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Universidad Técnica Del Norte Facultad De UNIVERSIDAD TÉCNICA DEL NORTE FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA EN CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS Y AMBIENTALES CARRERA DE INGENIERÍA AGROPECUARIA “EVALUACIÓN DE LA VARIABILIDAD GENÉTICA DEL MISO Mirabilis expansa Ruiz & Pav. Standley” Trabajo de grado previa a la obtener el Título de Ingeniera Agropecuaria AUTORA: NINA PACARI MUENALA CUSHCAGUA DIRECTORA: Ing. DORIS SALOME CHALAMPUENTE FLORES, M.Sc. Ibarra, abril 2019 AGRADECIMIENTO A la Universidad Técnica del Norte, en especial a la Carrera de Ingeniería Agropecuaria, por brindarme la oportunidad de estudiar y terminar mi carrera, a los docentes, quienes con su experiencia impartieron su conocimiento para el desarrollo de esta investigación. A Dios por haberme guiado con sabiduría durante estos años de estudios, a mis apreciados padres; Humberto Muenala y Juana Cushcagua, por haberme dado su apoyo y comprensión al brindarme de lo necesario para poder culminar mi carrera profesional. Agradezco también a mis hermano/as y demás familiares por haber puesto su granito de arena para poder superarme cada día en mis estudios A mi directora Ing. Doris Chalampuente, por su gran apoyo y paciencia, mi eterna gratitud, a mis asesores: Dra. Julia Prado, Ing. Miguel Gómez y Lcda. Ima Sánchez, a cada uno de ellos por su paciencia y aporte para que este estudio salga adelante. Nina Muenala DEDICATORIA Dedico este trabajo a Dios, por haber permitido llegar hasta este momento importante mediante su guía y protección, obtener mi formación profesional. A mi padre Humberto y a mi querida madre Juana, quienes siempre me apoyaron incondicionalmente y me enseñaron el valor de que no importa de dónde venimos sino hacia dónde vamos. A mí querido esposo Luis y a mí apreciada hija Jana, quienes son la fuente de inspiración para culminar este trabajo. A mis hermano/as Silvia, Shiry y Toa, por ofrecerme su cariño y recordarme la importancia de seguir adelante sin importar los obstáculos. A mis sobin@s Yanni, Nannys y familiares más cercanos que con sus ocurrencias siempre han logran sacar una sonrisa en mí. A mis abuelos y tíos, por todo su cariño. Por último, a mis amigas Maritza y Verónica por formar parte de las aventuras, alegrías y tristezas que compartimos en toda la etapa estudiantil. Nina Muenala ÍNDICE DE CONTENIDO RESUMEN ............................................................................................................................. V ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................... VI CAPÍTULO I ........................................................................................................................... 1 1. Antecedentes ........................................................................................................................ 1 1.2 Problema ............................................................................................................................ 2 1.3. Justificación ...................................................................................................................... 2 1.4. Objetivos: .......................................................................................................................... 3 1.4.1 Objetivo general. ............................................................................................................. 3 1.4.2 Objetivos específicos. ..................................................................................................... 3 1.5 Formulación de hipótesis ................................................................................................... 3 CAPÍTULO II .......................................................................................................................... 4 REVISIÓN DE LITERATURA .............................................................................................. 4 2. Origen del miso .................................................................................................................... 4 2.1 Importancia ........................................................................................................................ 4 2.2. Clasificación taxonómica .................................................................................................. 5 2.3. Descripción botánica ......................................................................................................... 5 2.4 Características nutricionales del miso ................................................................................ 6 2.5. Variedades......................................................................................................................... 6 2.6 Manejo agronómico ........................................................................................................... 7 2.7 Prácticas culturales............................................................................................................. 7 2.8 Plagas y enfermedades ...................................................................................................... 8 2.9 Usos del miso .................................................................................................................. 10 2.9.1 Alimentación para el ser humano. ............................................................................. 10 2.9.2 Alimentación para animales. ..................................................................................... 10 2.10 Etnobotánica .................................................................................................................. 11 2.10.1 Importancia de la etnobotánica. .................................................................................. 11 2.10.2 Enfoques de la etnobotánica. ...................................................................................... 11 2.10.3 Caracterización morfoagronómica. ............................................................................. 12 2.10.4 Evaluación morfoagronómica. .................................................................................... 12 2.10.5 Descriptores botánicos. .............................................................................................. 12 2.10.6 Germoplasma .............................................................................................................. 13 2.11 Materia seca ................................................................................................................... 13 2.11.1 Contenido de materia seca. ......................................................................................... 13 2.11.2 Acumulación de materia seca en raíz.......................................................................... 13 2.11.3 Acumulación de materia seca en tallo ........................................................................ 14 2.11.4 Acumulación de materia seca en hojas ....................................................................... 14 CAPÍTULO III ....................................................................................................................... 15 MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS .............................................................................................. 15 3.1 Características del área de estudio ................................................................................... 15 3.1 Fase descriptiva ................................................................................................................ 16 3.1.1 Ubicación del área de estudio ....................................................................................... 16 3.2 Materiales, equipos .......................................................................................................... 17 3.2.1 Fase de campo ............................................................................................................... 17 3.2.2 Ubicación del área de estudio ....................................................................................... 17 3.2.3 Materiales, equipos, insumos y herramientas ............................................................... 17 a. Material de campo .......................................................................................................... 17 b. Herramientas ................................................................................................................... 17 c. Material de oficina .......................................................................................................... 18 3.3 Métodos............................................................................................................................ 18 3.3.1 Fase descriptiva ............................................................................................................. 18 3.3.2 Método bola de nieve .................................................................................................... 18 3.3.3 Colecta de germoplasma ............................................................................................... 18 3.4 Fase de campo .................................................................................................................. 19 3.4.1 Factores en estudio ........................................................................................................ 19 3.4.2 Tratamiento. .................................................................................................................. 19 3.4.3 Diseño experimental y análisis estadístico. .................................................................
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