NEW R 2 SE IES . 119 N OL D .E . SERIES .
MEMOI RS OF THE GEOLOGI CAL SURVEY .
ENGL AND AND W AL ES.
GEOL OG Y
OF THE COAST SOUTH OF
B E R W I C K - O N - T W E E D .
EXPL ANATI N F RT R- ( O O Q UA E S HEET 110 N. E. , N EW S ERI ES . S HEET
W GU NN F . , . G . S.
’ TUBU SHRD BY ORDE OF THE L O DS COMMI S I ON OF HER M AJ ESTY EA R R R S ERS S TR SU Y .
's f\ 0 x u v
L O N D O N PRI NTED FOR HER M J ESTY’ S ST TI ONERY OFFI E A A C ,
BY EYRE AND SPOTTI SWOODE, I N o THE N’ M O X C L L EN M A E PR TER S T Q UEE S ST E E T J STY .
u And to b e purchased , either directly or th ro gh any Bookseller, rmn W Hu ms S F EYRE Al l ) SPOTT S OODE EA e L S REE E. O. or I , ST TREET, EET T T, ; J OHN MEN2158 8c 00 12 HANOV S EDI NBURGH and , ER TREET, , 90 W NI L S GL A G OW or , EST E TREET, S ; o m n m 104 G AFTON STEEET D B ODGES F GG S 8: C . UEu N. , I I , , , , R ,
P R E F A C E.
THE Map described in th e present Memoir represents a small triangula r piece ' of th e extreme north ofth e county of
North um erland a out 14 s uare miles in area l in imme b , b q , y g diatel to th e south of erwick - on-Tweed and includin th e y B , g
- coast line from th e mouth ofth e Tweed to Goswick . I t w as i i n su e d l i ll Mr . unn und r th e su erv s o rv e eo o ca . W G e y g g y by , p
fMr H H ll n o . w an i d i 1884 . . o e d was u l sh e . H , p b Under th e wh ole of th e district various members of th e
ar oniferous L imestone series extend th e thicker limestones C b ,
ein r r n i f h l ri s of Yor shire b g ep ese tat ves o t e Yoreda e se e k . Tolerably complete sections of th ese strata can b e seen along the sh ore sou th of S ital wh ere th e rocks have a eneral p , g
easterl di hi h le Th e area h er descri ed is con y p at g ang s. e b tained in Sh eets 45 and ofth e - in h Ma ofNorthum erland 7 6 c p b , ofwhich M i are osi in his ffi f efren S. c es de d r r e ce op p te t O ce o . Th e Geology ofBer wick-on- Tweed h as already been described in th e Geolo ofEastern erwic shir e Sheet 34 Scotland gy B k ( , ),
h fa publis ed as r back as 1864 .
Mr . Gunn wh o surve ed th e Ma h as also re ared the , y p, p p fll in rief un fi o ow g b acco t o t.
K ARCHI BAL D GEI IE,
Director General.
Geolo ical Surve ffice g y O ,
28 J erm n Street L ondon. , y ,
8th ul 189 . J y, 7
CONTEN TS.
- PEEEAOE b th e DmEcTOE ENEEAI . , y G
si al Featur es eneral eolo ical HAPTEE I I N N. Ph c G G C . TEODueTI O y , g Descr i ti n Table ofFormations p o ,
CHA TER I CAEEONI PEEOUS. Fell Sandstone Grou P I . p t l ti d . Screm rs on oa CHATTEE I I I . C AEEONI PEEOUS (con nue ) e C Gr oup or C arb onaceous Division
HA TER I — / L imestone rou or C V . CAREONI P O S contirmed . G P EE U ( ) p, C alcar eous Divis ion
C HA TER FAUL Ts P V . C HA TER V I L A I DE S P . G O AL POSI T
CHAPT I P T- i R ai d EE I . l um se B ach s V OS GL AOI AI . DE OSI TS . Al u e e P v , , Blown Sand
E I L I S OP os I L s APP NDI X . TS F s , a . L ist ofFossils collected by th e Geological Sur ve t f il n 6 . L is o Foss s in th e Al wick Museum col lectedby the late George Tate
EN I X I L i of h ef li i APP D I . st C i Pub cat ons on th e Geology of th e District
I NDEX
I L L USTRATI ON.
L ocal Erosion (or Fault P) south OfRedsh in
THE GEOL OGY OF THE COAST SOUTH OF
BE W K- ON- WEE R IC T D.
— HAP E I OD O . C T R . INTR UCTI N
PHYS L FE T E ICA A UR S.
The area to be described inthis memoir comprises th e coast from erwick to Goswic in Northum erland and the countr B k b , y inland as far as An r f h i h st und close to the hi h c o t. T e h e ro g g , g r oad near S rin ill south Of er wick is 296 feet a ove the p g H , B , b sea Fr i l h north and . om th s point th e ground slopes rapid y to t e east and more entl to th e south wh ere th ere is much low , g y ,
l in l 28 feet. and . Catchlaw ra south ofHeather to s is 9 y g C g, y p , Th e l oo- foot contour keeps nearly along the railway to Phila del hia and then turns south ard to heswic and westward to p , w C k th e at I nn a An f Th e alluvial flats at Goswic and C nd cro t. k Wi - The wh ole ndmill Hill are not 20 feet above the sea level. area drains directly into th e sea by small streams ; th e larger of which All erdean urn and aiden Dean ur n unite at , B H B , Ancroftsteads and form th e rth L ow hich enters th e sea at , No , w
Goswick.
GEOL OGICAL DESCR IPTI ON.
The rocks to b e descri bed belong wh olly to th e Carboniferous L imestone Seri s an l i n f L i stones e , d consist of a ternat o s o me ,
Sandstones and Shales ith oals— h e e uivalents of th e , w G t q Yoredale a hire Th e fall Series nd Scar L imestone of Yorks . y naturall into t e ivision Th hi hest Ca lca r eons Division y hre d s. e g ( ) contains all th e thick limestones and ofth ese a fairl ood section , y g is seen alon th e coast Th e middle ortion Car bona ceous g . p ( Division contains nearl all th e im ortant coal -seams with ) y p , e thi im - v r n l estones which will b e elucidated b it sections. y , y p Th ese two divi i n n m r e ate s o s were a ed and defined by Geo g T . Th e lowest division Fell Sandstone Gr ou consistin mainl ( p), g y of thick Sandstones wi h s me Sh ale oc u ies onl a small area t o , c p y a out Sunn id in h rn Th n r l di ofth e s e t e north e corner . e e e a b y , g p ° eds inland is h E E a n l s of 10 to b ut to t . r t a b e S o SS . g e near th e coast th e di nearl due east at hi h an les inclinin y p y g g , g to th e north Of east at erwick and ital so th at alon th e B Sp , g reater art of the coast- line wh ere th e eds are ex osed we g p , b p , ° find th em dipping as h igh as from 30 near Scremerston to as ° much as 60 at Berwi ck . Boulder clay and oth er superficial deposits cover by far th e lar er ortion of the area and are ever wh ere ased on th e g p , y b ar oniferous ro k C b c s. 2 I NTRODUC T I ON.
TABL E or FORMATI ONS.
Blown Sand.
- l l h Post G acia Raised Beac es. Allu vium l Sa nd and Grave . Glacml o d r l B ul e C ay. or Calcareous ivision D . Ca us cremerston oal Grou or r n ceous S C p , Ca bo a fibnggrlz Di io vis n. i Ser es. andstone r u S G o p . FEL L SANDSTONE .
— A B F OU . CHAPTER II . C R ONI ER S
FEL L NDSTO E GR P SA N OU .
Th e thick sandstones occurring below the Scremerston Coal ve n alled furth er sou h th e Fell Sandstones We Series ha bee c t . have not th e whole thic ness of th em h ere nor h ave we an k , y complete section ofth ose beds which do occur in th e area and wh ose th ickness we estimate at over 300 feet . Sandstones and Sh ales with some th in coals elon in to , , b g g th e hi h er ortion of th e series w ere visi le at one time in th e g p , b lower part of th e Sunnysid e Cut in the road east of Tweed Th e mouth Cemetery ; b ut th ey are now nearly covered up. ° i h i 10 A coal 4 inch es th ic is visi le d ere s a out to . . . p b S S E , k , b ’ r in the top of th e King s Quarry now turned into a cemete y .
’ Massive sands one was formerl worked h ere and some is still t y , n to b e see .
A lower ar t ofthe series is seen a out weedmou th Station p b T , and in th e cutting for th e Tweedmouth Dock R ailway ; in old qu arries near th e Tower Foundry ; and by th e side of th e S ital Road nor th of weedmouth ower wh ere th e sandstone p T T , i fin and hite and l o s cru h d Th h an e in h e di s e w o s e . e c t , k g p h s n l E N a E. n e w ll tra f e e fr m S to r . b E. e . ca e c d t d o S . e o b . y A lo - de n n c n n n h d f h ri r h ere. t w ti sa dsto e a b e see i t e b e O t e ve ° ° on th e east side of erwic Old rid e di in 30 - 35 to th e B k B g , pp g E u h f i E. h i i O h N. and t e ser es cro s o t on t e north s de t e r ver , p alon th e New Wal k g . l Th ere seems considerably more sh a e I n th e group at Berwick than th ere 18 furth er south and we thin th at th e character of , k this sandstone group is approxima ting to th at O f the group elow descri ed in th e Ex lanation of th e ad oinin Sheet to b , b p j g ’ h e west t .
eolo OfNorh m and T e dmou h b unn G gy a w e t , y WV . G . 4 C AR BONI EEROUS.
HA — AR N FER — co C PTER III . C BO I OUS ntinu ed . ‘ SCREME N O L R P or RBON CEO S DI V I RSTO G O S ON. C A U , CA A U I
We shall describe under this h ead all the beds from th e Dun L imestone down to the Wester Coal— the lowest coal in the district wh ich has een w r ed or which is wor abl nd b o k , k e ; a as th e wh ole ser ies h as been thoroughly proved in th e pit-Shafts " we sh all b e able to give sections sh owing the exact thickness ofth e differen s at various ints The enera rd r f t bed po . g l o e o succession is as follo ws
FT. I N.
