DOCSLIB.ORG

Mammals of China Ebook, Epub

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Mammals of China Ebook, Epub MAMMALS OF CHINA PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Andrew T. Smith,Yan Xie | 400 pages | 02 Jul 2013 | Princeton University Press | 9780691154275 | English | New Jersey, United States Mammals of China PDF Book As of one of 17 megadiverse countries in the world, [1] China has, according to one measure, 7, species of vertebrates including 4, fish, 1, bird, mammal , reptile and amphibian species. Musk deer and mouse-deer resemble small deer but are not true deer. Lyle's flying foxes. People's Daily. During the Tang Dynasty , about 1, years ago, rhinos were found across southern China and the imperial zoo had a captive breeding program that returned some animals to the wild. Deer is prized in China for the velvet of their antlers. Geoffroy's rousette and Leschenault's rousette , both dog- faced fruit bats, are the only megabats in China that can echolocate. The long-tailed goral lives in the northeast, along the borders with Russia and North Korea. Japanese Coast Guard. Keep up-to-date with NHBS products, news and offers. The last sighting confirmed by zoologist was in when a dead baiji dolphin washed ashore near Nanjing. Shrews and solenodons closely resemble mice, while moles are stout-bodied burrowers. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. The Liberty Times. Among others, it is feared that the Chinese paddlefish , as well as several species from the Yunnan lakes notably Dian , Erhai , Fuxian and Yilong , already are extinct. Journal of Cetacean Research and Management special issue 2 : — At least species are threatened, vulnerable or in danger of local extinction in China, due mainly to human activity such as habitat destruction, pollution and poaching for food, fur and ingredients for traditional Chinese medicine. The takin is a Class I protected species. Subcategories This category has the following 4 subcategories, out of 4 total. Series: Princeton Pocket Guides. Bovids of the World. Bats are found in great abundance and variety throughout China and are considered to be auspicious animals, symbolizing good fortune. Archived from the original on 4 March The sambar deer , the third largest deer species, is found throughout southern China, and on the islands of Hainan and Taiwan. A thirsty Bactrian camel can drink liters 30 gallons in only 13 minutes. Archived from the original PDF on 10 January Asian golden cat. Ground squirrel species include the Alashan , Daurian , red-cheeked , long-tailed and yellow ground squirrel. Main article: List of endangered and protected species of China. Archived from the original on 19 January Lorises have big eyes, tiny ears, live in trees and are active at night. Three leopard subspecies are thought to occur in China:. Mammals of China Writer China is home to species of amphibian. Wikimedia Commons. The red panda - which unlike the giant panda is not a bear and more closely resembles a raccoon - is from a separate family by itself Ailuridae , and is found in Sichuan and Yunnan. Though they can resemble rodents , and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early 20th century, they have since been considered a separate order. The Chinese mountain cat is endemic to China and lives on the north-eastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau. Northern Sumatran rhinoceros , will possibly become extinct during 20th century. It is the only single-volume reference of its kind to fully describe the physical characteristics, geographic distribution, natural history, and conservation status of every species. The Amur hedgehog Erinaceus amurensis hails from Manchuria, China. Siberian weasel. Download as PDF Printable version. The greater tube-nosed bat of Beijing feeds on aerial beetles. DOI: The definitive text is written by leading specialists and follows the most current global standards for mammalian systematics. Myotis or mouse-eared bats are delicate and furry bats with pointed ears. Other noctule bats in China include the common noctule , lesser noctule , and birdlike noctule. Wildlife of the Caribbean. Serows have shorter and coarser wool than gorals. Mongolian five-toed jerboa. They are related to manatees in the Western Hemisphere, and are only sirenian species found in Asian waters. This is a list of the mammal species recorded in China. The Siberian weasel , known locally as the "yellow rat wolf," is the most common weasel in China. The Chinese noctule , which is endemic to the southern half of the country and Taiwan, weighs three to four times as much as