811 the President of the United States appointed Gen. President special envoy to conclude a treaty with Corea, which George Matthews and Col. John McKee commissioners to carry he did May 22, 1882. He was a commodore in the United Sta.tes out certain instructions relative to East Florida. Navy at the time. While the Senate in ratifying the treaty In April, 1812, Mr. Monroe, Secretary of State, in addressing passed a resolution questioning the regularity of Shufeldt's ap­ Gen. Matthews relative to the duties of the commissioners, said -pointment, no further notice was taken of that subject. they were authorized to take possession of East Florida only on William Henry Trescot, November 28, 1881, was appointed by one or two contingencies; first, if it could be d.one amicably; or the President and commissioned as a special envoy, with the second, to -prevent its possession by a foreign power. rank of minister plenipotentiary to the Republics of Chile, Peru, Gen. Matthews having exceeded his authority was relieved, and Bolivia. In his instructions of November 30, 1881, Mr. aild Governor Mitchell of Georgia appointed to succeed him as Blaine said: commissioner. In· instructing Governor Mitchell, Secretary This commission will not supersede the ordinary duties of the )Ilinisters Monroe commented upon the unauthorized action ·of Gen. Mat­ plenipotentiary and resident now accredited to those governments. But, as thews in using force to dispossess the Spanish authorities when they will be duly informed, all communications ar.d negotiations connected neither of the contingencies named had arisen, and continued: with the settlement or the pending difficulties between Chile, Peru, and Bolivia, so far as this Government may deem it judicious to take action, It is the desire o! the President that you should turn your attention to will be transferred to your charge. the restoration of that state or things in the province which existed before the late transactions. The Executive considers it proper to "restore back to John Paul Jones, in June, 1792, was appointed by the Presi­ the Spanish authorities Amelia Island, and such other parts, if any, of East Florida. as may have been taken from them. dent as a commissioner to treat with Algiers. Jones was then an admiral in the United States Navy. His nomination never An order was also given by the Secretary of War to the com­ was sent to the Senate, which adjourned in that year on May 8 mander of the United States troops "to evacuate the country" and met again November 5, 1792. when requested by the commissioners. In 1816 Mr . .Monroe sent three commissioners, Cresar A. Rod­ The Secretary further instructed the commissioner to " come ney., Theoderick Bland, and John Graham, on a man-of-war to to a full understanding with the Spanish governor," looking to the revolted Spanish colonies to investigate affairs, wi.th a view the protection of those who took part in seizing the territory to recognizing the independence oi those colonies. Though the from the resentment of the Spanish authorities. Senate was in session when they sailed, they were not nomi­ John James Appleton, May 12,1825, was ap:pointed by the Sec­ nated to it. retary of State to arrange a settlement of cla1ms ag-ainst Naples. Mr. Clay subsequently objected to inserting an item in the The Senate was not then in session. Appleton held no office. diplomatic appropriation bill for their expenses, insisting that September !2, 1829, the President associated Charles Rhind, o.r-­ if they were diplomatic agents their nomination should have Philadelphia, Pa., who held no office, and James Biddle, a com­ been sent to the Senate, but an appropriation was made under modore in the United States Navy, with David Ofiley, consul at another head. See annual message of President Monroe, 1817; Smyrna, to negotiate a treaty with Turkey. They did not con­ also Schouler s History of the United States, volume 3, page clude their negotiations until May7, 1830. They were a-ppointed 28, et seq. as commissioners, and their nominations never were submitted Wheaton, in his International Law, says: to the Senate, which met December 7, 1829, and adjourned May "In the case of a revolution, civil war, or other contest for the sovereignty 