The Jazz Tradition Jeff Rupert Thursday, June 27

Home , 1904 in jazz, Frankie Trumbauer, Freddie Keppard, Jean Goldkette, Modal jazz, Red Nichols

Music for All Summer Symposium presented by Yamaha www.musicforall.org

Music For All Summer Symposium

SURVEY OF JAZZ HISTORY Jeff Rupert

I Influences and elements of early jazz A Congo Square, New Orleans. 1 Gathering place for slaves in New Orleans, from the late 1700’s. 2 Catholicism in New Orleans. 3 Slave trade abolished in 1808. 4 Emancipation proclamation in 1862.

B Ragtime 1 Scott Joplin,(1867-1917), primary composer and pianist. 2 Piano music, first published in 1896. 3 Syncopated music 4 Complex march-like song forms 5 Simulating the orchestra or marching band

C Country Blues 1 Migration from the country into New Orleans. 2 Blues Inflections 3 Vocal Characteristics peculiar to the blues. 4 The first blues published in 1904. “I’ve got the blues”. 5 W.C. Handy publishes “St. Louis Blues” in 1914.

D Marching bands in New Orleans 1 Several popular bands, serving numerous functions The Superior, the Onward Brass Bands playing parades, funerals and concerts. 2 Marching bands syncopating, or “ragging” rhythms 3 Playing “head charts” 4 The Big 4 5 Buddy Bolden,(1877-1931), Freddie Keppard, (1890-1933).

E Opera and other European influence in New Orleans. 1 Opera and Orchestras in New Orleans 2 Creoles before and after the “black codes” or Jim Crow laws.(1877-1965). Plessy vs Ferguson upheld Jim Crow laws of separate but equal in Louisiana in 1896. 3 Music in New Orleans after the black codes. 4 Instruments incorporated in early jazz.

Jazz History Outline. © Jeff Rupert RUPE MUSIC Pub.

F Other important influences on the beginnings of jazz 1 Work songs, Ring shouts, and stevedores. 2 Call and response

II Beginnings A Joe “king” Oliver, (1885-1938). B Jelly Roll Morton. (1890- 1941). 1 Composer, pianist, improviser. 2 Band leader, The Red Hot Chili Peppers. 3 Insights on jazz music. C The Original Dixieland Jazz Band 1 The first jazz recording, 1917. 2 The “Livery Stable Blues”, and the “Dixie Jass band one step”

D Sydney Bechet, (1897-1959). 1 The First Virtuoso in jazz 2 Prolific improviser, who in part defines the New Orleans style.

E Louis Armstrong, (1901-1971). 1 Defines Jazz as a soloists music, codifies the harmonic and rhythmic jazz vocabulary. 2 Extends the range of the trumpet. 3 Invents modern singing.

F The New Orleans sound, and the bands of New Orleans. 1 Instrumentation 2 Polyphonic music.

III Jazz In the Twenties

A Bix Beiderbecke, (1903-1931). 1 Next great voice in jazz after Armstrong. 2 Approaches the cornet with a mellower style than Armstrong. 3 Paul Whiteman, Jean Goldkette band, work with Frankie Trumbauer. 4 Debussy and Ravel influence. B Harlem Stride Piano 1 James P Johnson 2 Willie “The Lion” Smith 3 Thomas Fats Waller C Red Nichols 1 New York Studio musician 2 Band leader, Red Nichols and his Five Pennies.

Jazz History Outline. © Jeff Rupert RUPE MUSIC Pub.

IV Duke Ellington, (1899-1974). A Stride Pianist B Composer 1 Mood Pieces 2 Suites 3 Jazz standards C Band leader 1 The Jimmy Blanton/Ben Webster Band 2 The Ellington band from the thirties to the seventies. D Billy Strayhorn, Ellington counterpart.

V The Thirties and Swing A Fletcher Henderson, (1897-1952). 1 Innovator of the Big band style. 2 Composer and arranger. 3 Band Leader B Jimmy Lunceford Band C Kansas City Bands 1 Jay McShann 2 Count Basie, (1904-1984). D Benny Goodman, (1909-1986).

VI The Small Bands and Virtuoso Soloists of the Thirties A Art Tatum,(1909-1956). B Roy Eldridge,(1911-1989). C Django Reinhart,(1910-1953). D Lester Young,(1909-1959). E Billie Holiday,(1915-1959).

VII The Forties and Be Bop A The New Generation 1 Dizzy Gillespie,(1917-1993), Fats Navarro,(1923-1950), and Miles Davis,(1926-1991). 2 Charlie Parker,1920-1955 3 Max Roach,(1924-2007), Kenny Clarke, (1914-1985). 4 Bud Powell,(1924-1966) and Thelonious Monk, (1917-1982). B Revivalism in Jazz. C The Mixed acceptance of Be Bop.

VIII The Fifties and the Birth of the Cool A Miles Davis and Gil Evans B Gerry Mulligan, (1927-1996). C The Lennie Tristano(1919-1978) school D Stan Getz,(1927-1991) Art Pepper, (1925-1982) and the third stream E Stan Kenton, (1911-1975).

IX Mainstream and Hardbop from the late fifties to the mid sixties A Art Blakey, (1919-1990) and the Jazz Messengers B Sonny Rollins (1930- ) C John Coltrane (1926-1967).

X Miles Davis after the be bop era A The Quintet with Coltrane 1 Modal jazz. 2 “Kind of Blue”. B The Quintet with Herbie Hancock. C Miles Davis and Fusion.

XI Ornette Coleman (1930- ) A “The Shape of Jazz to come” B The Harmalodic concept

XII The early sixties; John Coltrane forms his own quartet. A Modal jazz continued B Coltrane embraces the avante-garde C “A Love Supreme”

XIII The Sixties continued: A Soul Jazz B The Bossa Nova C Big Bands in the sixties.

XIV Fusion A Miles Davis B Weather Report C The Fusion bands of Herbie Hancock and Chick Corea. D Pat Metheny, The Brecker Bros., and other Fusion artists.

XV The Avante-Garde A Sun Ra aka Herman Poole Blount,(1914-1993). B Cecil Taylor (1929- ) C Archie Shepp, (1937- ) and Pharaoh Sanders, (1940- ) D. The Art Ensemble of Chicago.

XVI Jazz Singing since the thirties; women in jazz A Ella Fitzgerald, (1917-1996). B Dinah Washington, (1924-1963) C Sarah Vaughan, aka Sassy, The Divine One, (1924-1990). D Carmen McRae, (1924-1994). E Nancy Wilson, (1937- ).

XVII Jazz today A Wynton Marsalis, (1961-), Ellingtonia. B State and Federal jazz subsidy. B Dave Douglas, (1963- ). C Kurt Elling,(1967-)Cassandra Wilson,(1955-) and modern jazz singers. D Revivalism in jazz, again.