the Chinese pipistrelle. Retrieved on The Himalayan blue sheep , with much smaller horns than the argali, are agile climbers on Himalayan cliffs. Others include the grey dwarf , long-tailed dwarf , greater long-tailed hamster and black-bellied hamster. The animal lives in caves and dens, which they do not dig but take from other animals such as bears, foxes and Bobak marmots. Cavefish of China. The Siberian roe deer , once plentiful in the Northeast and favored as game meat, has also become a protected species. Oceanography of the East Sea Japan Sea. Paleontological Research. Lyle's flying foxes. March They used to be spread over much of northern China but are now confined largely to Inner Mongolia. Several areas still possess feasible habitats for dugongs today such as the Dongsha Atoll and the west coasts of Hainan and Leizhou Peninsula , and Chinese government funded to establish a sanctuary designed for dugong and mangrove conservation ranging from Hepu County to Shankou in Guanxi , [] also to secure local Chinese white dolphins. Greater false vampire bat. Whereas apes and monkeys are grouped as haplorhine or "dry nose" primates, lorises are strepsirrhine or "wet nose" primates. The Yunnan lar gibbon , a subspecies of the lar or white- handed gibbon , might be extinct in China. The Siberian musk deer in the northeast is considered vulnerable. Macaques are Class I protected species in China but their numbers have fallen sharply. The other odd-toed ungulates in China are the Mongolian wild ass and the Tibetan wild ass kiang. Mammals of China Reviews Wildlife in China share habitat with and bear acute pressure from the world's largest population of humans. Sumatran rhinoceros , extinct in China since Biodiversity Science. China's amphibian fauna includes an important element of widespread, generally non-threatened species though Mammal Review. Yamada, Peilie Wang Main article: List of butterflies of China. The animal is raised as pets and for its tender flesh, fine fur and ingredients for traditional Chinese medicine. The flesh of the bamboo rat is rich in protein and low in fat. Muntjacs are known for their soft hide and tender meat. In , eight animals in the latter herd were introduced into wilderness of the Dafeng Milu National Wildlife Reserve. Siberian weasel. Retrieved 23 October Many of our ebooks are available for purchase from these online vendors:. Gibbons are tree-dwellers , using their long arms to swing from branches. There are mammal species in China , of which thirteen are critically endangered, twenty-four are endangered, forty-seven are vulnerable, and seven are near threatened. Retrieved 7 January Shrews and solenodons closely resemble mice, while moles are stout-bodied burrowers. Songjiang water so much cleaner. The complex-toothed flying squirrel is endemic to southern China. Mammals of China Read Online China Environment Series. The former is endangered while the latter is not. Akiyama S. The Taiwan serow is endemic to Taiwan. The Solitary Bees. People's Daily. Wilson , W. Archived from the original on 8 October Bhutan giant flying squirrel. Journal of Ecocriticism. A few Indochinese tigers were known to live in Yunnan where six nature reserves have been established for their protection. Oceanography of the East Sea Japan Sea. The animal is rare and elusive. Tencent Video. The giant panda , perhaps China's most famous wildlife species, lives in six patches of highland valleys of the Min, Qionglai , Liang, Daxiangling , Xiaoxiangling and Qinling Mountains of the upper Yangtze River basin, which are spread over 45 counties in Sichuan , Gansu and Shaanxi. Herpetological Monographs. Mammals of China Andrew T. Quick View. Though the global population has rebounded, the animal remains a Class I protected species. The largest family of carnivorous mammals belongs to the otters , badgers , weasels , martens , and wolverines , all of which are found in China. Of the 90 or so species in the world, about one-fifth are found in China. Lesser mouse-deer. Several subspecies of the sika deer, including the Shanxi sika and the North China sika may have become extinct in the wild and survive exclusively in captivity. Bears, especially black bears, are also raised in captivity to harvest their bile for use in traditional Chinese medicine. Most mouse-eared bats are insectivores. Tibetan macaque. At least species are threatened, vulnerable or in danger of local extinction in China, due mainly to human activity such as habitat destruction, pollution and poaching for food, fur and ingredients for traditional Chinese medicine. The red deer, though quite common in Europe, has subspecies in China that are endangered. The greater false vampire bat of Guangxi is a carnivorous bat that feeds on rodents, fish, insects and smaller bats. Retrieved on 29 August Current promotions. They were hunted for their meat in the late s and early s during the Great Leap Forward. Reviews There are no reviews yet. Archived from the original PDF on 10 January Wild camels are critically endangered and found in the Gobi and Taklamakan Deserts. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition. There are about artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans. Archived from the original PDF on 9 January https://files8.webydo.com/9582815/UploadedFiles/DFA051EF-1122-6AB2-DC06-A1BA1561419D.pdf https://files8.webydo.com/9583653/UploadedFiles/E74AEF06-EDA5-8FED-2DA8-31903E2DFDD7.pdf https://cdn.starwebserver.se/shops/oliwerhenrikssonny/files/introduction-to-cosmology-596.pdf https://files8.webydo.com/9584070/UploadedFiles/BF64D787-E498-6828-569D-0BF61F999721.pdf https://files8.webydo.com/9583400/UploadedFiles/7A186F04-E589-7FD4-0AA2-7F910B26840C.pdf.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • South-Eastern Kazakhstan 19 to 28 May 2016
    South-eastern Kazakhstan 19th to 28th May 2016 Rich Andrews, Phil Bristow, Dave Gilmore, John Martin & Mike Powell. Introduction Reg Thorpe has been going to this area of Kazakhstan for a number of years and in 2015 a local South Wales birder, Martyn Hnatiuk, also went on one of the two back to back tours Naturetrek run each year. Reg had previously said how safe it was and MH had also confirmed it was both safe and a great birding destination. Timing is fairly important as most migrants pass through by mid-May but the Cosmos Station in the Tien Shan Mountains can still be blocked by late snow at this time. We decided that whilst seeing migrants would be nice it was the residents and summer breeders that were our goal so we opted for a 10 day trip during the last two weeks of May. Ground agents There are several companies offering birding tours to Kazakhstan. MCP set about contacting a few but we finally settled on www.rubythroatbirding.com who mainly work with VENT from North America along with Rockjumper and several other tour companies. The owner, Machiel Valkenburg was also personally available to lead our tour which was a bonus. After an exchange of emails we agreed on a standard three centre tour covering all the main sites with a minimum of three days in the mountains in case of any weather issues. Rubythroat Birding also had the advantage of using their own yurts for our two nights in the Taukum Desert rather than the canvas tents that the other tours use.
    [Show full text]
  • Features of Spatial Distribution and Population Number of the Imperial
    122 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2018, Спåцвûп. 1 Материалû конфåðåíцèй Features of Spatial Distribution and Population Number of the Imperial Eagle in the Kostanay Region, Kazakhstan ОСОБЕННОСТИ РАЗМЕЩЕНИЯ И ЧИСЛЕННОСТЬ ОРЛА- МОГИЛЬНИКА В КОСТАНАЙСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ, КАЗАХСТАН Bragin E.A. (Kostanai State Pedagogical University; Naurzum National Reserve, Kazakhstan) Bragin A.E. (SAOC RO «Don’ Heritage», Rostov on the Don, Russia) Брагин Е.А. (Костанайский государственный педагогический университет; Наурзумский государственный заповедник. Костанай, Казахстан) Брагин А.Е. (ГАУК РО «Донское наследие», Ростов-на-Дону, Россия) Контакт: Иçу÷åнèå раñïрîñòранåнèя è ÷èñлåннîñòè The study of the distribution and population Евгений Брагин îрла-мîгèльнèêа (Aquila heliaca) â Кîñòа- number of the Eastern Imperial Eagle Aquila [email protected] наéñêîé îблаñòè ïрîâîдèлîñь â òå÷åнèå heliaca in Kostanai oblast was conducted 1998–2017 гг. Ñ 1979 г. âåдёòñя ïîñòîяннûé during 1998–2017. Since 1979, there has Contact: мîнèòîрèнг гнåçдîâîé груïïèрîâêè â been ongoing monitoring of the breeding Eugene Bragin Наурçумñêîм çаïîâåднèêå. group in the Naurzum Nature Reserve. [email protected] Тåррèòîрèя Кîñòанаéñêîé îблаñòè, ïрî- The territory of the Kostanai region, ñòèраюùåéñя ñ ñåâåра на юг бîлåå ÷åм extending more than 700 km from north на 700 êм, êраéнå нåîднîрîдна. Ïîмèмî to south, is extremely heterogeneous. In ïîñлåдîâаòåльнîé ñмåнû ландшафòîâ îò addition to successive changes in landscape лåñîñòåïåé дî ñåâåрнûõ ïуñòûнь, умåнь- from forest-steppe to northern deserts, шåнèя лåñèñòîñòè ñ 7,2–14,8% дî 0,3– decreasing forest cover (from 7.2–14.8% 1,2% è дîлè раñïаõаннûõ çåмåль, для нåå to 0.3–1.2%) as well the share of plowed õараêòåрнû èнòраçîнальнûå è аçîнальнûå land, small patches of pine and deciduous ландшафòû.
