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Draft Monica Viken 160220
Denne fil er hentet fra Handelshøyskolen BIs åpne institusjonelle arkiv BI Brage http://brage.bibsys.no/bi Franchising in Norway: balancing complexity in a contractual relationship Monica Viken Handelshøyskolen BI Dette er siste forfatterversjon av artikkelen etter fagfellevurdering, før publisering i JFT: Tidskrift utgiven av Juridiska Föreningen i Finland, 152(2016)3: 338-365 Tidsskriftets forlag, Juridiska Föreningen i Finland, tillater at siste forfatterversjon legges i åpent publiseringsarkiv ved den institusjon forfatteren tilhører. http://jff.fi/ 1 Franchising in Norway – Balancing Complexity in a Contractual Relationship1 Associate Professor Ph.D Monica Viken 1. Introduction 1.1 Background and context The first known organized chain in Norway operating as a franchise is said to be a textile wholesale chain, established in 1966.2 The term “franchise” was not used, but the system matched the description of a franchise system. Franchising can be described as a commercial development strategy based on an interdependent partnership between independent commercial entities: the franchisor and franchisees.3 This partnership is typically based on the transfer of a package of intellectual property rights relating to trademarks, trade names, shop signs, utility models, designs, copyrights, know-how or patents, to be exploited for the resale of goods or the provision of services to end users.4 The number of franchise systems, as organisational forms, increased in Norway during the 1970´s, with 183 systems operating as franchises by 1998.5 The number is still increasing, with an estimated 242 franchise systems in 2004 and 300 systems in 2016.6 Within the retail industry one third of local units are owned or hired by a franchisee.7 As a result of this growth, 1 The author wishes to thank Petra Sund-Norrgård, Stojan Arnerstål and René Franz Henschel for their valuable feedback and comments. -
Annual Report
2011 annual report 2011 Contents Foreword 3 Organization and Staffing 4-5 Deprivation of Position by Court Judgment 6-7 Documenting Decisions in Criminal Cases 8-9 Police Corruption in Norway 10-11 The Conduct of Police Employees 12-13 The Use of Police Signature in Private Contexts 14-15 Incidents during Detention 16-17 Statistics 18-21 Decisions to Prosecute in 2011 22-25 Emergency Turn-Outs in 2011 26-27 Administrative Assessments in 2011 28-31 Court cases in 2011 32-35 Meetings and Lectures in 2011 36-37 The Norwegian Bureau for the Investigation of Police Affairs 38 Articles from Previous Annual Reports 39 annual report Copy Print Photo / Norwegian Bureau for the / PJ-trykk, Oslo / Frank Holm, Alelier Klingwall Investigation of Police Affairs / Cornelius Poppe, Berit Roald, ScanpiX Illustrations / Politiforum Design / layout / Harald Nygård / Getty Images / Newmarketing AS / Geir Hansen Foreword The purpose of the Annual Reports from the Bureau is, in addition to presenting statistical data, to point to opportunities for learning through experience. This year’s report focuses, among other things, on police detention. he Bureau has forwarded 220 cases that decisions regarding measures taken dur- the Bureau was maintained by the Director of to administrative assessment since its ing detention are not sufficiently documented. Public Prosecution. Testablishment on 1 January 2005. Typi- cally these cases have not resulted in punitive Despite the fact that the number of cases is One of the objectives of creating of the Bureau reactions, but the investigation has revealed a relatively small compared to the number of was to strengthen the public’s confidence in need for an improvement of routines. -
Å Nyansere Norsk Modernisme