31, 1830. • * * * foreign states must of necessity judge for themselves whether they Edmund Roberts, January 26, 1832, was appointed by the Presi­ will recognize the government. de facto by sending to and receiving am­ bassadors from it; or whether they will continue their accustomed diplo· dent a commissioner to conclude treaties with Cochin China, matic relations with the prince whom they choose to regard as the legiti­ Siam, and Muscat. Roberts was a private citizen and the Sen­ mate sovereign, or suspend altogether these relations with the nation in ate was theninsession. He concluded treaties that were subse­ question." In the next paragraph he says: . quently ratified. • For the purpose of avoiding the difficulties which might arise from a for­ A. Dudley Mann, March 28, 1846, was appointed by the Presi­ mal and positive decision of these questions, diplomatic agents are frequently dent a special agent to Hanover, Oldenburg, and other German substituted, who are clothed with the powers and enjoy the immunities of ministers, though they are not invested with the representative char~ter, states to conclude treaties, which at vario•s times subsequently nor entitled to diplomatic honors." he did; he held no office. Nicholas P. Trist, April 1'1, 184'1, was appointed a commis­ Mr. Speaker, the right of the President to appoint Mr. Blount sioner to conclude a treaty with Mexico. He remained in charge is so clear and so well supported by precedents and authorities of his duties until February, 1848. His nomination never was that I shall not discuss it further. submitted to the Senate; when sent out he was chief clerk of the ·Mr. Blount shows in his report that the Hawaiian Govern­ Department of State, and was not an ambassador or other pub- ment was overthrown and the Dole oligarchy set up through the lic minister, or a consul. . aid of the United States minister and United States naval forces Benjamin E. Green, June 13, 1849, was appointed by the Presi- at Honolulu, and would not have been successful but for that aid 1894. CONGRESSIONAL .RECORD-HOUSE. 1821

Mr. Blount's report contains the following. He says: nexatlon through holding the offices and receiving the sugar Mr. Stevens consulted freely with the leaders of the revolutionary move· bounty. ment from the evening of the 14th. These disclosed to him all their plans. The trouble which led -to existing conditions in Hawaii began They feared arrest and punishment. He promised them protection. They needed the troops on shore to overawe the Queen's supporters and Govern­ nearly twenty years ago. At that time adventurous and avari­ ment. They had few arms and no trained soldiers. They did not mean to cious Americans and foreigners ascertained how rich the islands fight. were, and how well adapted the soil was to the production of It was arranged be tween them and the American minister that the procla­ mation dethroning the Queen and organizing a provisional government sugar. In 1874 the throne became vacant, and the king had to should be read from the Government building and he would follow it with be elected. The sugar-growers espoused the cause of Kalakua, a speedy recognition. and the other inhabit::Lnts espoused the cause of Queen Emma, All this was to be done with American troops provided with small arms and artillery across a narrow street within a stone's throw. Th.is was done. the wife of the dead king. The AmericanE and Europeans elected The leaders of the revolutionary movement would not have undertaken it a maiority of the Legislature, which had the right to elect the but for Mr. Stevens's promise to protect them against any danger from the king, and Kalakua was elected. He soon made a visit to the Government. But for this their mass meeting would not have been held; but for this no request to land troops would have been made. Had the United States, where he was received with favor and distinction, troops not been landed no measures for the organization of a new govern­ and before his visit ended a reciprocity treaty was negotiated ment would have been taken. between the United States and Hawaii which permitted Ha­ The American minister and the revolutionary leaders had determined on a new addition to the United States and had agreed