    [Show full text]
  • John Ball Zoo Exhibit Animals ​(Revised 3/15/19)
    John Ball Zoo Exhibit Animals (revised 3/15/19) ​ Every effort will be made to update this list on a seasonal basis. List subject to change without notice due to ongoing Zoo improvements or animal care. North American Wetlands: ​ Muted Swans Mallard Duck Wild Turkey (off Exhibit) Egyptian Goose American White pelican (located in flamingo exhibit during winter months) Bald Eagle Wild Way Trail: (seasonal) ​ Red-necked wallaby Prehensile tail porcupine Ring-tailed lemur Howler Monkey Sulphur-crested Cockatoo Red’s Hobby Farm: ​ Domestic goats Domestic sheep Chickens Pied Crow Common Barn Owl Budgerigar (seasonal) Bali Mynah (seasonal) Crested Wood Partridge (seasonal) Nicobar Pigeon (seasonal) John Ball Zoo www.jbzoo.org Frogs: ​ Smokey Jungle frogs Chacoan Horned frog Tiger-legged monkey frog Vietnamese Mossy frog Mission Golden-eyed Tree frog Golden Poison dart frog American bullfrog Multiple species of poison dart frog North America: ​ Golden Eagle North American River Otter Painted turtle Blanding’s turtle Common Map turtle Eastern Box turtle Red-eared slider Snapping turtle Canada Lynx Brown Bear Mountain Lion/Cougar Snow Leopard South America: ​ South American tapir Crested screamer Maned Wolf Chilean Flamingo Fulvous Whistling Duck Chiloe Wigeon Ringed Teal Toco Toucan (opening in late May) White-faced Saki monkey John Ball Zoo www.jbzoo.org Africa: ​ Chimpanzee Lion African ground hornbill Egyptian Geese Eastern Bongo Warthog Cape Porcupine (off exhibit) Von der Decken’s hornbill (off exhibit) Forest Realm: Amur Tigers Red Panda
    [Show full text]
  • Red Panda Market Research Findings in China
    TRAFFIC RED PANDA MARKET RESEARCH BRIEFING FINDINGS IN CHINA MAY 2018 Ling Xu and Jing Guan KEY points: • Physical market surveys and interviews with local residents in Sichuan and Yunnan provinces found little evidence of any trade in Red Pandas. • A one-off online survey of Chinese websites found only two Red Panda products offered for sale. ©TRAFFIC SAMMI LI • Analysis of CITES trade data found discrepancies in the importer and exporter data ABSTRACT reported by Chinese, US and German CITES Management The Red Panda is a national second-class protected species in China—with both hunting Authorities. and trade prohibited—and is listed in Appendix I of the Convention on International • Based on seizure information, Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). It was upgraded to Sichuan province is the main Endangered on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species in 2015. During April to centre for illegal trade in Red May 2017, TRAFFIC conducted physical market surveys in areas close to Red Panda Pandas habitats (in Sichuan and Yunnan provinces) and an online market survey of Chinese websites. The results showed that only two dealers (one in the physical market and one in the online market) offered Red Panda products, which were allegedly obtained about 30 years ago (before the implementation of China’s Wild Animal Protection Law). Most surveyed shopkeepers (60/65) had never heard of or had little knowledge of the species. Interviews with local residents, including members of minority ethnic groups who traditionally use Red Panda products, found that almost all were no longer interested in Red Panda products.
