The Genus Lysinibacillus: Versatile Phenotype and Promising Future
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International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) ISSN: 2319-7064 Impact Factor (2018): 7.426 The Genus Lysinibacillus: Versatile Phenotype and Promising Future Kayath Aimé Christian1, 2, Vouidibio Mbozo Alain Brice1, Mokémiabeka Saturnin Nicaise1, Kaya-Ongoto Moïse Doria1, Nguimbi Etienne 1Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire (BCM), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Marien NGOUABI, BP. 69, Brazzaville, République du Congo 2Institut national de Recherche en Sciences Exactes et Naturelles (IRSEN), Brazzaville, Congo Abstract: This critical mini review aims to summarize the current status of the genus Lysinibacillus research, and discusses several challenges in order to open new vision for future development.The wonderful world of bacteria does not even more reach surprises in the scientific community.Every year several bacterial species are discovered from a lot of sources and areas for their phenotypic diversities, therapeutic aspects, industrial and biopharmaceutical interest. Since ten years twenty six Lysinibacillus species were discovered with several exciting characteristics. Keywords: Lysinibacillussp., Lysinibacilluslouembei, versatile phenotype, promising future, bacteriocins 1. The Genus Lysinibacillus L. Manganicus (Liu et al., 2013) L. Tabacifolii (Duan et al., 2013) Initially designated as Bacillus spp, the genus Lysinibacillus L. Halotolerans (Kong et al., 2014) are Gram positive, ubiquitous, motile, aerobic or facultative L. Composti (Rifat Hayat et al., 2013) anaerobicbelonging to the family Bacillaceae of the phylum L. Pakistanensis (AHMED et al., 2014) L. Varians (Zhu et al., 2014) Firmicutes. Nomenclature was proposed for the first time by L. Fluoroglycofenilyticus (Cheng et al., 2015) Ahmed et al. (2007). The genus Lysinibacillusis consistently L. Alkaliphilus (Zhao et al., 2015) characterized by rod-shaped bacillithat form endospores L.Acetophenoni (Azmatunnisa et al., 2015) (Ahmed et al., 2007)with an A4α (L-Lys–D-Asp) cell-wall L. Louembei (Ouoba et al., 2015) peptidoglycan type (Zhu et al., 2014; Zhu et al., 2015). L. Cresolivorans (Ren et al., 2015) Menaquinone MK-7 is the most predominant respiratory L. Xyleni (Begum et al., 2016) lipoquinone system among the genus Lysinibacillus, and major polar lipids found are diphosphatidylglycerol, 2. The Versatile Phenotype of the Genus phosphatidylglycerol and ninhydrin-positive phosphoglycolipid(Zhu et al., 2014). Lysinibacillus At the time of drafting this review and together with Bioremediation Interest Lysinibacilluslouembei, a novel spore-forming bacterium Among the genus Lysinibacillus, L.sphaericus is the most documented. Many of the topics running through this genus isolated from NtobaMbodi which is an alkaline fermented are talking about Biopesticide, Bioremediation and leaves of cassava from the Republic of the Congo (Ouoba et antimicrobial peptide. Some bacterial species of the genus al., 2015), the genus Lysinibacillus contains twenty six species (26). This number includes validate resultsand Lysinibacillus were recently the subject of whole genome published namesin LPSN-bacterio-net sequencing such as L. sphaericus, strainC3-41 and B1- CDA(Zheng et al., 2008; Rahman et al., 2016), and (http://www.bacterio.net/lysinibacillus.html) and NCBI Lysinibacillusvarians strain GY32(Zhu et al., 2015). (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) (Table 1). L.sphaericus is an attractive biological insecticide.Biotechnology efforts are being made and Table I: List of genus Lysinibacillus Species Reference elaborated to optimize and to maximize its toxicity and Lysinibacillussphaericus, manufacturing techniques (Berry, 2012; Allievi et al., 2014). L. Fusiformis, (Ahmed et al., 2007) The protein responsible for the biopesticide effect isa binary L. Boronitolerans toxin considered as biolarvicide that has been used L. Parviboronicapiens (Miwa et al., 2009) worldwide for mosquito surveillance and especially against L. Xylanilyticus (Lee et al., 2010) larvae from the Culex pipiens complex and Anopheles L. Mangiferihumi (Yang et al., 2012) spp.(Regis et al., 2001; Schlein and Muller, 2015).In L. Macroides (Coorevits et al., 2012) addition, binary toxins of L.sphaericus IAB872 have been L. Sinduriensis detected for anticancer activity against human lung cancer L. Odysseyi (Jung et al., 2012) cell line A549 (Luo et al., 2014).According to World L. Massiliensis Hearlth Organization (WHO), this is the most common L. Contaminans (Kampfer et al., 2013) cause of cancer death in menafter breast cancer in women. L. Meyeri (Seiler et al., 2013) L. Chungkukjangi (Kim et al., 2013b) L. Jejeunsis (Kim et al., 2013a) Volume 8 Issue 1, January 2019 www.ijsr.net Licensed Under Creative Commons Attribution CC BY Paper ID: ART20194281 10.21275/ART20194281 1238 International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) ISSN: 2319-7064 Impact Factor (2018): 7.426 This genus Lysinibacillushas been tested for potential Caenorhabditis elegans is a small worm that represents a bioremediation use in research including the ability to utilize model organism in molecular biology; it allows many heavy different metal for their metabolism such as nickel, studies among others apoptosis and cellular aging embryonic iron and manganese compounds(Douterelo et al., 2014; development L. sphaericus was showed to extended Prithviraj et al., 2014; Barboza et al., 2015)and metalloid longevity and robust early-stage development of including arsenics (Rahman et al., 2014).It was reported that Caenorhabditis elegans(Go et al., 2014) . L. sphaericus G1(Bafana et al., 2015)and L. fusiformis areable to clean up industrial effluent and areas High technology research with L. fusiformis has been contaminated with mercury (Gupta et al., 2012).L. demonstrated for the operating performance of a biotrickling sphaericus was showed with mercuric reductase activity filter. In fact filter associated L. fusiformis can remove high- (Bafana et al., 2015) and flavin-free NADH azoreductase for loading gaseous chlorobenzene(Li et al., 2014).Wastewaters decreasing toxicity for nitro-aromatic compounds(Misal et from a variety of industrial processes have been treated in al., 2014). These biochemical advantagesallow bacterium trickling filters. Using biotrickling filter associated with L. for metal tolerance (Lozano and Dussan, 2013). fusiformis could represent big challengesfor the Lysinibacillussp. KMK-A and L. fusiformis ZC1 can reduce bioremediation of wastewaters. highly chromate (He et al., 2011; Chaudhari et al., 2013). Furthermore it was also demonstrated that L. sphaericus Pathogenicity of Genus Lysinibacillus DMT-7 isolated from diesel contaminated soil can Besides all features discussing up on molecule biosynthesis, desulfurize dibenzothiophene (DBT) (Bahuguna et al., bioremediation and biocatalysts, the genus Lysinibacillus 2011). often regarded as environmental contaminants was isolated in the clinical microbiology laboratory.Its potential to cause L. fusiformis produces biosurfactants, Biosurfactants were human disease has been documented (Castagnola et al., characterized on the basis of their emulsifying properties 2001; Wenzler et al., 2015).Although Clinical relevant with petrol, diesel, mobil oil and petrol engine oil (Kumar G, infections with Lysinibacillussp. are still uncommon, a rare Kumar R, Sharma A., 2015). case of severe sepsisdue to L. fusiformis and L.sphaericus was reported. L. sphaericus was demonstrated to cause 2% The use of microorganisms to biodegrade polymers have episodes of bacteremia in children with cancer or those been boosted with notable interest because the chemical and undergoing bone marrow transplant (Wenzler et al., 2015). physical disposal methods used pollutants and cause many problems the environmental areas. Consortium culture of Bacteriocins secretion Lysinibacillus and one of the most common species of the The multidrug resistance bacteria pose serious problems for genus Aspergilluscan degrade plastics. L.xylanilyticus and the treatment of bacterial diseases. Antimicrobial peptides Aspergillus niger in soil have been showed biodegradation such as bacteriocins or bacteriocins-like molecules could be plastics of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) (Esmaeili et a comfortable solution to remedy the resurgence of al., 2013).In addition biodegradation of ethanethiol and antibiotics. Bacteriocins could also be important in food dichloromethane was observed by using L. sphaericus RG-1 preservation. The genus Lysinibacillus produces a broad and wh22 strains (Wu et al., 2009; Wan et al., 2010). range of antimicrobial bacteriocins against foodborne bacterial and fungal pathogens, isolated from fruits and Nitrilases (EC 3.5.5.1) are prompting significant importance vegetable waste(Ahmad et al., 2014; Ahmad and Khan, in discovering a novel microorganism capable of 2015). The sequencing of complete genome of L.sphaericus hydrolyzing biotechnologically nitriles. L.boronitolerans (strain C3-41) and L. fusiformis(strain ZC1)have been was recently identified for nitrilase activity (Muluka et al., showed to contain gene encoding for bacteriocins 2016). Nitriles are highly toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic (B1HTL7_LYSSC,B1HXT2_LYSSC and due to their cyano group (Chen et al., 2009). B1HSB6_LYSSC) and (D7WSU8_9BACI) respectively L.boronitolerans could be the good model to degrade nitrile with activity against Listeria(Zheng et al., 2008). in order togenerate a broad range of useful amides, carboxylic acids, and other groups for several industrial and L. louembei isolated from a traditional