on the part each was to waiian sugar to come to the United States free of duty, while act to the very ~nd. other importers of sugar were required to pay a tax of 2 cents per pound. The testimony of Mr. Damon, vice-president of the Provisional In sixteen years, it is said, the sugar planters of Hawaii, be- . Government of Hawaii; of Mr. Waterhouse, member of the ad­ cause of this privilege, made $61,000,000, and increased their visory council, and of Mr. Wurndenburg, who was offered the po­ wealth with a rapidity unparalleled. Then there was no talk of sition of collector of general customs of the Provisional Govern­ •annexation. When the McKinley bill was passed in 1890, making ment, and who was identHied with the revolution of the 14th of sugar free, Hawaiian sugar had to be sold in the United States January, together with the statements of Messrs. Cornwell, Col­ in open competition with the ·sugar of the world, and the Ha­ burn, Parker, and Peterson, formerly cabinet ministers, all sus­ waiian sugar planters lost the 2 cents bounty per pound which tain and support Mr. Blount, and there are many other witnesses had been given them in the treaty, and could not get the bounty who support him. - of 2 cents per pound given by the McKinley bill to sugar pro­ If any further eyidence i~ needed to suahin Mr. Blount I refer ducers in the United States. Immediately the cry went up to the statements of Mr. Charl!3s Nordhoff, 'the able and expe­ among the Hawaiian planters for annexation to the United rienced journalist, whose ability and integrity none will ques­ States in order that they might assist in draining annually mil­ tion, who spent several months in the Hawaiian Islands investi­ lions of dollars from the people of the United States under the gating the revolution of last January, and whose report to the sugar-bounty clause of the tariff bill. NewYorkHerald fully sustains the statements of Mr. Blount. l The power of the sugar ring in the Hawaiian Islands is shown submit the following extract from his report: by the last census. The total value of the sugar plantations on First. The Hawaiian Government, to which he was accredited, did not the islands is $32,000,000. .A-mericans own $24,347,690 in value; ask him to land troops. It was certainly competent to deal with any attempt British,$6,035,130: Germans, $2,008,600; andHa.waiians, $266,250. at d.isorder or insurrection, having troops, arms, and a battery of Gatlings, as well as a police force, all under command of an officer capable and ready United States capital in the last sixteen years mainly obtained to act. This the conspirators knew, and therefore they did not actively the bounty of $61,000,000, and there were only 1,298 American move until after Mr. Stevens had landed United States forces and guns. males on the islands in 1890. If annexation could be secured They read their proclamation, in fact, under the protection or the United States forces and under their guns. the Hawaiian sugar planters would continue to reap their rich Second. Mr. Stevens has pretended that he landed the troops and guns to reward if the McKinley bill remained in force, but, thank God, protect the life a.nd property of Americans. This was one or the false state­ the sugar bounty has been repealed by the House of Repre­ ments by which h'.l deceived Secretary Foster. But American life and prop­ erty are found in Honolulu, the last on or near the wharves, and the first in sentatives, and I expect annexation is now not so much desired the residence part of the town. He stationed the Boston's men and guns by the Provisional Government. [Applause on the Democratic away from the wharves and business streets and tar away from the resi­ side.]