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Scientific References for Nobel Physiology & Medicine Prizes

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Dr. John Andraos, http://www.careerchem.com/NAMED/NobelMed-Refs.pdf 1 Scientific References for Nobel Physiology & Medicine Prizes © Dr. John Andraos, 2004 Department of Chemistry, York University 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ONTARIO M3J 1P3, CANADA For suggestions, corrections, additional information, and comments please send e-mails to [email protected] http://www.chem.yorku.ca/NAMED/ 1901 - Emil Adolf von Behring "for his work on serum therapy, especially its application against diphtheria, by which he has opened a new road in the domain of medical science and thereby placed in the hands of the physician a victorious weapon against illness and deaths." 1902 - Ronald Ross "for his work on malaria, by which he has shown how it enters the organism and thereby has laid the foundation for successful research on this disease and methods of combating it." Ross, R. Yale J. Biol. Med. 2002, 75 , 103 (reprint) Ross, R. Wilderness Environ. Med. 1999, 10 , 29 (reprint) Ross, R. J. Communicable Diseases 1997, 29 , 187 (reprint) Ross, R.; Smyth, J. Ind. J. Malarialogy 1997, 34 , 47 1903 - Niels Ryberg Finsen "in recognition of his contributions to the treatment of diseases, especially lupus vulgaris, with concentrated light radiation, whereby he has opened a new avenue for medical science." 1904 - Ivan Petrovich Pavlov "in recognition of his work on the physiology of digestion, through which knowledge on vital aspects of the subject has been transformed and enlarged." 1905 - Robert Koch "for his investigations and discoveries in relation to tuberculosis." 1906 - Camillo Golgi and Santiago Ramón y Cajal "in recognition of their work on the structure of the nervous system." Golgi, C. J. Microscopy 1989, 155(Pt. 1) , 3; 9 (reprint) Golgi, C. Haematologica 1920, 1 1907 - Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran "in recognition of his work on the role played by protozoa in causing diseases." 1908 - Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov and Paul Ehrlich "in recognition of their work on immunity." 2 Development of arsenic compounds to treat diseases Ehrlich, P.; Bertheim, A. Chem. Ber. 1907, 40 , 3292 Ehrlich, P.; Bertheim, A. Chem. Ber. 1910, 43 , 917 Ehrlich, P. Verhl. 27. Kongr. Innere Med., Wiesbaden 1910, 27 , 226 Ehrlich, P. Deutsch. Med. Wschr. 1910, 36 , 1893 Ehrlich, P. Munch. Med. Wschr. 1911, 58 , 1; 2481 Development of chemotherapy Ehrlich, P. J. Roy. Inst. Public Health 1907, 15 , 449 Ehrlich, P. Chem. Ber. 1909, 42 , 17 Ehrlich, P. Z. Angew. Chem. 1910, 23 , 2 Ehrlich, P. Folia Serol. 1911, 7 , 697 Ehrlich, P. Lancet 1917, 1634 Ehrlich, P. Lancet 1913, 2 , 445 Ehrlich, P. Brit. Med. J. 1913, 2 , 353 Mechnikov, I.I. Rev. Infectious Diseases 1988, 10 , 223 (reprint) Ehrlich’s reagent (1,4-aminobenzaldehyde) Adams, R.; Coleman, G.H. Org. Synth. Coll. Vol. I 1932, 214 Campaigne, E.; Archer, W.L. Org. Synth. Coll. Vol. IV 1963, 331 1909 - Emil Theodor Kocher "for his work on the physiology, pathology, and surgery of the thyroid gland." 