Dun L imestone. Coa 7 1 foot to 1 6
Sandstone and Sh ale, &c . 130 O ’ R obie s Coal 1 5 S aI I d d h l stone an S a e , &c 80 0
Ca I dside S ea m or c , 2 ft"to z 6 F a wcett Coa l S andstone nd h 3 a S ale , &c. 00 0 Scr emerston Ma in Coa l 0 Sand stones and Sh ales with
a r n H dy or S to y Coal 20 ft. to 40 0 and Dia mond Sea m M easur es 30ft 50 . to 0 Bnlma n or Cancer Coa l 6 0 M easur es 125 0 Thr e rt r e Q ua e Coa l 2 ft . to 3 0 M ea u res ft t 1 s 16 . o 9 0 C ooper Eye Coa7 3 6 M easures 70 O West r l e Coa .
This gives an average th ickness ofabout 800 feet for th e group SO far as we know th e Wester Coal h as not been worked to mu h x n in i Th s n e c e te t W ith th s area . e B ed betwee th Cooper Eye Seam and th e Wester C oal were exposed in making th e Sunn side C ut man ears a o but little Ofth em is now to b e y y y g , n W ve th fllowin a count Of th e eds fro m a see . T e gi e o g c b section Ofth e Nor th R oad made at th e time th e late Ma or , , by j hns n of r mers on Th e section ofthe Coo er E e Seam is Jo o Sc e t . p y
m n i ulars iven in this ch a ter I am much indeb ted t M r a art c o . R For y p g p , .
b t m na er ofth e Scremerston oal om an and to M r. G . Bailes frm r Nes it , a g C C p y, , o e
mana r. ' t i n N t oc . North umber land nd n T r s t His . S a urh m Winch a . a . li N J . D a 1 f . , of , “ At th e north rn ut which I s now 22 feet dee th l v l . i . . 126 sa s e c e owest o , p , y , , p, rock 18 dark re encrinal limestone covered b b ed s o f coal measures ofI ucon g y , y " i i i hin eams al . siderable thickness, b ut nterstrat fied w th four t s ofco SCBEME T N O BS O C AL . 5
1 Pi on from NO. 6 t the Scremerston Estate, a little west from th e resent workin Pit alled he New Winnin p g , c T g .
FT. I N. FT . I N. fl Top or Splint Coa l H C D ‘ Band stone E — 4 10 I ‘- Ground Coa l P Q M etal " w Q L imestone H Q Tills w O O L imestone (impur e) C O Q Grey and blue metals O m Freestone b and H Q Blue metal V Q
0 o o O Q Gr ey me tal O L imestone O Blue metal w O Fr eestone b and w O O Coa l O C Freestone b and Q O r t l F G e me a , 830 l O o O Q Slat b and P y I O Blu e and grey metals H O Coa l O Q L im tone P es Q I Blu e blac and r e metal s Q Q , k, g y Fr eestone Q O re m tal D G y e O C L imestone O Q M etal H h l C oal O w Fr eestone N b l Coa l O i H Blu e m t - e al Q l L imestone H a Grey metal O G Coa l O : Blu e me tal H c O rx o Gr ey metal O o WESTER a T 0 Coal O e Q 0
COM “ o Black meta O o s 0 O c Bla m l n ck eta O c a Coal O c I O KC Q
As will b e seen from th is section th ere are numerous alter nations ofthin eds a ove th e horiz on ofth eWester Coal includin b b , g l and oflimestone and thin coal - seams era s . sev b , We will now give a section sh owing in detail th e beds from th e Scremerston Main oal down to th e Coo er E e Seam C p y , as proved in th e New Winning of th e Scremerston C olliery h e marked De ut R Company at t place p y ow. 6 CAR RONI EER OU S.
The de th to th e Scremerston Main oal is 166 feet incl udin p C , g 11 seams of coal and 5 thin limestones one ofwhi h 1 , c , ft . 3 ins. thick, forms th e roofofthe coal.
T I . F . N FT I N. Black b and 0 4 Top Goa l 3 0 Band (call ed ground stone) 0 3 Ground Coa l 5 05 S cremerston Ma n oa i C l . Soft metal Str on tills Gr ey reestone Strong b lue tills Hard grey freestone Coa l Gr ey freestone 25 5}
4 7S Stony Coal
S eam. Str ong grey till s Coal S tr ong grey tills
Ha rd Coa l Soft grey metal C oal grey metal
4 7S Diamond S ea m. Soft grey metal Coa l Grey metal Grey fr eestone b and s Str ong gr ey fr eestone Blue metal Str ong gr ey freestone Dark blue metal Str ong grey freestone Blue metal S tr ong grey freestone Freestone b and s Blu e freestone Grey freest one T ills Coal Str ong till s Coa l L imestone Black b and Coa l Soft b lu e metal Coa l M etal 48 4} SCREM ERSTON L COA .
FT I F . N. T. I N. O 1 L Ch alk stone 0 H R Coa l 3 C ‘ Ch al stone - k 0 I Black band mixed with Coal 0 m
Soft bl ue metal L imestone Blu e metal L imestone Blue till s L imesto ne Strong tills Coal L imestone
Coa l 0 Strong black tills Wh ite freestone oa Blac k tills Blue metals Black tills Fr eestone b ands Har d fr eestone Black tills Coa l L imestone Blac k b and Coa l Blac k metal Strong till s L imestone Coal Blue metal Coa l L imesto ne Coa l ba nd s Strong h ard tills HaI d grey fr eestone Strong bl ack tills Gr ey tills Strong till s mixed with Coa l Coal Grey metal Black b and s mixedwith Coa l Metal Black Coal ba nd Fr eestone nd s Strong tills Coal Str ong till s Grey freestone Strong grey till s L imestone Coal M etal with small ir onsto ne b alls Str ong slaty tills M etal with red veins like keel Freestone called Ten Quarter Str ong tills 119 3} 8 C AR RONI T EROUS .
I FT . N. FT . I N. Top Coal 01 05 Band C oal Band Coal L imesto ne b and Coal 4 0 Thr ee Q uar k oal m C Sea . Metal Freestone band s Coa l Metal L h estone Tills Coa l
L imestone, h ard and b rittle L imestone C oa l Hard tills L imestone 15 11
3 7 Cooper Eye m S ea .
Th e Coo er E e Coal has een extensivel Worked in fa p y b y , ct almost entirel wor ed out on th e erwic ill round hi y k , B k H g w ch w as drained by means of a level driven from th e sea - side at m ari s S ital in 1826 . Th e sea v e a oo deal in thickness p , g d , rinci all owin to th e handstone in th e middle wh ich th i k n p p y g , c e s f th e erwi i mu h in laces. At one O c ll its c p B k H p , nearest Heather to s th e section was as foll ows y p ,
FT . I N. FT. I N. 1 5 2 9 1 2
h h At anoth er to t e nort ward, near th e Cow R oad End th e section was
F . I N. FT. I N. JT 0 2
1 Pi h as alread een iven NO t . Th e section in . 6 y b g ld erwic ill Pit near S ital the coal i At th e o B k H , p , s said to u ht at a de th of 32 fath oms and h h ave been wro g p , t e section was as follows
FT. I N. F T. I N. 1 10 2 10 130 5 8 1 2
The New Winnin Pit near De ut Row was in 1885 e g p y , , th kin within th e area Ofthe Ma only one wor g p. S N L 9 OR EME RSTU C OA .
" The Thr ee Qua r ter Coa l has been very little worked in th is
~ Pi h e t l thi n ss in l din a l th nds rea I n NO. 16 t t to a c e c u l e a a . k , g b , was13 feet 1 1 inch es and at Berwic ill - sa ella Pit its section , k H , I b , was
The outcrop ofthis coal will be nearly th e same as th at of th e oo er E e onl a out 16 feet of strata inter venin C p y , y b" g. Some distance a ove th e Th ree uarter oal comes a free b Q C" stone and called Th e Ten uar ter Stone which some im b , Q , t es m r d fa ure I t is seen outsi makes a a ke e t . de th e area ofthis W Bill l a t w . Map (in 110 N. . ) y a Among th e beds enumerated in th e section between th e Th ree uarter Coal and the ulman Seam or Cancer Coal ar Q B , e m n 11 hi a no less than 8 li estones a d t n co ls. Th e section seems l f in NO 1 Pi var a ood d ea or . 6 t th ere are l to y g , on y 5 lime stones and 7 coals in th e sa me set of eds and in h b , t e Isabella limes n Pit only 4 to es and 5 coals. Th e total thickness between th e Th ree Quarter and Bulman ri s fr m 4 1 Seams va e o 1 19 to 1 feet. Some of the beds may b e seen in th e road -cuttin east Of S rin hill The hi h g p g . g est beds seen are Shales and thin sandstones below which come a coal lim n i i E and thin esto e d n SS . at enea h . pp g B t th ese beds comes massive false- edded sandstone man feet in thic n b y k ess. Th e Bulman or Cancer Coa l of Berwick becomes furth er south th e Main Coa l Of Felkin ton and Ford M g oss. I n th e I sabella Pit its section is given as follows
This is not like its usual ch aracter as th ere are en r l , g e a ly several thin ands called cha lk stones I n' N b . o. 16 Pit the section ofthe seam is as follows 10 OAR RONI EEROU S.
I t is evident tha t th e first th ree members of this section represent th e coa l 1 foot 8 inches th ick ofthe Isabella Pit section the and and Ground oal are rett much th e sam in , B C p y e oth and th e last three mem ers are strata not re r en b , b p es ted in b lla Pi The sh ale or metal formin th e roof f Isa e t. g o this coal r enders it mor e difficult and expensive to work th an other seams such as th e oo er E e and Scremerston Main oal , C p y C , which h ave a h ard limestone roof; consequently it has not been n in hi r worked to so great a extent t s a ea. Th e seam is said not to occur in the pit Opposite the Cow i ‘ Road End one ofth e erwic ill Pits. Th s ma b e one of , B k H y th ses wh ere it thins awa as it does a Unth an En ine e ca y, t k g
Pit in th e area to th e west. Th e Ha r dy or Stony Coa l and The Diamond Coa l h ave been i r We ive th i n O th s little worked in this d st ict. g e sect o s f e e i nd i N 1 Pi Coals occurring at th e Isabella P t a n o. 6 t
N 1 I sabella Pit. o. 6 Pit.
I N . F . I N FT . I N. FT . FT . I N. T .
