NCEA Level 2 Art History (90228) 2011 — page 1 of 4

Assessment Schedule – 2011 Art History: Examine subjects and themes in art (90228) Evidence Statement Question One: Māori Art / Taonga

Achievement Achievement with Merit Achievement with Excellence For EACH of the two works: As for Achievement, plus: As for Merit, plus: Describes ONE key aspect of the Explains how the subject matter is Evaluates the significance of the subject matter. used to convey these themes / themes / ideas in Māori art. AND ideas. Explains the themes or ideas presented in EACH painting. Responses could include: Responses could include: Responses could include: Arnold Manaaki Wilson, Ode to Arnold Wilson uses his sculpture to Care of the natural resources of Tane Mahuta refer to traditional Māori use of has been a big Subject timber for carving the sculptures that concern for many people in this reflected the identity of each tribe. country, particularly for Māori. From The subject of Arnold Wilson’s Carved pou, panels on the wharenui the first arrival of Europeans the installation is clearly spelled out – and on waka were the primary face of the country has altered his concern is with the timber images of Māori sculptors, and his greatly and many Māori felt cut off industry. He writes, “Where have all pou updates this tradition. He from their traditional land and the trees gone, overseas every one” contrasts this with a pile of bark resources. As the country became on a box on top of a pile of bark chips, which is a reference to the industrialised this process has chips. He surrounds this with a timber industry in New Zealand accelerated. A concern for the number of contemporary carved where a large amount of timber is environment has been part of Treaty pou. exported in this form for the paper of Waitangi negotiations, which have Theme and process board industry here been important in New Zealand The theme of this work is the sale of and overseas. His words spell out development since the 1970s and timber from New Zealand to his message clearly – New Zealand Māori have been at the forefront of overseas companies for the paper timber can be used for a better many environmental protests and industry. His pou suggest the timber purpose than this. issues. Both Arnold Wilson and can be used for a nobler purpose. John Bevan Ford are using their art to add their voice to Māori concern John Bevan Ford has used a that the land of Aotearoa / New John Bevan Ford, Aotea 1 contemporary pattern making to Zealand is not being respected as it cover the land of New Zealand and Subject should be – Wilson by criticising the the protective cloak carried by the The subject of this painting is the timber industry, and Ford by bird, linking the two together. The arrival of the Māori in New Zealand, suggesting that nature is a gift Māori double-hulled canoe suggests that represented by the double-hulled were given and it should be this is about the arrival of the Māori canoe arriving on the coastline and respected. in this new land, while the southern the protective cloak of nature over cross in the sky, along with the the land, which is being carried by a jagged coastline and mountainous bird and laid over the land. land clearly identifies the country as Theme New Zealand. The cloak suggests The theme of his work is the need to shelter and protection, which the look after the land and natural land can give and the care that resources of New Zealand. Māori should give the resources such as the rivers, which are clearly visible in the drawing.