1910 - Albrecht Kossel "in recognition of the contributions to our knowledge of cell chemistry made through his work on proteins, including the nucleic substances." Guanine Kossel, A. Z. Physiol. Chem. 1883-4, 8 , 404 Kossel, A. Chem. Ber. 1883, 17 , 537 Adenine and Thymine Kossel, A. Z. Physiol. Chem. 1886, 10 , 248 Kossel, A. Z. Physiol. Chem. 1888, 12 , 241 Kossel, A. Z. Physiol. Chem. 1896, 22 , 188 Kossel, A. Chem. Ber. 1885, 18 , 79; 1928 Kossel, A. Chem. Ber. 1887, 20 , 3356 Kossel, A. Chem. Ber. 1888, 21 , 2164 Kossel, A.; Neumann, A. Chem. Ber. 1893, 26 , 2753 Kossel, A.; Neumann, A. Chem. Ber. 1894, 27 , 2215 Cytosine Kossel, A.; Steudel, H. Z. Physiol. Chem. 1903, 38 , 49 Uracil Kossel, A.; Steudel, H. Z. Physiol. Chem. 1902-1903, 37 , 245 Dr. John Andraos, http://www.careerchem.com/NAMED/NobelMed-Refs.pdf 3 1911 - Allvar Gullstrand "for his work on the dioptrics of the eye." 1912 - Alexis Carrel "in recognition of his work on vascular suture and the transplantation of blood vessels and organs." Carrel, A.; Guthrie, C.C. Yale J. Biol. Med. 2001, 74 , 243 (reprint) Carrel, A. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 1983, 250 , 944 1913 - Charles Robert Richet "in recognition of his work on anaphylaxis." Richet, C. Ann. De l'Institut Pasteur 1907, 21 , 497 Richet, C. Arch. Intern. De Pharmacodynamie Et de Therapie 1908, 18 , 5 Richet, C. Compt. Rend. Seances Soc. Biol. Et de ses Filiales 1909, 65 , 404 Richet, C. Compt. Rend. Seances Soc. Biol. Et de ses Filiales 1910, 66 , 810; 1005 Richet, C. Compt. Rend. Seances Soc. Biol. Et de ses Filiales 1910, 67 , 787 Richet, C. Compt. Rend. Seances Soc. Biol. Et de ses Filiales 1910, 68 , 500 Laroche, G.; Richet, C.; Saint Girons, F. Arch. Med. Exp. D'Anat. Pathol. 1912, 23 , 643 Richet, C. Compt. Rend. Seances Soc. Biol. Et de ses Filiales 1913, 72 , 944 Laroche, G.; Richet, C.; Saint Girons, F. Compt. Rend. Seances Soc. Biol. Et de ses Filiales 1913, 74 , 87 Richet, C. Compt. Rend. 1914, 158 , 304; 1311 1914 - Robert Bárány "for his work on the physiology and pathology of the vestibular apparatus." 1915 - No prize awarded due to WWI. 1916 - No prize awarded due to WWI. 1917 - No prize awarded due to WWI. 1918 - No prize awarded due to WWI. 1919 - No prize awarded due to WWI. 1920 - Jules Bordet (prize for 1919) "for his discoveries relating to immunity." Bordet, J. Ann. Bull. Soc. Roy. Sci. Med. Nat. 1914, 71 , 25 Bordet, J. Zentralbl. Biochem. Biophys. 1914, 15 , 190 Bordet, J. Bull. Acad. Roy. Med. Belg. 1919, 29 , 635 1920 - Schack August Steenberg Krogh "for his discovery of the capillary motor regulating mechanism." Krogh, A. J. Physiology 1919, 52 , 409; 457 Krogh, A.; Rheberg, P.B. Compt. Rend. Seances Soc. Biol. Et de ses Filiales 1922, 87 , 461 Krogh, A. J. Pharmacol. 1926, 29 , 177 4 1921 - No prize awarded. 1922 - No prize awarded. 1923 - Archibald Vivian Hill (prize for 1922) "for his discovery relating to the production of heat in the muscle." Hill, A.V. J. Physiol. 1911, 42 , 1 Hill, A.V. J. Physiol. 1912, 43 , 261 Hill, A.V. J. Physiol. 1913, 44 , 466 Hill, A.V. J. Physiol. 1913, 46 , 29 Hill, A.V. J. Chem. Soc. Abstr. 1913, 102 , 784 Hill, A.V. J. Physiol. 1914, 47 , 304 Hill, A.V.; Hartree, W. J. Physiol. 1920, 54 , 84 Hill, A.V. Proc. Roy. Soc. London 1921, 92B , 178 Hartree, W.; Hill, A.V. J. Physiol. 1922, 56 , 294; 367 Hartree, W.; Hill, A.V. Proc. Physiol. Soc., J. Physiol. 