Psychological Problems of Physical Acquired Defect Deaf Blind Character in William Gibson’S Miracle Worker
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PSYCHOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF PHYSICAL ACQUIRED DEFECT DEAF BLIND CHARACTER IN WILLIAM GIBSON’S MIRACLE WORKER THESIS By: Ahmad Mufid Ridlo NIM: 03320037 ENGLISH LETTERS AND LANGUAGE DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF HUMANITIES AND CULTURE THE STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF MALANG 2008 PSYCHOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF PHYSICAL ACQUIRED DEFECT DEAF BLIND CHARACTER IN WILLIAM GIBSON’S MIRACLE WORKER THESIS Presented to: The State Islamic University of Malang in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra (SS) The Advisor: Sri Muniroch, SS., M.Hum NIP. 150 327257 By Ahmad Mufid Ridlo NIM: 03320037 ENGLISH LETTERS AND LANGUAGE DEPARTMENT HUMANITIES AND CULTURE FACULTY THE STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF MALANG 2008 APPROVAL SHEET This is to certify that the Sarjana's thesis of Ahmad Mufid Ridlo entitled Psychological Problems of Physical Acquired Defect Deaf Blind Character in William Gibson’s Miracle Worker has been approved by the thesis advisor for further approval by the board of examiners as the requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra (SS) in English Letters and Language Department. Malang, March, 27 2008 Acknowledged by The Head of Approved by The Advisor English Letters and Language Department Sri Muniroch, SS, M.Hum Dra. Hj. Syafiyah, MA. NIP. 150327257 NIP. 150246406 Acknowledged by The Dean of Humanities and Culture Faculty Drs. H. Dimjati Ahmadin, M. Pd. NIP. 150035072 LEGITIMATION SHEET This is to certify that the Sarjana’s Thesis of Psychological Problems of Physical Acquired Defect Deaf Blind Character in William Gibson’s Miracle Worker by Ahmad Mufid Ridlo has been approved by the Board of Examiners as the requirement for the degree of Sarjana Sastra (SS) in English Letters and Language Department, Humanities and Culture Faculty, The State Islamic University of Malang. Malang, April 18, 2008 Signature, 1. Dra. Istiadah, M.A. (Main Examiner) 1. ------------------ 2. Syamsudin, M.Hum (Chair) 2. ------------------- 3. Sri Muniroch, S.S, M.Hum (Advisor) 3. ------------------- Approved by The Dean of Humanities and Culture Faculty Drs. H. Dimjati Ahmadin, M.Pd NIP. 150 035 072 MOTTO “When we do the best we can, we never know what miracle is wrought in our life, or in the life of another.” __Helen Keller DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated to Everyone who struggles for the right equality of exceptional children. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Bismillahirrohmanirrohim…… Praise be to Allah the Almighty and the All Merciful who has given us his mercies and blessing, through his guidance and inspiration so that the writer can finish this thesis entitled “Psychological Problems of Physical Acquired Defect Deaf Blind Character in William Gibson’s Miracle Worker”. Sholawat and Salam be with the great prophet Muhammad S.A.W who has brought the Islamic norms and values. I realize that this thesis will never get success without any interference from other people. Therefore, I would like to give my first sincere gratitude to Prof. Dr. H. Imam Suprayogo, the Rector of UIN Malang, Drs. H. Dimjati Ahmadin, M. Pd., the Dean of Humanities and Culture faculty, and Dra. Hj. Syafiyah, MA., the Head of English Letters and Language Department. I wish to express my great appreciation to ibu Sri Muniroch , SS., M.Hum and Miftahul Huda S.Hum for the entire of their advises, criticisms, excellent ideas and constructive comments. Besides, I would like to express my big thanks to all the lecturers of English Letters and Language Department: Bu Istiadah, Bu Mundi, Bu Andar, pak syamsudin, Pak Langgeng, Pak Zaid, Pak Siswantoro and especially Bu Siti Masyitoh, I wish you forgive all my mistakes. Moreover, the biggest thanks, for my beloved family, especially my parents who have provided continuous spiritual and material support for me. To my father H. Achnan Asrory the most powerful and inspiring figure in my life, to my lovely mother, Hj. Maftuchah who has given me her unlimited love and affection. To my sister Mbak Uun Faridah, Spdi and her husband Mas Ahmad Fuady, Spdi may Allah blesses your family and give a clever and sholeh child. Furthermore, I would express my greatest thanks and love for my “Sweaty Pezexs” for giving all your attention and patience. Introducing and teaching me how to be more patient, mature and struggle against problems with the way you are. Someone who always supports me anytime and anywhere. May Allah S.W.T always blesses us and arranges the most beautiful things for our life, amen. The last but not the least, I say thanks to all of my best friends, Tojib, Pencenks, Nely, Vika, Qotex, Yik Amax, Soleng, Zawa, Bopenks, Pakd, Lohan, Aqied, Adnan, As’ad, I will never forget you all. You are the best friends I have. Thanks a lot to PMII Rayon Perjuangan Ibnu Aqiel for showing me another side of studying in college by Dzikir, Fikir, and Amal Sholeh. Also for all friends in the entire of my life. Finally, the researcher truly realized that this thesis still needs the constructive criticism and suggestion from the readers in order to make it perfect and hopefully it can be useful for the readers, especially for the letters and language students. Malang, March 2008 Ahmad Mufid Ridlo ABSTRACT Ridlo, Mufid, Ahmad. 