Å nyansere norsk modernisme Espen Johnsen Nordic Journal of Architectural Research Volym 19, Nr 1, 2006,8 pages Nordic Association for Architectural Research Espen Johnsen, Dept. of Philosophy, Classics, History of Art and Ideas University of Oslo Abstract: Keywords: Nuances in Norwegian Modernism Norwegian architecture, Scandinavian Doricism, Emotional Func- The article raises some issues and discuss problems when writ- tionalism , modernism, Arne Korsmo, Blakstad & Munthe-Kaas. ing about modern Norwegian architecture 1910–1940. Shall we for this period study parallel tendencies or focus strictly on tendencies toward an international Modernism? A paradox in the last 25 years Jeg vil innlede med å stille et spørsmål: Er det slik at vi i has been that while we in Scandinavia have tried to write the early Norden prøver å innskrive oss i modernismens arkitektur- history of Modernism, writers abroad have focused more on par- historie, mens verden for øvrig forsøker å skrive oss ut av allel tendencies including National Romanticism and Scandinavian den samme historien? Forestillingen om å kunne og ville Doricism. Functionalism in Scandinavia during the 1930s has been ”se modernismen i bakspeilet”, aksentuert av undertittelen seen as a stylistic dissipation in respond to the heroic modernis- ”dansk og norsk arkitektur og design i et historiografisk tic formcredo. Are villas and furniture by Norwegian architects like perspektiv” antyder at det er modernismens arkitektur og Magnus Poulsson, Blakstad & Munthe-Kaas, Knut Knutsen and Arne design som -
Rik På Historie - Et Riss Av Kulturhistoriens Fysiske Spor I Bærum
Rik på historie - et riss av kulturhistoriens fysiske spor i Bærum Regulering Natur og Idrett Forord Velkommen til en reise i Bærums rike kulturarv, - fra eldre Det er viktig at vi er bevisst våre kulturhistoriske, arki- steinalder, jernalder, middelalder og frem til i dag. Sporene tektoniske og miljømessige verdier, både av hensyn til vår etter det våre forfedre har skapt finner vi igjen over hele kulturarv og identitet, men også i en helhetlig miljø- og kommunen. Gjennom ”Rik på historie” samles sporene fra ressursforvaltning. vår arv mellom to permer - for å leses og læres. Heftet, som er rikt illustrert med bilder av kjente og mindre Sporene er ofte uerstattelige. Også de omgivelsene som kjente kulturminner og -miljøer, er full av historiske fakta kulturminnene er en del av kan være verdifulle. I Bærum og krydret med små anekdoter. Redaksjonsgruppen, som består kulturminner og kulturmiljøer av om lag 750 eien- består av Anne Sofie Bjørge, Tone Groseth, Ida Haukeland dommer, som helt eller delvis er regulert til bevaring, og av Janbu, Elin Horn, Gro Magnesen og Liv Frøysaa Moe har ca 390 fredete kulturminner. utarbeidet det spennende og innsiktsfulle heftet. I ”Rik på historie” legger forfatterne vekt på å gjenspeile Jeg håper at mange, både unge og eldre, lar seg inspirere til å kommunens særpreg og mangfold. Heftet viser oss hvordan bli med på denne reisen i Bærums rike historie. utviklingen har påvirket utformingen av bygninger og anlegg, og hvordan landskapet rundt oss er endret. Lisbeth Hammer Krog Det som gjør “Rik på historie” særlig interessant er at den er Ordfører i Bærum delt inn i både perioder og temaer. -
European Employment Law Cases
European Employment Law Cases 2016 | 2 BELGIUM Court bans headscarf ban DENMARK Dismissing employee with disabled child not discriminatory UK Claimant must also show why ‘discriminatory’ practice is detrimental AUSTRIA May salary ladder be less steep at start of career? OM_EELC_2016_02.indd 1-2 25-7-2016 15:29:25 EELC Publisher List of national correspondents European Employment Law Cases (EELC) is a legal journal that is pub- Eleven International Publishing, Kanonstraat 4-IV, Country Name Website lished four times per year. Its principal aim is to publish judgments by P.O. Box 85576, 2508 CG The Hague, Austria Andreas Tinhofer, MOSATI Rechts anwälte www.mosati.at national courts in Europe that are likely to be of interest to legal prac- e-mail [email protected], website www.elevenpub.com. Belgium Chris van Olmen, Van Olmen & Wynant www.vow.be titioners in other European countries. To this end, EELC has a national Bulgaria Kalina Tchakarova, Djingov, Gouginski, Kyutchukov & Velichkov www.dgkv.com correspondent in almost every country within the EU (plus Norway), Subscriptions Croatia Dina Vlahov, Schoenherr Attorneys at Law www.schoenherr.eu who alerts the Editorial Board to such judgments within his or her own European Employment Law Cases is published quarterly. Annual sub- Cyprus George Z. Georgiou, Georgiou & Associates www.georgezgeorgiou.com jurisdiction. A case report describes the facts of the case and the main scription rates for 2016 are € 240 (print and online). A special subscrip- Czech Republic Nataša Randlová, Randl Partners www.randls.com aspects of the judgment. It also includes a Commentary by the author tion price for 2016 is available for EELA members. -