1924, 56 , xxiii Hartree, W.; Hill, A.V. J. Physiol. 1923, 58 , 127 Hartree, W.; Hill, A.V. J. Physiol. 1924, 58 , 441 1923 - Otto Fritz Meyerhoff (prize for 1922) "for his discovery of the fixed relationship between the consumption of oxygen and the metabolism of lactic acid in the muscle." Lactic acid metabolism Meyerhoff, O. Pfluger's Arch. Ges. Physiol. Menschen und Tiere 1919, 175 , 88 Meyerhoff, O. Pfluger's Arch. Ges. Physiol. Menschen und Tiere 1920, 185 , 11 Meyerhoff, O. Pfluger's Arch. Ges. Physiol. Menschen und Tiere 1920, 182 , 232; 284 Meyerhoff, O. Naturwiss. 1920, 8 , 696 Meyerhoff, O. Pfluger's Arch. Ges. Physiol. Menschen und Tiere 1921, 188 , 114 Meyerhoff, O. Pfluger's Arch. Ges. Physiol. Menschen und Tiere 1922, 195 , 22 Meyerhoff, O. Chem. Ber. 1925, 58B , 991 Meyerhoff, O. Biochem. Z. 1925, 162 , 43 Meyerhoff, O.; Schulz, W. Pfluger's Arch. Ges. Physiol. Menschen und Tiere 1927, 217 , 547 Meyerhoff, O.; Ohlmeyer, P.; Mohle, W. Biochem. Z. 1938, 297 , 90 Coining of "hexokinase" name Meyerhoff, O. Lancet 1930, 2 , 1415 Meyerhoff, O. Biochem. Z. 1932, 246 , 249 Meyerhoff, O. Naturwiss. 1935, 23 , 850 1923 - Frederick Grant Banting and John James Richard Macleod "for the discovery of insulin." Banting, F.G.; Best, C.H.; Collip, J.P.; Macleod, J.J.R.; Noble, E.C. Am. J. Physiol. 1922, 62 , 162; 559 Banting, F.G.; Best, C.H.; Collip, J.P.; Hepburn, J.; Macleod, J.J.R.; Noble, E.C. Proc. Trans. Roy. Soc. Canada 1922, 16 , 1 Banting, F.G.; Campbeli, W.R.; Fletcher, A.A. J. Metabolic Res. 1922, 2 , 547 Dr. John Andraos, http://www.careerchem.com/NAMED/NobelMed-Refs.pdf 5 Banting, F.G.; Best, C.H.; Doffin, G.M.; Gilchrist, J.A. Proc. Am. Physiol. Soc., Am. J. Physiol. 1923, 63 , 391 Best, C.H.; Scott, D.A.; Banting, F.G. Proc. Trans. Roy. Soc. Canada 1923, 17 , 81 Gilchrist, J.A.; Best, C.H.; Banting, F.G. Can. Med. Assoc. J. 1923, 13 , 565 Horder, T.; Banting, F.G.; Cammidge, P.J.; et al. Brit. Med. J. 1923, 2 , 175; 445 Banting, F.G.; Campbeli, W.R.; Fletcher, A.A. Brit. Med. J. 1923, 1 , 8 Banting, F.G.; Gairns, S. Am. J. Physiol. 1924, 68 , 24 Macleod, J.J.R.; Banting, F.G. The Antidiabetic Functions of the Pancreas and the Successful Isolation of the Antidiabetic Hormone Insulin, C.V. Mosby Co.: St. Louis, 1924 Banting, F.G. Science 1937, 85 , 594 Banting, F.G.; Best, C.H. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 1990, 115 , 254 (reprint) 1924 - Willem Einthoven "for his discovery of the mechanism of the electrocardiogram." Einthoven, W.; Bijtel, J. Archiv. Neerlandaisees de Physiol. 1922, 7 , 407 1925 - No prize awarded. 1926 - No prize awarded. 1927 - Johannes Andreas Grib Fibiger (prize for 1926) "for his discovery of the Spiroptera carcinoma." Fibiger, J. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 1914, 63 , 1244; 1432 Fibiger, J. Hospitalstidende 1914, 57 , 1927 - Julius Wagner-Jauregg (prize for 1927) "for his discovery of the therapeutic value of malaria inoculation in the treatment of dementia paralytica." Wagner-Jauregg, J. Am. J. Psychiatry 1994, 151 , 231 (reprint) 1928 - Charles Jules Henri Nicolle "for his work on typhus." Nicolle, C.; Lebailly, C.
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  • A Personal Perspective on Dr. Paul Janssen

