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Reward and Punishment in Pseudo-Philo's Liber Antiquitatum Biblicarum

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Reward and Punishment in Pseudo-Philo's Liber Antiquitatum Biblicarum LIBER ANTIQUITATUM BIBLICARUM REWARD AND PUNISHMENT IN PSEUDO-PHILO’S LIBER ANTIQUITATUM BIBLICARUM By ERICH ENGLER, B.A., M.A. A Thesis Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy McMaster University © Copyright by Erich Engler, July 2012 McMaster University DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (2012) Hamilton, Ontario (Religious Studies) TITLE: Reward and Punishment in Pseudo-Philo’s Liber Antiquitatum Biblicarum AUTHOR: Erich Engler, B.A. (Briercrest Bible College), M.A. (Trinity Western University) SUPERVISOR: Professor Eileen M. Schuller NUMBER OF PAGES: ix, 275 ii ABSTRACT: Almost every narrative in Pseudo-Philo’s Liber Antiquitatum Biblicarum (L.A.B.), a late first or early second century C.E. rewriting of scriptural texts and traditions, deals in some way with issues of reward and punishment, a prominent theme in early Jewish literature. In 1917, M. R. James observed that two “truths” were “foremost” among the “great truths” in L.A.B.: (1) “the indestructibility of Israel” and (2) Israel’s “duty of faithfulness to the one God” (Biblical Antiquities, 34). Most studies of reward and punishment in L.A.B. emphasize one of these two “great truths” to the virtual (or complete) exclusion of the other. This has resulted in sharply contrasting conclusions concerning the concepts of reward and punishment within Pseudo- Philo’s ideology. A promising perspective from which to reconsider the concepts of reward and punishment in L.A.B. is the view of reward and punishment, which, according to E. P. Sanders’s theory of covenantal nomism, was pervasive within Judaism of the first centuries of the Common Era (Paul and Palestinian Judaism, 75, 421‒423, 426). Such an investigation will be the focus of this thesis. Scholars such as Heikki Räisänen (Paul and the Law, 180 n. 92), Frederick J. Murphy (Pseudo-Philo: Rewriting the Bible, 233 n. 18), and Sanders (Judaism: Practice and Belief, 263‒275) have contended that L.A.B. exemplifies covenantal nomism but this premise has never been examined thoroughly. In this study, through a side-by-side analysis of L.A.B. and scriptural texts and traditions, we will identify the changes that Pseudo-Philo made to the scriptural account and then extract Pseudo-Philo’s ideology through a careful analysis of these changes. The recognition that L.A.B. is a late Second Temple period rewriting of scriptural texts and traditions is central to this examination. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: I thank Dr. E. Schuller for supervising my Ph.D. program, Dr. S. Westerholm and Dr. D. Machiela for serving on my supervisory committee, and Dr. A. Mendelson for serving on my supervisory committee at the beginning of my studies. I also thank Dr. M. G. Abegg, Jr., who supervised my M.A. program at Trinity Western University, for his encouragement during this stage of my studies. Finally, I thank my wife, Ruth, and our children, Daniel, Sarah, and Isaac, for their support. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS 1: INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................... 1 Pseudo-Philo’s Liber Antiquitatum Biblicarum ............................................................................ 4 Framework for Research ........................................................................................................... 11 Research Question ..................................................................................................................... 42 A Preliminary Discussion of Key Terminology ........................................................................... 45 Methodology ............................................................................................................................. 49 Outline of Thesis ........................................................................................................................ 54 2: THE REWARD AND PUNISHMENT OF ISRAEL’S PRE-SINAITIC ANCESTORS IN L.A.B. 1–8 ...... 56 The Noahic Covenant in L.A.B. 1–5 ............................................................................................ 57 The Impact of Reward and Punishment upon the Establishment of the Noahic Covenant in L.A.B. 1–3 ............................................................................................................................... 66 The Impact of Reward and Punishment upon Life in the Noahic Covenant in L.A.B. 4–5 ..... 79 The Abrahamic Covenant in L.A.B. 6–8 ..................................................................................... 85 The Impact of Reward and Punishment on the Establishment of the Abrahamic Covenant in L.A.B. ...................................................................................................................................... 97 The Impact of Reward and Punishment on Life in the Abrahamic Covenant in L.A.B. ........ 104 Conclusions concerning the Impact of Reward and Punishment upon Israel’s Ancestors in L.A.B. 1–8 ................................................................................................................................. 106 3: THE REWARD AND PUNISHMENT OF THE ISRAELITE COVENANT COMMUNITY AS A WHOLE IN L.A.B. ............................................................................................................................... 109 The Establishment of the Mosaic Covenant in L.A.B. .............................................................. 109 The Impact of Reward and Punishment upon the Establishment of the Israelite Covenant Community in L.A.B. ................................................................................................................ 122 The Impact of Reward and Punishment upon Life in the Israelite Covenant Community in L.A.B. ........................................................................................................................................ 136 Conclusions concerning the Impact of Reward and Punishment upon the Israelite Covenant Community as a Whole in L.A.B. ............................................................................................. 170 v 4: THE REWARD AND PUNISHMENT OF INDIVIDUAL ISRAELITES IN L.A.B. ............................ 173 Moral Causality ........................................................................................................................ 174 The Reward and Punishment of Individuals and the Acquisition of Membership in the Israelite Covenant Community in L.A.B. ................................................................................................ 182 The Impact of Reward and Punishment upon Life in the Israelite Covenant Community for Individual Israelites in L.A.B. .................................................................................................... 184 Individual Israelites in L.A.B. Whose Punishment for Sin Extends into the World to Come 184 Individual Israelites in L.A.B. Whose Punishment for Sin Might Extend into the World to Come .................................................................................................................................... 200 Individual Israelites in L.A.B. Whose Punishment for Sin does not appear to Extend into the World to Come ..................................................................................................................... 221 Homilies or Exhortations within L.A.B. Concerning the Impact of Reward and Punishment on Individuals within the Israelite Covenant Community ............................................................ 238 Deborah’s Parting Exhortation (L.A.B. 33:1–5) ................................................................... 238 The Song of Hannah (L.A.B. 51:3–6) .................................................................................... 242 Conclusions the Impact of Reward and Punishment upon Individual Israelites in L.A.B. ....... 248 5: CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................... 258 BIBLIOGRAPHY……..………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………265 vi LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1. L.A.B. 3:4 and Gen 6:17–18 in Parallel Columns ........................................................... 59 Table 2.2. L.A.B. 3:8c–10 and Gen 8:21–22 ................................................................................... 62 Table 2.3. L.A.B. 3:11 and Gen 9:8–11 ........................................................................................... 64 Table 2.4. L.A.B. 3:11d–g and Gen 9:1–7 ....................................................................................... 65 Table 2.5. L.A.B. 3:12 and Gen 9:12–17 ......................................................................................... 66 Table 2.6. L.A.B. 1:20 and Gen 5:28–29 ......................................................................................... 73 Table 2.7. L.A.B. 6:1 and Gen 11:4 ................................................................................................. 86 Table 2.8. L.A.B. 6:2 and Gen 11:3 ................................................................................................. 87 Table 2.9. L.A.B. 7:2–3a and Gen 11:5–7 ....................................................................................... 88 Table 2.10. L.A.B. 7:5b and Gen 11:8–9 ......................................................................................... 90 Table 2.11. L.A.B. 23:4–5, 8 and Josh 24:2–3 ................................................................................
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