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Horizontal Directional Drilling Glossary

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Horizontal Directional Drilling Glossary AN HDD GUIDE HORIZONTAL DIRECTIONAL DRILLING GLOSSARY A comprehensive guide to all terms HDD to make sure you can “talk the talk” when on the job. Horizontal directional drilling has been gaining ground for quite some time in the construction industry as the ideal solution for installing pipes and utilities without having to dig up long trenches. At Melfred Borzall, with our 70+ years of experience designing and building groundbreaking drilling solutions, we understand the best way to push the industry forward is to have innovative solutions and increase education about HDD. In our HDD Glossary, we’ve compiled 70 HDD terms along with clear definitions for each term to help expert drillers and new drillers to all talk the same talk and help streamline communication on your next job. HORIZONTAL DIRECTIONAL DRILLING GLOSSARY 2 "TALK THE TALK" HDD GLOSSARY HDD Tooling & Equipment Terms TERM & ALTERNATE DEFINITION DRILL HEAD The lead portion of the drilling process that TERMS Housing, Transmitter houses the transmitter inside to enable the Housing, Head, locator to see where the drill bit is located A ADAPTER Configurable adapter piece that allows drillers to Sonde Housing underground. It comes in different bolt patters Sub, Crossover, and can connect to various types of blades and Tailpiece use various manufacturer’s drill bits and blades with others’ starter rods, housings, and other bits depending upon the ground condition. configurations. Often customizable to fit specific needs of a jobsite tooling setup. DRILL RIG A trenchless machine that installs pipes and Rig, Drill cables by drilling a pilot bore to establish the AIR HAMMER Tool used in HDD designed to bore through location of the underground utility before difficult rock formations using a combination of enlarging the hole if needed and pulling back thrust, pressure and rotation to chip and carve the product. rock from a hole. DRILL ROD High strength hollow steel pipes joined to form Pipe B BACKREAMER Cutting head attached to the leading end of a a string used to transmit rotational torque and Reamer, Hole thrust, and to transport drilling fluid from the Opener, Expander drill string to enlarge the pilot bore during a pull-back operation to enable the product pipe to drill rig to the downhole tools. be installed. DUCT PULLER Device that connects duct, pipe or utility to a BARREL Puller, Carrot, Towing A large cylindrical add-on tool that centers Head, Pull Head pullback device to ensure it won’t disconnect Stabilizer, Pig, downhole. Centralizer reamer. It centers and stabilizes the drill rod, reamer and product pipe on center to create a round hole and successful bore. F FILTER CAKE A thin layer of bentonite drilling fluid that seals the borehole preventing the flow of liquids from BENTONITE A natural clay material having thixotropic the borehole into the native soil. properties which is used as a basic ingredient for drilling muds and lubricants. FLY CUTTER Style of reamer that has an open blade Wagon Wheel configuration. BIT Tools that excavate soil or rock and facilitate Blade, Duck Bill, steering at the face of the bore. Common types H Drill Bit, Paddle, HOLE OPENER Downhole tool that uses rolling cutters to of drill bits used in HDD include slant-face bits, Rock Reamer Steer Plate enlarge a hole in hard soil and rock formations. slanted-face rock bits, rotary rock bits, and percussive bits. L LOWBOY A semi-trailer with two drops in deck height: (low-loader in British one right after the gooseneck and one right BREAKOUT Manual or hydraulic tool used to connect or English, low-bed in before the wheels. This allows the deck to be WRENCH break tool joints at access points forward of western Canada and extremely low compared with other trailers. the drill rig. South Africa or float in Australia) BURP HOLE A hole dug along the bore path to relieve downhole pressure to help prevent inadvertent M MIXING A system of pumps, hoppers, venturi mixers, returns or hydrolocking. SYSTEM hoses and tanks used to create the proper drilling fluid mixture suitable for the local geological C conditions. CUTTINGS Earth, rock, and other materials removed Spoil, Slurry during drilling MUD MOTOR Downhole tool for drilling in rock using D pressurized fluid to power rotating cutterheads. DETERGENT One of several drilling fluid additives that Soap reduces clay balling and keeps tooling clean. P PDC BIT PDC (Polycrystalline Diamond Compact) bits are suited to rocky conditions and offer extremely DRILL FLUID Largely comprised of water, drilling fluids high ROP (rates of penetration) and long life Mud Mix, Slurry usually include bentonite and if warranted in rock. other additives such as soda ash, polymers, and detergents to address water and soils PDC REAMER PDC (Polycrystalline