1414517* Ccpr/C/111/D/1942/2010
United Nations CCPR/C/111/D/1942/2010 International Covenant on Distr.: General 25 August 2014 Civil and Political Rights Original: English Human Rights Committee Communication No. 1942/2010 Views adopted by the Committee at its 111th session (7–25 July 2014) Submitted by: T.L.N. (represented by counsel, Steinar Thomassen) Alleged victim: The author State party: Norway Date of communication: 11 December 2009 (initial submission) Document references: Special Rapporteur’s rule 97 decision, transmitted to the State party on 14 May 2010 (not issued in document form) Date of adoption of Views: 16 July 2014 Subject matter: Lack of a duly reasoned judgement in appeal further to the author’s criminal conviction by a jury trial Substantive issues: Right to have one’s criminal conviction and sentence reviewed by a higher tribunal Procedural issues: None Articles of the Covenant: 14 (para. 5) Articles of the Optional Protocol: - GE.14-14517 (E) *1414517* CCPR/C/111/D/1942/2010 Annex Views of the Human Rights Committee under article 5, paragraph 4, of the Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (111th session) concerning Communication No. 1942/2010* Submitted by: T.L.N. (represented by counsel Steinar Thomassen) Alleged victim: The author State party: Norway Date of communication: 11 December 2009 (initial submission) The Human Rights Committee, established under article 28 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Meeting on 16 July 2014, Having concluded its consideration of communication No. 1942/2010, submitted to the Human Rights Committee by T.L.N. under the Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Having taken into account all written information made available to it by the author of the communication and the State party, Adopts the following: Views under article 5, paragraph 4, of the Optional Protocol 1. -
JUDGMENT of the COURT 25 March 2021 (Freedom of Movement
JUDGMENT OF THE COURT 25 March 2021 (Freedom of movement of persons – Directive 2005/36/EC – Recognition of professional qualifications – Access to profession of dental practitioner – Automatic recognition) In Case E-3/20, REQUEST to the Court under Article 34 of the Agreement between the EFTA States on the Establishment of a Surveillance Authority and a Court of Justice by the Supreme Court of Norway (Norges Høyesterett), in the case between The Norwegian Government, represented by the Ministry of Health and Care Services (Helse- og omsorgsdepartementet), and Anniken Jenny Lindberg, concerning the interpretation of Directive 2005/36/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 7 September 2005 on the recognition of professional qualifications, in particular Article 21, as adapted to the Agreement on the European Economic Area, THE COURT, composed of: Páll Hreinsson, President, Per Christiansen (Judge-Rapporteur), and Bernd Hammermann, Judges, Registrar: Ólafur Jóhannes Einarsson, having considered the written observations submitted on behalf of: Language of the request: Norwegian. Translations of national provisions are unofficial and based on those contained in the documents of the case. - 2 - − the Norwegian Government, represented by Kaija Bjelland and Torje Sunde, acting as Agents; − Anniken Jenny Lindberg (“Ms Lindberg”), represented by Tone Christin Galaasen and Per Andreas Bjørgan, Advocates; − the Austrian Government, represented by Dr. Albert Posch and Julia Schmoll, acting as Agents; − the Spanish Government, represented -
Hunsfos Fabrikker As, the Winding up Estate
