Weakness of Congressional Party

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Weakness of Congressional Party U. S. Congress Weakness of Congressional Party • Parties matter a lot – preferences of representatives • Undisciplined parties – legislative strategies – ties to geographic districts – majority versus minority party – no control over renomination • Committees matter a lot • Independent committee power – 95% of legislation dies here – content of legislation • House and Senate differences matter a lot Changing Strength of Parties Majority versus Minority Party • Majority party determines control of • 1880-1910 strong Speakers leadership positions – Thomas B. “Boss” Reed – Joseph G. “Czar” Cannon House Senate • 1940-1960 weak and 232 (53%) Republican 55 Republicans factionalized parties Reed • Since 1970s stronger parties 202 (49%) Democrat 44 Democrats 1 ( .2%) independent 1 independent – changing rules – more distinctive and cohesive parties 109th Congress (2005-2006) Cannon 1 Majority Party Status: U.S. House Powers of Majority Party • All committee chairs • More influence over legislative agenda • More tools for strategy • Minority party status most onerous in House Source: MicroCase, file = History, variables = 16) %DEM HOUSE, 70) %REP HOUSE, 68) HSE-OTH Party Leadership in the House Constitutional Leadership of the Senate Roles: Vice President Scheduling & Rules Dick Cheney Speaker of Party Spokesperson the House Breaks tied votes J. Dennis Strategy Haskert (R. IL) http://speaker.house.gov/ President pro tempore Ted Stevens (Alaska) Most senior member of majority Party – 36 years Majority Leader Minority Leader Rarely oversees Senate floor John Boehner (R. OH) Nancy Pelosi (D. CA) http://www.majorityleader.gov/ http://democraticleader.house.gov/ 2 Actual Leadership of Senate Other Party Leadership Posts • Whips • Chair of party caucus • Chair of policy and strategy committees • Chair of congressional campaign committees Majority Leader Minority Leader Bill Frist (R. TN) Harry Reid (D. NV) http://republican.senate.gov/ http://democrat.senate.gov/index3.html Power of Leadership Party Caucus • Persuasion & coalition building • Elect party leadership • Elected leader • Confirm selection of members to • Willingness of members to follow standing committees • More information • Too large for most policy and strategy • House - control of Rules Committee 3 Committees in Congress Types of Committees • Standing committees • Formulate legislation – permanent • Kill 95% of all proposed legislation – legislative writing • Such strong committee role is rare – subcommittees • Select or Special Committees • Joint Committees • Conference Committees House Senate Agriculture Agriculture, Nutrition & Forestry Appropriations Appropriations Committee Assignment & Armed Services Armed Services Budget Budget Leadership Education & the Workforce Health, Education, Labor, & Pension Energy & Commerce Commerce, Science & Transportation 109th • Members appointed by party Energy & Natural Resources Congress Financial Services Banking, Housing & Urban Affairs • Members ask for committees to Government Reform Homeland Security Homeland Security & Governmental Affairs Standing – help reelection House Administration Committees International Relations Foreign Relations – write good policy Judiciary Judiciary Resources Environment & Public Works – power in Washington Rules Rules & Administration • Chairs selected by modified seniority Science Small Business Small Business & Entrepreneurship system Standards of Official Conduct Transportation & Infrastructure Veterans' Affairs Veterans Affairs Ways & Means Finance Indian Affairs 4 Committee Assignments of Arizona Senators Committee Assignments of Arizona Representatives Jim Kolbe, 8th District Jon Kyl Republican John McCain Raul Grijalva, 7th District Committee on Finance Committee on Appropriations Democrat Committee on Commerce, Science Subcommittee on & Transportation Taxation & IRS Subcommittee chair: Committee on Education and Workforce Committee on Armed Services