- dence quarter, between the palace and Government building, in such a way as to command both of these and nothing else. 1 am opposed to the annexation of the Hawaiian Islands both I have the authority ol a naval officer, with whom I examined the place, on policy and on principle. These islands are more than 2,000 for saying that where Mr. Stevens ordered the troops to be placed they were miles distant from our extreme Western boundarv. We have a useless to defend American life or property, but excellently posted to cow, and if necessary disperse, the Government and cover the hasty proclama­ serious race problem now in our country, and I am not in favor t.ion-reading of the conspirators. of adding to our domestic fabric a mongrel population, amount­ Third. Mr. Stevens pretends that there was a threat or disorder under ing to nearly one hundred thousand, made up of Chinese, Jap­ which he landed troops. But. on the contrary, overwhelming evidence shows that the town was entirely quiet. anese, Portuguese, Polynesians, Norwegians and Kanakas, with only about four thousand Americans, British, Germans, and I also submit an interesting shtement of P. W. Reeder, who French. Our Constitution makes no provision for a colonial es­ is a prominent and reliable citizen of Cedar Rapids, Iowa, and tablishment. Hawaii would have to be a Territory or a State was visiting Honolulu when the revolution occurred: of the United States. There was absolutely no armed body of men on the streets those days, ex­ Any territorial government we might establish would neces­ cept what was there by command of Minister Stevens, fronrthe Boston. sarily, because of the population, be an oligarchy, which would I challenge any man to point out any American citizen whose life or prop­ erty was in danger. The citizens walked the streets unarmed a.s usual up to have to be supported by armed soldiers; any State Government the time that martial law was proclaimed. A Japanese man-of-war was in organized would soon be contt"olled, as has been the Government the harbor at the time. Why did not the Japanese minister land his ma­ of those islands for many yetl.rs~ by speculators, adventurers, and rines to protect his subjects? Simply because the occasion d.id not require it-. foreigners. Two Senators and a Representative in Congress Capt:l.in Wiltse, the commander of the United States ship Bos­ would, after a while, be sent to Washington, who would proba­ ton, who landed the ship's battalion, also sustains him on an im­ bly belong to races which have never before held seats in the portant point. He says in his report to the Secretary of the Congress of the United Shtes. • Navy; ''A detachment of marines was placed at the legation and The principle involved in the annexation of the Hawaiian a detachment at the consulate, while the main body of men. Islands is far-reaching and of the greatest importance. If it is with two pieces of artillery, were quartered 1n a hall of central proper to annex the Hawaiian Islands, it may soon be proper to loc .tion near the Government building." And Admiral Skerret, annex Santo Domingo, or any other country that may send com­ who assumed command of the Pacific squadron, and went to the missioners to propose annexation. This has not been the policy Haw.1 iian Islands February 10, 1893, stated that in his opinion taught by the framers of our Constitution, or the statesmen who it was inadvisable to locate the troops as they were located, if have guided and guarded our country in the past. they were landed for the protection of the United States citizens, Our country is the most favored nation. It has the freest and being distantly removed from the business portion of the town, best Government in the world. It reaches from the Atlantic to and generJ.lly far away from the United States legation and the Pacific; from the northern lakes to the Gulf of Mexico, and • United States consulate, as well as being distant from the gives us a grand doma-in with which we should be satisfied. Its houses and residences of United States citizens. clim%te is healthy and salubrious. Its rivers are magnificent, Mr. Speaker, there was method in the movements of Ameri­ its soil is fertile, its arts, products, minerals, and manufactures cans on the Hawaiian Ishnds. aroused the admiration and amazement of the world at the late · No one can doubt, who has carefully examined the facts, that International Exposition. We should be satisfied with its grand there \Vere great controlling reasons which impelled theAm:Jri­ possibilities . . All we need now is just taxation and commercial can citizens to desire the ov-erthrow of the constitutional Gov­ freedom to help our country to the accomplishment of its grand ernment of the H awaiian Islands and their annexation to the and glorious destiny. [Applause.] United States. The Provisional Go\ernmentof Hawaiiismade Ron. Thomas M. Cooley, the great writer on constitutional up m,1inly of sugar planters and mission

America.. and not of countries in ditJerent pArts of the world. It was not Mr. BLAIR. Mr. Speaker, with the consent of the gentleman ma.

PUBLIC BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS. By Mr. BROSIUS. Petition of 150 employers of la'bor and Under clause 3 of Rule XXII, resolutioD.B of the following workingmen in Columbia., Pa., against the passage of the Wil­ titles were introduced, and severally referred as follows: son bill-to the Committee on Ways and Means. By Mr. BARTHOLDT: A joint resolution {H. Res.125) for Also, .petition of 150 citizens of Lancaster County, Pa., en­ the payment of an account toW. F. Niedringhaus, cont_ractor, gaged in manufactures, against the passag-e of the Wilson bill~ for furnishing beef to Indians-to the Committee on Clauns. to the Committee on Ways and Means. By Mr. CUMMINGS: A conc~r.rent re~olution providing f?r By Mr. CARUTH: Papers to accompany H. R. 5390, granting the printing of the flags of mar1time natwn.s-to the Commit­ a pension to William E. Key~to the .Committee on Invalid tee. on Printing. Pensions. By Mr. CffiCKERING: Petition of citizens of Indian River, Lewis County, N.Y., against the manufacture and sale of oleo­ PRIVATE BILLS, ETC. margarine and other substances in semblance of butter and Under clause 1 of Rule XXII, private bills of the following cheese-to the Committee on Agriculture. titles were presented and referred as follows: Also, petition of citizens of Denmark! N.Y., against the man­ By Mr. BALDWIN: A bill (H. R.5570)authorizingtheG:and ufacture and sale in other States of oleomargarine in original Rapids Water Power and Boom Company to construct a bridge packages-to the Committee on Agriculture. across the Mississippi River-totheCommitteeoninterstateand Also, petition of citizens or Jefferson County, N. Y., against Foreign Commerce. the Wilson tariff bill-to the Committee on Ways and Means. • By Mr. BUNDY: A bill (H. R. 5571) granting a. pension to Also, petition of Cart.hage Grange, No. 69, Carthage, N.Y., in Sarah J. Holland, daughter of a soldier of the late civil war-to relation to manufacture and sale of substances in semblance o1 the Committee on Invalid Pensions. butter and cheese-to the Committee on Agriculture. By Mr. RICHARDS: A bill (H. R. 5572) for the relief of Fran­ By Mr. COGSWELL (by request}: Memorial of the Church cis Corberant-to the Committee on Military Affairs. Orphanage of St. John's Parish, remonstrating against legi.ela­ By Mr. SHERMAN: A bill (H. R. 5573) granting a pension to tion that withholds annual appropriations to charitable institu­ Mary G. Walker-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. tions-to the Committee on Appropriations. By Mr. WILLIAMS of Illinois: .A bill (.H•• ~. 5574) for. the re­ lief of Alonzo Platt-to the Committee on Mil1tary A::ffa1rs. By Mr. CURTIS of Kansas: Petition of Hillsboro, Marion County Kans., in the interest of the fraternal society and col­ lege journals-to the Committee on the Post-Office and Post­ PETITIONS, ETC. Roads. Under clause 1, Rule XXII, the following petitions and. pa- By Mr. DAVIS: Petition of 49 officers and soldiers of Fort pers were laid on the Cler~'~ desk and refer.red as follo;vs: Riley, Kans., for the passage of the bill to retire members of the By Mr. ALDRICH: Petition of 0. E. Ritter and. 45 oth~rs, I Army. Navy. and Marine Corps on three-fourths pay, after machinists and manufacturers of Chicago, protestmg agamst twenty-five years of service-to the Committee on Military Af­ the passage of the Wilson bill-to the Committee on Ways and fairs. Means. . . . • Also, petition of 19 citizens of Beattie, Kans., to allow fr!lter- By Mr. A VERY: Pet1t10nof P. C. Chalmers, John E. Gates, B. nal society and college journals to pass through the mails as J. Lonney,and45 othercitizensofHoward City, Mich., asking for second-class matter-to the Committee on the Post-Office and the passage of the Manderson-Hainer bill) No.4897-totheCom- Post-Roads. , mittee on the Post-Office ~d Post-~ads. . By .Mr. DONOVAN: Petition of T. R: Carroll and 74 others1 By Mr. BARWIG: Petlt:I.on of c.ltizens of Wa~rtown~ W1~., citizens of Defiance County, Ohio, aga1.nst the passage of the praying for the passage of. H?use b1ll ~ 9~, to ~dm1t to the mails Wilson bill-to the Committee on Ways and Means . . as se9ond-class matter per10d1e.al pubhcat1o~ l!sued by or under By Mr. EVERETT: Petition of the Board of Trade of Stone­ the auspices of benevolent and fraternal soCieties and orders aJ?-d ham, Mass., against measures tending to restrict our trade with institutions of learning, and for other purposes-to the Comm1t- Canada-to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. tee on the Post-Office an~ ~ost-R.oads. . Also, petition of the Philadelphia Maritime Exchange, in favor By Mr. BELDEN: Pet1t10n of A. A. ~chenk, of Syracuse, m of b-ill (H. R. 4606) defining the punishment of barratry-to the the State of New ~ork, ~nd 3.9 other residents of S.yracu~e, ask- Committee on the Judiciary. ing favorabl~ C?nsiderat10.n of the .M~derson-Hamer bill (H. By Mr. FIELDER: Petition of Frank A. Cook and others of R. 4897} classilymg be~e.fi.Ciary publicatiOns as second-class postal New Jersey, in the intere~t of the fraternal society and colleg--e matter-to the Committee on the Post-Office and Po~t-Roads. journals-to the Committee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. Also, petition of William I. Br_ight, of Skaneateles, m the State Also Papers pertaining to the claim for the relief of the widow of New Y?rk, and 172 other r.eside~tso1 Onondaga County, ~ew of Geo;ge C. Foulk, deceased-to the Committee on Claims. Y_ork, askmga.favora)>l~considerat~onof the.M~d'erson-Ha.mer By Mr. FLYNN; Resolution adopted by Democratic State­ bill (H. R. 4897 ) classifymg benefic_1ary publications as second- hood convention in Oklahoma Territory, recommending the ad­ class postal matter-to the Committee on the Post-Office and mission of said Territory to sisterhood, and to extend its linesso Post-Roads. HAM p tit' f •t• fPhilad h' . t as to include the five civilized tribes-to the Committee on the ByMr.BlNG : e 10~0 ~1 1zenso e.p1 1a,agams Territories. the passag~ of the Wilson tariff bill-to the Committee on Ways By Mr. GORMAN: Petition of 22 citizens of Munroe, Mich., and Means. . . for the passage of the Manderson-Hainer bill, H. R. 4897-to the By Mr. BREC~~GE of Kentucky: ~etition of Samuel Committee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. A~ke~son and other citizens of Kentucky, asking for s~ch appro- By Mr. HICKS: Petition of citizens of Duncansville, Pa., pr1at10n as ma;v: be necessary for th.e speedy complet10D: of the against enactment of the Wilson bill-to the Committee on 1mprovements 1n the Kentucky River-to the Committee on Ways and Means. Rivers and Harbors. B M HINES· T t't' f 't' f L C t B Mr. BRODERICK: Resolutions tn the interest of the fra- Y ~- · wo pe liOns 0 _CIIzens.o .uzerne oun :y, Y · t d · ls adopted by the Leavenworth Pa., askmg for the defeat of the Wilson tariff bill-to the Com- terna 1 soCie Y an C? 11 ege JOUrna . . . mittee on Ways and Means. (Kans.) Lodge, Anment Order Umted Workmen, to admit sai.d ...... ·ournals to the mail as second-class matter-to the Committee A.lso, petitiOn of Typographical p-mon, No .. 2, of P?iladelp~:u~, ~n the Post-Office and Post-Roads. asking that the free~book clause m the W1lson bill be eliml- Also, resolutions' adopted by the Meridan (Kans.) Lodge, An- nated-to the Commlttee on ~ays and Me~s. cient Order United Workmen, in the interest of fraternal society . 4J.so, preamble and resolut10~s of t"?-e lithographers of the an.d college journals-to the Committee on the Post-Office and Cltie.s of New. York and_JerseyCity,askmg that p~esent duty be Post-Roads. retained on hthographic products-to the Comm1ttee on Ways Also resolutions adopted by the Grantville {Kans.) Lodge, An- and Means.. . . cient Order United Workmen, in the interest of fraternal society Also, pet1t10n?f emp~oyes of Sayre Metal Company, as~gfor and college journals-to the Committee on. the Post-Office and defeat of the Wilson bill, and. that no change be made ~ the Po'dt-Roads. present schedule of gold and silver leaf, etc.-to the Comm1ttee Also, petition of W. C. B. Herron ~nd 65 others of. Meriden, on Ways and Means. . . .

