Democratic People’s Republic of Korea

Plan and budget no. MAAKP002

31 December 2010

Two EMWAT water purification units produced over six This report covers the period million litres of clean drinking water to the flood affected 1 July to 31 December 2010. population in city. Photo: Hong Yong Chol/DPRK Red Cross In brief

Programmes’ outcome: The programmes supported by the international Federation of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) are all streamlined with the strategic aims of IFRC’s Strategy 2020:

Strategic aim 1: Save lives, protect livelihoods, and strengthen recovery from disasters • Effective preparedness capacities for appropriate and timely response to disasters and crises • Reduced deaths, losses, damage and other detrimental consequences of disasters and crises Strategic aim 2: Enable healthy and safe living • Better personal and community health, and more inclusive public health systems • Reduced exposure and vulnerability to natural and man-made hazards • Greater public adoption of environmentally sustainable living Strategic aim 3: Promote social inclusion and a culture of non-violence and peace • Greater public support for the fundamental principles and reduced stigma and discrimination

Programmes’ summary: The IFRC supports the DPRK Red Cross in four areas: health and care, water and sanitation, disaster management, and organizational development. The provision of essential drugs to 2,030 clinics nationwide remains the largest component of Federation support. The ministry of public health (MoPH) to transfer this responsibility back to the government was expanded, as discussions were held with the MoPH’s statistics task force to agree on a set of indicators to measure the impact of the essential drug distribution programme. The slow but steady implementation of the community-based health and first aid (CBHFA) programme has increased the feeling of ownership among the Red Cross branch people and community volunteers.

The ongoing construction of an additional 19 water and sanitation systems will bring the total number of people supplied with clean drinking water over the past ten years to 610,000. During the flood season, four water treatment units have been successfully deployed on two locations. Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (MAAKP002), Programme Update no. 2

The response to the floods between July and September showed effective preparedness measures were in place at all levels, as well as proper contingency planning from the DPRK Red Cross headquarters, provincial and county branches. The constructed mitigation structures, a part of community-based disaster risk reduction (CDRR), have proven their impact, as flood damage was limited. The disaster management programme puts a stronger focus on tree planting as a long-term mitigation measure, as well as on livelihood-improvement to reduce vulnerability. At the same time, road safety is becoming increasingly important with the rapidly growing number of cars on the road.

The application of vulnerability and capacity assessments (VCAs) as a community-based planning tool for all programmes has been transferred to the organizational development programme, as a means to further strengthen branches as well as the management of volunteers.

Financial situation: The total budget for 2010 was revised down from CHF 10.2 million to CHF 9.23 million and as of November 2010, is 95 per cent covered. Expenditure over income received from January to November is 70 per cent.

The decrease in all revised programme budgets is due to changes in soft pledges. The 2010 country plan continues to be implemented accordingly, despite minor budget revisions.

Click here to go directly to the attached financial report.

No. of people reached: Up to 8.25 million target beneficiaries are community residents in rural areas, with focus on the most vulnerable groups.

Our partners: The DPRK Red Cross works in the framework of a three-year cooperation agreement strategy (CAS) with nine partner national societies, including the Australian Red Cross, Canadian Red Cross, Danish Red Cross, Finnish Red Cross, German Red Cross, Netherlands Red Cross, Norwegian Red Cross, Spanish Red Cross and Swedish Red Cross. The current CAS agreement up to 2012 was signed in October 2009.

The DPRK country plan and budget is supported by Danish Red Cross/Danish government, Finnish Red Cross/Finnish government, German Red Cross/German government, Japanese Red Cross, Netherlands government, Norwegian Red Cross/Norwegian government, Spanish Red Cross, British Red Cross and Swedish Red Cross/Swedish government.

Three EuropeAid-funded projects are underway: the disaster management programme in making 51 communities safer from natural disasters through the Danish Red Cross; the water and sanitation programme provides ten communities with proper water and sanitation systems through the Swedish Red Cross; and the health and care programme in implementing CBHFA and supplying hospital equipment in two counties through the Finnish Red Cross. In response to the floods, IFRC supported DPRK Red Cross by releasing CHF 378,714 from its Disaster Relief Emergency Fund (DREF), which was partially replenished by the European Commission’s Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection Office (DG ECHO).

All DPRK Red Cross programmes work at the community level: first aid posts depend greatly on the community clinics, while corporative farms and local government are the main players in the community disaster management committees as well as the committees set up for the design, construction and maintenance of the water and sanitation schemes. At the county, provincial and national levels, the ministries of public health, city management, people’s security, and land and environmental protection contribute with technical advice and material support to the Red Cross programmes. Collaboration with UN agencies consists of the exchange of information as well as the agreement on the contents of the medical kits, the role division in disaster response situations, and training initiatives in the different areas. The Red Cross also benefits from the specialized expertise from non-governmental organizations (NGOs) active in the DPRK, where they are called European Union project support (EUPS) units.

IFRC, on behalf of the DPRK Red Cross Society, would like to thank all partners and donors for their support.

Context The DPRK celebrated the 65th anniversary of the foundation of its workers’ party in September, and the supreme governance body of the party was elected at the party’s conference. There have been no visible changes within the socio-political system so far.

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The tense situation on the Korean peninsula after the explosion of the South Korean naval ship earlier this year, was severely aggravated due to a shooting incident on Yonphyong island, in the west sea of Korea in November. As a result of the incident, South Korea suspended all pledged aid to DPRK and postponed Red Cross talks between North and South.

Torrential rains and tropical storm Kompasu seriously affected most areas in the DPRK between July and September 2010. Many landslides and mudflows were caused by the dramatic levels of deforestation in the mountainous parts of the country, showing the importance of a stronger focus on tree planting/reforestation. The DPRK Red Cross promptly responded to the emergency, distributing relief supplies and dispatching four mobile water purification units to the affected areas.

The number of cars and mobile phones has multiplied by more than two-fold in the past six months. The mobile phone network Koryolink now covers large parts of the country, although most phones are still used in the cities. In Pyongyang, the traditional traffic person system for the regulation of traffic has been replaced with traffic lights. Car drivers are slowly getting used to the new system, which still has many flaws, such as green light for cars and pedestrians at the same time.