Oversight (chair) Foreign Operations, Export Committee on Indian Affairs (chair) Committee on Judiciary Financing & Related Programs Committee on Resources Senate Legislative Process From Senate Floor Standing Senate Committee • Incremental legislation Floor • Coalition building • Easier to kill legislation Subcommittee Reconciliation • Multistage process Informal or President House Conference – Committees committees – Floor action Standing – Reconciliation of House & Senate versions Committee House Floor – Presidential decision Rules Comm. Subcommittee From House Floor 5 House and Senate How Legislators Vote Differences House Senate • Too many to be fully informed Subcommittees Full committee • Cue taking • Contact from party, constituents, Controlled Uncontrolled lobbyists, administration, legislative staff Debate Debate • 2/3rds party line votes Filibuster Cloture Limited Nongermane amendments amendments Example of Party Line Vote: Party Line Votes Bill to Increase Minimum Wage, 106th Congress 70 Vote Democrat Republican Total 60 50 Increase 97% 37% 66% 40 House 30 Senate No change 3% 63% 34% 20 10 Number 207 216 423 0 1957 1962 1967 1972 1977 1982 1987 1992 1997 2002 Note: Points represent 5-year averages 6 Increase in Party-Line Voting Why Parties in All Democratic Legislatures? • More cohesive parties • Demise of the “conservative coalition” • Stable majority for legislation – reduces time for coalition building – decreases likelihood of cycling majorities Uniqueness of U.S. Legislative Odds and Ends Parties • Congressional pay - $158,100 • Weaker than in European parliaments • websites: – http://www.house.gov • Most legislation needs some bipartisan – http://www.senate.gov support – http://thomas.loc.gov/ • Autonomous committees write – http://www.azleg.state.az.us legislation • Best coverage – Congressional Quarterly Weekly Reports • Parties slightly less important in Senate –C-SPAN than in House 7.
Recommended publications
  • April 7, 2005 the Honorable Jim Kolbe United States House of Representatives 237 Cannon House Office Building Washington, DC
    American Lands Alliance ♦ Access Fund ♦ Arizona Mountaineering Club ♦ Arizona Native Plant Society ♦ Arizona Wildlife Federation ♦ Center for Biological Diversity ♦ Chiricahua-Dragoon Conservation Alliance ♦ Citizens for the Preservation of Powers Gulch and Pinto Creek ♦ Citizens for Victor! ♦ EARTHWORKS ♦ Endangered Species Coalition ♦Friends of Queen Creek ♦ Gila Resources Information Project ♦ Grand Canyon Chapter of the Sierra Club ♦ Great Basin Mine Watch♦ The Lands Council ♦ Maricopa Audubon Society ♦ Mining Impact Coalition of Wisconsin ♦ Mount Graham Coalition ♦ National Wildlife Federation ♦ Rock Creek Alliance ♦Water More Precious Than Gold ♦ Western Land Exchange Project ♦ Yuma Audubon Society April 7, 2005 The Honorable Jim Kolbe United States House of Representatives 237 Cannon House Office Building Washington, DC 20515 Dear Representative Kolbe, On behalf of the undersigned organizations and the thousands of members we represent in Arizona and nationwide, we urge you not to introduce the Southeastern Arizona Land Exchange and Conservation Act of 2005 (the “land exchange bill”) that would, in part, revoke a mining prohibition on 760 acres of public lands in the Tonto National Forest in the area of the Oak Flat Campground 60 miles east of Phoenix. Resolution Copper Company (RCC), a foreign-owned mining company, is planning a massive block-cave mine and seeks to acquire Oak Flat Campground and the surrounding public lands for its use through this land exchange bill. If they succeed, the campground and an additional 2,300 acres of the Tonto National Forest will become private property and forever off limits to recreationists and other users. Privatization of this land would end public access to some of the most spectacular outdoor recreation and wildlife viewing areas in Arizona and cause massive surface subsidence leaving a permanent scar on the landscape and eliminating the possibility of a diversified economy for the region.