Coal 1 7 0 ra y L im n 0 9 3 2 Goa l 1 {f"m esto e 0m 0 10 Band I Coal 0
Str ong blue metal 1 0 Soft b lue metal 0 2 Sh a1e L imestone 1 3 Grey tills 3 6 fCoal Sh ale Coa l Coal O 10 3 7} Band fire-clay "Sh ale O 7 Coa l L Coal 0 7
16 Pit th e ard Seam is onl se arate I n NO. H y y p d from the n Main C oal feet ofmeasures whil Scremersto by , e at the ew Winnin th ese coals are 25 feet a ar t ; a sandstone 15 N g § p , h s hi ein one ofth e eds int r enin f t inc e t c e v . ee 7 k , b g b g Th e workings in th e Scremer ston M ain Coal are of very old date and th e coal was drained a water - level from the sea , by id at Hudsh ead Shiel which li e th e Old S ita l level was in s e , , k p , 1 i existence in the year 764 . Th s seam is certam th e best Of the series in this neighbourhood and is th e only one in North Northumb erland that has been won by mea ns ofa very deep sh ft We ive elow th e section of ack Tar Pit Scremers n a . g b J , to it in Nor h N r h m a llier th e dee est t o t u erl nd . Co y, p p b
n o the J a ck Ta r ectio P it Scr e r ton. S f , me s
F . I N. T N. FT . I oil 1 0 1 . S Cla 3 0 2. y f br own fr eestone 3 10 3 . So t lue metal 10 8 4 . B L imestone ood end 7 0 5. (W ) 25 6
65. Coa l ar r e u 66 . D k g y t
67 . Soft blue metal f li u l 68. So t gh t b l e meta
9 Hard d o . ft o 0. So d . L imestone Coa l (Splinty Soft l I gh t blue metal Har d wh ite freestone Soft blu e metal Soft bla ckmetal i h b o Soft l g t lue d . Dar k grey freestone Hard bl ue metal r Da k blue do . Bl c do a k . Coa l Black metal Hard gre freestone Hard d arkb lue metal
r l Soft da k b ue do. Black metal Coa l Soft ligh t blue metal lack metal and I ronstone b and goa l Black dant Coal Br own metal Coa l Soft dark blue metal
Soft dar k blue metal Har d white freestone Soft ligh t b lue metal Har d fr eestone Har d ar blu e metal H d i h t ar l g do . Soft li h t d g o. Coa l (spl I nty) Blac k metal Har d tills Coal Hard d ark b lue metal Coa l Dar k blue metal C oa l Hard tI lls L imestone Soft ligh t blue metal Soft metal Hard freestone Soft blue metal Hard wh ite fr eestone Har d blue metal Hard t te fr eestone Har d blu e metal
Soft do . Coa l Blue metal Coa l Soft black metal - SOR EMERSTON COAL . 13
Hard wh ite freestone Dark b lue metal C oal Soft ligh t blue metal Har d grey fr eestone Dar k b lue metal Coal Soft dark blue metal Soft ligh t b lue metal Hard blac d o k . L igh t red fr eestone Soft b lack metal Dar k r ed fr eestone H r a d white d o. Soft black met al ca l Soft d ark blue metal Coa l So ft blac k metal ar lu e d D k b o . Dar k r ed freestone L igh t grey whin Dark brown limestone Soft black metal Har d d un blue metal Har d tills
C oa l S oft dark blu e metal Hard du n post Coa l Soft black metal Coa l Soft blue metal Har d d u n metal Coal Soft black metal Coal Soft ligh t blue metal Slaty blu e metal Hard freestone girdle Coal 169 L fM in oal : imestone . R oofo a C
Section ofM in o l a C a Seam.
FT . Top Coal 2 Band e s 4 314 7 , gr y tone 0 Ground Coal 1 Depth to coal sill 662 11
Sunk elo M m b w ain Coal su p. Blue metal Freestone b and Har d dark b lue metal Freestone Coal Soft dark blue metal C0al Hard light blue metal Fr eestone b and s Soft ligh t b lue metal 13 0
Total depth 675 11 14 C AR EONI EEROUS.
Th e following are sections ofth e Main Seam as proved in two oth er pits on th e Scremerston estate :
Old En in 1 Pit. t e P . g No. 6 i
FT N FT. I N F N . I . . T. I . L imestone 2 0
oa l, coa rse 1 6 Gre metal stone 0 6 Coa coarse 0 10 Stone 0 25 R ough stone 0 105
Scremerston M a in Coa l 4 3
The section ofth e Isabella Pit sh ows th at th e crop of the Main o l mu t th it- m u h on he south C a st b e close o e p o t t . ° T h an f m h i f a 1 N E i f h e c e d o ut o a . o ro o 0 t . d g t e S . S. E . p b p ° ° 30 to 40 is v sudden from this oint and one or two faul ts e p , h ave een r v h ill n i f n o ed to exist ese w b e ot ced urther o . b p . T ’ Th e small its to th e coal in Pi er s uarr near the south end p p Q y, of S ital were said to b e 6 fath oms dee a nd so we are close p , p , to the r B f r hi n arn fi or c o . ut u th er north not n ca b e le ed o t p g , ofth e ulman Seam elo w as ver little rock s ex osed ehind B b , y j p b ital and n th in h sh r i twe n S o is seen on t e o e o os te. e e p , g pp B Spital and th e Carr Rock to the west we come upon a thick b ed ofrath er soft massive sandstone elow which are traces ofcoals , b a nd several thin limestones interstratified with Sh ales and sand l f h E l stones ro a a out the h oriz on o t e oo er e oa . , p b b y b C p y C West of th e Carr Rock w e see sh ale with ironstone nodules and l- m in h l in n sandstone All th s eds a coa sea 2 c es th ick o . e e , , y g b an l a and i is almost in that . . a es Of out t certa dip E N E . t g b all th e wor a le coals with th e exce tion erh a s ofthe Wester k b , p p p l ro out to th e eas ofthe ar r Rock C oa c t C . , p ’ f h ar is fin h an whi The sandstone o t e Pi er s u r e ard d te. p Q y , , etween this and Sea V iew is a sandstone uarr in which B q y, in u I t is 4 f c i s en di . a o t about 0 feet o ro k s e pp g E. N E . b thin- edded with lenticular sh ale and s a ove ecomin massive b b b , b g l w nd is fine in ra Th u rr is said to h ave ielded e o a in. e a b , g q y y some fine s ecimens offossil trees and also sh ells S andstone is p . visi le in a uarr a t Catehlaw ra which ma be a bout this b q y C g, y h r z n o i o .
The Caldside or Fawcett Coa l h as been worked fro m th e sea all across th e Scremerston Estate h avin een drained a , g b by level whi h starts from the a t n dshin I is in laces c co s ear Re . t p a fair househ old coal ituminous like th e oth ers b ut no t so , b , s th e Scremerst n Main al r o r E e Seam good a o Co o the C ope y . I t seems to h ave been used formerly for lime -burning to a great extent I s av ra e hi kn i i is said is a 2 f n. and . t e t ss t c e b ut t. 6 g o , r i h At th e to c op out n t e ch urchy ard at Rich ardson Stead . ac Tar Pit it was exce tionall thin onl 8 inch es and this J k p y , y , thinnin extends over an ar ea a out 300 ards road runnin g b y b , g n dire ion N N W fr m h k ro i a ct . . o t e ac Tar Pit to th e outc o f . J p m th e Sea . SC EI I E RSTON R C OAL . 15
C l i 1 ft 5 in thi in h k s . e Tar Pi R abi e oa s . ck t Jac t ; it h as b n ri a li le but i not ofmuch valu I ma b ee t ed tt s e. t e s e , y e n east ofRich ardson Stead in th e cuttin for th e railwa to a k , g y J c Tar Pit wh ere it lies etween sandstones with th e followin , b g section F T. I N.
Sandstone . Coa l with some Sh ale Sh ale mixed with coal Fin nd s on e sa t e .
About 15 or 20 feet offine sandstone is seen in th e quarry b elow and this Sandstone h as een extensivel wrou ht in , b y g frm r ti l s to R i hards n t a A v r thick b e of o e mes c o e c o S e d . e y d sandstone which comes a ove the coal is visi le i th e railwa , b , b n y ° ut in di in E fr m to c t SS . o 7 g, pp g ’ C R B FE A ONI ROUS.
I V — ARB N FER — continued C US . CHAPTER . O I O
S D V N L I M ESTONE GR O P or L C REO S O . U , CA A U I I I
We sh all descr ibe the remainder ofthe a rea (th e larger part Of th e ma under th is h ead and the descr i tion will b e p) , p mainl th at of th e s ection on th e CO l St little ein seen ofthe y , b g l beds in and .
Genera l ect o o a ca ous D ivi i n S i n fthe C l re s o .
FT. I N. Sandstone and Shale with prob ably th in lime stone and coal s ab out 100 0 "Ad am M a in Coa l 2 to 3 0 and ne and sh al e rob ab l 50to 60 0 S s o , p y Dryb urn limestone 25 0 Prob able C oa l 70 0 Sand stone a nd sh ale Thin limestone 2 to 3 O Sandstone and sh al e 35 to 50 0 Sandb anks limestone (with Sh ale) 27 0 Coa l 0 6 S and stone and Sh ale 60 0 Acr e limestone 20 or more Prob abl e Coa l S andstone and sh ale Acr e Coa l S and stone and shale Thin limestone Sandstone and sh ale
Eelwell L imestone , contor ted Sandstone and Sh ale L imestone Sandstone and sh ale E elwell Coa l Sandstone and sh ale L i e ton even F o t m s e . S o Sand st one and sh ale L imestone loc-k , y l Coa . FlaggHy sand stones and Sh ales im t n I m u r v llow b rown I n One b ed L es o e , p e e ,
Sh al e and 5 or 6 inch es ofCoa l below. l u (Sma l Fa lt . ) andst ones tw o b eds wh ite and bloc one S ( ky , flaggy) and Sh ale L imestone r e weath er in b r own infou r b ed s , g y , g , l inc Coa , a few h es. Sandstone (one wh ite b locky b ed) and sh ale L imestone n fla Sandsto e, ggy Sh ale Oxford or Greenses L imestone Sandstone with some sh ale and prob ably Greensea Coa l Sandstone and sh al e ofR edskin Cove an in d d some sh ale S dstone , th bed e ( ) h al Sand stone , th inb edded and s e s red fM a rk rae Sandstone, ma sive o idenki B L P IMESTONE GR OU .