2008. Psychological Problems of Physical Acquired Defect Deaf Blind Character in William Gibson’s Miracle Worker. Thesis. English Letters and Language Department, Faculty of Humanities and Culture. The State Islamic University of Malang. Advisor: Sri Muniroch, SS. M. Hum. Miftahul Huda, S.Hum Key Words: Psychology, Psycho Pedagogic. Everybody knows that either psychology or literature are two different science’s disciplines. We know that literature is related to the fiction world such: drama, novel, poems, essay which are classified as the art, whereas psychology is referred to scientific study concerning with the human behave and mental process. Although they are different, but both are having the similarity that is literature and psychology are started from humankind and life as the analysis source. Miracle Worker which is written by William Gibson is a drama that tells about Helen Keller, a young girl who losses her sight and hearing senses since nineteenth month because of an illness that is diagnosed as acute congestion of stomach and brain. This physical exceptional condition creates many difficulties and limits which affect to the psychological condition of the child. It also influences Helen’s emotion and behavior that seems to be naughty, wild, quick tempered and uncivilized child. Therefore, the family tries to find the solution to overcome Helen’s psychological problems. Education intervenes is the effort to solve Helen’s psychological problems, and during the learning process the methods which are applied is indicated as psycho pedagogic principles. Thus, this study is aimed at finding the psychological problems of Helen Keller, the causes and effects of Helen’s exceptional condition. Then, the researcher tries to describe the education intervenes that is indicated as Psycho pedagogic principles to solve Helen’s psychological problems. To achieve the above objectives of the study, this study is categorized as literary criticism since this study is emphasized on the analysis of a literary work. The primary data of this study are collected from William Gibson’s Miracle Worker. The researcher applies a psychological approach especially Kirk’s theories which are talking about the psychological perspective of exceptional children. Based on the result of analysis, Psychological problems of Helen Keller which are portrayed in the drama i.e. feeling different from other children, very depended on other people, easy to be angry, isolated, and unable to control the emotion. After identifying and analyzing the efforts of education intervenes to solve Helen’s psychological problems, the researcher finds that learning methods which are applied in the process of education is containing the psycho pedagogic principles such: Aids Principle, Readiness Principle, Individual Services Principle, Skill Principle, Love and Affection Principle, Self Supporting, Self Care, Self Help, and Self Concept. TABLE OF CONTENT COVER ………………………………………………………………...........i APPROVAL SHEET ……………………………………………………….ii LEGITIMATION …………………………………………………………..iii MOTTO ……………………………………………………………………. iv DEDICATION ………………………………………………………………v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ………………………………………………...vi ABSTRACT …………………………………………………………………viii TABLE OF CONTENT …………………………………………………….ix CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study ………………………………………...1 1.2 Statement of the Problems………………………………………..10 1.3 Objectives of the Study…………………………………………...11 1.4 Scope and Limitation……………………………………………..11 1.5 Significance of the Study…………………………………………12 1.6 Research Method…………………………………………………13 1.6.1 Research Design …………………………………………………13 1.6.2 Data Sources………………………………………………...16 1.6.3 Data Collection …………………………………………………...17 1.6.4 Data Analysis……………………………………………………...18 1.7 Definition of Key Terms………………………………………......18 CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 The Perspective of Exceptional Children…………………………..21 2.1.1 Definition of Exceptional Children....................................21 2.1.2 Classification and Kinds of Exceptional Children……….22 2.1.3 Exceptional Effects………………………………………22 2.2 The Blind Children Nature………………………………………....26 2.2.1 Definition of Blind Children……………………………...26 2.2.2 Classification of Blind Children…………………………..27 2.2.3 Etiology of Blind Children………………………………..28 2.2.4 Blindness Effects………………………………………….29 2.2.5 Other Senses Function for Blind Children………………...31 2.2.6