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Insecta:Lepidoptera) Captured Over Time in the Forest "Dumbrava Sibiului" (Sibiu County) Romania

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Insecta:Lepidoptera) Captured Over Time in the Forest Analele Universităţii din Oradea, Fascicula Biologie Original Paper Tom. XXVI, Issue: 1, 2019, pp. 21-26 LEPIDOPTERAN SPECIES OF THE FAMILY LYCAENIDAE (INSECTA:LEPIDOPTERA) CAPTURED OVER TIME IN THE FOREST "DUMBRAVA SIBIULUI" (SIBIU COUNTY) ROMANIA Cristina STANCĂ-MOISE * * “Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Food Industry and Environmental Protection, Sibiu, Romania Corresponding author: Cristina Moise, “Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Food Industry and Environmental Protection, 5-7 Ion Ratiu, 550371 Sibiu, Romania, phone: 0040269234111, fax: 0040269234111, e-mail: [email protected] Abstract. The presented species of the genus Maculinea consist of individuals preserved in the collections of the Natural History Museum of Sibiu, but also recently collected by author in the field. Collecting has started more then a hundred years ago, in 1907. The paper mentions the endangerment degree of the species as well as possible causes and certain proposals to maintain their natural habitat. Keywords: Maculinea species (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae), Dumbrava Sibiului Forest. INTRODUCTION identifications belonging to Daniel Czekelius, as presented in his works [6-12, 16]. Biodiversity conservation becomes more and more The most important collections displaying important within the national and international politic butterflies of Maculinea Genus are found at the agenda [5]. The horizons of conservation strategies Museum of Natural History of Sibiu, and their analysis diversify with the identification of new (natural or have proven the existence of Maculinea individuals human) pressure factors [23]. For this reason, also in Dumbrava Sibiului Forest [4, 17-19, 26, 37, 66]. biodiversity monitoring, i.e. species and habitats is a It is known that among Lepidoptera, the national priority, in order to provide biodiversity Lycaenidae Family is the best represented, after optimal existence conditions. Nymphalidae , at global level being known about 6000 The Dumbrava Sibiului Natural Park is a protected species, [24], while in Romania there are documented natural area, hosting natural habitats of wild flora and 59 species belonging to this family [30, 58, 63]. fauna, organized as Natural Reservation according to The butterflies of Maculinea Genus are small, with the Emergency Ordinance No. 57/2007 [3]. vivid colors, sometimes with metallic dusting. From Among the species of concern, insects are ethological point of view, it is known the relationship important links in the food chain, and their presence between some of the larvae belonging to this genus give a feeling of confidence in the equilibrium state of with ants, being protected and feed by these, thus ecosystems [13, 33]. presented [63, 64]. The butterflies of the Maculinea Genus are known Our analysis has found that the collecting place of for the relationships between their larvae and certain these individuals is not mention in detail (e.g. the name plants, and their presence certifies the stability of an of the lawn). ecosystem [28, 61, 64, 65]. In this context, the paper presents our results in of From historical point of view, it is worthy to the butterfly species belonging to the Maculinea mention some reference works on Lepidoptera [2, 26, Genus, corroborating our results with other specialists 29, 30, 32, 34-36] certain authors being focused on the ones. Maculinea Genus: Czekelius [6-12], Niculescu-König [25], Popescu-Gorj[27]. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the monograph Romanian Catalogue of Lepidoptera, published in 2003 [30], the authors Investigated species : five butterflies species confirm the existence of five species belonging to the Collections studied : these 5 species have been Maculinea Genus: Maculinea arion (Linnaeus, 1758), scrutinized in the five collections of Lepidoptera. Maculinea arion teleius (Bergsträsser, 1779)= After studying these five collections of Lepidoptera euphemus Hübmer, [1800] , Maculinea nausithous to identify species collected over the years from (Bergsträsser, 1779)= arcas Rottemburg, 1775 , Dumbrava Sibiului Forest area, we have identified 242 Maculinea alcon ([Denis&Schiffermüller], 1775), species in 634 individuals [53] distributed as follows: Maculinea rebeli (Hirschke, 1904)= xerophila Berger, - 35 species and 39 individuals of Macrolepidoptera 1946, that have been found over time in Romania [30]. collected from Sibiu Dumbrava Forest, between 1871- In the monograph "The Butterflies of Romania", 1930 [4, 6-12, 25, 26, 64] preserved in Dr. Daniel published in 2008 [58], there also described five Czekelius Lepidoptera collection in Transylvania ; species