RO SOMMERNES ADVOKATFIRMA DA Roald Amundsens gate 6 Postboks 1983 Vika N-0125 Oslo, Norway Tel. (+47) 23 00 34 40 Fax. (+47) 23 00 34 50 E-mail [email protected] www.rosom.no Oslo, 24th October 2011 REPORT TO KRISTIANSAND CITY COURT1 CASE No.: 11-133328 KON-KISA/07: HUNSFOS FABRIKKER AS, THE WINDING UP ESTATE 1 Office translation: In case of any discrepancy between the report in Norwegian and the report in English, the Norwegian version shall prevail. RO SOMMERNES ADVOKATFIRMA DA List of contents 1 ADDRESSES TO WHICH THE REPORT WILL BE SENT.................................................................................... 3 2 IDENTIFICATION OF WHOM THE CASE CONCERNS ..................................................................................... 4 2.1 Name.............................................................................................................................................................................. 4 2.2 Business address .......................................................................................................................................................... 4 2.3 Enterprise number ...................................................................................................................................................... 4 2.4 Branch............................................................................................................................................................................ 4 2.5 The Group ................................................................................................................................................................... -
14 09 21 Nordics Gids 200Dpi BA ML
1 Impressies Oslo Vigelandpark Architecten aan het werk bij Snohetta Skyline in stadsdeel Bjørvika Stadhuis Oeragebouw (Snohetta) Noors architectuurcentrum Gyldendal Norsk Forlag (Sverre Fehn) Vliegveld Gardemoen (N.Torp) Mortensrud kirke (Jensen Skodvin) Ligging aan de Oslo Fjord Vikingschip Museum Nationaal museum 2 Impressies Stockholm Husbyparken Bonniers Konsthalle Royal Seaport Bibliotheek Strandparken Medelhavsmuseet HAmmersby sjostad Riksbanken Markus Kyrkan Arstabridge Terminal building Vasaparken 3 Inhoudsopgave Inhoudsopgave Programma 5 Contactgegevens 7 Deelnemerslijst 8 Plattegronden Oslo 9 Plattegronden Stockholm 11 Introductie Oslo 13 Noorse architectuur 15 Projecten Oslo 21 Introductie Stockholm 48 Projecten Stockholm 51 4 Programma Oslo OSLO, vrijdag 12 september 2014 6:55 KLM vlucht AMS-OSL 9:46 transfer met reguliere trein van vliegveld naar CS (nabij hotel) 10:10 bagage drop Clarion Royal Christiania Hotel, Biskop Gunnerus' gate 3, Oslo 10:35 reistijd metro T 1 Frognerseteren van Jernbanetorget T (Oslo S) naar halte Holmenkollen T 11:10 Holmenkollen ski jump, Kongeveien 5, 0787 Oslo 12:00 reistijd metro T 1 Helsfyr van Holmenkollen T naar halte Majoerstuen T 12:40 Vigelandpark, Nobels gate 32, Oslo 14:00 reistijd metro T 3 Mortensrud van Majorstuen T naar halte Mortensrud T 14:35 Mortensrud church, Mortensrud menighet, Helga Vaneks Vei 15, 1281 Oslo 15:20 reistijd metro 3 Sinsen van Mortensrud naar halte T Gronland 16:00 Norwegian Centre for Design and Architecture, DogA, Hausmanns gate 16, 0182 Oslo lopen naar hotel -
Annual Report 2019Report Annual
III ANNUAL REPORT 2019 Introductrion Corporate governance The Agder Energi Group Agder Energi AS CSR III < > CONTENT Click on the text to go to the page of your choice Key figures 3 Group management 6 Group structure 7 Where we operate 8 Our business 9 Mission, vision og values 10 Highlights 2019 11 Well equipped for what lies ahead 13 Corporate governance 14 Enterprise risk management 18 Corporate social responsibility (CSR) 21 Director´s report 23 THE AGDER ENERGI GROUP Income statement 38 Comprehensive income 39 Statement of financial position 40 Statement of cash flows 41 Statement of changes in equity 42 Accounting principles 43 Notes 51 AGDER ENERGI AS Income statement 93 Statement of financial position 94 Statement of cash flows 95 Accounting principles 96 Notes 98 Auditor´s report 108 Alternative performance measures (APM) 112 CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR) AT AGDER ENERGI IN 2019 Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Sustainability 116 Sustainable energy for future generations 118 Important sustainability topics for Agder Energi 119 Group CSR goals 122 Value added statement 123 AGDER ENERGI ANNUAL REPORT 2019 2 Introductrion Corporate governance The Agder Energi Group Agder Energi AS CSR III < > KEY FIGURES RESULTS NOK mill. % 3000 25 30 Årsresultat Egenkapitalavkastning etter skatt25 2500 20 Drisresultat Avkastning sysselsatt kapital etter skatt 2000 20 15EBITDA 1500 15 10 1000 10 5 500 5 0 0 0 2019 2018 2017 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 EBITDA Operating income Net income Return on the capital employed (after tax) Avkastning sysselsatt kapital etter skatt Return on the equity after tax Egenkapitalavkastning etter skatt Def. -