Kans. 1 in the interest of fraternal somety and college JOurnals- By Mr. HOLMAN: petition of Cicero F. ~orthern and 149 tothe Committee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. other citizens of Decatur County, in the State of Indiana, pray- Also petition of Theo. D. Jones and 40 others of Leavenworth, ing for governmental control of the telegraph and telephone Kans., 'in the interest of fraternal society and college journals- service of the United States-to the Committee on Interstate to the Committee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. and Foreign Commerce. • Also, petition of J. H. Queen and ~any others of qrantville, By ~r. HOO~R of New York:. Two petitions of resi~ents of Kans., in the interest of fraternal somety and college JOurnals- Dunkirk, N.Y., m favor of the bill4897-to the Comm1ttee on to the Committee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. the Post-Office and Post-Roads. 1824 CONGRESSIONAL ·RECORD-HOUSE. FEBRUARY S,

By Mr. MARSHALL: Six petition~ of employers of labor, HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. workingmen, and others, citizens of Wythe, Carroll, Max Mea­ dows, and other counties of the State of Virginia, protesting SATURDAY_, February 3_, 1894. against the passage of the Wilson bill-to the Committee on Ways and Means. The House met at 12 o'clock m. Prayer by the Chaplain, Rev. By Mr. McDOWELL: Resolution of the State Horticultural E. B. BAGBY. , Society of Pennsylvania, protesting against the omission of the The Journal of the proceedings of yesterday_was read and ap. appropriation for agricultural experimental station-to the Com­ proved. mittee on Appropriations. SURVEY OF THE MISSOURI. By Mr. MEIKLEJOHN: Petition from West Point, Nebr., f.or The SPEAKER laid before the House a letter from the Secte­ admission of the publications of fraternal and benevolent HOCle­ tary of War, transmitting, with a letter from the Chief of En­ ties to the mails as second-class matter-to the Committee on gineers, a report of examination and survey of the Missouri the Post-Office and Post-Roads. River from Three Forks to Canyon Ferry, Montana; which was By Mr. MORSE: Petition of the Royal Society of Good Fel­ referred to the Committee on Rivers and Harbors, and ordered lows of Massachusetts (4,752 members), praying that the postal to be printed. laws maybe so amended as not to discriminate against fraternal FINDINGS OF THE COURT OF CLAIMS. and beneficiary press-to the Committee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. . The SPEAKER also laid before the House copies· of the findings By Mr. MUTCHLER: Petition of citizens of Mauch Chunk of the Court of Claims in the cases of the following-named per­ and Bethlehem, Pa., in favor of admitting to the mails the fra­ sons against the United States: Philip Diebelhouse, deceased, ternal society and college journals as second-class matter-to the and Christian Ubele! deceased; which were referred to the Com­ Committee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. mittee on War Claims. By Mr. PAYNE: Petition of 43 residents of the State of New SETTLERS ON IOWA RESERVATION, OKLAHOMA. York, for the passage of bill regulating the traffic in oleomarga­ The SPEAKER also laid before the House a bill (H. R. 4859) for rine-to the Committee on Agriculture. the relief of certain settlers on the Iowa Reservation, Oklahoma By Mr. PERKINS: Petition of citizens of Ida Grove, Iowa, Territory, with an amendment of the Sena~ thereto. in regard to admitting certain publications to the mails as sec­ The amendment was read as follows: ond-class matter-to the Committee on the Post-Office and Post­ Page t,line 5, strikeout the words "restricted to" and insert the words Roads. "who entered." • By Mr. RAYNER (by reque:~t ) : Petition of citizens of Balti­ Mr. McCREARY of Kentucky. Mr. Speaker, I move that more, as in the interest of fraternal society and college journals, the Senate amendment be concurred in. and asking that these publications be admitted to the mails as The amendment was concurred in. second-class matter-to the Committee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. MRS. ELL.EN G. HEINER. By Mr. RUSK: Petition for the passage of the Manderson­ The SPEAKER also laid before the House a bill (8.1427) grant­ Hamer bill4897-to the Committee on the Post-Office and Post­ ing an increase of pension to Mrs. Ellen G. Heiner; which was Roads. referred to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. By Mr: SCRANTON: Re.solutions o~ the State Horticu~tu:al LEAVE OF ABSENCE. Associatwn of Pennsylvama, for contrnuance of appropr1atwn for agricultural experimental station-to the Committee on Ap­ Bv unanimous consent, leave of absence was granted as follows: propriations. To Mr. CADMUS, for three days, on account of important busi­ Also, petition of S. B. Hills and 29 other citizens of Jermeyer, ness. Pa., in the interest of fraternal society and college journals-to To Mr. MUTCHLER, for three days, on account of important the Committee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. business. By Mr. SHERMAN: Petition of C. E. Crandall and 39 others To Mr. PAGE,foroneweek, on account of sicknessinhisfamily. of Pomona Grange, Marcy, N.Y., relating to the Hill bill on COINAGE OF SILVER BULLION. oleomargarine-to the Committee on Agriculture. Mr. BLAND. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to have Also, petition of C. E. Crandall and 3~othersof Marcy, N.Y., printed the report of the Committee on Coinage, Weights and asking for passage of Hill bill relating to oleomargarine-to the Measures on House bill4856, directing the coinage of the s1lver1 Committee on Agriculture. bullion held in the Treasury, and for other purposes; also, that By Mr. SCHERMERHORN: Petition of residents of St. Johns­ the minority have leave to print their views. ville, N. Y., in the interest of fraternal society and college There was uo objection, and it was so ordered. journals-to the Committee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. Mr. BLAND. Mr. Speaker, this is with the understanding Also, petition of residents of Florida, Montgomery County, that the bill shall lose none of its privileges. N.Y., for the regu.4J,tion of the sale of oleomargarine or any The SPEAKER. Of course. substitute for dairy products-to the Committee on Agriculture. By Mr. CHARLES W. STONE: Petition of 35 citizens of Oil SECTION 311 1 REVISED STATUTES. City, Pa., in the interest of fraternal society and college jour­ Mr. DOCKERY. Mr. Speaker, I desire to present a priVI­ nals-to the Committee on the Po3t-Office and Post-Roads. leged report from the Joint Commission of Congress to Inquire Also, petition of 34 citizens of Fremont, Ohio, in the interest into the Status of Laws Organizing the Executive Departments, of fraternal society and college ~ journals-to the Committee on accompanied by a bill to repeal section 311 of the Revised Stat­ the Post-Office and Post-Roads. utes, and to ask its present consideration. Also, petition of 25citizens of Warren, Pa., in the interest of The SPEAKER. The Clerk will report the bill. fraternal society and college journals-to the Committee on the The bill (H. R. 5529) w~s read, as follows: Post-Office and Post-Roads. · ' Be it enacted, etc., That section 311 of the Revised Statutes of the United By Mr. ';L'ALBOTT of Maryland: Petition of Choptank Lodge, States be, and the same is hereby, repealed. No.12, of Cambridge, Md., AncientOrderof United Workmen, that fraternal and college journals be admitted to the mails as Mr. DOCKERY. I ask that the report be read.. second-class matter-to the Committee on the Post-Office and The report (by Mr. DocKERY) was read, as follows: The Joint Commission of Congress to Inquire into the Status o! Laws Or· Post-Roads. ganizing the Executive Departments, to whom was referred the bill (H. R. Also, petition from Quantico (Md.) Conclave Improved Order 5529) to repeal section 311 of the Revised Statutes of the United States, hav­ Heptosophs, that fraternal and college journals be admitted to ing considered the same, report it back hereWith and recommend its passage. In addition to the explanation found in the report of the experts, being an the mails as second-class matter-to the Committee on the Post- anpendix. hereto, we further submit that the Treasurer's reports, which the Office and Post-Roads. . bill abolishes, contain only a list in detail of warrants. These reports are By Mr. WANGER: Memorial of Annie A. Joyce, cigar manu­ copies of the quarterly statements rendered to the accounting om.cers of the Treasury; one of these copies goes to the Senate and the other to the House facturer, and Lawrence Carroll and James H. Buskey, cigar of Representat.ives. They show the number, name of payee, and amount of makers, for a uniform rate of 35 cents per pound on all unstem­ each warrant; the last volume printed contains 826 pages and cost to print med tobacco-to the Committee on Ways and Means. $6 450.11. The books are subdivided according to classes o.r warrants, but they are so voluminous that it would be exceedingly di1ll.cult to obtain from BvMr. WILLIAMS of Illinois: Letter relating to the relief of them any desired information; in fact, these books are not availed of. I! Aloiizo Platt, late of Company F, Twenty-seventh Ohio Volun­ any information is desired respecting a particular warrant, it is obtained teer Infantry-to the Committee on Military Affairs. from the Department. ' These reports are not a statement of receipts and expenditures in the Also, papers for the relief of John Oliver as private of Com­ sense that such statements are usually understood to be. Statements of pany H , Sixth illinois Cavalry-to the_Committee on· Invalid receipts and expenditures covering the same transactions are rendered by Pensions. _ the Secretary of the Treasury in such form as to make the information available for use, and th1l making of these reports is in compliance with an Also, affidavit for the relief of William Mix, late of Company old law, which, if it ever had any value, such value has now becomoa a thin& E, First Alabama Cavalry-to the Committee on War Claims. of the past.