    A Personal Perspective on Dr. Paul Janssen

    J. Med. Chem. 2005, 48, 1687-1688 1687 A Personal Perspective on Dr. Paul Janssen Sir James Black† Department of Analytical Pharmacology, King’s College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, England, U.K. Dr. Paul Janssen was the most prolific drug inventor tives of the lead and then evaluate them in the chosen of all time. Some people will point to the incredible bioassays. Whatever the result, any result would sug- number of drugs that he invented and marketed; some gest a new molecule to make and test. Iterative syn- people will note the huge revenues that his drugs earned thesis, bioassay evaluation, and test feedback would for Janssen Pharmaceutica and Johnson & Johnson; gradually build up a picture of structure-activity rela- some will marvel at the wide range of his inventions in tions. The whole process of forced chemical mutations psychopharmacology, neuropharmacology, gastroenter- that are tested for fitness in a biological environment ology, cardiology, parasitology, virology, immunology, is like Darwinian evolution. The one certain feature of anaesthesiology, and analgesia; others will draw atten- this cycling is that it is a slow process. The whole tion to his exceptional managerial skills in leading and process has to be driven by intense concentration and motivating and rewarding his very large R&D group; relentless commitment. Concentration is necessary to and more business-minded people will, with a mixture allow the evolving complex picture to be clear in the of admiration and envy, applaud his negotiating and mind so that timely judgments can be made about when deal-making skills in the marketplace.
  • Daniel Bovet

    Daniel Bovet

    D ANIEL B OVET The relationships between isosterism and competitive phenomena in the field of drug therapy of the autonomic nervous system and that of the neuromuscular transmission Nobel Lecture, December 11, 1957 Putting to good use the vast possibilities which organic synthesis offers, a number of workers have directed their efforts towards applying it to thera- peutics, and have sought to establish the bases of a science of pharmaceutical chemistry, or, more exactly perhaps, the bases of a science of chemical pharmacology worthy of this name. If such an ambitious programme has not yet been fully realized, we are at least justified in recognizing, in the work which has now been in progress for fifty years, the appearance of a few guiding principles whose value has not ceased to assert itself. This is particularly true, for example, in the case of ideas in isosterism and com- petition. The origin of many drugs must be looked for in substances of a biological nature, and in particular in the alkaloids. The elucidation of their structure has been a starting-off point for chemists to synthesize similar compounds. Cocaine, atropine, and morphia are particularly good examples in this respect, since substances which are made like them have shown, clinically, local anaesthetic, antispasmodic, and marked analgesic properties, respective- ly. In each of these cases the physiological properties of the new compound seem to be similar to the compound to which it is structurally related. This has been verified in many other fields, but it is nevertheless evident that in certain cases, molecules which are chemically closely related have very dif- ferent and even antagonistic properties.
  • The Making of a Biochemist

    The Making of a Biochemist

    book reviews disappearance of kuru as an important In the late 1920s, he looked into the effect TION episode in our understanding of the risks of light on the inhibition by carbon monox- A associated with this type of infectious ide of respiration in living cells. This work process. Informing the wider community of encompassed considerations of photo- these risks may lead to a more helpful debate chemical processes in terms of quantum about the public health policies required chemistry, and the use of the manometer, NOBEL FOUND to minimize the chances of another BSE photoelectric cell and spectroscope. From epidemic. Books such as this are useful in the shape of the curve obtained by plotting this context. the effectiveness of light against its wave- Colin L. Masters is in the Department of Pathology, length, it was possible to deduce the resem- 8 The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, blance between the respiratory ferment and 3052, Australia. haemins. Warburg was awarded the Nobel prize for physiology or medicine in 1931 for his recognition of the haemin-type nature of the respiratory ferment and its underlying The making principles. The development of Warburg’s theoreti- of a biochemist cal thinking and experimental procedures are Otto Warburgs Beitrag zur ably chronicled in Petra Werner’s introducto- Atmungstheorie: Das Problem der ry essay. Her book is the first volume of an Sauerstoffaktivierung* edition of Warburg’s correspondence Brilliant but flawed: Warburg tended to pettiness. by Petra Werner deposited in the Berlin–Brandenburg Aca- Basilisken-Presse: 1996. Pp. 390. DM136 demy of Sciences. Regrettably, the 143 pub- 1950).