NCEA Level 2 Art History (90228) 2011 — page 2 of 4

Question Two: Art in Aotearoa

Achievement Achievement with Merit Achievement with Excellence For EACH of the two works: As for Achievement, plus: As for Merit, plus: Describes ONE key aspect of the Explains how the subject matter is Evaluates the significance of the subject matter. used to convey EACH artist’s themes / ideas in the representation AND themes / ideas. of the Māori in . Explains the themes or ideas presented in EACH painting. Gottfried Lindauer, Hori Kingi Te Lindauer’s portraits of Māori By the time Lindauer arrived in New Anaua provided an important means of Zealand in 1873, customs like Subject recording what was considered a tattooing were on the decline and noble race at a time when Māori European customs were Elderly Māori man of rank with full- were suffering a loss of population increasingly replacing the traditional face moko, dressed in traditional through diseases imported by culture of Māori. Photographs of the Māori kiwi-feather cloak with a Europeans and increasing conflict time, as well as other paintings by pounamu earring. He stares over land. Hori Kingi Te Anaua’s Lindauer, show Māori in European thoughtfully to the viewer’s right and expressionless gaze beyond the clothes. Lindauer expresses Hori has a determined mouth. painting, coupled with his obvious Kingi Te Anaua’s mana in the age, implies that the traditional photographic attention to detail. Theme heritage that he so proudly bears Many of his Māori works were He is represented as a noble Māori will be lost. While his moko shows commissioned by Māori themselves native of New Zealand, part of a that he is an important man, his grey and they became highly valued by race that was suffering under British mutton chops beard shows the descendents. Some show nostalgic colonial rule but was determinedly influence of European fashion. views of happy Māori women holding on to traditional culture. plaiting baskets. In these paintings he shows the influence of European Romantic ideas about the exotic. Goldie subsequently also painted Māori, but his paintings were more obviously of a dying race – Māori are shown in European clothes and blankets looking sad. Titles include ‘Last of the Cannibals’. Rita Angus: Head of a Māori Boy Throughout her career, Angus Rita Angus had exposure to Māori Subject demonstrated an interest in Māori culture when she lived in Waikanae, subjects. In Head of a Māori Boy, along the Kapiti Coast. This was The anonymous boy, identified only the solemnity of the expression and extended to Māori and Polynesian by the title as Māori, is dressed in the motionless pose is the result of culture and is reflected in her 1951 European clothing – a white shirt the contemplative way in which painting, Rutu. She was particularly and a green woollen jacket. His hair Angus worked. Her technique attracted to the powerful is short and he has no facial tattoos reflects her Pacifism and spiritual expressiveness and inventiveness or earrings. He stares to the left of approach to painting along with a of Māori art. the viewer. deep respect for the Māori race. The 1930s were a time of

The fact that the boy is young and heightened awareness of New Theme fresh-faced shows hope for the Zealand’s place in the world. Artists The boy is a modern Māori who future of Māori as does Angus’ and writers were forging a New wears European clothing, showing choice of spring colours in his jacket Zealand identity. Angus realised that that Māori did not die out. and the background. The boy’s hair Māori were an essential part of that and skin colour suggest that he has as they were beginning to be active Māori heritage. The European in politics and society by then. clothes suggest that identity is more The way Angus has painted the than clothes. Māori boy links him very clearly with By this time, the Māori population her other early Regionalist works: in had increased markedly and there Self Portrait of 1936 and Cass of the was a Māori renaissance occurring same year. under the guidance of Sir Apirana Ngata. NCEA Level 2 Art History (90228) 2011 — page 3 of 4

Question Three: French Art

Achievement Achievement with Merit Achievement with Excellence For EACH of the two works: As for Achievement, plus: As for Merit, plus: Describes ONE key aspect of the Explains how the subject matter is Evaluates the significance of the subject matter. used to convey EACH artist’s themes / ideas in the representation AND themes / ideas. of the middle class. Explains the themes or ideas presented in EACH painting. Edouard Manet, Boating The Impressionists painted scenes By the 1870s, Paris had been Subject that related to their own lives. They transformed into a modern city by enjoyed showing the types of Napoleon III and Baron Haussman. Boating shows a casually dressed occupations that made up the lives This was paralleled by the growth of couple out enjoying themselves in a of their families and friends. They the middle class. Rather than the small yacht on the water. The often did scenes that showed water history paintings popular in woman is relaxed and the man is as they enjoyed experimenting with academic art or the socialist- sailing the boat. the changing effects created by light influenced images of workers by the and shadow on water. Here, Manet Realists, the Impressionists painted Theme combines his interest in depicting the lives of this middle class, A middle-class couple enjoy leisure the middle classes at leisure with his paintings of people like themselves time outdoors, a theme increasingly growing interest in capturing fleeting and their friends. depicted by Impressionist artists. light. Works like Boating and La Loge depicted qualities of good living, gaiety, charm and a way of life that Renoir, La Loge Scenes from evening entertainment and the entertainment industry were was no longer the prerogative of the Subject also common in the depiction of the aristocracy. New chemically This painting is of a couple at the middle classes by the produced paints in tubes could be theatre. They are in a theatre box at Impressionists. La Loge gives used outdoors to capture the fleeting the Opera or the ballet. Both are Renoir the opportunity to explore atmospheric effects the beautifully dressed in evening this theme through his depiction of Impressionists sought, while the clothes. The man is looking at the the couple sitting in their theatre box influence of photography and stage through opera glasses while and also gives him the chance to Japanese art is seen in a new range the woman has her gold opera explore the vivid effects of lighting of subject matter, cropped glasses balanced on the edge of the within the theatre and on the fabrics compositions, and occasional box as she stares out towards the of their elaborate evening clothes. blurred images. Both materials and stage. There is also an unusual subject matter embodied modernism composition, which is cut off like a – modern life for the middle classes is represented in a new modern Theme Japanese print at either side of the painting. manner. The middle class at leisure - evening entertainment. This was a popular activity for the Parisian middle and upper classes.

