Music for All Summer Symposium presented by Yamaha www.musicforall.org The Jazz Tradition Jeff Rupert Thursday, June 27 Music For All Summer Symposium SURVEY OF JAZZ HISTORY Jeff Rupert I Influences and elements of early jazz A Congo Square, New Orleans. 1 Gathering place for slaves in New Orleans, from the late 1700’s. 2 Catholicism in New Orleans. 3 Slave trade abolished in 1808. 4 Emancipation proclamation in 1862. B Ragtime 1 Scott Joplin,(1867-1917), primary composer and pianist. 2 Piano music, first published in 1896. 3 Syncopated music 4 Complex march-like song forms 5 Simulating the orchestra or marching band C Country Blues 1 Migration from the country into New Orleans. 2 Blues Inflections 3 Vocal Characteristics peculiar to the blues. 4 The first blues published in 1904. “I’ve got the blues”. 5 W.C. Handy publishes “St. Louis Blues” in 1914. D Marching bands in New Orleans 1 Several popular bands, serving numerous functions The Superior, the Onward Brass Bands playing parades, funerals and concerts. 2 Marching bands syncopating, or “ragging” rhythms 3 Playing “head charts” 4 The Big 4 5 Buddy Bolden,(1877-1931), Freddie Keppard, (1890-1933). E Opera and other European influence in New Orleans. 1 Opera and Orchestras in New Orleans 2 Creoles before and after the “black codes” or Jim Crow laws.(1877-1965). Plessy vs Ferguson upheld Jim Crow laws of separate but equal in Louisiana in 1896. 3 Music in New Orleans after the black codes. 4 Instruments incorporated in early jazz. Jazz History Outline. © Jeff Rupert RUPE MUSIC Pub. F Other important influences on the beginnings of jazz 1 Work songs, Ring shouts, and stevedores. 2 Call and response II Beginnings A Joe “king” Oliver, (1885-1938). B Jelly Roll Morton. (1890- 1941). 1 Composer, pianist, improviser. 2 Band leader, The Red Hot Chili Peppers. 3 Insights on jazz music. C The Original Dixieland Jazz Band 1 The first jazz recording, 1917. 2 The “Livery Stable Blues”, and the “Dixie Jass band one step” D Sydney Bechet, (1897-1959). 1 The First Virtuoso in jazz 2 Prolific improviser, who in part defines the New Orleans style. E Louis Armstrong, (1901-1971). 1 Defines Jazz as a soloists music, codifies the harmonic and rhythmic jazz vocabulary. 2 Extends the range of the trumpet. 3 Invents modern singing. F The New Orleans sound, and the bands of New Orleans. 1 Instrumentation 2 Polyphonic music. III Jazz In the Twenties A Bix Beiderbecke, (1903-1931). 1 Next great voice in jazz after Armstrong. 2 Approaches the cornet with a mellower style than Armstrong. 3 Paul Whiteman, Jean Goldkette band, work with Frankie Trumbauer. 4 Debussy and Ravel influence. B Harlem Stride Piano 1 James P Johnson 2 Willie “The Lion” Smith 3 Thomas Fats Waller C Red Nichols 1 New York Studio musician 2 Band leader, Red Nichols and his Five Pennies. Jazz History Outline. © Jeff Rupert RUPE MUSIC Pub. IV Duke Ellington, (1899-1974). A Stride Pianist B Composer 1 Mood Pieces 2 Suites 3 Jazz standards C Band leader 1 The Jimmy Blanton/Ben Webster Band 2 The Ellington band from the thirties to the seventies. D Billy Strayhorn, Ellington counterpart. V The Thirties and Swing A Fletcher Henderson, (1897-1952). 1 Innovator of the Big band style. 2 Composer and arranger. 3 Band Leader B Jimmy Lunceford Band C Kansas City Bands 1 Jay McShann 2 Count Basie, (1904-1984). D Benny Goodman, (1909-1986). VI The Small Bands and Virtuoso Soloists of the Thirties A Art Tatum,(1909-1956). B Roy Eldridge,(1911-1989). C Django Reinhart,(1910-1953). D Lester Young,(1909-1959). E Billie Holiday,(1915-1959). VII The Forties and Be Bop A The New Generation 1 Dizzy Gillespie,(1917-1993), Fats Navarro,(1923-1950), and Miles Davis,(1926-1991). 2 Charlie Parker,1920-1955 3 Max Roach,(1924-2007), Kenny Clarke, (1914-1985). 4 Bud Powell,(1924-1966) and Thelonious Monk, (1917-1982). B Revivalism in Jazz. C The Mixed acceptance of Be Bop. VIII The Fifties and the Birth of the Cool A Miles Davis and Gil Evans B Gerry Mulligan, (1927-1996). C The Lennie Tristano(1919-1978) school D Stan Getz,(1927-1991) Art Pepper, (1925-1982) and the third stream E Stan Kenton, (1911-1975). Jazz History Outline. © Jeff Rupert RUPE MUSIC Pub. IX Mainstream and Hardbop from the late fifties to the mid sixties A Art Blakey, (1919-1990) and the Jazz Messengers B Sonny Rollins (1930- ) C John Coltrane (1926-1967). X Miles Davis after the be bop era A The Quintet with Coltrane 1 Modal jazz. 2 “Kind of Blue”. B The Quintet with Herbie Hancock. C Miles Davis and Fusion. XI Ornette Coleman (1930- ) A “The Shape of Jazz to come” B The Harmalodic concept XII The early sixties; John Coltrane forms his own quartet. A Modal jazz continued B Coltrane embraces the avante-garde C “A Love Supreme” XIII The Sixties continued: A Soul Jazz B The Bossa Nova C Big Bands in the sixties. XIV Fusion A Miles Davis B Weather Report C The Fusion bands of Herbie Hancock and Chick Corea. D Pat Metheny, The Brecker Bros., and other Fusion artists. XV The Avante-Garde A Sun Ra aka Herman Poole Blount,(1914-1993). B Cecil Taylor (1929- ) C Archie Shepp, (1937- ) and Pharaoh Sanders, (1940- ) D. The Art Ensemble of Chicago. XVI Jazz Singing since the thirties; women in jazz A Ella Fitzgerald, (1917-1996). B Dinah Washington, (1924-1963) C Sarah Vaughan, aka Sassy, The Divine One, (1924-1990). D Carmen McRae, (1924-1994). E Nancy Wilson, (1937- ). Jazz History Outline. © Jeff Rupert RUPE MUSIC Pub. XVII Jazz today A Wynton Marsalis, (1961-), Ellingtonia. B State and Federal jazz subsidy. B Dave Douglas, (1963- ). C Kurt Elling,(1967-)Cassandra Wilson,(1955-) and modern jazz singers. D Revivalism in jazz, again. Jazz History Outline. © Jeff Rupert RUPE MUSIC Pub. .