San t ne red and r eddish sand cla ds o , y y Sand h al ari sands ne er irre ular y s e d to , v y g Blo ell w l imestone lenticular cky y o , S i e n oarse at andstone mass ve , red, (R dski ) c to Shalgs ab ou t L imestone with Encrinites and Prod uctus
Sandstone and Sh ale, r ed h l m l Th s ntains an s ofOi hale S a e ost y. i co b d l S about one third fr om b ase L imestone d ar and I m ure , k, p L imestone i m ur e ellow ma nesian fine , p , y , g gr ained Sandstone and Sh ale Sandstone th inl b edded and r eddish some , y , sh ale and cl ay Clayey Sh al es and r eddish sandstone Sh al e Coal sh al 12 to 1 i h y, 5 nc h l 1 f t 2 S a e, 2 to 15 ee 0 6 i Coa l, a few nch es I ronstone
Sand stone, r ath er h ssilifr S ale , fo e ou e ith c r l y, w o a s
Sh ale u Coa l f , a ew inch e s. Ston cl a seat with lants y y , p L um r n r een n dular sand stone py g ey a d g o , perh aps calcareous I n par t i oar s Sandstone, mass ve , some c e a ier ar (Hudsh e d and P Q u ry . ) C l h es a d ome shale calcareou s oa , 1 to 3 inc , n s , ir n odul es a bo e and irr e ular bits of o stone n v , g
coal . Sand stone th inl b edded and irr e ular assin , y g ; p g u p into sh ale and coal Sh ale d ark re with ironstone nodules , g y Dun L imestone b ownish ellow I m ur e with , r y , p , P rod u ctus and C or al s Dun L im ne Coa l rett ood esto , p y g Underclay (not well soon) Clayey sh ale and sandstone 8 to 10 0 Sh ales r e and sand with some sand stone , g y y , , ab out Coal b ad sh al at l evel -mouth , , y, Cla sandstone seat yey . e Sandstones and Sh ales (not well se n).
Th e total th ickness d own to th e Dun L imestone is upwards of f t ee . V ery little is known about th e beds above th e Drybu L imestone in this area so th at th e thicknesses iven in this art , g p of th e secti n ar n rtain Th e L ie ar Main oal is said to o e u ce . k C have een wor ed lon a o at h eswick b ut nothin I s nown b k g g C , g k ofits thic ness From th e num er of old its and da falls k . b p y o t Ch es i i l s em to have een fairl ood Th e ab u w ck t wou d e b y g . workin s were ro a l sto ed th e Cat I nn Fault which h as g p b b y pp by , h e ere drai a rath er large th row down to th e east. T y w ned by a level which starts from th e Side of th e little stream east ofth e 18 cm nomr snous.
The L ickar Main oal is said to have een roved village. G b p a out th e ear 1870 in a it 7 fath oms dee sunk in a field b b y , p p y - ork Th e sinkin was th e roadside opposite t o Ancroft Tile w s. g th rou h cla and uicksand and th e coal is said to have een g y q , b i ksan Anoth er trial was made about 4 ; feet thick below qu c d. for th e seam by a shaft sunk furth er west to th e depth of h m r el la nd uicksand rock was found 13 fat o s. e e ow c a H , b y q , in thin ands and two seams of coal one 26 inch es th e oth er b , , 0 in h s Th ese were su osed to lie a ove th e L iekar Main 3 c e . pp b I h e ar a to th e sou th Seam which was never reached . n t e
1 S E h e L ickar Main oal and oth er sea ms have een ( 10 . ) t C b worked nor th of L owick wh ere the eneral section ofth ese , g seams is as follows
L imestone Coal Freestone Coal (Coarse Parrot) Sagger clay — M etal Freestone a l r u Oo , o gh Fr eestone and sh ale L icka r M ain Coa l Fr eestone and sh ale Dr u rn L imestone yb .
Th ere are traces of old quarries on th e east side ofCh eswick which were ro a l for sandstone as hat roc forms most of p b b y , t k h e alls in th nei h ourh o t w e g b od . The Dryb urn L imestone till lately could only be seen within this area in one or two bosses proj ecting th rough th e sands on th e sh ore east of Ch eswick villa e wh ere the roc was seen to g , k b mu h contorted I t i 1 in r d w e c . was n 885 be g wo ke at a ne uarr at Scremerston west ofthe links or sandhills and a little q y , wa north of th e Ch eswick oundar and nearl h alf- a - mile y b y, y south - east ofthe Scremerston L im - wor s e k . Th e list offossils collected at this new quarry will b e found i in th e Append x (p . Th e eds h ere h a ve a eneral south e asterl di b ut th e must b g y p, y turn sharply round und er th e sandhills east of th e quarry a nd strike to th e south - east nearly along the sh ore- line to th e bosses of limestone that are seen protruding th rough the sand at low water h alf- a-mile or so to th e s u th - east of th e new uarr o . , q y This is evident from th e run ofth e eds below wh ich are seen b , at th e Ch eswick Black Rocks and along th e line of low- water mar to th e east ard an h - ea ard The Dr b urn L ime k w d sout stw . y t n is thi kl v i r f i l d and nnot rac d s o e c y co ered w th d i t n an ca be t e . Th ere are indications ofold quarries in th e fields between th e lack Rocks and th e villa e of h ess ick in some of which th e B g C , limestone ma h ave een found limestone which is ro a l y b A , p b b y that ofDr b urn ma b e seen in a small uarr south - south e ast y , y q y
r A h s i lack R k e. see most of ofAnc oft Stead . t C e w ck B oc s w
20 ca nnomr nnous.
N h er trace ofthis limes i a nd direction. o ot tone s met with . between Scremerston and Ancroft Stead s ; but east ofthe latter i pla ce is a good-siz ed old quarry wh ich is sa d to h ave been inthis l im sto Th e lar e uar ries at Scremerston were in h e ne. g q t e thi lim s n Th l shallow synclinal formed by s e to e. e o der portions near l wor ed out on th e north ern side di ed to the south - east y k , , pp li e th e Near S err while th e south e n art now visi le di s k k , r p , b , p to the north - north -west and is a continuation of the
Middle Skerr Th e eds are covered red la whi . b by c y ch i o th r ow r r th ckens to 10 or 12 feet s u wa d . T a ds th e no th end of h 1 f h l t e quarry from 12 to 5 feet o s a e is seen above the limestone . “ Th v n r Ri hards n h n e following is gi e by M . c o t e ma ager ofthe limew rks as th e eneral section h ere e , g
Blaes and band s n ut alcar eous sh ale full offossil s O p C , Dunstone with 1 foot oflimestone in centr e (an impure limestone) L imestone Blaes 1 fo t sh ell 3 feet till ( o y, y) L imestone not wor ed , k l h a e . Coa l whi h h as b een ot out onth e sh or e b the wor eo le 0 , c g y kp p 6
Dr ard h as iven th e foll win anal i h . J . H y g o g ys s of t e Scremerston L imestonet
Carb onate ofl ime magnesia Pr otoxide ofir on and alumina Siliceous matter W ater Or ganic matter and loss
100 00
Several lar e s ecimens of Or thocem s b etween 3 and 5 feet g p , fund in th is uarr A lis ffos i lon h ave een o . t o s ls collected g, b q y rve will b e found in th e A endix Th by th e Su y pp (p . e beds between th e Sandbanks L imestone and th e Acre L imestone are little seen so th at th e thic ness of60 feet iven for th em in the , k g a roxima I n - a section is onl te. th e b a north eas f gener l y pp y, t o Philadel hia th ere is a small section in sandstone and shale p , wh ich dip north -north - east at and th e upper beds ofth e series are seen on th e sh ore east ofth e Scremerston L ime- ilns k , he low a nticlinal etween Middle S err and Far S er Th in t b k k r . e beds visible are mostly sandstone with co ncretions ; some ofth e eds are calcareous and th ere are numerous so called wor m b " , c Th e coal which lies elo w th e Sand an s L im tra ks. b b k estone near th Old Kiln at hi h - at r m r may b e seen e g w e a k. I t is probable tha t a coal also exists some distance below th e Dry ur n L imestone b ut it h as not been seen within th e area b , .
M r R ich ard son also su lied me with accounts fv ri n m . pp o a ous bori gs ade in the n neigh b ourh ood for limesto e. ' k N lub l i Pr c Berwic at . C vo . x ii. 7 1 91 1 o . , , p. 7 , 8 . L n r xn R 2 m s o G OUP . 1
Th e Acr e L imestone which is called th e Da n L imestone at L wic c an onl b e seen in this d istric t at th e Salt an Roc s o k , y p k , - ast ofSea ouse wh ere it forms a reef which ma be south e H , y - rin - id I t d i s eastward a out r each ed at low water sp g t es. p b ds are ent into folds and th ere is ro a l a coal b ut th e be b , p b b y lim n is li h t r in colour This and Th e esto e g g ey . th er limestones h ave een roved trial h oles sunk several o b p , by th rough th e Boulder Clay I n th e fields to th e so uth -west ofth e S cremerston Quarry ; b ut th e limestone I s not seen at the surface i r ch Ancroft Stea ds uarr ust outside the limits of unt l w e ea Q y, j ar I t h as there een extensivel wor ed and a lar e this ea . b y k , g olle tion offossils h n o tain d fr m i and interesting c c as bee b e o t. h eds etween this limestone and th e Eelwell L imestone as T e b b , etailed I n the eneral section are also onl to b e seen at the d g , y T i I n reases f h r so th l an R ocks. h e cl c ast to t e westwa d at Sa tp p , 5 f i is as much as and at th e at th e thin limestone ( t. ) t Eelwell L cmestone about Th e Acre Coal may b e seen close Dar cla e sh ale lies a ove it and dark cla ore. to th e sh k y y b , y
elo Th e coal is 12 or 15 inch es thic oor and sul hur . b w . k, p p y I t h as been worked at Ancroft Steads Q uarry j ust beyond th e m southern edge ofth e ap. Th e Eelwell L imestone di in stee l eastward forms th e sea , pp g p y Salt an Ho I t is here m h n bank from Sea House to p w. uc co torted and rowned in laces as ifd olomitiz ed and it is also , b p , u contorted in th e large q arry to th e southward . A sketch of some of th e contortions seen on th e coast is given by E F Th ere a re old uarries in this limestone ust . . q j south of the rail wa and it ma be seen in th e ur n to the y, y b so uthward between th ese two places th e limestone is probably displaced by a faul t which was proved to sh ift th e Oxford L ime s one h ere is e u old limestone- uarr south - east ofScre t . T q y merston Fa rm which was probably in this b ed ; but beyond l e au e of he o rl in rif h this it is not traceab e b c s t ve y g d t. T er e a re six limestones seen on th e coast between th e Eelwell and th e xford b ut th e d o not call for an more detailed notice th an is O , y y in n l ion Several ofth em are s en n given the ge era sect . e i th e
ra ilwa - cuttin south ofScremerston Station and nearl all of y g , y th em I n the bur n to th e south war d ; and after th at we see th em no more ; b ut some sma ll sections of th e sandstones and sh ales associated with th em are visi le in th e first ur n north ofAncroft b b , n the road - side etween Ancroft and Nab ill Th e a d by b H . Eelwell C oal is th e onl one of th e coals in this ar t ofth e y , p series that seems to h ave een worked near Scremerston and , b , h at has een wor ed onl to a ver small extent I t ma b e t b k y y . y seen in the railway - cutting 700 yards sou th of Scremerston i Stat on.