NCEA Level 2 Art History (90228) 2011 — page 4 of 4

Question Four: New Zealand Architecture

Achievement Achievement with Merit Achievement with Excellence For EACH of the two buildings: As for Achievement, plus: As for Merit, plus: Describes the function of EACH Explains how the subject matter is Evaluates the significance of the building. used to convey EACH artist’s themes / ideas in the self portraits. AND themes / ideas. Explains the themes or ideas conveyed through the architectural features of the building. Leonard Terry, Bank of New In the nineteenth century, banks The aim of both architects is to Zealand were not regulated as they are convey a feeling of security for your Subject today. It was important that people financial transactions but the could trust the company that looked buildings reflect the eras in which Leonard Terry’s Bank of New after their finances. Banks were built each was designed. The Zealand in was originally a to give the impression of security. Stephenson Turner building is tall, bank. This contained a banking The three-storey palazzo style, with sleek and modern and is intended to chamber for the public to come and rusticated stonework and columns evoke ideas of modern, corporate do their financial transactions and on the ground floor and segmental power. This model was developed in offices for the bank manager and arches on the second storey was the USA by architects like Mies van other people who worked there. chosen for this bank, because it has der Rohe in the 1950s and was associations with the Italian banking adopted by corporate architects Theme industry where the banking industry worldwide. In , the capital It was important that Bank had developed. It is also the style of New Zealand, the development of architecture looked solid, secure used for many banks in England, buildings like these in the late and prosperous. The classical style which was the model for most seventies meant that this country chosen for this bank and the nineteenth-century architecture in was developing a corporate masonry construction gives the New Zealand. structure to match the financial impression that this bank was a industry worldwide. The architects’ use of the height, the grid and secure place to invest your money. By contrast the Wellington BNZ minimalist materials clearly spells tower is a dark, minimalist out an international corporate skyscraper. It towers above the Stephenson Turner, BNZ message. street and suggests that this is a Subject very big, powerful corporation, ideas Leonard Terry was aiming to The BNZ tower in Wellington is also which link it to the buildings of the achieve similar messages in his a bank. It has similar functions to the financial industry overseas. The grid building. At a time when banks were Auckland bank, a banking chamber of windows and the slick surfaces, not as secure as they are today, he for the public and offices for the staff broken only by the two floors of wanted to bring associations of the who work there but it is much recessed windows giving interest to European banking industry to his bigger, showing how the financial the façade, place it firmly in a Auckland building. Built of masonry industry has developed. lineage of corporate modern at a time when many of New buildings which developed from the Zealand’s buildings were of timber, this handsome, Italianate building Theme post-WWII era. was designed to inspire confidence It is in the international modern in the public. style, which links this building with corporate architecture worldwide.

Judgement Statement

Achievement Achievement with Merit Achievement with Excellence A M E