    [Show full text]
  • Sumatran Rhinoceros
    Sumatran rhinoceros Name and species • Common name: Sumatran rhino • Synonyms: Asian two-horned rhino or the Hairy rhino • Scientific name: Dicerorhinus sumatrensis, from the Greek “di”, meaning "two", “cero”, meaning "horn" and “rhinos”, meaning "nose"; “sumatrensis”, from Sumatra Physical characteristics • Sumatran rhinos have a reddish-brown skin, in the wild variably covered with short bristly hair. In captivity the hair can grow out to a shaggy fur, because of less abrasion from vegetation. The ears edges have a prominent fringe of longer hairs, and the tail is terminate with a tuft of thicker hairs. There are two prominent folds in the skin circling the body behind the front legs and before the hind legs, and lesser folds on the neck and at the basis of the legs. The skin is rather thin, about 10-16 mm, and soft and pliable. Subcutaneous fat is absent in wild animals, but may occur in zoo specimens • The Sumatran rhino is considered the most “primitive” rhino species, because of its hairy skin and other ancient characteristics. It is the closest relative alive of the famous woolly rhinoceros that lived in the frigid lands of Europe and Asia during the past ice-ages • Sumatran rhinos are by far the smallest of the five living species of rhino. They weigh between 500-800 kilos, often more in captivity), stand 1.20-1.45 metres tall at the shoulder, and are about 2.50 metres long • The head is 70-80 cm in length and the tails vary in length from 35-60 cm • Sumatran rhinos have two horns, dark grey to black in colour.
    [Show full text]
  • Asiatic Golden Cat in Thailand Population & Habitat Viability Assessment
    Asiatic Golden Cat in Thailand Population & Habitat Viability Assessment Chonburi, Thailand 5 - 7 September 2005 FINAL REPORT Photos courtesy of Ron Tilson, Sumatran Tiger Conservation Program (golden cat) and Kathy Traylor-Holzer, CBSG (habitat). A contribution of the IUCN/SSC Conservation Breeding Specialist Group. Traylor-Holzer, K., D. Reed, L. Tumbelaka, N. Andayani, C. Yeong, D. Ngoprasert, and P. Duengkae (eds.). 2005. Asiatic Golden Cat in Thailand Population and Habitat Viability Assessment: Final Report. IUCN/SSC Conservation Breeding Specialist Group, Apple Valley, MN. IUCN encourages meetings, workshops and other fora for the consideration and analysis of issues related to conservation, and believes that reports of these meetings are most useful when broadly disseminated. The opinions and views expressed by the authors may not necessarily reflect the formal policies of IUCN, its Commissions, its Secretariat or its members. The designation of geographical entities in this book, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. © Copyright CBSG 2005 Additional copies of Asiatic Golden Cat of Thailand Population and Habitat Viability Assessment can be ordered through the IUCN/SSC Conservation Breeding Specialist Group, 12101 Johnny Cake Ridge Road, Apple Valley, MN 55124, USA (www.cbsg.org). The CBSG Conservation Council These generous contributors make the work of CBSG possible Providers $50,000 and above Paignton Zoo Emporia Zoo Parco Natura Viva - Italy Laurie Bingaman Lackey Chicago Zoological Society Perth Zoo Lee Richardson Zoo -Chairman Sponsor Philadelphia Zoo Montgomery Zoo SeaWorld, Inc.
    [Show full text]
  • Does Kinship Affect the Alarm Call Structure in the Yellow Ground Squirrel (Spermophilus Fulvus)?
    Lynx (Praha), n. s., 39(2): 295–303 (2008). ISSN 0024–7774 Does kinship affect the alarm call structure in the Yellow Ground Squirrel (Spermophilus fulvus)? Ovlivňují příbuzenské vztahy strukturu varovných signálů sysla žlutého (Spermophilus fulvus)? Vera A. Matrosova1, Ilya A. VOLODIN1,2 & Elena V. VOLODINA2 1 Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Vorobievy Gory, RU–119991 Moskva, Russia; [email protected] 2 Scientific Research Department, Moscow Zoo, B. Gruzinskaya, 1, RU–123242 Moskva, Russia received on 8 October 2008 Abstract. While the closer vocal similarity between mothers and their offspring compared to other con- specifics has been reported in many mammals, e.g. whales, bats and primates, no evidence is available that vocalizations of closely related kin encode relatedness in rodents. In the yellow ground squirrel Spermophilus fulvus, females maintain matrilineal kin groups and warn kin of potential predators through alarm calls. In this study, we examine whether the keys to relatedness are presented in the structure of alarm call in this species. Using the Mahalanobis distance, we compared the similarity of structural traits in the alarm calls of 15 related (mother-daughter) and 15 unrelated (adult-juvenile) female dyads in the yellow ground squirrel. No significant differences in the Mahalanobis distance between the two groups were found. In contrast to the keys to relatedness, the keys to individuality have been reported to be strongly expressed in the yellow ground squirrel alarms. With the prevalence of the keys to individuality over the keys to relatedness, kin recognition in the matrilineal groups of this species can be based on the strong keys to individuality.