The Two EEA Courts’ – a Norwegian Perspective 1
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives ‘The two EEA Courts’ – a Norwegian perspective 1 Dr. Halvard Haukeland Fredriksen, University of Bergen A. Introduction – the notion of ‘EEA Courts’ To most Norwegian lawyers, the term ‘the two EEA Courts’ would probably be understood as a reference to the EFTA Court and the Supreme Court of Norway rather than, as suggested here, to the EFTA Court and ECJ. The understanding of the ECJ as not only an EU but also an EEA Court of Justice has only slowly sunk in to the Norwegian legal community.2 However, not least due to the somewhat troubling prospects to the free movement of capital in the EEA offered by the ECJ’s application of Article 40 EEA in a recent string of cases, 3 appreciation of the ECJ as the gatekeeper for market operators from the EFTA States seeking judicial protec- tion in the EU appears to gain ground: If the ECJ embarks on an interpretation of EEA law which differs from its own interpretation of corresponding provisions of EU law, the result will be gradual undermining of the Agreements overall goal to extend the internal market to include the EFTA States. Thus, the fate of the EEA Agreement at long last hangs on its continued acceptance by the ECJ. Even acknowledging that the ECJ is to be understood as an EEA Court, most Norwegian lawyers would probably argue that this raises the number of EEA Courts to three – the Supreme Court of Norway, the EFTA Court and the ECJ.4 A recent survey of the applica- tion of EEA law in Norwegian courts 1994-2010 has revealed that lower Norwegian courts indeed do appear to see the Supreme Court as an EEA Court proper, taking its decisions into 1 Readers with command of Norwegian should be warned at the outset that this contribution draws heavily upon the more extensive account in the author’s report ‘EU/EØS-rett i norske domstoler’ [EU/EEA law in Norwegian Courts], Report commissioned by the Norwegian EEA Review Committee, Oslo 2011. -
Generelt Innholdsfortegnelse 1 Rjukan
Områdevis beskrivelse Generelt Innholdsfortegnelse 1 Rjukan .............................................................................................................................................. 2 1.1 Rjukan – bakgrunn, framvekst og særpreg ............................................................................. 2 1.2 Byformingsidealer omkring 1900 ............................................................................................ 3 1.2.1 Company towns og hagebybevegelsen ........................................................................... 3 1.2.2 «Egne-hjem» ................................................................................................................... 4 1.3 Teoretisk byplanteori – noen begreper ................................................................................... 5 1.4 Arkitektur - Typiske stiltrekk fra perioden 1905 – 1920 .......................................................... 6 1.4.1 Nasjonal byggeskikk ........................................................................................................ 6 1.4.2 Jugendstilen ..................................................................................................................... 7 1.4.3 Nyklassisismen ................................................................................................................. 7 1.4.4 Sveitserstil: 1840 - 1920 .................................................................................................. 8 1.5 Landskaps- og naturmessige forutsetninger på Rjukan: