Parts of theodolite and their functions pdf Continue The components and their the TheodoliteA compass functions measure direction by measuring the angle between the line and the direction of the reference, which is a magnetic meridian. The compass can measure angles up to 30 accuracy and judgment to 15. The principle of the compass is based on the property of the magnetic needle, which at free suspension takes the direction of north-south. Thus, compass measurements affect external magnetic influences, and therefore in some areas the compass is unsuitable. In this here we will discuss another method of measuring the direction of lines; theodolit is very often used to measure angles in the survey work. There are various theodolites, optical, electronic, etc. improvements (from one form to another) have been made to ensure simplicity of work, better accuracy and speed. Electronic theodolites display and store corners at the touch of a button. This data can also be transferred to the computer for further processing. We begin our discussion with the simplest theodolite-faithful theodolite. Theodolit is a simple and inexpensive tool, but very valuable in terms of measuring angles. The common vernier theodolite measures angles up to an accuracy of 20 in the compass, where the line of sight is simple, limiting its range, theodolites are provided by telescopes that provide a much greater range and better ac-curacy in sighting distant objects. It is, however, a delicate tool and should be treated with caution. Theodolit measures horizontal angles between lines and can also measure vertical angles. The horizontal angle measured can be turned on by angle, angle of deviation or outer angle in the traverse. A vertical angle is an angle in a vertical plane between the sloping line of view of the instrument and the horizontal one. In the following sections, we will discuss theodolit verna, as well as its use in shooting. Theodolit is a tool designed to measure angular measurements. It is one of the most accurate instruments available for angular measurements on the market. You'll know Theodolit parts and features here. In addition to measuring angles, it can also be used to extend survey lines, set estimates, identify points on the line, identify differences in level, etc. Theodolit Parts and Functions: There are many different theodolit parts. But here in this article, you will understand the common and important parts of theodolite. Head level: Head level is used for three purposes; (i) Provides a bearing for the outer hollow spindle. (ii) This is the average time a tool is attached to a tripod, and (iii) is the average time the tool is aligned. In modern instruments, it embodies scene displacement or head displacement or centering with which the suspended plumb-bean can easily and quickly be centered over the point. The leveling head can consist of either two round plates (called parallel plates located at a fixed distance from each other, the location of the socket and the ball with four screws, which are called screws for legs or aligning screws), or a tribal plate (with three hands, which carries a leveling screw). 2. Limb or Lower Plate: The outer axis is attached to the lower plate, which consists of a horizontal circle, usually the entire circle of division, i.e. with the whole gradation of the circle: from 0 to 360 in the direction of clockwise. Perpendicular to the bottom plate is the outer hollow spindle, which, attaching an inner spindle, rotates in the leveling head. This lower plate is locked to align the head and also moves relatively using a screw clamp and a tangent screw, and such a movement is called lower motion. It is also called as a scale plate and has its edge beveled. The nature of the gradation depends on the size of the tool; He may be graduated to a degree and a half degree and one- third of the degree or degree and one sixth degree. It is the diameter of this plate that actually denotes the size of the instrument, for example, 10 cm or 15 cm of the device, etc. The lower plate is attached to the top screw and can be slightly rotated against the top of the instrument by a tangent screw. 3. Spindles: There are two spindles or axes or centers one inside the other. The two axes are such that they are co-axis that form the vertical axis of the instrument. The outer spindle is hollow, the interior of which is formed conical to accommodate the central vertical axis or internal axis, which is solid and conical. 4. Upper plate: This part of theodolite is also known as a more faithful plate and is attached to the inner axis. The clamp and tangent screws are designed to clamp the top plate with the bottom plate. If both plates are clamped, the lower clamp is weakened, the instrument can rotate around the outer axis, while if the bottom plate is clamped and the upper plate is weakened, the instrument can rotate around the inner axis. The top plate is secured by two verniers A and B with magnifiers. These verniers are placed 180 degrees apart to read horizontal angles up to 1-0 minutes or 20 seconds, but in larger instruments, three verniers are placed at 120. The top plate with standards (A-frames) is sometimes called aledad theodolite. 5. Standards or A-frame: These two theodorite parts or standards, which resemble the letter A in the form, stand on the upper plates to support the horizontal axis. Watch the video below to understand theodolite parts easily. 6. Tube level: Two levels of spirit, called plate levels, are fixed on the top surface of the vernier plate. They are at right angles to each other, and one of them Axis. 7. Compass: A circular or trough-like compass box attached to the instrument. The circular type is mounted on the top plate between the A-frame. While the type of trough is attached under the scale plate or screwed to one of the standards. In modern theodolites, the tubular type of compass is screwed to one of the standards. 8. Telescope: This theodolit part is used to observe distant objects. It is rigidly fixed in the center of the horizontal axis and perpendicular to it. It can be rotated either horizontally or vertically. Horizontal motion can be measured on a horizontal graded circle using two verniers, and vertical motion can be measured on a vertical graded circle by two more verniers. 9. Vertical Circle: These theodorite parts are rigidly attached to the telescope and moves with the motion or rotation of the telescope. It has two verniers C and D, and a circle of silver and is divided into four quadrants. In each quadrant, gradations from 0 to 90 degrees are marked in opposite directions from two zeroes at the ends of the horizontal diameter of the circle. The line of attaching zeros parallels the telescope's collimation line when it is perfectly horizontal. The smallest amount of vertical circle vernier is usually the same as that of horizontal circle verniers. The clamp and tangent screws of the vertical circle help in setting up any desired position exactly in the vertical plane. 10. T-frame or index bar: it is T-shaped and is located on the horizontal axis of the telescope in front of the vertical circle. Two verniers C and D are provided at the ends of horizontal hands or limbs called the index hand. The vertical leg, called a clipped arm, is provided with a fork and two screws on the lower limb. The index and hand clipping together are known as T-Frame. At the top of this frame, a bubble tube is attached, which is called a height bubble tube, or an azimuth bubble tube. 11. Plumb bob: A sheer bean suspended from the hook mounted at the bottom of the vertical axis. It is used for the center of the instrument just above the point of the station. The cord is provided by a sliding knot so that the drop will be adjusted at the desired level. 12. Tripod: It is umenpowered in the most important theodolit parts. This is a three-legged stand on which theodolit is supported when taking angular measurements during the survey. Legs can be hard or framed, but hard leg tripod is the most common. Legs can be made of wood or metals, and pointed steel boots are provided at the lower ends to make them strongly pressed to the ground. The tripod should be tough. The staffing head is equipped with an external screw, which can be fitted with an internal screw of the device. The lid is screwed to protect the outer screw when the tripod does not Use. Thanks for reading. Don't forget to share it. Read more: Types of alignment tools used in the review. Rakifa Rahman Chowdhury Theodolit is a popular shooting tool. It's a measurement tool by which we can find horizontal and vertical angles. It is an electronic device and has complex details. To learn theodolit shooting survey the surveyor must know all the parts of the theodolit machine. The following article discusses the main parts of theodolite to make the device familiar to the surveyor. Knowing the theodolite parts is important. Parts should be used to each other. Without the regulation of parts it is impossible to work accurately. Whenever theodorite is used in sites, each part is taken seriously. Depending on the placement of the parts, the result of the measurement can be changed or stable.