Poison Hemlock Conium Maculatum L
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The Vascular Plants of Massachusetts
The Vascular Plants of Massachusetts: The Vascular Plants of Massachusetts: A County Checklist • First Revision Melissa Dow Cullina, Bryan Connolly, Bruce Sorrie and Paul Somers Somers Bruce Sorrie and Paul Connolly, Bryan Cullina, Melissa Dow Revision • First A County Checklist Plants of Massachusetts: Vascular The A County Checklist First Revision Melissa Dow Cullina, Bryan Connolly, Bruce Sorrie and Paul Somers Massachusetts Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program The Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program (NHESP), part of the Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife, is one of the programs forming the Natural Heritage network. NHESP is responsible for the conservation and protection of hundreds of species that are not hunted, fished, trapped, or commercially harvested in the state. The Program's highest priority is protecting the 176 species of vertebrate and invertebrate animals and 259 species of native plants that are officially listed as Endangered, Threatened or of Special Concern in Massachusetts. Endangered species conservation in Massachusetts depends on you! A major source of funding for the protection of rare and endangered species comes from voluntary donations on state income tax forms. Contributions go to the Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Fund, which provides a portion of the operating budget for the Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program. NHESP protects rare species through biological inventory, -
Poisonous Plants
Dr. Sharon M. Douglas Department of Plant Pathology and Ecology The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station 123 Huntington Street, P. O. Box 1106 New Haven, CT 06504 Phone: (203) 974-8601 Fax: (203) 974-8502 Founded in 1875 Email: [email protected] Putting science to work for society Website: www.ct.gov/caes POISONOUS PLANTS INTRODUCTION only attractive but also tastes sweet. The Poisonous plants have always been part of situation of plant poisoning of children is daily life. In the nineteenth century, quite different than with adults since poisonings due to plants reached near- children have great curiosity and will often epidemic levels as people often foraged for chew on anything within their reach, sources of food from natural plantings. especially attractive berries or fruit. Today, potentially dangerous plants can still Children are also less likely than adults to be found all around us. Poisonous plants are spit out unpleasant-tasting substances. frequently part of interiorscapes in homes as Since much smaller quantities are necessary well as in landscape plantings outdoors. to produce a toxic reaction in children, the This has become increasingly problematic as risks of poisoning due to ingestion are much more and more cultivated, exotic plants greater than for adults. However, regardless from throughout the world are introduced of age, reactions to poisonous plants vary into the landscape. Recent studies have with the individual and can be influenced by estimated that 3.5% of all poisonings in the diet, metabolism, and medications being United States are due to plants. taken. All types of native and introduced plants can The term “poisonous” designates many be poisonous including ferns, herbaceous kinds of reactions or effects. -
Flowering Plants Eudicots Apiales, Gentianales (Except Rubiaceae)
Edited by K. Kubitzki Volume XV Flowering Plants Eudicots Apiales, Gentianales (except Rubiaceae) Joachim W. Kadereit · Volker Bittrich (Eds.) THE FAMILIES AND GENERA OF VASCULAR PLANTS Edited by K. Kubitzki For further volumes see list at the end of the book and: http://www.springer.com/series/1306 The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants Edited by K. Kubitzki Flowering Plants Á Eudicots XV Apiales, Gentianales (except Rubiaceae) Volume Editors: Joachim W. Kadereit • Volker Bittrich With 85 Figures Editors Joachim W. Kadereit Volker Bittrich Johannes Gutenberg Campinas Universita¨t Mainz Brazil Mainz Germany Series Editor Prof. Dr. Klaus Kubitzki Universita¨t Hamburg Biozentrum Klein-Flottbek und Botanischer Garten 22609 Hamburg Germany The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants ISBN 978-3-319-93604-8 ISBN 978-3-319-93605-5 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93605-5 Library of Congress Control Number: 2018961008 # Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2018 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. -