Th e Ox ord L imestone or Gr eenses M mestone is the one th at f , h as een most wor ed in this district and is the onl one th e b k , y
r N n I nst E . . T ans E . . n l ix. . 2 . . Qf g g , vo . , p 12 22 m s mr n c o nons.
course ofwhich can b e traced with certaint ac ross th e a r y ea . I t
was formerl wor ed on th e sea o coast north - west of Sea ouse y k H , at C ar ies Kiln b u t onl a small ortion of the limeston n g , y p e ca now b e seen in th e uarr th ou h it is visi le on th e sh q y, g b ore at low - water shifted two small faults ran in east-north -east , by g g , hi w n h s u h Five o h r f l w ch th ro dow to t e o t . t e au ts ranging etween east- north- east a nd north - east and all thro win down b , g to the south ma b e traced a t lo w- water etween Car ies Kiln , y b g h near a ou Th e xfr L im and t e Flagstaff Se H se. O o d estone is ust seen th e railwa 200 ards south ofth e station and in j by y, y , the fields to th e southward it was proved in several places by th e Scremerston L ime C om an th e trial h oles ofwhich show d p y, e tha t a considerable fault throwin d own on th e north - east , g , i l m I i n sh fts th e course ofth e i estone. t s ot seen in th e burn to the so uth but it h as een roved near th e urn on the n r h , b p b o t ‘ side and it was cut in d rains th e road side nor th - eas of , by t cremer on Farm Th ere are also old uarri i S st . q es n this lime stone to the south - west between th e Farm and th e great South Road and west of this th e limestone alon with some ofth e ; , g a ov and low was roved in draini eds e e n . Th e fa ult b b b , p g which shifts th e limestone h ere and which asses f , p east o Scremerston ill is a continuation ofth e one roved in H , p the w r i h r Pi h ere i an l o k ngs oft e Jack Ta t. T s o d quarry in th e xford L imestone on th e east side of th e fault which must b e O , ver near it a nd it would seem th a t th e th row ofth e faul i y , t s greater h ere th an that proved in the colliery ; perh aps it is as mu as 150 fe t The small arallel faul ch e . t on th e east side p , which throws down t he sa me w a was fairl clear in th e y , y m n drainin o erations. From L inkh a d ea uarr w est ofth e g p Q y, lar e fault th ere is an uninterru ted series of uarr ies in th e g , p q limestone ast xford to the llerdean urn on th e west side p O A B , of which th e limestone is th rown down by a fault parallel to f mers on ill and a out e ual to it in a m n M that o Scre t H b q ou t. ost ofth e uarries are ver old and filled with water and little can q y , b e seen o f th e roc exce t in the uarr at L inkhamdean k p q y , i n f h h i sh ale- b ed whi li th ough sect o s o t e t ck . ch es above th e limestone are a undant . , b L ists offossils collected at Oxford and at Cargies Kiln on th e fu in th e n ix i lim coast will b e o nd Appe d (p . Th s estone has also been w o rked in a large quarry west ofAncroft wh ere it is arentl rou ht to th e surfac e a lo w anticlinal app y b g by . Th e limestone h ere and at xford is said to b e nearl 20 feet thic O y k , a nd is made up ofsix different posts or beds which h ave received m The lowest is imp ure and is not used for lim local na es. , e urnin th e osts a ove which are w or ed a mou nt to 16 or b g ; p b , k , fe A thin coal enerall u nderlies th is limestone and 1 e t. a 7 g y , few fath oms lower down c c mm th e Greenses C oal wh ich does
ar on th e coast bu t h as eenwor ed near th e limestone not appe , b k h r i 2 i n f w e t a . h f ro t e w s ft ins. c q uarry west o A c 6 t k . Th e following is a r ough section of a coal pit by th e road side j ust at th e edge ofth e area L I M ESTONE GROU P . 23
Ft . I N . l 4 fe t o 5 feet C ay , e t ills rub b l b ou 54 T , y a t 0 T ill stron b l e and re s, g , u g y J Oxford l imestone 20 0 Tills Sand
C oal , 10inch es F reestone b and s L imestone Greenses Coa l
The Greenses C oal is enerall coarse and fit onl for lime g y , y ur nin and no w o fno oth er lace wh ere it has een worked b g, I k p b within th e ounds of th e r nt ma From th e Dr b urn b p ese p. y L imestone down to th e Oxford L imestone th ere are 12 or 13 ands oflimestone at fre u ent inter vals b ut elow th e xford b q , b O L imestone th ere is a mass of sandstones and sh ales about 500 feet thic w ith onl two or th ree thin and unim ortant lime k , y p n s One of the e r l tha hich ac com anies h sto e . s o a t w t e , p b b y p C rocuses oal is seen in th e urn north - east of Scremerston C , b Far m Th e sandstones which ar seen on the coast ust l . e j be ow th e xford L imestone alternatin with th e sh ale are some of O , g , , th em soft and red ver irre ular and false - edded o th ers , , y g b ; are flaggy or blocky ; and a thin sh aly coal occurs at a place ’ called C udd s C ove b ut this would a ear to b e too lo w down y , pp for th e Greenses C oal I n addi i n to th e coast- section th r i . t o e e s a good exposure of some of th e beds between th e Oxford and Woodend L imestones inth e railway-cu tting nor th ofScremerston Station e veral f n ha v a r d h i . S o th e sandsto e eds e e dis t n e b g , and near th e ase th e are massive extremel irr e ular and b y , y g , often coarse and cases of erosion or local unconformit occur y , of which th e follo win seen south of R ed shin ma b e an g , y example
k S etch ofL oca l Erosion (or Fault South ofR edskin.
A comparison ofth e sections on the coast and in the railway cuttin sh ows the inconstant ch aracter of some of th e ls g coa . 24 C AR BONI FEROU S.
For instance in th e cuttin o osite Maiden Kirk Flat we see , g pp the following section
Thic s ndst e hin k a on ofR eds .
Coa l , ab out 1 foot.
Enc rinital limestone , few inc h es .
Sh ale , 4 or 5 feet . - Sh ale , with limestone b and s, 5 or 6 feet . H d h t a l ar w i e s nd stone , severa feet . Th ese beds on the coast at Redshin are somewh at different ; th e coal is a sent and elow th e massive red sandstone of b , b Redshin we h ave
Sh ales, ab out 6 fee t . L ime t ne with Encrinites an P r ct i s o , d odu us, 6 nch es. A list of fossils collected h ere will b e found in th e Appendix At Maiden Kir th ere is s me vi (p . k o e dence for a north west fault and one ofth e troubles proved in th e old level of th e Scremerston Main Seam oints in this dir i n Bu i i p ect o . t t s ossi le th e a earances ma b e merel due to a sli or to an p b pp y y p, I is in r in irregularity ofbedding . t te est g to notice tha t about h ere th e eds oth on the coast and in th e railwa - cuttin b , b y g, assume in laces uite th e cha racter ofth e L o wer ar oniferous , p , q C b or Tuedian eds— th e sh ales ein reddish and reenish and th ere B b g g , are ed s ofred sand cla or marl and th in ellowish limestones b y y , y n Th e red and ni like ce ment s to es. gree sh sh ales specially no ticeable are th ese which accompany th e thin bands of Oil Shale seen in th e railway - cu tting opposite Maid en Kirk wh ere a rid e crosses th e line and on th e coast near the Caldside L evel b g , M h n r h f R edsh in his il h l n out o t o . T O S a e co tains small r d h er r mains c ustaceans an ot e . Some distance above th e Wo od end L imestone occ urs th e L i tle oal I n th e coast- sec tion r i u l t Howgate C . p ev o s y described two coals are mentioned one of which ma be the L it le , y t T ow ate but oth are oor . h e L ittle ow ate Coal was H g , b p H g much worked dur ing the last century in the fields west of Scremerston Hill wh ere it was said to be 3 feet thick and was - iln I t h as als e n w rought for lime k s. o b e worked south of J ack Tar Pit Scremerston ollier wh ere th ere are traces of , C y, i n the south side of th e urn tween h i old ts. O e t s and p b , b Scremerston Farm we see anoth er coal which ma b e that , y l w a Seam I t lies low a r called th e Muck e Ho g te . be g ey nodular sandstone is a out 1 foot thic soft and oor and h as a few , b k , p , - la el w i inch es offire c y b o t. This mu st b e above th e Oil Sh ale b ed which was proved in a level on th e north side of th e burn and it ma be a ou h , y b t t e h oriz on ofth e coal previously noticed in th e railway- cutting north ofScremerston Station, and also ofth at seen in th e field ust north ofthe road and nearl 200 ards west ofth e station j y y , wh ere th e following section occurs
C oar se red sandstone .