    [Show full text]
  • CONGRESSIONAL RECORD— Extensions of Remarks E1858 HON
    E1858 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — Extensions of Remarks October 12, 2001 Whereas, President George W. Bush and CONGRATULATIONS TO BILL PUT- Bill Putnam is currently the Sole Trustee of the United States Congress, acting in bipar- NAM ON BEING INDUCTED INTO the Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff, Arizona tisan agreement, have made available all of THE BROADCASTERS HALL OF where he resides with his wife, Kitty Broman, the resources of the federal government to FAME who is also well known in broadcasting circles. hunt down those responsible for these vi- Mr. Speaker, it is my privilege to honor Bill cious war crimes; and HON. RICHARD E. NEAL Putnam on being recognized and honored by Whereas, After these events President OF MASSACHUSETTS the Broadcasters Hall of Fame for a long and Bush declared, ‘‘The resolve of this great na- IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES distinguished career that has benefitted the tion is being tested’’; and Thursday, October 11, 2001 lives of so many in the Western Massachu- setts area. Congratulations on the good work. Whereas, President Bush said in punishing Mr. NEAL of Massachusetts. Mr. Speaker, I f those responsible that ‘‘We will make no dis- would like to take a few moments today to pay tinction between the terrorists who com- tribute to Bill Putnam, a friend and constituent IN MEMORY OF MONSIGNOR mitted these acts and those who harbor of mine, and a pioneer in the broadcasting CASIMIR CIOLEK them’’; and arena. Whereas, President Bush also stated that On November 12, 2001, in New York City, in punishing the guilty we must guard Bill Putnam will be inducted into the Broad- HON.
    [Show full text]
  • Setting Course: a Congressional Management Guide
    SETTING COURSE SETTING “The best thing a new Member and his or her staff can do is to sit down and read Setting Course cover to cover. It’s a book that has stood the test of time.” —House Chief of Staff SETTING “Setting Course is written as if you were having a conversation with someone who has been on Capitol Hill for 50 years and knows how things work.” —Senate Office Manager COURSE SETTING COURSE, now in its 17th edition for the 117th Congress, is a comprehensive guide to managing a congressional office. Part I is for Members-elect and freshman offices, focusing on the tasks that are most critical to a successful transition to Congress and setting up a new office. Part II focuses on defining the Member’s role — in the office and in Congress. Part III provides guidance to both freshman and veteran Members and staff on managing office operations. Setting Course is the signature publication of the Congressional Management Foundation MANAGEMENT GUIDE CONGRESSIONAL A and has been funded by grants from: Deborah Szekely A CONGRESSIONAL MANAGEMENT GUIDE THE CONGRESSIONAL MANAGEMENT FOUNDATION (CMF) is a 501(c)(3) nonpartisan nonprofit whose mission is to build EDITION FOR THE trust and effectiveness in Congress. We do this by enhancing the 117th performance of the institution, legislators and their staffs through CONGRESS research-based education and training, and by strengthening the CONGRESS bridge between Congress and the People it serves. Since 1977 CMF 117th has worked internally with Member, committee, leadership, and institutional offices in the House and Senate to identify and disseminate best practices for management, workplace environment, SPONSORED BY communications, and constituent services.
    [Show full text]
  • Westland Resources Welcomes Senior Project Managers Black
    THE COMPANY LINE WestLand Resources Welcomes be the first application of ultraviolet light government, the Gila River Community, the Senior Project Managers for potable water disinfection in state of Arizona, the Central Arizona Water Southern California. Conservation District and numerous cities, WestLand Resources, Inc. of Tucson, towns and irrigation districts. The plant expansion and addition of UV Arizona recently welcomed Michael J. disinfection will increase treatment On Feb. 24, Sens. Jon Kyl and John McCain Cross and Christopher E. Rife as senior capacity of the Roemer Water Filtration and Reps. J.D. Hayworth, Raul Grijalva, project managers with the Environmental Facility (WFF) from 9.6 to 14.4 million Trent Franks and Jim Kolbe introduced the Services Group. gallons per day, enhance the district’s Arizona Water Settlements Act in Congress. Cross specializes in biological resource ability to effectively treat a full range of This legislation would settle the landmark assessments, environmental impact blends from two surface sources of raw case involving Arizona water rights as well as assessments, riparian mitigation planning, water, and yield treated water in the repayment obligation owed to the federal habitat conservation planning, Endangered compliance with all current and government by Arizona for construction of Species Act compliance, threatened and foreseeable future drinking water the Central Arizona Project (CAP). endangered species surveys and hydro- standards. The pretreatment facilities will If the legislation is approved by Congress, electric licensing. He has more than 15 include coagulation, flocculation and signed by President Bush, and approved by years of experience in environmental sedimentation along with associated the Maricopa County Superior Court consulting and biological research, with chemical storage and feed facilities.