Well-Known Plants in Each Angiosperm Order
Well-known plants in each angiosperm order This list is generally from least evolved (most ancient) to most evolved (most modern). (I’m not sure if this applies for Eudicots; I’m listing them in the same order as APG II.) The first few plants are mostly primitive pond and aquarium plants. Next is Illicium (anise tree) from Austrobaileyales, then the magnoliids (Canellales thru Piperales), then monocots (Acorales through Zingiberales), and finally eudicots (Buxales through Dipsacales). The plants before the eudicots in this list are considered basal angiosperms. This list focuses only on angiosperms and does not look at earlier plants such as mosses, ferns, and conifers. Basal angiosperms – mostly aquatic plants Unplaced in order, placed in Amborellaceae family • Amborella trichopoda – one of the most ancient flowering plants Unplaced in order, placed in Nymphaeaceae family • Water lily • Cabomba (fanwort) • Brasenia (watershield) Ceratophyllales • Hornwort Austrobaileyales • Illicium (anise tree, star anise) Basal angiosperms - magnoliids Canellales • Drimys (winter's bark) • Tasmanian pepper Laurales • Bay laurel • Cinnamon • Avocado • Sassafras • Camphor tree • Calycanthus (sweetshrub, spicebush) • Lindera (spicebush, Benjamin bush) Magnoliales • Custard-apple • Pawpaw • guanábana (soursop) • Sugar-apple or sweetsop • Cherimoya • Magnolia • Tuliptree • Michelia • Nutmeg • Clove Piperales • Black pepper • Kava • Lizard’s tail • Aristolochia (birthwort, pipevine, Dutchman's pipe) • Asarum (wild ginger) Basal angiosperms - monocots Acorales -
Insecta:Lepidoptera) Captured Over Time in the Forest "Dumbrava Sibiului" (Sibiu County) Romania
Analele Universităţii din Oradea, Fascicula Biologie Original Paper Tom. XXVI, Issue: 1, 2019, pp. 21-26 LEPIDOPTERAN SPECIES OF THE FAMILY LYCAENIDAE (INSECTA:LEPIDOPTERA) CAPTURED OVER TIME IN THE FOREST "DUMBRAVA SIBIULUI" (SIBIU COUNTY) ROMANIA Cristina STANCĂ-MOISE * * “Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Food Industry and Environmental Protection, Sibiu, Romania Corresponding author: Cristina Moise, “Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Food Industry and Environmental Protection, 5-7 Ion Ratiu, 550371 Sibiu, Romania, phone: 0040269234111, fax: 0040269234111, e-mail: [email protected] Abstract. The presented species of the genus Maculinea consist of individuals preserved in the collections of the Natural History Museum of Sibiu, but also recently collected by author in the field. Collecting has started more then a hundred years ago, in 1907. The paper mentions the endangerment degree of the species as well as possible causes and certain proposals to maintain their natural habitat. Keywords: Maculinea species (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae), Dumbrava Sibiului Forest. INTRODUCTION identifications belonging to Daniel Czekelius, as presented in his works [6-12, 16]. Biodiversity conservation becomes more and more The most important collections displaying important within the national and international politic butterflies of Maculinea Genus are found at the agenda [5]. The horizons of conservation strategies Museum of Natural History of Sibiu, and their analysis diversify with the identification of new (natural or have proven the existence of Maculinea individuals human) pressure factors [23]. For this reason, also in Dumbrava Sibiului Forest [4, 17-19, 26, 37, 66]. biodiversity monitoring, i.e. species and habitats is a It is known that among Lepidoptera, the national priority, in order to provide biodiversity Lycaenidae Family is the best represented, after optimal existence conditions. -