    [Show full text]
  • The Vulnerable Red Panda Ailurus Fulgens in Bhutan: Distribution, Conservation Status and Management Recommendations
    Review The Vulnerable red panda Ailurus fulgens in Bhutan: distribution, conservation status and management recommendations S ANGAY D ORJI,RAJANATHAN R AJARATNAM and K ARL V ERNES Abstract The red panda Ailurus fulgens is categorized Introduction as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List. Pressurized by an expanding human population, it is mainly threatened he red panda Ailurus fulgens is a threatened mammal by habitat destruction, with , 10,000 mature individuals Trestricted to temperate and sub-tropical forests of remaining. The red panda has been studied in India, China, the eastern Himalayas, with the exception of a tropical 2001 Nepal and, to a lesser extent, Myanmar, but no research has forest population in Meghalaya, India (Choudhury, ). 82 been published on this species in Bhutan. Here, we report on Its distribution ranges from western Nepal ( °E) into India, the current distribution and conservation status of the red Bhutan and northern Myanmar through to the Minshan panda in Bhutan using information gathered from field Mountains and upper Min Valley of Sichuan Province in 104 1999 surveys, interviews and unpublished reports. Red pandas are south-central China ( °E) (Wei et al., c; Choudhury, 2001 1 most common at 2,400–3,700 m altitude in fir Abies densa ; Fig. ). The red panda occurs as two subspecies forests with an undergrowth of bamboo. They occur in most that are biogeographically separated by the Salween 2001 national parks and associated biological corridors within (Nu Jiang) River in China (Choudhury, ; Wang et al., 2008 Bhutan’s protected area network, overlapping with a rural ). A. f. fulgens occurs in the west in Bhutan, Nepal, human population that is undergoing increased socio- India, northern Myanmar and China (southern Tibet and economic development.
    [Show full text]
  • Giant Panda Facts (Ailuropoda Melanoleuca)
    U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Giant Panda Facts (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) Giant panda. John J. Mosesso What animal is black and white Giant pandas are bears with one or two cubs weighing 3 to 5 and loved all over the world? If you striking black and white markings. ounces each is born in a sheltered guessed the giant panda, you’re The ears, eye patches, legs and den. Usually only one cub survives. right! shoulder band are black; the rest The eyes open at 1 1/2 to 2 months of the body is whitish. They have and the cub becomes mobile at The giant panda is also known as thick, woolly coats to insulate them approximately three months of the panda bear, bamboo bear, or in from the cold. Adults are four to six age. At 12 months the cub becomes Chinese as Daxiongmao, the “large feet long and may weigh up to 350 totally independent. While their bear cat.” In fact, its scientific pounds—about the same size as average life span in the wild is name means “black and white cat- the American black bear. However, about 15 years, giant pandas in footed animal.” unlike the black bear, giant pandas captivity have been known to live do not hibernate and cannot walk well into their twenties. Giant pandas are found only in on their hind legs. the mountains of central China— Scientists have debated for more in small isolated areas of the The giant panda has unique front than a century whether giant north and central portions of the paws—one of the wrist bones is pandas belong to the bear family, Sichuan Province, in the mountains enlarged and elongated and is used the raccoon family, or a separate bordering the southernmost part of like a thumb, enabling the giant family of their own.
    [Show full text]
  • Age of Maturation and Behavioral Tactics in Male Yellow Ground Squirrel Spermophilus Fulvus During Mating Season
    Current Zoology 60 (6): 700–711, 2014 Age of maturation and behavioral tactics in male yellow ground squirrel Spermophilus fulvus during mating season Nina A. VASILIEVA*, Ekaterina V. PAVLOVA, Sergey V. NAIDENKO, Andrey V. TCHABOVSKY A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, 33, Leninsky pr., Moscow, 119071, Russia Abstract Life-history theory predicts that in hibernators age of maturation is related positively to body size and negatively to the duration of active season aboveground. Yellow souslik is a large-sized ground squirrel with long hibernation, which suggests late maturation. We used four-year field observations of marked individuals to determine the age of maturation in males through analysis of age-dependent variation in body size, mass, androgen status, timing of spring emergence, ranging patterns and social behavior during the mating season. Yearling males were smaller, lighter, had lower level of fecal testosterone, emerged later and had smaller home ranges than older males. Social activity and the number of females encountered did not differ between age classes. After the second hibernation none of the studied parameters varied with age. Cluster analysis revealed two behavioral tactics: “active” males (adults only) emerged earlier, ranged more widely, initiated more contacts, encountered more females and were heavier than “passive” males (both yearling and adult). Thus, males of S. fulvus reached adult size and matured after two hibernations, which is relatively fast for such a big species with short active period. Indirect evidence for copulations and high variation among yearlings in all parameters suggest that some of them might successfully compete with adults.