Sh ale . f r m r Coa l, so t , 1 foot o o e. l Under c ay. L I MESTONE GR OUP . 25
Th e lowest rou of th e alcareous Series is formed th e g p C , by d end and D an L imestones which h owever are onl seen Woo , y in this area along th e coast — th ough both were sunk th rough i Th W nd L im ton l at Jack Tar P t. e oode es e was a so proved drains north of Scremerston ill wh ere at the t me th e in H , fin f h e bed th ere th e fault was ver clear As the shi t g o t by y . b eds occurring between these two limestones are shown both in T ft s tion of th e ac ar Pit . 10 and in that o he coast th e ec J k (p ) , reader ma com arison of th e two ecome ac uainted th e y , by p , b q i in hic ne e n h w h variat ons t ss &c. etw e t e t o oin ith t e ts. w k , , b p Both limestones are coralli ne th at of Woodend es eciall , p y, lm s ma e u ofL ethostrott on u nceum Thi being I n places a o t d p j . s l m stone I s often li h t coloured or re while th e Dun L ime i e g g y, stone is luish w eath erin to rown or d un colour h ence its b , g" b , ame L i e all th e oth er eds seen on th e coast the make a n . k b y bend nearly at right angles from th e coast wh ere they dip ° north ofcast at 30 round to abou t Scremerston Hill wh ere th e di i s nearl south and a out Th e coal which occ urs p y , b immediately below th e Dun L imestone I s fairly good I n quality r constant b u t it h as not een wor ed I n th e area under and ve y , b k ri ion d esc pt . Th e Woodend and Dun L imestones can b e trac ed a consider a le distance alon th e shore to th e northward at low- water b g , ’ of odend formin th e roc nown as th e ear s ead Wo g k k B H . The Dun L imestone can b e traced to a spot opposite th e Sea V i ron Wor s at th e south end ofS ital where th e cl i is ewI k p , p ° north - east 30 and th e limestone I s shifted several small , by faults ran in north - north east and throwin down on th e east , g g g side. 26 FauL r s
T R V — FA T AP E . S CH UL .
offaults known in this area Th e lar r There are two sets . ge and more important ofth ese range about nor th -west and south east nearl at ri h t an les to th e stri e ofthe eds in the , y g g k b in erior Th e oth ers ran in from east-north - east to nor th -cast t . g g , r s th e coast and cross also nearl at ri h t an les the a e een on , y g g ri ofthe eds for near Sea ouse wh ere th e strike is north st ke b , H n r th - west th e directio n ofth e faults is etween east-north east o , b and north - east ; while near Spital wh ere th e strike is north n orth -n r h - a t Th e more im or tant f west th e faults ra ge n o t e s . p o h e in th e last-mentioned lace are three in num er and each t os p b , h s 4 or 5 ar At Sea ouse som f throws down to t e ea t y ds. H e o fa l are a little lar er than this but all noticed th row th e u ts g , h - Two ofth es near th e fla staffh down to th e sout east. e g ave f feet and 5 feet res ectivel while farth er north the th rows o 3 p y, l i 4 r 5 fe I h x fa th row ofanother fau t s o et . e ne t two ults f are th e lar est h ere seen ein a out 18 eet each . e ond g , b g b B y i h re are several small faults near C ar ies Plantation th e th s t e g , r h vin h rows ofa o ut 1 5 feet most north e ly two a g t b . Th e Allerdean and Scremerston ill fa ults wh ich elon to H , b g th e nor th -west set h ave een mentioned in the descri tion of , b p h e throw in o site dire ti ns th e Oxford L imestone. T y ppo c o and
“ both seem to increase in th row to wards th e south - eas t to as f T o faults are mar ed a h avin much as 150 eet . w k s g been met with in drivin the Scremerston Coal L evel th e first th rowin g , g do wn north - east a out 5 feet and th e second down south - west b , , m A rd in to Mr o d in h e f h s cco . t a er lr 10 at o . a ead g B y , p p y frr d o th e latter fault h as a throw of fa thoms I t h re e e t . er a s , p p was encountered in th e Berwickhill L evel — and may run to n Ki n th t a lr d m n F r Maide rk o e coas s a ea y e tioned . u th er west “ th ere was ro a l anoth er trou le in th e Sc remer ston L evel p b b y b , directed towards Borewell as ma b e inferred from th e sudd n , y e n f h e lev l ne l hi m in shifti g o t e at o p ace. T s see s to b e a line with th e fault p roved to shift th e Oxford L imestone in the fields south ofScremerston Station th rowin it do wn to the , g north - east and which is ro a l rolon ed some distance to the , p b b y p g u h - east sh iftin the limestones a ove so t g b .
28 Po sr GL AC I AL D EP OS I T S
° ‘ — APTER V I I . P SI GL A AL DEP S T CH O CI O I S.
AL L U V I UM .
Th e streams are small and th ere are no large spreads of all uvial soil except near Ancroft Stead at the j unction of two u rns and in th e flats near Wind mill ill and Goswi b , H ck. A ood deal ofth e Goswick Alluviu m h owever seems h g , , to e of a mixed ch aracter — freshwater Allu vium brought d o wn by th e streams h avin ove rs read an Old marine Allu vium n l , g p ear y cut I - hill N m th s nd . Offfro e sea by s ear Ch eswick are several b oggy or eat flats which must once h ave been la es and i p y k , t was r a l in one ofthese th at th e s ele on f p ob b y k t "o a Red Deer was rib d M al S . D n n found as desc e by r . J . o dso Th ere is a basin sh a ed d e r ession mostl on th e east of th e hi h r p p , y g oad near Heath er to s which contains a laminated redd i o y p , sh br wn clay s s Th la i mor c s with out tone . e c y s e on picuously laminated b elo w and varies from 3 or 4 feet to 12 feet thick restin o , g n r r v l I h n mu ch s - ston cla o a e . t as ee u ed for tile ma in y y g b k g .
R AI S ED EACHES B .
Th e town ofS ital stands on a R aised each which h owever p B , , , mu h o scured in lac es hea s of lo wn sa Fu is c b p by p b nd . rth er sou th th ere is a narrow stretch ofRa ised Bea ch at Maidenkirk Flat near C ar ies Plantation b u t th is is not far a ove hi h g , b g I t h as een mentioned th at the Goswic Fla i water mark. b k t is n art marine bein no dou t a continuation inland of the p , g b x nsive tract laid are at low water known a h ic e te b , s C esw k and
Goswick Sands.
AND BL OWN S .
Th ere is a small patch ofthis at the south end ofSpital ; and from Philadelphia south wards there is an almost continuo us n ofsand - bills alon th e coast b ut the links are ofno reat fri ge g , g h hi h st oint th e sand reac h es south ofChes a ick w . T e e idth g p , m l k Roc s is 50 feet above rdnance Datu . B ac k , O
i lub vol i. . 91. Trans. Berw cksh . Nat. C . , . p PP N A E DI X .
— I . L I STS OF FOSSI L S .
— is il l t i r v s s c e l a . A . L t ofFo s o lec ed by th Geo og c l Su ey m n m b or e Sh ar a . Na ed y Mr . Ge g w d 1 b i t Th e localities are numb ered from ab ove d own ar s, No . e ng h e
h s ilifer i ofth ric t N08 . 1 to 11 inc lusi e hig e t Foss ous L mestone e dist . v , n th al 12 to th e Carb onaceous belo g to e C car eou s Diuision; and No . i i n of r ifr o D vis o th e Ca b on e ous r cks. 1 l i f cremers nL i - or a r r m le E. o to me w s . New u r o in s near S S Q y W k g , y 5 k rn L (Dryb u imestone). r m r n ua - ork andban s or L o De 2 . Sc e e sto rr and L im w s S w an Q y e ( k ,
L imestone). r mer t n im - 3. Sh o e section Middle S err east of Scre s o L e wor s , k , k n (Sa db anks L imestone). ‘ 4 h re i n ar H Ee w ll or alt- n- im . S o sect o , ne Sea ouse ( l e S pa How L e stone; 2 ard s south f 5. 00y o No m f Fro a sandstone uar r a lit le sou h ea Hou es. 6 . q y t t o S s
7 . L imestone Sh ore section b tween Sea H use nd ar ies Plantati n , , e o s a C g o xfrd L i t e (O o mes on ). fr 8 . x o d uarr 1 mile n r h of O o t Ancr of. Q y , } t 9 I . n th l th e li h e sh a e ab ove mestone oft e same Q uarry . 10 Sh r e e ion near R ed h i o il E fBer i Th . o s ct s n C ve 2 m es S . o w c in , k ( limestone intermediat b etween t e f d nd th o dend e h Ox or a e W o ).
11 . L imestone h ore tion n Hu ead 1 mile S E f i S sec ear ds H . o S tal , , , p im st (Wood end L e one ).
12 . Collier New innin near De ut R ow robabl from L ime , W g , p y (p y o r st ne ab ove soope Eye Seam).
PL ANTE .
l matoth e a b ifida . H. . Ca ym c , L , 6 n id d endro e . 2. L ep o , p ,
FOBAMI RI FEB A . i Phil wman . . Endothyr a Bo , , 9
Textul ar ia tr iticum P, J ones, 9
ul a l ee troch u s Ehrenb. 9. V alv in pa o , ,
ACTI NO"OA . 7 8 s 4 . Alveolites depre sa , Flow , , ,
e tosa Flem. 1 . s p , ,
i h llum P 11. Clis op y ,
h o h llum Murch isoni E . H. 7 8. Cyat p y , 5 , ,
l h llum fun ites F lem l . c op y g , L I th ostr otion unceum F lem. l 2 4 10 11. j , , , , , , 4 PortlockI , M . Edw. , .
l i . 4 . L onsda e a, sp ,
"a hr ntis s . 4 8 10. p e , p , , ,
ln i lr See also th e lists offossil s in th e Tate Collection at A w c , p. 3 1 .
c 97819. D 30 APPENDI X.
E uI n c NOI I RR u A. id i Arch aaoc aris Ure Flam. late , (p ),
s ine and lat s . ( p p e ), 9 s ine 8 ( p ), . r inoid 2 C stems, , 8, 9. Pot ri c n s e o ri u crassus, Mill, 4, 8. s 2 1 p. , , 0.
' CRUsrAOEA .
Grifii h id t es, 5. B ri h ia ar u m e 12. y c c ata , Bea ,
Ostracoda, 12.
L e er ditia O eni M u nch 9. k , , e ia i in eri il d H s g , M net. , 9. lebeia P Bones 9 p , , " POL Y OA.
’ me m Diasto or asto a M Oo 8. p a g , y, Fenestella fra ment 9 ( g ), . l 1 G u ono e s . a c m , p , 0. Rh a d r l b omeson h omb ifera P, Phi . , 8. in ltan l i t V cul r mu u ar s r l. 10. a ia g , P o ,
BnAcsI OPOI I A.
Ath r is ambi ua PS 2 . y g , by, n Ch o etes, 2.
Discina nitida , P hil 2. ’ r h is h lini v 0 O t ic L e eil 1 . M e , le , P r oduc tus c ostat us, Sow. , 8.
i anteus e t. 1 2 4 7 8 1 . g g , , , , , , , 0 lon is inus ow 2 4 g p , S , , . s i s emiret c ulatu , e t, 1, 2, 5, 7 . u fr m R h nch onella le r od on Phil . a e t y p , ( g n ),
S irifer a la bra M art 2. p g , , i l tr ona is M a rt 1 2 4 5 7 10. g , , , , , , , i i Stre t r h r . o nch us cr n st ia P l 1 2 3 . p y e , h , ,
MOL L UBOA.
i m L anwll b nchia ta .
' ’ A icuI O ect n semicircularis M 00 2 v p e , y, .