    [Show full text]
  • 24699 Hon. Jim Kolbe Hon. Donald M. Payne Hon. Charles W
    October 25, 2000 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 24699 Robin is a truly remarkable human being of the circumstances surrounding the disaster. the United States Navy, and for his life-long and her contributions, not only to her commu- It was on the evening of July 17th, 1944, dur- devotion as a son, husband, brother, father nity but also to the field of Pediatrics, are un- ing World War II, that the munitions blast oc- and citizen, I pay tribute. Ensign Triplett was paralleled. Mr. Speaker, on behalf of the State curred. In an era of a segregated military, en- the son of Mr. and Mrs. Ree D. Triplett of of Colorado and the US Congress I would like listed African Americans were relegated to du- Shuqualak, Mississippi. He is survived by his to commend Dr. Beach on her many accom- ties separate from those of their white counter- wife, Lorrie, and his two little girls, Andrea plishments and wish her the very best as she parts. Instead of obtaining ship duty, they (age seven) and Savannah Renee (age four); continues to educate Colorado’s future doctors were assigned to load ammunition and explo- his parents, Savannah and Ree Triplett of in the field of Pediatrics. sives on ships at port without the benefit of Shuqualak, Mississippi; and his two brothers, f proper training for this potentially dangerous two former servicemen, Theotis Donald (Air responsibility. After the terrible tragedy, African Force) and Wayne (Marine Corps). PERSONAL EXPLANATION American servicemen still suffering from the Mr. Speaker, I ask our colleagues to join me trauma of the explosion were ordered back to in remembering this present day hero, Ensign HON.
    [Show full text]
  • The Curious Case of Jim Mcgreevey
    UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones 2009 The Curious case of Jim McGreevey Justin Eckstein University of Nevada Las Vegas Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/thesesdissertations Part of the Communication Commons, Political Science Commons, and the Rhetoric Commons Repository Citation Eckstein, Justin, "The Curious case of Jim McGreevey" (2009). UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones. 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.34917/1359208 This Thesis is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by Digital Scholarship@UNLV with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Thesis in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This Thesis has been accepted for inclusion in UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones by an authorized administrator of Digital Scholarship@UNLV. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE CURIOUS CASE OF JIM MCGREEVEY by Justin Eckstein Bachelor of Arts University of Denver 2007 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Arts Degree in Communication Studies Hank Greenspun Department of Communication Greenspun College of Urban Affairs Graduate College University of Nevada,
    [Show full text]
  • List of Recipients
    List of Recipients List of Recipients Indian Nations, Tribes and Councils Ak-Chin Indian Community Gila River Indian Community Hopi Tribal Council Salt River Pima-Maricopa Community Council Yavapai-Prescott Tribe Federal Agencies Department of Agriculture Forest Service Prescott National Forest Tonto National Forest Natural Resource Conservation Service Department of Defense Air Force Army Corps of Engineers Department of Energy Western Area Power Administration Department of the Interior Bureau of Indian Affairs Bureau of Reclamation Fish and Wildlife Service National Park Service Department of Justice Citizenship and Immigration and Naturalization Service Environmental Protection Agency Arizona State Agencies Arizona Department of Agriculture Arizona Department of Environmental Quality Arizona Department of Mines and Mineral Resources Arizona Department of Transportation Arizona Department of Water Resources Arizona Game and Fish Department Arizona Geological Survey Arizona State Clearinghouse Arizona State Historic Preservation Office Arizona State Land Department Arizona State Mine Inspector Arizona State Parks 887 List of Recipients Local Agencies City of El Mirage City of Goodyear City of Surprise La Paz County Board of Supervisors Maricopa County Board of Supervisors Maricopa County Environmental Services Maricopa County Flood Control District Maricopa County Parks and Recreation Department Maricopa County Planning and Development Department Maricopa County Department of Transportation Phoenix Parks, Recreation and Library Department Pinal County Board of Supervisors Town of Buckeye Town of Wickenburg Town of Youngtown Yavapai County Board of Supervisors Yavapai County Planning and Zoning Department Interest Groups Arizona Archaeological Society Arizona Cattle Growers Association Arizona Desert Bighorn Sheep Society Arizona Mining Association Arizona Mining and Prospecting Association Arizona Parks and Recreation Association Arizona Public Service Company Arizona Roamers Arizona State Association of Four-Wheel-Drive Clubs, Inc.
