NEW R 2 SE IES . 119 N OL D .E . SERIES . MEMOI RS OF THE GEOLOGI CAL SURVEY . ENGL AND AND W AL ES. GEOL OG Y OF THE COAST SOUTH OF B E R W I C K - O N - T W E E D . EXPL ANATI N F RT R- ( O O Q UA E S HEET 110 N. E. , N EW S ERI ES . S HEET W GU NN F . , . G . S. ’ TUBU SHRD BY ORDE OF THE L O DS COMMI S I ON OF HER M AJ ESTY EA R R R S ERS S TR SU Y . 's f\ 0 x u v L O N D O N PRI NTED FOR HER M J ESTY’ S ST TI ONERY OFFI E A A C , BY EYRE AND SPOTTI SWOODE, I N o THE N’ M O X C L L EN M A E PR TER S T Q UEE S ST E E T J STY . u And to b e purchased , either directly or th ro gh any Bookseller, rmn W Hu ms S F EYRE Al l ) SPOTT S OODE EA e L S REE E. O. or I , ST TREET, EET T T, ; J OHN MEN2158 8c 00 12 HANOV S EDI NBURGH and , ER TREET, , 90 W NI L S GL A G OW or , EST E TREET, S ; o m n m 104 G AFTON STEEET D B ODGES F GG S 8: C . UEu N. , I I , , , , R , P R E F A C E. THE Map described in th e present Memoir represents a small triangula r piece ' of th e extreme north ofth e county of North um erland a out 14 s uare miles in area l in imme b , b q , y g diatel to th e south of erwick - on-Tweed and includin th e y B , g - coast line from th e mouth ofth e Tweed to Goswick . I t w as i i n su e d l i ll Mr . unn und r th e su erv s o rv e eo o ca . W G e y g g y by , p fMr H H ll n o . w an i d i 1884 . o e d was u l sh e . H , p b Under th e wh ole of th e district various members of th e ar oniferous L imestone series extend th e thicker limestones C b , ein r r n i f h l ri s of Yor shire b g ep ese tat ves o t e Yoreda e se e k . Tolerably complete sections of th ese strata can b e seen along the sh ore sou th of S ital wh ere th e rocks have a eneral p , g easterl di hi h le Th e area h er descri ed is con y p at g ang s. e b tained in Sh eets 45 and ofth e - in h Ma ofNorthum erland 7 6 c p b , ofwhich M i are osi in his ffi f efren S. c es de d r r e ce op p te t O ce o . Th e Geology ofBer wick-on- Tweed h as already been described in th e Geolo ofEastern erwic shir e Sheet 34 Scotland gy B k ( , ), h fa publis ed as r back as 1864 . Mr . Gunn wh o surve ed th e Ma h as also re ared the , y p, p p fll in rief un fi o ow g b acco t o t. K ARCHI BAL D GEI IE, Director General. Geolo ical Surve ffice g y O , 28 J erm n Street L ondon. , y , 8th ul 189 . J y, 7 CONTEN TS. - PEEEAOE b th e DmEcTOE ENEEAI . , y G si al Featur es eneral eolo ical HAPTEE I I N N. Ph c G G C . TEODueTI O y , g Descr i ti n Table ofFormations p o , CHA TER I CAEEONI PEEOUS. Fell Sandstone Grou P I . p t l ti d . Screm rs on oa CHATTEE I I I . C AEEONI PEEOUS (con nue ) e C Gr oup or C arb onaceous Division HA TER I — / L imestone rou or C V . CAREONI P O S contirmed . G P EE U ( ) p, C alcar eous Divis ion C HA TER FAUL Ts P V . C HA TER V I L A I DE S P . G O AL POSI T CHAPT I P T- i R ai d EE I . l um se B ach s V OS GL AOI AI . DE OSI TS . Al u e e P v , , Blown Sand E I L I S OP os I L s APP NDI X . TS F s , a . L ist ofFossils collected by th e Geological Sur ve t f il n 6 . L is o Foss s in th e Al wick Museum col lectedby the late George Tate EN I X I L i of h ef li i APP D I . st C i Pub cat ons on th e Geology of th e District I NDEX I L L USTRATI ON. L ocal Erosion (or Fault P) south OfRedsh in THE GEOL OGY OF THE COAST SOUTH OF BE W K- ON- WEE R IC T D. — HAP E I OD O . C T R . INTR UCTI N PHYS L FE T E ICA A UR S. The area to be described inthis memoir comprises th e coast from erwick to Goswic in Northum erland and the countr B k b , y inland as far as An r f h i h st und close to the hi h c o t. T e h e ro g g , g r oad near S rin ill south Of er wick is 296 feet a ove the p g H , B , b sea Fr i l h north and . om th s point th e ground slopes rapid y to t e east and more entl to th e south wh ere th ere is much low , g y , l in l 28 feet. and . Catchlaw ra south ofHeather to s is 9 y g C g, y p , Th e l oo- foot contour keeps nearly along the railway to Phila del hia and then turns south ard to heswic and westward to p , w C k th e at I nn a An f Th e alluvial flats at Goswic and C nd cro t. k Wi - The wh ole ndmill Hill are not 20 feet above the sea level. area drains directly into th e sea by small streams ; th e larger of which All erdean urn and aiden Dean ur n unite at , B H B , Ancroftsteads and form th e rth L ow hich enters th e sea at , No , w Goswick. GEOL OGICAL DESCR IPTI ON. The rocks to b e descri bed belong wh olly to th e Carboniferous L imestone Seri s an l i n f L i stones e , d consist of a ternat o s o me , Sandstones and Shales ith oals— h e e uivalents of th e , w G t q Yoredale a hire Th e fall Series nd Scar L imestone of Yorks . y naturall into t e ivision Th hi hest Ca lca r eons Division y hre d s. e g ( ) contains all th e thick limestones and ofth ese a fairl ood section , y g is seen alon th e coast Th e middle ortion Car bona ceous g . p ( Division contains nearl all th e im ortant coal -seams with ) y p , e thi im - v r n l estones which will b e elucidated b it sections. y , y p Th ese two divi i n n m r e ate s o s were a ed and defined by Geo g T . Th e lowest division Fell Sandstone Gr ou consistin mainl ( p), g y of thick Sandstones wi h s me Sh ale oc u ies onl a small area t o , c p y a out Sunn id in h rn Th n r l di ofth e s e t e north e corner . e e e a b y , g p ° eds inland is h E E a n l s of 10 to b ut to t . r t a b e S o SS . g e near th e coast th e di nearl due east at hi h an les inclinin y p y g g , g to th e north Of east at erwick and ital so th at alon th e B Sp , g reater art of the coast- line wh ere th e eds are ex osed we g p , b p , ° find th em dipping as h igh as from 30 near Scremerston to as ° much as 60 at Berwi ck . Boulder clay and oth er superficial deposits cover by far th e lar er ortion of the area and are ever wh ere ased on th e g p , y b ar oniferous ro k C b c s. 2 I NTRODUC T I ON. TABL E or FORMATI ONS. Blown Sand. - l l h Post G acia Raised Beac es. Allu vium l Sa nd and Grave . Glacml o d r l B ul e C ay. or Calcareous ivision D . Ca us cremerston oal Grou or r n ceous S C p , Ca bo a fibnggrlz Di io vis n.