Progress towards outcomes

Disaster management

Outcomes Programme component 1: Disaster management planning Outcome: Improve ability to predict and plan for disasters, and to mitigate their impact on vulnerable communities

Programme component 2: Organizational preparedness Outcome: Developing human, material and financial resources for effective disaster management

Programme component 3: Community preparedness Outcome: Improved self-reliance of individuals and communities to reduce their vulnerabilities to public health emergencies and disasters

Programme component 4: Disaster response Outcome: Improved disaster assistance to meet the needs of people affected by disasters

Programme component 5: Recovery Outcome: Restore or improve livelihoods of disaster victims to pre-disaster conditions, and reduce future disasters

Achievements Disaster response and relief Torrential rains and tropical storm Kompasu caused extensive damage all over the DPRK between July and September. More than 30,000 families were affected as their houses were totally destroyed or partially damaged by floods and landslides. The Red Cross provided support to 6,124 of the most vulnerable families (28,683 people) with emergency items (see table below). A total of 6,450 Red Cross volunteers were mobilized for evacuation, rescue, first aid, and distribution of relief items to the flood victims in close cooperation with the local authorities and other public organizations. Over 90 Red Cross mobile first aid posts were operational in the affected areas, providing first aid and hygiene promotion to the flood victims.

Houses destroyed/ Emergency Chlorine Family Quilt damaged/flooded kit * tablets hygiene kit South Phyongan 807 611 131 36,660 68 North Phyongan 13,117 12,700 2,700 1’253,000 1,500 South Hamgyong 4,927 3,568 751 214,080 183 Kangwon 7,729 3,910 800 234,600 500

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South Hwanghae 1,397 2,234 532 134,040 0 North Hwanghae 445 1,663 362 99,780 47 Chagang 794 2,110 453 126,600 251 Ryanggang 1,288 1,887 395 113,220 395 Total 30,504 28,683 6,124 2'211,980 2,944 * One family emergency kit contains a cooking set, a 20 litres jerry can, 4x6m plastic sheeting, 4 quilts, and 300 chlorine tablets.

In Sinuiju city, north Phyongan province, the entire population was left without clean drinking water as the flooded Amnok or Yellow river, the natural border between the DPRK and China, had damaged the water supply system. DPRK Red Cross mobilized two mobile water purification units to produce over six million litres of clean water to 16,000 people during a six-week period. This was the second time the water purification units were mobilized this year, as earlier floods had damaged the water supply system in Pukchang city, south Phyongan province, affecting approximately 9,000 people.

The impact of the clean water supply thanks to the water treatment units was unexpected. The National Society received appreciation from the highest levels within the government at national and provincial level for its effective disaster response.

Specifically for the flood damage in Sinuju city, DPRK Red Cross received CHF 378,714 from the IFRC’s Disaster Relief Emergency Fund (DREF). The funds were used for the operation of the water treatment units, as well as for the replenishment of the distributed relief items.

At the beginning of the rainy season every year, the DPRK Red Cross activates its emergency response task force at headquarters and branch Distribution of relief supplies to flood affected population in levels, comprising of disaster management, Sinuiju city. Photo: Henk Schipper/ IFRC. health and care, water and sanitation and logistics staff. Through proper contingency planning, the National Society was able to swiftly dispatch response teams to all accessible flood-affected areas to conduct damage and needs assessment in close cooperation with the national flood damage response committee, local authorities and volunteers, followed by rapid distribution of relief stocks prepositioned in the seven regional warehouses.

A total of 75 people from 31 communities participated in three refresher disaster response and relief workshops in preparation for the rainy season in south Hamgyong, south and north Phyongan provinces. The communities updated their disaster plans and conducted simulation exercises with support from the Red Cross provincial and county branches, to test their early warning and evacuation systems. After the flood season, the communities reported no deaths or injuries among people and livestock thanks to smooth evacuation, due to early warning systems and proper dissemination of the evacuation routes among the community people, as well as other preparedness measures taken.

During a two-day pre-disaster planning workshop in December, the DPRK Red Cross updated its contingency plan based on the lessons learned from the floods. The workshop was facilitated by an operations coordinator from the IFRC disaster management unit in Kuala Lumpur, and was attended by all DPRK Red Cross headquarter staff, the ICRC, as well as the leadership of the south Phyongan, south Hamgyong and south Hwanghae Red Cross provincial branches.

Community disaster risk reduction (CDRR) All of the 31 communities supported this year with flood-mitigation structures as part of the CDRR programme have experienced none or limited damage from the heavy rains.

The selection of the mitigation interventions was made by the community people themselves through vulnerability and capacity assessments conducted in the communities between the end of 2009 to early 2010. Technical designs were made by experts from the ministry of land and environment protection (MoLEP) at the provincial level, and later validated by an independent engineer. The calculation of the required materials was the most arduous task, causing some delays in the procurement of the materials.

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Fortunately, as a result of to the late rice-planting season due to the extended cold winter months, most of the materials were delivered in May-June and construction could be completed before the rainy season.

Through the resource mobilization skills of the Red Cross provincial and county branch leaders in negotiating contributions from different partners including community and provincial government agencies, the size and consequently impact of all mitigation interventions could be significantly increased. DPRK Red Cross provided materials (mainly cement and steel bars) as well as fuel for transport of the materials to the construction sites, while the community provided the labour, and the government the heavy machinery, transport means, and technical input. Cooperation between local stakeholders in technical design and mobilization of resources for flood prevention in Eup ri, Up to August, some 41,000 community people Tongrim county, north Phyongan province. Photo: Kim Gwang were involved in the construction of the Son/ IFRC. mitigation structures such as flood-protected wells, floodgates, drainage systems, water heads, overflow dams, water reservoirs, culverts, and river embankments. Also, 25 evacuation bridges were built and 28 houses in flood-prone areas were relocated.

The selection process of 20 ‘new’ CDRR communities for 2011, started in October. A mid-term review and vulneribility and capacity assessment (VCA) induction workshops were organized for 175 Red Cross staff, volunteers and community leaders of the 31 ‘old’ communities and the 20 ‘new’ communities, to share experiences and good practices. Initial assessment visits were conducted with all new communities, as well as exchange visits from ‘new’ community members to experienced communities.