    [Show full text]
  • ID :202-408- 5117 SEP 23'94 13 :57 No .021 P.16
    BOB DOLE This documentID :202-408 is from the collections- 5117 at the Dole Archives, SEPUniversity 23'94 of Kansas 13 :57 No . 021 P . 16 http://dolearchives.ku.edu MEMORANDUM SEPTEMBER 23, 1994 TO: SENATOR DOLE FROM: JO-ANNE SUBJ: TODAY'S TRAVEL TO ARIZONA I spoke with both Jim Kolbe's and Bob Stump's offices to invite the Congressmen to fly out with you this afternoon. Kolbe has an earlier commitment in the District, so will be leaving before you do. Likewise, Stump has other plans. The other House Members from Arizona are Democrats. I also received a call from McCain's in-state Chief of Staff to indicate Gramm and McCain wou1d Jike to join in the press conference with you at 5:45 this afternoon·· if you object, she will make sure they're not included. I told her there would be no problem with this. Please let me know if you feel differently. By the way, you are being met by John Teets and then going to Dial's corporate headquarters for a tort refonn meeting. FYI, Dial pledged $50,000 to the RNC drive -- may be a good prospect for BAF. Page 1 of 101 This document is from the collections at the Dole Archives, University of Kansas http://dolearchives.ku.edu - Page 2 of 101 BOB DOLE This documentID: 20 is from2-4 the08 collections-5117 at the Dole Archives, SEPUniversity 23 of' 94Kansas 14: 25 No. 022 P.02 http://dolearchives.ku.edu FINAL Contact: Mo Taggart 703/684-7848 Beep 800/946-4646 pin# 1115689 SENATOR DOLE SCHEDULE -- SEPTEMBER 23-25, l 994 p- ARIZONA.
    [Show full text]
  • The Lorne W. Craner Memorial Lecture
    The Lorne W. Craner Memorial Lecture International Republican Institute Remarks of Robert B. Zoellick February 24, 2021 On June 20, 1782, the U.S. Congress approved the design of the Great Seal for the new United States. Americans had taken as long to agree on the seal as they had to win their independence; the Congress had appointed the committee to prepare the seal almost six years earlier – on the Fourth of July, 1776. Now, in 1782, Charles Thomson, the secretary to the Congress, explained the symbolism of the proposed design. He pointed to the thirteen-tiered – yet unfinished – pyramid of states, overseen by the eye of Providence. The Virgilian motto underneath – Novus Ordo Seclorum, New Order of the Ages – suggested that the Founding Fathers had some big ideas in mind. Thomson observed that the date underneath the seal, 1776, marked the Declaration of Independence, and the words of the motto, according to Thomson, “signify the beginning of the new American Era, which commences from that date.” As James Field, my first professor of diplomatic history pointed out, Thomson’s explanation does not clarify “whether the adjective ‘American’ is to be construed as geographically limiting – or as broadly descriptive.” Professor Field added that, “Much of American history is implicit in this question.…” 1 Is the “American” era just for those of us at home – or will it range far and wide? For those of you who do not recall the Great Seal of the United States, but who still carry cash, you’ll find that the U.S. Treasury conveniently arranged to reproduce the seal on the back of the dollar bill.