Diamond Compact) properties that could compromise the successful Reamers are used in the same difficult completion of the HDD installation. rocky formations as PDC bits to give greater penetration power and life to your reamer. HORIZONTAL DIRECTIONAL DRILLING GLOSSARY 3 PILOT BORE First, usually steerable, pass of any boring Soil Conditions Pilot, Bore, Pilot Phase, Initial Bore operation which later requires back-reaming or other enlargement. Most commonly applied to guided drilling, directional drilling and 2-pass microtunnelling systems. TERM & ALTERNATE DEFINITION TERMS PIPE ROLLER Bearings placed beneath the pipe to prevent it from dragging on the ground before entering the pit. B BOG Wetland that accumulates peat, a deposit of dead plant material—often mosses, and in a R RECEIVER An electronic instrument used to determine majority of cases, sphagnum moss. It is one of Locator, Guider, the four main types of wetlands. Magic Box the position and strength of electro-magnetic signals emitted from a transmitter sonde in the pilot head of a boring system, or an impact C CALICHE This is a sedimentary rock, a hardened mole tool or from existing underground services natural cement of calcium carbonate that binds which have been energised. Sometimes referred other materials—such as gravel, sand, clay, to as a Walkover System. and silt. RECEIVING PIT This is the final pit dug in which the successful Exit hole, Exit Pit COBBLES Rounded rock formations that come in various bore will emerge at the end of the line. The sizes. Best to find a way to push them out of the reamer, utility or pipe being pulled back is way rather than cut through them attached in this pit. D DECOMPOSED Rock of granitic origin that has weathered to the RECYCLER As part of the mud mix system, this machine Reclaimer GRANITE point that it readily fractures into smaller pieces separates solids from drilling fluid, and of weak rock. recirculate cleaned fluids back into the drill. Once only used on large pipeline jobs it is fast becoming common place on all HDD jobs due to GRAVEL This is a loose aggregation of rock fragments. the rising cost and scarcity of fluid disposal. Classified by particle size, it can make for tricky drilling conditions if not using the proper equipment REMOTE A monitor, usually located on the drill rig, that DISPLAY allows the locator to view where the transmitter H Monitor, Display is located. HARD PAN A layer of firm detrital matter, as of clay, underlying soft soil. S SHACKLE Piece to connect the pulling grips and pullers Anchor Shackle, L LIMESTONE Clevis to your swivel when connection type doesn’t A hard sedimentary rock, composed mainly of match up directly. calcium carbonate or dolomite, used as building material and in the making of cement STARTER ROD Threaded connector piece that allows for easy EZ Connect, detachment and exchange of directional heads R Quick Connect, RIVER ROCK River rock can come in all sizes and colors and reamers. Transition Rod depending upon the source. But all river rock has been smoothed by the forces of water and friction so that there are no sharp edges. SWIVEL Devices placed between the reamer and the duct Pullback Swivel, Clevis Swivel, puller or pulling head to eliminate rotation of the RUNNING Running sand hazards can occur where Thread-on Swivel product during pullback. SAND excavations in the sand go below the water table, where springs occur at the base of sand T outcrops, around leaking drains or mains water TRANSITION Transition subs connect directly between the supply pipes or in entire sand bodies if vibrated SUB drill pipe and the housing or backreamer. The (liquefaction) e.g. by an earthquake. Flex Sub overall length of the transition sub allows you to pull into the machine wrenches to make up or break loose from the drill pipe. S SANDSTONE Sedimentary rock consisting of sand or quartz grains cemented together, typically red, yellow, TRANSMITTER Transmitter located near the front of an HDD or brown in color. Beacon, Sonde, Probe drill string that sends an electronic signal that provides location and depth of the drill string SHALE Soft, finely stratified sedimentary rock that near the bit. The sonde signal also transmits formed from consolidated mud or clay and can be pitch, roll, temperature, and battery status to the split easily into fragile slabs. receiver. V VACUUM Another word for “vacuum”. This is a stand-alone Sucker piece of equipment used to suck drill fluid and slurry out of the pit or from burp holes while drilling. Z ZAPALERT System that installs to HDD rigs to alert crews Strike Alarm to the possibility of a strike on an underground power line. HORIZONTAL DIRECTIONAL DRILLING GLOSSARY 4 HDD Terms TERM & ALTERNATE PULLBACK DEFINITION Tensile load applied to a drill string during TERMS FORCE pull-back. Guided boring and directional drilling rigs are generally rated by their maximum pull-back force.
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