Promotion materials on CDRR such as 5,000 handouts, 400 flipcharts, and 250 guidelines were printed and distributed. Also, 180 megaphones for early warning and evacuation purposes were distributed to the communities.

A team of four, including the chairman of the south Hamgyong Red Cross provincial branch, travelled to Vietnam in December to reciprocate the exchange visit from the three Vietnam VCA facilitators who came to the DPRK last May. They participated in a Vietnam-style VCA and visited different communities involved in the IFRC-supported CDRR programme. The visit was co-sponsored by DG ECHO’s disaster preparedness programme (DIPECHO) through the IFRC and the Netherlands Red Cross in Vietnam.

Two DPRK Red Cross disaster management staff attended the 19th CDRR regional workshop held in Bangkok, Thailand in July, organized by the Asian centre for disaster preparedness (ACDP). Several elements taught in the workshop were integrated in the curriculum of the mid-term review and VCA induction workshops organized by DPRK Red Cross in October - November.

Tree planting Almost 13,000 Red Cross youth volunteers and farmers from 30 communities in south Hamgyong, south and north Phyongan provinces participated in Red Cross tree planting campaigns, aiming for erosion control on steep mountain slopes in November. They planted 1,586,000 seedlings of acacia, larch, pine nut, poplar, maple, willow and fruit trees on 178 hectares of disaster-prone land. Up to 30 per cent of the seedlings had been produced in the community tree nurseries. A total of 700 Tree planting campaign by Red Cross youth in south Phyongan province. Photo: Sacha Bootsma IFRC/DPRK

5 Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (MAAKP002), Programme Update no. 2 guidelines on seedling production and tree nursery maintenance materials like sunshades, PV sheets, poly pots, and cylindrical spraying devices were distributed to the 30 communities involved in community-based tree planting (CBTP).

A first coordination meeting was held between six international organizations working in tree planting/reforestation in the framework of disaster risk reduction in November. The focus is mainly on information exchange and the agreement on one standardized approach on tree planting/reforestation, to be endorsed by MoLEP.

Enhanced coordination was one of the recommendations of a review conducted of the CBTP project in July. A tree planting expert with extensive experience in forestry in the DPRK presented several concrete steps on how to strengthen tree planting as a mitigating activity in the framework of CDRR. Awareness raising of the importance of tree planting/reforestation to MoLEP is one of the main challenges, for which close collaboration with other agencies is crucial.

Integrated community development project (ICDP) Almost 25,000 people in Taehung ri, Yangdok county, south Phyongan province, Anhung ri, , north Phyongan province, and Sangjung ri, Yongwong county and Eup town in Hongwon county, south Hamgyong province, benefited from new food processing machines for income generating purposes. The ICDP has proven an incentive for communities to initiate additional projects with its own means, including a mushroom plantation, provision of meals to the elderly in winter, and the construction of a water reservoir, a dam and several irrigation canals and sluices to irrigate a large number of rice paddies.

Road safety and water safety During the quiet summer season, the water safety teams on the beaches of Wonsan city, Kangwon province and Majon, south Hamgyong province tested their new boats and gear on several occasions. In September, both teams conducted simulation exercises to improve their skills in water rescue.

All 45 members of the three water safety teams in Taedonggang, Wonsan and Majon received new uniforms.

In November, road safety is no accident awareness month; the Red Cross organized lectures for 600 youth volunteers in road safety education rooms in Water safety team in Majon beach, south Hamgyong the main cities, in close collaboration with ministry of province. Photo: Pak Ryon Mi/ DPRK Red Cross people’s security (MoPS).

New publication Building Capacity in Disaster Risk Management - Lessons learned in the DPRK Over the past few years the DPRK Red Cross developed a disaster management programme to reduce the risk of natural disasters and to help communities protect themselves and overcome the effects of disasters. Many lessons were learned in developing a holistic approach covering disaster management planning and organizational preparedness, community preparedness and disaster risk reduction, and disaster response and recovery. Click here to access a copy online. (1.65 Mb, 28 pages)

Constraints or challenges The government’s reluctance to share in a timely manner key statistics on damage and needs during the flood season, has prevented the DPRK Red Cross from proper fund-raising for emergency relief. Although the IFRC’s DREF mechanism was used to mobilize funds, an official appeal would have been a more powerful way to collect the necessary means to replenish all emergency stocks, which were distributed, and ensure more funds for necessary relief items, such as first aid supplies and interagency emergency health kits (IEHK).

At the same time, while the immediate response after the floods was rapid and effective, there was no or little follow up of the remaining needs of the affected population.

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The heightened international tensions due to the sinking of the South Korean naval ship in March negatively influenced the Australian government’s decision to support the DPRK Red Cross with approximately CHF 750,000. Although still a soft pledge, the disaster management programme had based its 2010 plan on the expected funding, and was therefore forced to drastically revise its activities.

Due to lack of funding early 2010, seeds for new trees could not be procured in time. Hence, community tree nurseries were forced to look for alternative ways to ensure sufficient amounts of tree seedlings would be available for the autumn tree-planting season. Although their creative solutions for the lack of seeds are commendable, the tree seedlings used may not have been of appropriate quality, possibly jeopardizing the survival rate of the planted trees.

Thanks to additional funding received by the British, Danish, and Norwegian Red Cross societies in November, some high-priority activities could still be completed, such as the relocation of 28 houses to safer places, the procurement of food processing equipment, and the procurement of tree seeds for next year’s tree planting programme.

Health and care

Outcomes Programme component 1: Improvement of medical services focusing on maternal, newborn and child health (MNCH) Outcome 1: Community people, particularly mothers, newborns and children maintain their good health and access to basic medical services through the minimum provision of essential drugs Outcome 2: Community health professionals (household doctors and midwives) increased their skills and knowledge on MNCH and rational drug usage of essential medicines Outcome 3: Basic health and social services are strengthened for community people by restoring and rehabilitating the referral and primary health institutions

Programme component 2: Community-based health and first aid Outcome: Communities and volunteers are prepared and able to respond to health and injury priorities in the communities by increasing their capacities

Programme component 3: Public health in emergencies Outcome: Increased capacity of the DPRK Red Cross to meet health needs during disasters and health emergencies

Programme component 4: Voluntary non-remunerated blood donation Outcome: Existing volunteers’ network of DPRK Red Cross used for promotion of voluntary non- remunerated donation

Achievements Essential medicine distribution and support to basic health care services With support from the Norwegian and Swedish Red Cross, the two quarterly medicine distributions in the second half of 2010 could be assured to the 2,030 hospitals in 56 counties. After the floods in August and September, many clinics had run out of medicines. A delay in the delivery of the medicines for the fourth quarter, due to the water for injection failing the MoPH quality test, resulted in a complete lack of basic antibiotics in the clinics for two months. Fortunately, the distribution of the medicines to the county medical warehouses was completed before the start of the cold winter season. All clinics visited during the regular monitoring visits suffer from lack of coal for heating. Household doctors report an increase in demand for home visits, including for deliveries, as well as an increase in the number of acute respiratory infections, the majority of patients being children.

The quality of the boxes for the locally procured small medicine kits notably improved as a result of constructive feedback provided to the Pyongyang-based pharmaceutical factory PyongSu Pharma.

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Discussions on the scaling down of the essential medicine programme after 2012 continue with the MoPH. A proposed phasing out plan, presented to the donors during the cooperation agreement strategy (CAS) meeting in October, was shared with all key stakeholders: MoPH, UNICEF, and WHO. MoPH has established a task force to enable better impact analysis of the distributed medicines. A first meeting was held between the MoPH task force, the DPRK Red Cross and the IFRC to agree on the indicators to measure the impact of those communities receiving drugs, compared to those communities not Household doctors training in . Photo: Pak Un receiving drugs. Kyong/ DPRK Red Cross.

The first trainings using the interagency household doctor (HHD) training package was conducted. The training package was an initiative from MoPH and WHO, with input from all agencies working in health in the DPRK, and was printed by UNICEF. The DPRK Red Cross and IFRC organized two HHD trainings in Hyangsan county, north Phyongan province, and Riwon county, south Hamgyong province, as part of the Finnish Red Cross-supported EuropeAid project. The training evaluations of the 135 participants showed great interest in particularly the maternal and child health care topics.

Also as part of the EuropeAid project, Finnish Red Cross has procured high quality tools and equipment for the two county hospitals and 42 clinics in Hyangsan and Riwon. The surgical instruments have arrived, while the machines, furniture, and rest of the items are due to arrive end 2010. All equipment, including the locally procured bicycles for the household doctors, will be distributed in due course.

Training on mother, neonatal and child health care for 200 volunteers, was conducted in five counties in north Phyongan and south Hamgyong provinces.

Community-based health and first aid (CBHFA) After a slow start with extensive delays in the translation and revision of the training modules by the MoPH, the first two CBHFA training of trainers (ToT) kicked off in south Hamgyong province and north Phyongan province in this reporting period. A total of 50 provincial health officers and household doctors, including MoPH staff, were trained as provincial and county CBHFA trainers, training an additional 400 volunteers in seven counties in south Hamgyong province and Hyangsan county, north Phyongan province.

The CBHFA training focuses on doing community needs assessment, with many practical exercises in different communities. The participatory methods are well accepted and understood. During the trainings, the most urgent needs identified were the reduction of morbidity caused by diarrhoea, especially among children; the reduction of respiratory track infections; and the reduction of preventable injuries. First aid training was raised in many communities as one of the priority solutions and action points.

The DPRK Red Cross is using the CBHFA volunteer and facilitator manual no. 1 (IFRC Modules 1-3). Next year, the CBHFA volunteer and facilitator manual no. 2 (IFRC Modules 4-7) Practical exercises in the community as part of the CBHFA will be introduced. training of volunteers in south Hamgyong province. Photo: Ri Chol Bom/ IFRC. A total of 100 CBHFA facilitator’s manuals and 600 volunteer manuals have now been printed, including the community toolkits (31 pictures/set). Some of the pictures were slightly modified, while others were totally left out. The material will be reviewed and adapted accordingly by mid-2011.

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Procurement of teaching materials like white boards and flipchart papers was delayed, and were therefore not available at the Red Cross training centres for CBHFA-related activities. As soon as the materials are procured, they will be immediately distributed.

While world first aid day was celebrated in October with an internal first aid training facilitated by the IFRC health coordinator, the United Nations development programme (UNDP) requested the DPRK Red Cross to facilitate a first aid training for their staff.

Emergency health In August and September, DPRK Red Cross first aid volunteers played an active role in assisting the health authorities in the flood-affected communities. They set up first aid mobile posts, took care of injured people, and helped in the treatment of diarrhoea cases.

With support from the Finnish Red Cross, 1,700 first aid posts will receive refill materials for their first aid kits for the first time in 18 months. Normally, the materials are refilled every six months, but this has not been possible due to budget restrictions.

Up to 200 volunteers were trained in emergency health in south Phyongan province in December. Future training on emergency health will be part of the CBHFA training. Mobile first aid post in flood-affected community in Sinhung county, south Hamgyong province. Photo: Ri Chol Bom/ IFRC.

Voluntary non-remunerated blood donor recruitment A total of 200 volunteers were trained in voluntary non-remunerated blood donor recruitment (VNRBD) in ten counties of south Phyongan province from mid-July to early August. Without the availability of blood testing equipment in line with international standards in blood banks, the blood donor recruitment programme will remain small-scale.

Constraints or challenges The health team underwent several internal staff changes during this reporting period. The IFRC programme officer was moved back to the DPRK Red Cross health department, while the VNRBD programme officer moved from the DPRK Red Cross to the IFRC as a water and sanitation officer. In addition, a previous ICRC translator strengthened the DPRK Red Cross health team. While additional training is necessary to guide the staff in their new tasks, institutional memory is somehow retained.

Water and sanitation

Outcome Programme component 6: Water and sanitation Outcome 1: Access to safe water and sanitation services improved in the communities preventing outbreak of waterborne illnesses Outcome 2: Access to safe water and sanitation and other services improved in disaster-affected areas minimizing mortality and morbidity

Achievements Construction of water sources, pump houses, and storage tanks in 19 communities All construction materials for the water schemes (pipes, taps, and fittings) were delivered in all 19 communities at the height of the rainy season, with flooded roads causing some delay. Monitoring of the delivery of the materials by an independent inspection agency, as well as of the ongoing construction of the water schemes shows that most of the water tanks, pump houses, and pipe laying are completed.

The 19th community included in the water and sanitation programme, Wonchon ri, Teadong county, south Phyongan province, is supported by the Spanish Red Cross. Similarly, the Netherlands government funds all water and sanitation-related activities in Saemaul dong, Mundok county, south Phyongan province.

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As the water and sanitation programme is partially funded by EuropeAid through the Swedish Red Cross, a monitoring team from the European Union based in Brussels visited the ongoing construction of the water scheme in Eup town, Mundok county, south Phyongan province in October.

Materials for the sanitation, latrines and wastewater collection points were procured locally, thanks to funds from the German government. The materials are due to arrive at the beginning of 2011, well on time to complete the projects before July 2011.

The monthly monitoring sheet helps the DPRK Red Cross and IFRC water and sanitation team to measure the progress of the construction of the water supply and sanitation schemes in the communities. The sheet facilitates the follow-up on action points and the correction of problems where possible.

A review mission of DG ECHO-funded phase 3 of the water and sanitation programme (2004-2005) was conducted in December by the IFRC regional water and sanitation coordinator based in Kuala Lumpur. Instead of visiting all 15 communities, only two communities were reviewed in-depth, to focus on more detailed and technical aspects of the work. Construction of water tank in Eup town, Kwaksan county, north Training Phyongan province in November 2010. Photo: Kim Song Il/ One-day on-the-spot technical workshops were DPRK Red Cross. conducted from September to November in all of the 19 communities, for 120 pump operators, electricians and other community technicians in the installation and maintenance of the water supply systems, specifically elements like the water pumps and transformers, pipes and fittings.

In September, 25 designers from the ministry of city management (MoCM) in four provinces attended a two- day training on the design of water schemes, while a three-man strong team attended the IFRC Asia Pacific water sanitation software workshop in November in Cambodia.

Hygiene promotion An additional hygiene promotion workshop took place in November in the Spanish Red Cross-supported Wonchon ri for volunteers including nurses, kindergarten teachers, and doctors. With this training, volunteers are expected to promote hygiene knowledge and behaviour through the participatory hygiene and sanitation transformation (PHAST) methodology.

Hygiene promotion for 200 schoolchildren in 12 schools was conducted in November and December.

Emergency water and sanitation programme With an emergency water and sanitation refresher training facilitated by two Spanish Red Cross experts in July, the DPRK Red Cross was swift and successful in mobilizing mobile water treatment units in flood- affected areas on two occasions from July to September. Of the 22 Red Cross volunteers and staff from the anti-epidemic stations (AES) who participated in the training, 15 were mobilized during the emergency phase. Two water and sanitation staff from the Nepal Red Cross also participated in the workshop as a part of an exchange visit between Red Cross national societies in the Asia Pacific zone.

In July, two mobile water purification units (one Spanish Red Cross-donated SETA unit, and one EMWAT unit) were mobilized to Pukchang city, South Phyongan province, to provide clean drinking water to 9,000 people, where the water supply system was damaged by the floods. In August, several hundred metres of pipe from the water source to Sinuju city’s water supply system were washed away by the torrential rains. In response, two EMWAT mobile water treatment units were dispatched immediately. The local government provided fire brigade trucks to transport drinking water to temporary shelters, health institutions, social, and public service centres, as well as the local population. The water treatment units produced over six million litres of clean drinking water to 16,000 people during a six-week period. After repairing the damaged water supply systems, the water purification units were sent back to the Red Cross service centre. At the same time, Red Cross volunteers were promoting hygiene messages among the affected population, to increase

10 Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (MAAKP002), Programme Update no. 2 awareness of the importance of clean drinking water in emergency situations. Also, water purification tablets were distributed to the affected population.

In this reporting period, 100 SETA operation guidelines and 200 field logbooks were printed. The guidelines and logbooks will be disseminated with deployed teams to support monitoring purposes.

Constraints or challenges Although the mobilization of water treatment units in response to the flood emergency was swift and efficient, there is ample room for improvement. The prepositioning of the units at the provincial level, the verification of availability of spare parts and non-expired testing supplies, 9,000 people received clean drinking water thanks to the SETA as well as the organization of simulation and EMWAT mobile water treatment units, in Pukchang city, exercises needs to become a standard South Phyongan province, where the community water supply operating procedure before the start of the rainy system was damaged by floods. Photo: Henk Schipper/ IFRC. season every year.

The focus on water quality needs to be reemphasized in emergency settings. There is no proper documentation of regular water quality tests, or other crucial data necessary for the independent monitoring of the operation of the water treatment units, such as the consumption of fuel. It is hoped that with the logbooks in use, a part of this issue will be resolved.

For the continuous improvement of the regular water and sanitation programme, IFRC is looking into elaborating a design manual to be used for the designers of the MoCM as well as for the community technicians. The review recommendations are to be used in such a manual.