of Maculinea , collected from Transylvania and - 51 species and 184 individuals collected between other Romanian geographical regions 1903-1958 [16], in Entomological Collection of Dr. From Dumbrava Sibiului Forest have been Eugen Worell in Sibiu ; collected butterflies even since 1888, the first 21 Stancă-Moise, C. - Lepidopteran species of the Family Lycaenidae (Insecta: Lepidoptera) captured over time in the forest "Dumbrava Sibiului" (Sibiu County) Romania - 142 species and 385 individuals collected between – hibernation–V. Larvae development: after hatching 1903-1954 [18] in Transylvanian Lepidoptera larvae attacks the flowers and seeds of the host plants collection Dr. Victor Weindel [19]; [62]. Flight period: 1G/year; VI–VII [14]. Ecology: - 10 species and 14 individuals collected between Biotope: slopes with vegetation, leafy forests, shrubs, 1957-1963 in the Heinrich Hann von Hannenheim wet soils, peat soils, up to 900 m altitude. Larval food Collection of Butterflies ; plants: Gentiana pneumonanthe, G. cruciata, Prunella - 4 species and 12 individuals collected between 1956- vulgaris, Festuca heterophylla, Hieracium racemosus, 1961 [26,27] in the Collection of Butterflies Prof. Rolf Veronica officinalis, Poa nemoralis [1]. Ethology: in Weyrauch . warm places has also G2 [58]. Studying the collections of W. Weber and Schneider Eckbert, we have not identified individuals Maculinea rebeli Hirschke, 1904 (3555 Ro, K. & R. collected from Dumbrava Sibiului Forest [15, 20-22, 7116) (sin. M. xerophila Berger, 1946) 38-56]. Individuals in collections: The date of publishing: Field studies: The studied area for the presence of 1♀, 17.VII.1940 EW [53]; these butterfly species are the lawns near the Biogeographic region: species existing in many Dumbrava Sibiului Forest, towards: Cisnadioara European areas, including Romania, but with local (45°7'N 24°1'E), Poplaca (45°43'0" N și 24°3'0" E) and distribution, [29]. Status: VU [30]. Habitat types : Rasinari (45°7'N și 24°0'7"E), of Sibiu County, wet meadows, bush areas, grasslands, meadows [58]. Romania. Biology: Eggs: the eggs are laid by the female, in small For our field researches we have used the classical groups on the leaves of the host plant. Larva: VII– collecting method, using the butterfly net. The hibernating–V. Larval development: the caterpillars collecting period was the summer (from May to hatch from eggs after approx. 21 days [58]. The August) of the years 2001, 2011 and 2015. Collecting development of the G1 larvae takes approx. 30 days, was performed only during sunny of little cloudy days. having both day and night activity. Some caterpillars of The following abbreviations are used in the text: G1 can carry on their activity until hibernation, * = Corresponding serial number from the Catalog of continuing it the next spring, others pupating and butterfly species Romania [30]. hibernating as chrysalis; these can be seen hanging on ** = Classification and nomenclature propose [27, support branches [14]. Flight period: 1G/year; VI–VII 30,57] [58]. Ecology: Biotope: their habitat depends on host DC = Daniel Czekelius Lepidoptera collection, EW = plant. Larval food plants: Tretorhiza cruciata, Eugen Worell Lepidoptera collection, VW =Viktor Festuca heterophylla, Fragaria vesca, Gentiana lutea, Weindel Lepidoptera collection, HH = Heinrich Hann Poa nemoralis, Viola reichenbachiana, Hieracium von Hannenheim Lepidoptera collection, RW = Rolf racemosum, Veronica officinalis, V. chamaedrys [1, Weyrauch, CM =Cristina Moise. Lepidoptera 58]. Ethology: The chrysalis stage in those not collection, According to the Romanian Red List, the hibernating takes 30 days. In warm areas presents G2 danger of a species is symbolized by: CR - Critical [13]. endangered; EN – Endangered; NT - Near threatened; VU – Vulnerable. Maculinea arion Linnaeus, 1758 (3551 Ro, K. & R. 7112). RESULTS Individuals in collections: The date of publishing: 3♂♂, 12.VIII.1940 EW; Butterfly collections – investigation results Biogeographic region: Transylvania, Carpathians, We have focused in this study only on the species Banate, North-Oltenia, North-Moldavia, North- belonging to the Maculinea Genus (Lepidoptera: Muntenia [58]. Status: NT [30]. Habitat Lycaenidae) they have been reported over time in types :grasslands, meadows, bush areas, dry plains, Dumbrava Sibiului Forest. rock slopes[58]. Biology: Eggs: eggs are laid by ♀, isolated on flower bunds in VII. Larva: VIII– Maculinea von Ecke, 1915 (3550 Ro, K. & R. 7111) hibernating–VI. Larval development: hatching takes (sin. Argus Boisduval, [1832], nec Scopoli, 1763) place after about 7 days; larvae attack the host plant seeds and flowers while in forming. After the second Maculinea alcon alcon ([Denis&Schiffermüller, 1775) mould 2 they fell on ground, where they are taken by (3554 Ro, K. & R. 7115) ants of Myrmica Genus, which are attracted by the
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