    [Show full text]
  • Revitalizing the Spirit of Bretton Woods 50 Perspectives on the Future of the Global Economic System
    REVITALIZING THE SPIRIT OF BRETTON WOODS 50 PERSPECTIVES ON THE FUTURE OF THE GLOBAL ECONOMIC SYSTEM The Bretton Woods Committee REVITALIZING THE SPIRIT OF BRETTON WOODS 50 PERSPECTIVES ON THE FUTURE OF THE GLOBAL ECONOMIC SYSTEM JULY 2019 The Bretton Woods Committee ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The Bretton Woods@75 Compendium membership and stakeholder network, is a unique and timely publication, though they do not purport to represent issued to honor a historic year for the the views of all Committee members Bretton Woods institutions, and during or to serve as the collective voice of the an extraordinary moment in history Bretton Woods Committee. for the global, rules-based system that Such a monumental effort could not they have operated through and helped have taken place without a great deal of to strengthen since their inception in support from a handful of individuals 1944. As the world celebrates the his- who are exceptionally dedicated to the toric milestone of the 75th anniversary Bretton Woods Committee. Production of the Bretton Woods Conference (for- of this volume was conceived, planned, mally known as the United Nations and implemented by the Committee sec- Monetary and Financial Conference) in retariat team, based in Washington, D.C.: July 2019, the rules-based international Randy Rodgers, Emily Slater, Brooke economic system and its staunchest sup- Snowdon, and Kasey Stelter, with support porters face a significant challenge: how from Melissa Smith and Hana Barkett. to ensure that the global economic system Direction and advisory support were evolves and endures to meet the challenges provided by Bretton Woods Committee of this and the next generation.
    [Show full text]
  • Immigration Federalism: a Reappraisal
    \\jciprod01\productn\N\NYU\88-6\NYU603.txt unknown Seq: 1 25-NOV-13 12:34 IMMIGRATION FEDERALISM: A REAPPRAISAL PRATHEEPAN GULASEKARAM† & S. KARTHICK RAMAKRISHNAN‡ This Article identifies how the current spate of state and local regulation is changing the way elected officials, scholars, courts, and the public think about the constitutional dimensions of immigration law and governmental responsibility for immigration enforcement. Reinvigorating the theoretical possibilities left open by the Supreme Court in its 1875 Chy Lung v. Freeman decision, state and local offi- cials characterize their laws as unavoidable responses to the policy problems they face when they are squeezed between the challenges of unauthorized migration and the federal government’s failure to fix a broken system. In the October 2012 term, in Arizona v. United States, the Court addressed, but did not settle, the difficult empirical, theoretical, and constitutional questions necessitated by these enactments and their attendant justifications. Our empirical investigation, however, discovered that most state and local immigration laws are not organic policy responses to pressing demographic challenges. Instead, such laws are the product of a more nuanced and politicized process in which demographic concerns are neither neces- sary nor sufficient factors and in which federal inactivity and subfederal activity are related phenomena, fomented by the same actors. This Article focuses on the con- stitutional and theoretical implications of these processes: It presents an evidence- based theory of state and local policy proliferation; it cautions legal scholars to † Associate Professor of Law, Santa Clara University School of Law. ‡ Associate Professor of Political Science, University of California, Riverside.
    [Show full text]
  • Congressional Elections: a Political Turning Point? Social Education Staff
    Social Education 70(6), pp. 382–386 ©2006 National Council for the Social Studies Congressional Elections: A Political Turning Point? Social Education Staff The Democrats have their best chance in 10 years to when national issues are on everybody’s mind. During the summer, make major gains in the congressional elections on November the approval rating of President Bush ranged between 33% and 7, while Republicans are striving to retain control of both the 42% in the different opinion polls. One of the issues identified by House and the Senate. For Republicans to lose control of both Americans as especially important was the war in Iraq, closely houses of the legislature, the Democrats need net gains of 15 identified with Bush, which the majority of Americans believe House seats and 6 Senate seats. was a mistake to start. The elections are taking place against a backdrop of dimin- In general, when a president’s approval rating is below 50%, that ishing confidence in the performance of Congress. Corruption spells potential trouble for his party in congressional elections. scandals, pork barrel politics, perceptions that politicians are The fact that the U.S. economy has grown at a good pace too beholden to lobbies and political donors, and a widespread would normally be positive for an incumbent party. Despite public belief that the country is heading in the wrong direction, economic growth, however, most Americans do not seem combined to give Congress unusually high disapproval rat- to believe that the economy is heading in the right direc- ings in polls taken this summer.
    [Show full text]