Az inus Schiz us P 12. ( od ) , h ondi sul i . 2. Edm a cata, P l ,
L todomus P 1 . ep , 2 i tl 12 M odiola M acad am , Por . , . l i . 2 Nnoula u ndulata , P h , . ’ Pinna flexicostata M Oo 2. , y,
Solem a rima va P hil . 2. y p , ,
f 2. Bell ro h on decussata Flem. ra ment e p P, ( g ),
L oxonema, 9
a f m nt . Pleurotom ria ( rag e ), 2
Cephalopoda .
Nautilus, 3.
Orth oc eras, 3 .
t s i ante s ow. 2. (Ac inocera ) g g u , S , u ser or rossI L s. 31
Pl ease.
Fish scales and b ones, 2, 10, 12.
Cladod us, 2.
su A . 10. a modus rugo s, g , M alichth s 12 eg y , .
— o F s il i th ln c m B . Dist o s s n e A wi k Museu colle ted f , c by the la te
h S i s r e n m d T e ec e we a Mr . e b R . Eth i p y er dge .
Car boni erous F ossils r m S it f fo p al .
’ Or this Mich elini , L eveille. P du ctus uncta t a ro u . p s, M r t S irifra tr i onal r e is va . bisul c p g ate, Sb1 labra g , M art. Str e torh 011“ crenistr ia P hil p , " . Axinus £h iz odus ob li ua o ) q , M C y . ’
a exicos a a . Pinn fi t t , M Coy Posi onom a Bech eri Gold d y , f ’ ardi m h E r i C o orp a ge ton , M Coy.
Edmondia sul cata, P hil . L e todomus c stell tus Brown p o a , . Nu a e cul (L da undulata , P hil . ) "
San uinolites irridinoides o . g , M C y ,’ variabilil u 0g olem a nrimaeva 1 hil . S y ,
Macr ochi acute , S ow.
N ti si licistri P hil . a cop s p a ,
C r ni er s F si s r c a bo f ou os l fom Berwi k.
Stre torh nch us crenistria P hil . p y , ul n ’ Avic o ec to , i ’ Pecten tol um)Sowerb i H Co . y , y ’ Edmondia r udis Co , M y ’ in lit o r tu o Sangu o es u s P M C y. Th e exact locality ofth ese fossils from Berwick and Spital cannot b e determined Th e ma h ave b een ta en from b eds on several different . y y k
ar bon er u F il r r t n C if o s oss sfrom S c eme s o .
ro s lati i us P ductu ss m , Sow. i iz Az nus (Sch odus) carb onarius, P ortl . m i S ol e a r ma va hil . y p , P
Orth oceras undulatum, S ow. fr e n u r These may b e om th Sa dbanks Q ar y .
- Carboniferous Fossilsfrom How Salt Pans.
tin inu l su l . Ac ocr s g ob o s, P hi ’ Productus cora , D Orb . ’
vicul o ecten d cens M Co . A p o , y ’ - ecten sub elon atu s M Co . P g , y
Ed ondia San uinolites ar il . m ( g ) cuata , Ph
oblon , Portl . ’
rudi s M 0 . , 31 "
an I I molI tes riabilis M Co . S g va , y
ol m a rima va P hil . S e y p , treblo ter ia Mel ea rina uloh lla M o S P ( g )p e , C y tali m ld Den um ris u Go . p c , f
u m h lus Dion sii oldf. E o p a y , G i 82 APPENDI X .
L oxonema tumida , Phil .
Nautilus bilobatus, Sow. i u w b angnlat s, So .
h r lindraceum Flam. Ort oce as cy , ns ianum K n goldf s , De o . th l c i i more c ur tel s ecified th e above mus As is o al ty s a c a y p , t b e from th e
l i e s l l calit o . 4 . Eelwel L meston ( ee a so o y N p.
I append some notices of fossils from th e Transac tions ofthe Berwick
shir e Na tura lists Clu b , V ol . I V .
At 228 1861 it is stated Mr . Sander son exhibited p. ( ) G r aca nthu s obli wus a fish s ine fr om th e shale of Scremerston y q , p , ,
from th e b eds south of th e Tweed b elon in to Mr . J ames P t , g g a terson. Besides many of th e commoner for ms th ere were large specimens of Actinoceras i anteus and Pinna eeicostata and of th e r are Or thoc g g " fl ; eras - cornu succi nu m. t 335 1862 mention is made of an i rtant collecti A p. ( ) m on offish
remains obtained b Mr . Patterson from th e s ales connected with th e coal seams ofth e d I str ict ; and a specimen ofs hifer bisnlcatus is noted ’ from a sh ale near Hu d s Head sh owi distinctl th e p ira l c oil whic h " , ng y p u r fl h r s s ppo ted th e es y a m .
— I I . L I ST OF CHI EF PUBL I CATI ONS ON THE GEOL OGY OF
THE DI STRI CT .
1 183 .
‘ - m r th e l of e e T I NCH N. J . R e a ks on e G o o th B n s ofth weed. W , gy a k d ur Tr ams. Na t. Hist. S oc. , Nor thumberlan , D ham, and Newca stle, vol . i
A r v ix . and 4to e castl and P i . M a . and nn w es cl . . N w e ; h l y , Ne S e i ,
L - lo fP rt f N r h m erl nd nd oon NI oHO As. Ou th e Geo o a s o o t u b a a W , gy
um rl nd . t vol . i. . 302. C b e a . Trans. Nat His . 8 0a . p
8 1 35.
l -H me - h e MI L NE Mi ne o D. Ou t e G olo ofBerwic shir e . R ort " ", gy k ep r 18 4 c 4 n s fo 3 e t . 6 d r . v l t s o . n a m ri A c S . 2 a T a s Hi hl nd o . . B . S ea . , p ; g , p
r c . . - 169 and Q uar t. J ou n, A ri , vol . vi . . 182. Pub lished l e ar atel I n g p 0 p y a olo ical ur ve of r i h ir 1837 s A Ge g S y Be w cks e.
1836 .
- ti f S . No ce t DONAL D ON J . S o h e S eleton of a R ed Deer ervns , k (C la h s found a h eswic e E n ) t C k, Nor th Durham. Proc. B rwichsh . Na t. Field
i . 1 agvol . . No . 3 9 . Cl , p
1838.
- h Be . n t e r i h t. MI L NB D O w ck and North Dur am Coalfield . Report Bri
fr 39 Sect . . 76 . Assoc . o 18 , p
1861 .
P r . On a m F . t f h fro L i e Bor n, E a o t e Carb oni e us or Mountain eston th fNor h Nor umb rl n . o ies o t e d . s En . in n . S er a Tran . s . E N f g I n t M . g , D i 5. i cuss on i l i . . 18 s i . 4 1 o . x ol . 6 v p n v . x pp 17 , 9 ,
1867 .
— Misc el P r lane l i . b ATE . a e o a oc . B w . a . T , G G o g c er N t C lu . , vol . v. 283 p .
1868.
— BAI L ES G . Sections ofM ountain L imestone Str ata at Scremerston , " , rth or th u mb erland with a Note on th e Scr mer ston Sections No N , e , by
— B wic a t u b l o . 34 3 Proc . r . eld C o v . 5. 57 ATE. e Fi l v . . N 9 . G. T k N , . pp
— a u T f D m l I T G. . Hist. r ns o or u l nd nd . rh vo I TA E, N a N th mber a a u a , . .
i . eol o . Chap. G gy BI BL I OGRAPHY . 83
1884 .
Nou ns F. N. Embedded Re tiles s ecial reference to th e , p , p discovery ofa L ive Frog in the Carboniferous L I mestone at Scremerston. I 4 1 a . n . 9 Proc. Berw. N t. Club, vol p
1888.
' . m r mw A . Furth er A tte pt fo th e Correlation ofth e Owl ms ofth e rb oniferou s For mation ofth e North ofEn l and with Sea Ca g ,
No e o th e Probable ration ofth e oalfield . Trans n . some t s n Du C . N. E g ii En . ol xxx . 3 . I nst. Min. g , v . v . p
L ists ofWorks o n the Geology. ofNor th Nor thu mb erland ar e also given in th emoir s on u - n 10 e M Q arter sheets 110 S . W . a d 1 N. W. I D E X .
8 9 10 14 29. 21 C oo er E e Seam, 4 , 5, , , , , Acre C oal, 16 , . p y
w R oad End 8 10. e 16 2 1 . Co . , L imeston , , ’ C udd s Cove 23 . 2 . Allerdean Burn, 1, 2 y ,
t 26 . Faul ,
l 3 1 . Alnwick M useum Fossi s, t Row 5 8 29. Depu y , , , Alluvium 1 28 . , , 0 Diamond Seam, 4 , 6 , 1 . Ancroft 1 22 27 29. , , , , 2 32 Donaldson, J . S 8, . r 22. Q uar y, Drumlins, 27 . 18 2 . Tile Works, , 7 D b urnL imestone 16 17 18 19, 28 29. 20 ry , , , , , Ancroit Steads, 1, 18, . n 4 1 17 25. DunL imesto e, , 1 , , r 21 . Q uar y, Dun L imestone Coal , 17, 25.
ofL owick, 21 .
4 82 . Bailes, G. , , ’ Bear s Head , 25. Economic Geolo , see Coals L imestones 8 29 81. gy , , Berwick, l , , , ' Q uarnes, Tileworks, & c . Berwick Hill, 8, 9.
Eelwell Coal 16 21. 6 . , , L evel, 2 2 L imestone, 16 , 21, 29, 8 . l 9. Billy aw,
Blown Sand, 28 . 2 Bore Hole Tile Works, 7 . Far Skerr, 19, 20.
Borewell 26 . , Faults, 17 , 22, 25, 26 . 20 21 22 27 . Borin s, , , , 4 4 g Fawcett Coal, , 1 .
2 . Boulders, 7 lk n 9 Fe i gton, . Boulder Cla 1. y, n rou 1 8 . Fell Sandsto e G p,
F . 21 26 82. Bo d , E. , , , y Ford M oss, 9.
W . 83 . Brown, M . , Fossils, 20, 24, 25. 4 9 14 . BulmanSeam, , 7, ,
i l D si 1 27 Glac a epo ts, , 16 29. Calcareous Division, 1, , Striae, 27 4 11 14 . C aldsid e Coal Seam, , , Goswick, l , 28 . L evel Mouth , 24 . Flat, 28. ncer Coal 4 9. C a , , l 2 2 Greenses Coa , 16, 2 , 8 . 1 4 29. Carbonaceous Division, , , me ne 16 2 L i sto , , 1. C arr Rock, 14 .
s Kiln 22 . Cargie ,
29. Plantation 26 , 28, d nD n Bur , Hai e ea n, 1
I nn 1 . Cat rd Dr. J 2 , Ha y, 0.
l 17 . Fau t, Hard or Ston oal l o y y C , 4, .
l 14 . C atchlaw Cra , , eather tO s l 2 g H y p , , 8, 8.