Organizational development/capacity building

Outcomes Programme purpose: Global Agenda Goal 3 Increase local community, civil society and Red Cross Red Crescent capacity to address the most urgent situations of vulnerability

Programme component 1: Strengthening national society foundation and leadership ability to effectively lead the organization and its service delivery Outcome 1: The DPRK Red Cross integrity has been further assured Outcome 2: National Society overall activities are directed by strong leadership

Programme component 2: Upgrading the level and the quality of volunteer service Outcome 1: Volunteers have become more able to support community needs Outcome 2: Volunteering in emergencies and volunteering in urban areas are maintained Outcome 3: Youth volunteer base is strengthened

Programme component 3: Increasing capacity at headquarters and branches for scaled up service delivery Outcome 1: Branches have improved managerial skills Outcome 2: Headquarters staff have improved professional and communication levels

Programme component 4: Improving cooperation and collaboration with stakeholders Outcome 1: DPRK Red Cross enjoys improved accountability and partnership with local partners Outcome 2: Public awareness about Red Cross value and knowledge is increased

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Achievements Strengthening national society foundation and leadership Consultation meetings have been held with the provincial branches in the beginning of September, as part of the national-wide capacity baseline survey. The survey aims to facilitate the alignment of the DPRK Red Cross development strategy 2012 with IFRC’s Strategy 2020. Special guidelines and questionnaires based on the newly developed Federation-wide reporting system were developed for the survey. Based on the feedback from the consultation meetings and survey, the DPRK Red Cross is drafting its new strategic plan 2015, aligned with IFRC’s Strategy 2020, to be discussed at the central committee meeting in early 2011. A total of 500 copies of Strategy 2020 was translated into Korean and published and distributed to all relevant stakeholders at the headquarter and branches as a reference for the national strategy making process.

Updating the level and the quality of volunteer service With the revised training curriculum on efficient volunteer management finalized and distributed to the branches, several trainings have been conducted, targeting local volunteer leaders. The trainings focus on sharing best practices and lessons learned.

DPRK Red Cross branch and headquarters capacity increased With support from the regional IFRC office in Beijing, a planning, monitoring, evaluation, and reporting (PMER) workshop was conducted for all DPRK Red Cross and IFRC staff in July. Although the new planning cycle will not start for another year, all programmes had the opportunity to go through their logical frameworks and work plans, to better understand the link between their work and the broader goals of the Red Cross Red Crescent Movement and IFRC’s strategy 2020. According to the evaluations, the PMER workshop, facilitated by the regional programme coordinator in Beijing, had a significant impact on the improved understanding of the staff in the need for planning tools like the logical frameworks and work plan. Staff now comprehend that these tools can contribute to a better programme Motorbike provided to South Hwanghae provincial implementation and consequently a more sustainable branch. Photo: DPRK Red Cross impact of Red Cross Red Crescent work.

In this reporting period, two staff from DPRK Red Cross participated in the 2nd IFRC Asia Pacific communication forum organized in November in Kathmandu. They shared good experiences gained in communication activities with the other participants.

To increase the mobility of the branch staff and volunteers, 100 bicycles for city/county branches and five motorbikes for provincial branches were distributed to the provincial and city/county branches. The DPRK Red Cross organizational development and youth departments as well as the provincial branches were equipped with computers, UPSs, projectors, screens and others, to provide them with a proper work environment for their reporting, training and monitoring duties.

The finishing materials for the construction of the office building for Sinuiju city branch were delivered late August. Although construction has since restarted, the floods in August-September caused considerable delay and could not be finalized before the winter months.

A total of 2,000 brochures on Red Cross knowledge (volume 3 and 4), introducing the organization’s 60-odd years’ history, have been printed and distributed to the branches. In addition, after the redesign of the DPRK Red Cross logo, 2,000 emblems, 1,500 stickers and 200 flags were produced and will be distributed to the branches, to increase Red Cross visibility among the public.

Improved cooperation and collaboration with stakeholders For all public awareness events such as the DPRK Red Cross foundation day, world first aid day and the autumn youth tree planting campaign, journalists from the main media outlets were invited to ensure broad coverage in newspapers and magazines as well as on television. DPRK Red Cross’s new emblem.

12 Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (MAAKP002), Programme Update no. 2

A three-man team from the DPRK Red Cross organizational development department met with the Red Cross Society of China (RCSC) during a resource mobilization study tour. Visits to RCSC headquarters and foundation, as well as the provincial branch in Yanbian, opened possibilities for joint collaboration between the two Red Cross societies.

The annual CAS meeting was held in October in Stockholm, Sweden, hosted by the Swedish Red Cross. Present at the meeting were partner national societies from Sweden, Norway, Netherlands, Germany, Finland, Denmark, Britain, South Korea, as well as from ICRC in Geneva, IFRC’s regional office in Beijing, IFRC’s DPRK country office and the DPRK Red Cross. Detailed and fruitful discussions were held between all CAS partners on further cooperation. One of the key outcomes is the agreement of a set of donor requirements, to be formally endorsed by all CAS partners. Although the DPRK Red Cross now complieswith the majority of donor requirements, signing off on a formally agreed set of donor requirements will enhance transparency and trust among the CAS partners, and will increase the chances for future funding from CAS partners and other donors such as EuropeAid.

Constraints or challenges Due to budget restrictions, several of the activities planned for 2010 have been rescheduled or even cancelled.

The attention in the international media for DPRK because of tensions with South Korea is causing much concern among CAS partners and other donors. To address this, IFRC is in the process of elaborating a set of frequently asked questions as well as talking points for all partners, to facilitate the communication with the media.

Working in partnership Public-private partnerships in the construction of flood-mitigating interventions in the 31 communities have strengthened the collaboration with key stakeholders at community, county, and province levels. Provincial and county Red Cross branch leaders have shown a remarkable skill in negotiating the division of labour between the different partners, to increase the size of the structures. For example, the length of a planned riverbank reinforcement in Hutan ri, south Phyongan province, was almost doubled up to six kilometres, thanks to support from provincial MoLEP office. Red Cross support was CHF 10,000 in the form of cement and fuel, to transport stones, gravel and cement to the construction site. MoLEP provided all the heavy machinery and the remaining materials necessary. The benefitting community supplied all the labour for the construction.

The phasing out plan of the medicine distribution programme has boosted the dialogue with the MoPH, to agree on the methodology for proper impact analysis of the programme, but also looking at alternative ways to support the health sector, instead of the essential drug distribution.

IFRC has taken the lead in coordinating efforts related to tree planting/reforestation in the framework of disaster risk reduction. Six other international agencies working in agroforestry, stream management, and other areas concerned with the detrimental effects of deforestation, have agreed to come up with one standardized approach to tree planting/reforestation, to be used as an advocacy tool towards MoLEP, in close collaboration with other national partners such as universities.