State of New York City's Plants 2018
STATE OF NEW YORK CITY’S PLANTS 2018 Daniel Atha & Brian Boom © 2018 The New York Botanical Garden All rights reserved ISBN 978-0-89327-955-4 Center for Conservation Strategy The New York Botanical Garden 2900 Southern Boulevard Bronx, NY 10458 All photos NYBG staff Citation: Atha, D. and B. Boom. 2018. State of New York City’s Plants 2018. Center for Conservation Strategy. The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY. 132 pp. STATE OF NEW YORK CITY’S PLANTS 2018 4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 6 INTRODUCTION 10 DOCUMENTING THE CITY’S PLANTS 10 The Flora of New York City 11 Rare Species 14 Focus on Specific Area 16 Botanical Spectacle: Summer Snow 18 CITIZEN SCIENCE 20 THREATS TO THE CITY’S PLANTS 24 NEW YORK STATE PROHIBITED AND REGULATED INVASIVE SPECIES FOUND IN NEW YORK CITY 26 LOOKING AHEAD 27 CONTRIBUTORS AND ACKNOWLEGMENTS 30 LITERATURE CITED 31 APPENDIX Checklist of the Spontaneous Vascular Plants of New York City 32 Ferns and Fern Allies 35 Gymnosperms 36 Nymphaeales and Magnoliids 37 Monocots 67 Dicots 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report, State of New York City’s Plants 2018, is the first rankings of rare, threatened, endangered, and extinct species of what is envisioned by the Center for Conservation Strategy known from New York City, and based on this compilation of The New York Botanical Garden as annual updates thirteen percent of the City’s flora is imperiled or extinct in New summarizing the status of the spontaneous plant species of the York City. five boroughs of New York City. This year’s report deals with the City’s vascular plants (ferns and fern allies, gymnosperms, We have begun the process of assessing conservation status and flowering plants), but in the future it is planned to phase in at the local level for all species. -
La Cicuta: Poison Hemlock
ALERTA DE MALA HIERBA NOCIVA EN EL CONDADO DE KING Cicuta Mala hierba nociva no regulada de Clase B: Poison Hemlock Control recomendado Conium maculatum Familia Apiaceae Cómo identificarla • Bienal que alcanza de 8 (2.4 m) a 10 pies (3 m) de altura el segundo año. • Hojas color verde encendido tipo helecho con un fuerte olor a moho • El primer año, las plantas forman rosetas basales de hojas muy divididas y tallos rojizos con motas • El segundo año, los tallos son fuertes, huecos, sin pelos, con nervaduras y con motas/rayas rojizas o púrpuras • Plantas con flores cubiertas con numerosos racimos pequeños con forma de paraguas de diminutas flores blancas de cinco pétalos • Las semillas se forman en cápsulas verdes y acanaladas que con el tiempo La cicuta tiene hojas de color verde se vuelven marrones brillante, tipo helecho con olor a moho. Biología Se reproduce por semilla. El primer año crece en forma de roseta; el segundo, desarrolla tallos altos y flores. Crece rápidamente entre marzo y mayo; florece a finales de la primavera. Cada planta produce hasta 40,000 semillas. Las semillas caen cerca de la planta y se desplazan por la erosión, los animales, la lluvia y la actividad humana. Las semillas son viables hasta por 6 años y germinan durante la temporada de crecimiento; no requieren un periodo de letargo. Impacto Altamente tóxica para el ser humano, el ganado y la vida silvestre; causa Los tallos gruesos y sin pelos tienen la muerte por parálisis respiratoria tras su ingestión. El crecimiento manchas o vetas de color púrpura o rojizo. -
Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases List of Plants for CONIINE
Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases List of Plants for CONIINE Plant Part Low PPM High PPM StdDev Reference Aloe ortholopha Leaf Nash, R. J., Beaumont, J., Veitch, N. C., Reynolds, T., Benner, J., Hughes, C. N. G., Dring, J. V., Bennett, R. N., Dellar, J. E. 1992. Phenylethylamine and Piperidine Alkaloids in Aloe Species. Planta Medica, 581: 84-87. Aloe descoingsii Leaf Nash, R. J., Beaumont, J., Veitch, N. C., Reynolds, T., Benner, J., Hughes, C. N. G., Dring, J. V., Bennett, R. N., Dellar, J. E. 1992. Phenylethylamine and Piperidine Alkaloids in Aloe Species. Planta Medica, 581: 84-87. Aloe krapohliana Leaf Nash, R. J., Beaumont, J., Veitch, N. C., Reynolds, T., Benner, J., Hughes, C. N. G., Dring, J. V., Bennett, R. N., Dellar, J. E. 1992. Phenylethylamine and Piperidine Alkaloids in Aloe Species. Planta Medica, 581: 84-87. Aloe viguieri Leaf Nash, R. J., Beaumont, J., Veitch, N. C., Reynolds, T., Benner, J., Hughes, C. N. G., Dring, J. V., Bennett, R. N., Dellar, J. E. 1992. Phenylethylamine and Piperidine Alkaloids in Aloe Species. Planta Medica, 581: 84-87. Aloe globuligemma Leaf Nash, R. J., Beaumont, J., Veitch, N. C., Reynolds, T., Benner, J., Hughes, C. N. G., Dring, J. V., Bennett, R. N., Dellar, J. E. 1992. Phenylethylamine and Piperidine Alkaloids in Aloe Species. Planta Medica, 581: 84-87. Amorphophallus konjac Plant Willaman, J. J., Schubert, B. G. 1961. Alkaloid Bearing Plants and their Contained Alkaloids. ARS, USDA, Tech. Bull. 1234, Supt. Doc., Washington D.C. Arisarum vulgare Plant Willaman, J. J., Schubert, B. -
Tidal Marsh Recovery Plan Habitat Creation Or Enhancement Project Within 5 Miles of OAK
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Recovery Plan for Tidal Marsh Ecosystems of Northern and Central California California clapper rail Suaeda californica Cirsium hydrophilum Chloropyron molle Salt marsh harvest mouse (Rallus longirostris (California sea-blite) var. hydrophilum ssp. molle (Reithrodontomys obsoletus) (Suisun thistle) (soft bird’s-beak) raviventris) Volume II Appendices Tidal marsh at China Camp State Park. VII. APPENDICES Appendix A Species referred to in this recovery plan……………....…………………….3 Appendix B Recovery Priority Ranking System for Endangered and Threatened Species..........................................................................................................11 Appendix C Species of Concern or Regional Conservation Significance in Tidal Marsh Ecosystems of Northern and Central California….......................................13 Appendix D Agencies, organizations, and websites involved with tidal marsh Recovery.................................................................................................... 189 Appendix E Environmental contaminants in San Francisco Bay...................................193 Appendix F Population Persistence Modeling for Recovery Plan for Tidal Marsh Ecosystems of Northern and Central California with Intial Application to California clapper rail …............................................................................209 Appendix G Glossary……………......................................................................………229 Appendix H Summary of Major Public Comments and Service -
National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands 1996
National List of Vascular Plant Species that Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary Indicator by Region and Subregion Scientific Name/ North North Central South Inter- National Subregion Northeast Southeast Central Plains Plains Plains Southwest mountain Northwest California Alaska Caribbean Hawaii Indicator Range Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes FACU FACU UPL UPL,FACU Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill. FAC FACW FAC,FACW Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr. NI NI NI NI NI UPL UPL Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir. FACU FACU FACU Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. FACU-* NI FACU-* Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. NI NI FACU+ FACU- FACU FAC UPL UPL,FAC Abies magnifica A. Murr. NI UPL NI FACU UPL,FACU Abildgaardia ovata (Burm. f.) Kral FACW+ FAC+ FAC+,FACW+ Abutilon theophrasti Medik. UPL FACU- FACU- UPL UPL UPL UPL UPL NI NI UPL,FACU- Acacia choriophylla Benth. FAC* FAC* Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd. FACU NI NI* NI NI FACU Acacia greggii Gray UPL UPL FACU FACU UPL,FACU Acacia macracantha Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. NI FAC FAC Acacia minuta ssp. minuta (M.E. Jones) Beauchamp FACU FACU Acaena exigua Gray OBL OBL Acalypha bisetosa Bertol. ex Spreng. FACW FACW Acalypha virginica L. FACU- FACU- FAC- FACU- FACU- FACU* FACU-,FAC- Acalypha virginica var. rhomboidea (Raf.) Cooperrider FACU- FAC- FACU FACU- FACU- FACU* FACU-,FAC- Acanthocereus tetragonus (L.) Humm. FAC* NI NI FAC* Acanthomintha ilicifolia (Gray) Gray FAC* FAC* Acanthus ebracteatus Vahl OBL OBL Acer circinatum Pursh FAC- FAC NI FAC-,FAC Acer glabrum Torr. FAC FAC FAC FACU FACU* FAC FACU FACU*,FAC Acer grandidentatum Nutt. -
Poison-Hemlock (Conium Maculatum L.)1
Weed Technology. 1998. Volume 12:194-197 Intriguing World of Weeds iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii.iii Poison-Hemlock (Conium maculatum L.) 1 LARRY W. MIT1CH2 "He that bites on every weed must needs light on poison." Comp/eat Collection of English Proverbs. John Ray, 1742 INTRODUCTION AND ETYMOLOGY has been used to designate this plant since the Anglo Saxon period (Le Strange 1977). The genus Conium is comprised of two or three tem The Old English hymlice was a medicinal plant, prob perate species of biennial herbs with highly divided ably Conium, but in Modern English the plant is chiefly leaves and compound umbels of small white flowers. All referred to as a weed. The definite reference to it as parts of C. maculatum have long been recognized as poisonous appears to begin with the 16th century herb being highly poisonous; it was the alists. The term hemlock for Conium maculatum first plant used to kill Socrates in BC appeared in about AD 700 as hymblicae. Through the 399 (Gledhill 1985; Holm et al. centuries, spelling and pronunciation took on many 1997; Hyam and Pankhurst 1995). forms, ranging from hymlice to hymlic, hemeluc, hem Conium is a member of the Um lake, hemlocke, hemloc, and finally hemlock. William belliferae or Apiaceae, the carrot Shakespeare, in Life of Henry the Fifth, first used the family, which accommodates 300 modern spelling. Wrote the bard, "Her fallow Leas, The genera and between 2,500 and Darnell, Hemlock, and ranke Femetary, Doth root upon" 3,000 species. Umbelliferae is one (Simpson and Weiner 1989). of the best known families of flowering plants because Poison-hemlock is native to Europe, northern Africa, of its characteristic inflorescences and fruits and the dis and western Asia and was often introduced to new areas tinctive chemistry reflected in the odor, flavors, and even as an ornamental garden plant (Holm et al. -
Laboratory Rearing of Agonopterix Alstroemeriana, the Defoliating
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Diposit Digital de Documents de la UAB PHYSIOLOGICAL ECOLOGY Laboratory Rearing of Agonopterix alstroemeriana, the Defoliating Poison Hemlock (Conium maculatum L.) Moth, and Effects of Piperidine Alkaloids on Preference and Performance 1 EVA CASTELLS AND MAY R. BERENBAUM Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 320 Morrill Hall, 505 S Goodwin Ave., Urbana, IL 61801 Environ. Entomol. 35(3): 607Ð615 (2006) ABSTRACT Conium maculatum L. (Apiaceae), or poison hemlock, is an invasive plant native to Europe that has become extensively naturalized throughout North America. This species contains piperidine alkaloids, including coniine and ␥-coniceine, that are highly toxic to vertebrates. C. maculatum was relatively free from herbivores in North America until the accidental introduction 30 yr ago of its monophagous European associate Agonopterix alstroemeriana (Clerck) (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae). At present, A. alstroemeriana is widespread across the United States, and in some areas, such as the Northwest, can inßict substantial damage on its host plant, leading to desiccation and death. A. alstroemeriana has been used in recent years for the biological control of C. maculatum, although its use has been limited by the availability of larvae, which are Þeld-collected from early to mid-spring, and by the lack of available information about its life history and feeding habits. Here we describe a laboratory-rearing protocol incorporating a simulated winter to induce diapause and a semideÞned artiÞcial diet that allows the production of multiple generations per year and enabled us to determine the number and duration of A.