    [Show full text]
  • References: Future Works
    Phylogenomics and Evolution of the Ursidae Family Department of Biology Ammary Jackson, Keanu Spencer, & Alissya Theis Fig 8. Red Panda Fig. 6. American Black Bear (Ailurus fulgens) (Ursus americanus) Introduction: Ursidae is a family of generally omnivorous mammals colloquially Objectives: Results: referred to as bears. The family consists of five genera: Ailuropoda ● To determine the relatedness among the 30 individual bear taxa. Red Panda (giant panda), Helarctos (sun bear), Melursus (sloth bear), Tremarctos Spectacled Bear ● To determine if Ailurus fulgens obtained its common Spectacled Bear (spectacled bear), and Ursus (black, brown, and polar bears) all of Polar Bear name (Red Panda) from similarities to the genes Polar Bear which are found in North and South America, Europe, Asia, and Africa Polar Bear belonging to the Ursidae family or if it’s simply based on Polar Bear (Kumar et al. 2017.) The phylogenetic relationship between Ursidae Polar Bear phenotypic attributes. Polar Bear bears and the red panda (Ailurus fulgens) has been somewhat Brown Bear inconsistent and controversial. Previous phylogenetic analyses have Brown Bear Brown Bear placed the red panda within the families Ursidae (bears), Procyonidae Polar Bear Brown Bear (raccoons), Pinnepedia (seals), and Musteloidea (raccoons and weasels, Brown Bear Brown Bear skunks, and badgers) (Flynn et al. 2000.) Determining monophyly Methods: Cave Bear Cave Bear would elucidate the evolutionary relationship between Ursidae bears Sloth Bear ● Mitochondrial gene sequences of the ATP6 and ND1 genes Sloth Bear and the Red Panda. This analysis (i) tested the monophyly of the family Sun Bear were taken from a sample of 31 species (30 Ursidae family Sun Bear Ursidae; and (ii) determined how the Red Panda fits within the Black Bear and 1 Ailuridae family).
    [Show full text]
  • Carnivore Hotspots in Peninsular Malaysia and Their Landscape
    1 Carnivore hotspots in Peninsular Malaysia and their 2 landscape attributes 3 Shyamala Ratnayeke1*¶, Frank T. van Manen2¶, Gopalasamy Reuben Clements1&, Noor Azleen 4 Mohd Kulaimi3&, Stuart P. Sharp4& 5 1Department of Biological Sciences, Sunway University, Malaysia 6 7 2U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center, Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team, Bozeman, 8 MT 59715, USA 9 10 3Ex-Situ Conservation Division, Department of Wildlife and National Parks, Malaysia 11 12 4Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK 13 14 15 16 *Corresponding author 17 Email: [email protected] 18 19 ¶SR and FTVM are joint senior authors 20 &These authors also contributed equally to this work 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 Disclaimer: This draft manuscript is distributed solely for purposes of scientific peer review. Its content is 34 deliberative and pre-decisional, so it must not be disclosed or released by reviewers. Because the 35 manuscript has not yet been approved for publication by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), it does not 36 represent any official USGS finding or policy. 37 Abstract 38 Mammalian carnivores play a vital role in ecosystem functioning. However, they are prone to 39 extinction because of low population densities and growth rates, large area requirements, and 40 high levels of persecution or exploitation. In tropical biodiversity hotspots such as Peninsular 41 Malaysia, rapid conversion of natural habitats threatens the persistence of this vulnerable 42 group of animals. Here, we carried out the first comprehensive literature review on 31 43 carnivore species reported to occur in Peninsular Malaysia and updated their probable 44 distribution.
    [Show full text]