Thanks to the newly explored relationship with academic institutions, the disaster management programme has access to technically advanced risk and hazard mapping, through the faculty of geodynamics. As part of the IFRC-supported global alliance on disaster risk reduction, DPRK Red Cross will distribute these hazard maps to the provincial and county branches, showing the different risk levels for landslides, tidal waves, and floods per province.

Contributing to longer-term impact A review is planned for 2011 to measure the impact of mitigation structures constructed over the past years, which will contribute to a booklet with best practices on the construction of mitigation structures.

The most remarkable impact of the ICDP in the two pilot communities has been the large number of activities that the communities have implemented in addition to what was expected from them. The Red Cross-support consisting of the provision of food processing machines and construction materials, has motivated the communities in such a way, that they were able to do much more for the most vulnerable groups in their

13 Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (MAAKP002), Programme Update no. 2

community than previously. This effect cannot yet be seen in the four ‘new’ communities, as the food processing machines were delivered only in May 2010, but is hoped to be equally positive.

Also, thanks to the VCA, communities can easily prioritize the most urgent needs in their communities, and find ways to address them. Through elaborating their community development plans, communities can identify those activities that they can deal with by themselves, and those activities for which external support is required.

Although IFRC aims for more software support in its programmes, many communities still expect the Red Cross support in the form of hardware. The future will learn what more cost-effective ways can be found to support communities.

Looking ahead While tensions between the DPRK and South Korea are fluctuating, the occurred incidents, and related rhetoric and verbal threats may have an impact on the willingness of donors to continue funding the programmes. At the same time, IFRC’s strategic priority in the DPRK lies more with developmental programmes than humanitarian aid. Therefore, IFRC is looking into more long-term support with a strong focus on capacity building and institutional development.

How we work All Federation assistance seeks to adhere to the Code of Conduct for the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO's) in Disaster Relief and is committed to the Humanitarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Disaster Response (Sphere) in delivering assistance to the most vulnerable.

The IFRC’s vision is to: The IFRC’s work is guided by Strategy 2020 which puts forward three strategic aims: Inspire, encourage, facilitate and promote at all times all forms of humanitarian activities by National 1. Save lives, protect livelihoods, and strengthen Societies, with a view to preventing and alleviating recovery from disaster and crises. human suffering, and thereby contributing to the 2. Enable healthy and safe living. maintenance and promotion of human dignity and 3. Promote social inclusion and a culture of non- peace in the world. violence and peace.

Contact information For further information specifically related to this report, please contact: DPRK Red Cross Society: • Mr Ri Ho Rim, Secretary General; email: [email protected], phone: +85.2.381.4350, fax:+85.2.381.3490 IFRC DPRK country office: • Ms Sacha Bootsma, acting head of country office; email: [email protected] phone: +85.2.3814350, fax: +85.02.3813490 IFRC regional office in China: • Mr Martin Faller, Head of regional office; email: [email protected] phone: +86.10.65327162, fax: +86.10.65327166 IFRC Asia Pacific zone office in Malaysia: • Mr Al Panico, Acting head of operations, email: [email protected] • Mr Alan Bradbury, Resource mobilization and planning, monitoring, evaluation and reporting (PMER) coordinator, email: [email protected]

Please send pledges of funding to [email protected]

14 Selected Parameters International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies Reporting Timeframe 2010/1-2010/11 Budget Timeframe 2010/1-2010/12 MAAKP002 - Democratic People's Republic of Korea Appeal MAAKP002 Budget APPEAL Appeal Launch Date: 01 jan 11 All figures are in Swiss Francs (CHF) Appeal Timeframe: 01 jan 06 to 31 dec 13 Interim Financial Report I. Consolidated Funding

Disaster Health and National Society Principles and Management Social Services Development Values Coordination TOTAL

A. Budget 1,463,788 7,462,034 191,736 0 114,488 9,232,045

B. Opening Balance 107,619 2,861,626 86,877 0 50,192 3,106,314

Income Cash contributions # Australian Red Cross (from Australian Government) -3,109 -29,792 -32,901 Danish Red Cross 55,033 55,033 Danish Red Cross (from European Commission - DG ECHO) 473,029 47,978 521,006 Finnish Red Cross 53,516 53,516 Finnish Red Cross (from European Commission - Europe Aid) 141,874 141,874 Finnish Red Cross (from Finnish Government) 311,303 311,303 Germany Red Cross 13,360 13,360 Germany Red Cross (from German Government) 14,336 14,336 Japanese Red Cross 60,443 60,234 0 120,676 New Zealand Government 99,872 99,872 Norwegian Red Cross (from Norwegian Government) 420,173 911,151 16,890 1,348,214 Spanish Red Cross 126,764 126,764 Swedish Red Cross (from European Commission - Europe Aid) 448,832 448,832 Swedish Red Cross (from Swedish Government) 170,293 2,255,543 70,955 2,496,791 Unidentified donor -209 -1,214 -39 -1,463 # C1. Cash contributions 1,189,012 4,440,396 87,807 5,717,214

Outstanding pledges (Revalued) # Danish Red Cross 27,121 27,121 Danish Red Cross (from European Commission - DG ECHO) 319,645 -73,003 246,643 Finnish Red Cross 6,600 6,600 Finnish Red Cross (from European Commission - Europe Aid) 43,068 43,068 Finnish Red Cross (from Finnish Government) -18,401 -18,401 Germany Red Cross 15,499 15,499 Germany Red Cross (from German Government) 350,636 350,636 Netherlands Government 33,214 33,214 Norwegian Red Cross (from Norwegian Government) 43,562 43,562 43,563 130,687 Swedish Red Cross (from European Commission - Europe Aid) 137,546 137,546 Swedish Red Cross (from Swedish Government) -1,196,710 -1,196,710 # C2. Outstanding pledges (Revalued) 390,328 -657,988 43,563 -224,097

Income reserved for future periods # Swedish Red Cross (from Swedish Government) 77 77 # C3. Income reserved for future periods 77 77

Inkind Personnel Finnish Red Cross 96,800 96,800 Norwegian Red Cross 57,813 57,813 C5. Inkind Personnel 96,800 57,813 154,613