9. Ch alkstones, How ate Coal L ittl 24 g , e, . 27 28. C heswick l , 17, , M u , ckle, 24 .
8 19. Black Books, 1 , How Salt Pans Fossils, 81.
— 21 . Goals Acre, 16 , Huds Head , 17, 29, 82. ncer 4 7 9 14 . Bulman or Ca , , , , h l Huds ead Shie , 10, t 4 11 14 . C aldside or Fawcet , , , 9 E e 4 5 8 9 10 14 , 2 . C ooper y , , , , , ,
4 6 10. I sabella Pit 9 10. 14 27 . Diamond, , , , , ,
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MEMOI R S or th e GEOL OGI CAL SUR E ofGREAT BR I TAI N V ol . I V ol . I I I n2 Parts V Y . ( ),
WAL . I t Ar . A . b . W . SAL TB a nd ES. B S I B A. C RA s B R . ET HBBI ne B . 2nd Ed . 2 . V ol . I I I . oI y pp , y J 13 ( halk t Eoc ne of s B AS I N . Pt. I . C e W. Trac t . By W. WHI TA KI R . 183 . ( V ol . I V . ofMemoir nds to th e L OG oi L ONDON and the NEI HBOURHO D W WHI T G EO G O B An B 5th Ed . 13 Y . y . . . nTl AR I O-MARI NE ORMATI ON ofth S W l Y FL U e I L E of I GHT . B EnwAnnFor m 33 . V F y u . W I T B H. . BursT ow ew 16 SL E OF W I GH . y . N Ed . By C . R um and A. STBAHAN. 83 . 6d .
no WEAL D P AR TS or th e OUNTI ES oi KENT SURR E SUSSEX and HANTS . B W . Tor t s ( C , Y, . ) y A RO KS of le TRI ASS I C and PERMI N C th e MI DL AND COUNTI ES ofENGL AND. By E. Hnm«
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AST S SET and BR I STOL OAL I EL DS. B Woon OM ER H . B . wABn. 1 C F y 83 . ' - I L T HI R E OAL FI EL D. B . B . H ST AFFOR DS y nuns. 8rd Edit . Out 4 C J J ( ) ( p rint. ) 83 . 6 . - ARW E AL I EL D. B H. H How I C KS E I B CO . BL L . 13 . 6d F y . - EI CESTE RSHI RE CO AL FI EL D. By Envn unH L L . 83 U .
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— he BR I TAI N V ol . I . OR J UR ASSI C R OCKS OF KSHI R E 83 . 6d V ol I I R K R ossils 1 Y , . . YO SHI E, F , I OF EN L AND ST V ol . I I I . L AS G ork hi R AN G AYS . ( s re exce ted . 73 d WO D ARD . 6 . B H. B . W Y p ) . O W L ow R ocks ofR u land . 103 . B H. B. W er Oolitic D AR D . V OL h i and U r y OO W V. T e ddle ppe
E . B . V OOB WAB D. ngland. 73 . 6d . By H I R"I S H OR GANI C R EMAI N8 . DBCADBS I . to XI I I with 10Plates each T Price 43 . 64 . 08 011 23 . 6
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HBRTS. . W. WHI X a N. E B A n W . SSE T u W H. 7 N. E y . PENNI NG H. DAL T N a F. , , O , J. D W . H. AL TON. 13 . COL CHESTER . B . ed ESSEX WAL TON "and SE EASTER N END o ( NA E HARWI CH B W. WHI T ). y AI I BB . W E H and FEL I W 4 DL I G X STO W . W 8 W E I PS I H HA . B I TA E N . , K R W. H. AL T N n N , D a d . J , C H , O , F 49 S 5 SE AL DBOROUGH Ac. B W . H. DAL T N . Edi ts With additi ns W W I T 0 , y o b . AKER . 13 . , ‘ O , y H 3 ' HI 4 SO UI HWOL D. By W. W TAxBB . 23 . 6d . W WHI B 50 W STOWMARKET. B . TA EB . . BENNETT S , and . H. BL AxB 13 y F J , J . . 50NW . DI SS EYE Ac. B l . BENNETT. 23 . . y J 50N HA E WORTH and HAR L ESTON. B W . WHI TAxEB W E L S y and . H. DAL TON. 13 . - W . H. PBNNI G and 51 SW CAMBR I DGE. B N A. . J us BBOW J NE. 5 DM NDS and NEWMAR ET I 1 SE BUR ST. E K . . . BENNETT . H. BL AKE and W . W Y H F J , J 51 N T f AMBR I DGES I RE and SUFFOL ""B W . E PAR S o C W I T h AKER and Ot ers . y H " "23 . 53 NORTHAMPTONSHI R E. B W . T An nu a a SE PAR T or y . l; nd R I CHARD TBBNOH. 8d . RT or NOR T HAM PTONS HI R E and WAR WI KSHI R E B w PA S C . y . T. AV B L I NB. 84 .
H R. W P RT ofL EI CESTEBS I R B . TAL B T AV B L I NB an A y d H. H. H WEL L . 8d . (O. P m O O RUTL AND dsc. B . W. m . 123 . 6d . , y J J E CAMBRI D S I . GE H RE. By W. WHI TAxBB. S. B. J . SxEBTcHL r E BOWN . o 66 NE S E NOR WI CH. B H. B . W onwm . 73 . ,
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7 H L ABERGEL and OL W N. B A. STBAH 9 W R AN . Notes b R . I D N H DEM AN. 1 Y , C Y y ( . T ) 3 and R UTHI N. B A. ST 19 FL I NT MOL D BAHAN Parts b 0. E SE , , y ( y . B RANGE). 43 . 6d . H AS I R E. B H L L . W 80NW P R ES OT L AN y E. ard Ed . ith additions b A. STR A A N C , C U ( y H . ) 33 . H M HESHI RE. B E. H E AL TR I N A L L . 8d . NE C , C y U 90SW CHESTER . By A. STEAHAN. 23 .
81 W SW STOCKPORT MACC L ES I EL D CONGL ETON. a L EEK. B E. H L a N . L nd A. H. G , , F U H M HI RBand D ERB SHI B ’ W . . 82 PARTS or NOTTI NG A S RE. Aa I NE . Ed SE Y y ( 2nd . ) SHI R YO RK I an 32 NE PARTS ofNOTT I NGHAM E, SH RB, d DERB SHI R E. 2nd Ed B W. Y ( .) y - N W . A. E. ssHB B A. . uxns Bnown and 53 L I N OL . U A. STBAHAN. 33 . C , J J , - L N ByNSHI R E. B A. . uxr s Bnom 33 . ed st EAST I CO . J J W . L I NCOL NSHI R E and S. ORKSHI R E. B . A. E. Usa 86 N y m "and Others".
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~ N . B ED WAR D H L L 2nd 1 WI GA Ed . 3 . P. U ( ) (O. O N Y b e tween L R an Th e O U R I E POOL d SOUT PORT B C . I t . DB R ANCH. 8d . 0 V . y ( L H and SO R HPOR T AM U S . H HO E . E. A C H toNE SOUT T T onR N . 6d . Y , CO NTR b etween BL ACK nd L EEw W U POOL a 91 S Th e OO B C . E. DB RANOB. cd . Y F D .
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. I L D . B D n 94 W DR I F E . R . u n “ and . OI 9d N F y J C . - 94 NE BR I DL I NGTON BAY. E F. R . l u m s and 0. Fox Sr nu ewnrs. 13 . RB ROU H and F AMBO - 95 SW, SE SCA O G L ROUGH HEAD . By O. Fo x STBANOWAr s. 13 . - WHI TB and SCAR BO ROUGH. B . Fox S n 1 m n wu a d . BABB w . 95 v e s G O . 3 M NW Y C . W AL T N PI KER I NG and - HEL M E . os SE NE M O C . SL B 0. Fox Srm owu a. 13 . , Y y - 96 NE ESKD AL E ROS EDAL E Ac . B . FOX STRANG AY S C . REI D and G. BABB ow. 13 . 6d . . , y C W , HAL L ERTON and THI R S O ~ 96 NW SW NORT K . B C . F I STRANGWAYS A. G. CAM ER N and G. BAH . y , O , H. B D W I NGL EBOROUG . R . Am s R . . T W n a A. . 97 S H I DDBHAN . C o n nd STRAHAN y J . , ,
L E S ANG . B . D K r N H 97 NW MAL R T R. A s, R . . TI DDEMAN (and oth ers 33 . 6d . J W 98 SB K I R KB L ONSDAL and KENDAL . B . T . AvBL I NB T . Mo HUG ES and R . H . T Y , H ,
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— — — — — r . ar m . Sh eet 15 I releth. 16 Ulve stone l 7 C t el 22 Sh eet 3 L une orest 5 Teesdale. 7 Red ca , , , , , F . , - — — l h w r — — — m lith eroe . 48 Oo ue. 49. L anes a B . r n M r 1 Aldi h a 47, C , b urn &c . l l ,Ooth e sto e oo . 2 Bowes. 13 , , , ’ — — Win w l ton — — h ll . 56 I I a a te . 57 e all .4 Pres . L th e 24 Kirkb v w Wa e i h o . 20 . Ra ens o 55, y , gg , , Gu s ro , , y
— — — — — — 63 Accrin ton. 64 Rumle . 6 5 Sti er 62 Bald erst one. , g , y , p b orou h 82, 83, h itb . 88, Marsh a 39, R i , g y ’ — — m — - la kb urn l Hasl den. L a land . 0 B c . 7 o den Moon4 9, y 7 , , g L ittle Bec k. 4 7. Rob in Ho d s Ba 58, Do .
— — - — — u Toa o d n. h orle 8 — 72 livi er . Bac . 73 r e 77 , C y . 7 , bur n. 82 Ki d stones. 84 E. I tton. 97 , C g p , L ey , , — — — — wis le . 0 T t n ton. — Moors. 79 Ent t 5 o t 81 ra 1 ofh e lton lo , , 9 Had en a 00 L t ous . Bo 7 i g , Kirk Gill . 9 , C , — — — — msk k 85 Standl sh . 86 Adlin ton — W ardl e. 84 Or ir . , , onistone Moor . 188 Kirkb Malh am. , g 116, C , y
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