C. Total Income = SUM(C1..C6) 1,579,340 3,879,208 131,369 0 57,890 5,647,807

D. Total Funding = B +C 1,686,959 6,740,834 218,246 0 108,082 8,754,121 Prepared on 19/Dec/2010 Page 1 of 4 Selected Parameters International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies Reporting Timeframe 2010/1-2010/11 Budget Timeframe 2010/1-2010/12 MAAKP002 - Democratic People's Republic of Korea Appeal MAAKP002 Budget APPEAL Appeal Launch Date: 01 jan 11 All figures are in Swiss Francs (CHF) Appeal Timeframe: 01 jan 06 to 31 dec 13 Interim Financial Report

Appeal Coverage 115% 90% 114% #DIV/0 94% 95%

II. Movement of Funds

Disaster Health and National Society Principles and Management Social Services Development Values Coordination TOTAL

B. Opening Balance 107,619 2,861,626 86,877 0 50,192 3,106,314 C. Income 1,579,340 3,879,208 131,369 0 57,890 5,647,807 E. Expenditure -983,769 -4,848,992 -165,436 -99,518 -6,097,715 F. Closing Balance = (B + C + E) 703,190 1,891,842 52,810 0 8,564 2,656,406

Prepared on 19/Dec/2010 Page 2 of 4 Selected Parameters International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies Reporting Timeframe 2010/1-2010/11 Budget Timeframe 2010/1-2010/12 MAAKP002 - Democratic People's Republic of Korea Appeal MAAKP002 Budget APPEAL Appeal Launch Date: 01 jan 11 All figures are in Swiss Francs (CHF) Appeal Timeframe: 01 jan 06 to 31 dec 13 Interim Financial Report

III. Consolidated Expenditure vs. Budget

Expenditure Account Groups Budget Disaster Health and Social National Society Principles and Variance Management Services Development Values Coordination TOTAL

A B A - B

BUDGET (C) 1,463,788 7,462,034 191,736 0 114,488 9,232,045

Supplies Shelter - Relief 10,070 10,070 Construction Materials 374,690 250,325 15,567 265,892 108,798 Clothing & textiles 74,674 8,983 565 9,548 65,127 Seeds,Plants 83,176 62,030 62,030 21,145 Water & Sanitation 2,006,856 1,426,535 1,426,535 580,321 Medical & First Aid 3,218,157 1,822,322 1,822,322 1,395,834 Teaching Materials 163,490 42,415 57,776 12,705 112,897 50,593 Utensils & Tools 47,277 12,975 12,975 34,302 Other Supplies & Services 306,162 22,824 15,904 29,724 68,452 237,710 Total Supplies 6,284,552 399,553 3,323,102 57,996 3,780,651 2,503,901

Land, vehicles & equipment Land & Buildings 1,569 1,569 Vehicles 12,750 12,750 Computers & Telecom 1,569 4,640 6,209 -6,209 Others Machinery & Equipment 1,098 1,883 157 -3,138 -0 0 Total Land, vehicles & equipment 14,319 1,098 3,452 157 1,502 6,209 8,110

Transport & Storage Storage 37,884 31,011 25,298 1,174 57,483 -19,599 Distribution & Monitoring 375,031 5,776 136,697 337 7,541 150,351 224,680 Transport & Vehicle Costs 114,961 48,238 74,208 13,420 -23,579 112,287 2,674 Total Transport & Storage 527,875 85,025 236,202 13,757 -14,864 320,121 207,755

Personnel International Staff 865,145 188,543 405,539 12,524 86,456 693,061 172,084 National Staff 163,165 30,505 60,899 9,474 16,555 117,433 45,732 National Society Staff 204,668 30,006 129,334 4,588 163,928 40,741 Consultants 7,989 11,585 11,585 -3,596 Total Personnel 1,240,968 260,638 595,773 26,585 103,011 986,007 254,961

Workshops & Training Workshops & Training 331,710 78,158 120,362 11,982 -8,055 202,447 129,263 Total Workshops & Training 331,710 78,158 120,362 11,982 -8,055 202,447 129,263

General Expenditure Travel 69,542 19,304 23,674 20,213 17,124 80,315 -10,773 Information & Public Relation 36,898 4,437 3,359 15,985 1,754 25,536 11,362 Office Costs 22,066 10,418 1,596 46,086 58,100 -36,034 Communications 0 41 147 27 66,111 66,327 -66,327 Financial Charges 0 12,702 9,413 1,070 2,540 25,725 -25,725 Other General Expenses 140,656 41,569 71,261 5,938 -118,484 284 140,372 Total General Expenditure 269,162 88,471 109,451 43,233 15,132 256,287 12,875

Programme & Service Support Programme & Service Support 563,458 59,201 288,748 9,831 2,526 360,306 203,152 Total Programme & Service Support 563,458 59,201 288,748 9,831 2,526 360,306 203,152

Services Services & Recoveries 3,217 115,504 118,720 -118,720 Services & Recoveries 8,407 28,666 396 37,470 -37,470 Total Services 11,624 144,170 396 156,190 -156,190

Operational Provisions Operational Provisions 27,734 1,498 266 29,498 -29,498 Total Operational Provisions 27,734 1,498 266 29,498 -29,498 Prepared on 19/Dec/2010 Page 3 of 4 Selected Parameters International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies Reporting Timeframe 2010/1-2010/11 Budget Timeframe 2010/1-2010/12 MAAKP002 - Democratic People's Republic of Korea Appeal MAAKP002 Budget APPEAL Appeal Launch Date: 01 jan 11 All figures are in Swiss Francs (CHF) Appeal Timeframe: 01 jan 06 to 31 dec 13 Interim Financial Report

III. Consolidated Expenditure vs. Budget

Expenditure Account Groups Budget Disaster Health and Social National Society Principles and Variance Management Services Development Values Coordination TOTAL

A B A - B

BUDGET (C) 1,463,788 7,462,034 191,736 0 114,488 9,232,045

TOTAL EXPENDITURE (D) 9,232,045 983,769 4,848,992 165,436 99,518 6,097,715 3,134,330

VARIANCE (C - D) 480,019 2,613,041 26,300 14,969 3,134,330

Prepared on 19/Dec/2010 Page 4 of 4