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L'usage Politique Du Sport Au Liban Durant La Période De L'après- Taëf

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L'usage Politique Du Sport Au Liban Durant La Période De L'après- Taëf L'usage politique du sport au Liban durant la p´eriode de l'apr`es-Ta¨ef: Participation-Observante du milieu libanais Mohammad Abou Haidar To cite this version: Mohammad Abou Haidar. L'usage politique du sport au Liban durant la p´eriode de l'apr`es-Ta¨ef : Participation-Observante du milieu libanais. Science politique. Universit´eClaude Bernard - Lyon I, 2015. Fran¸cais. <NNT : 2015LYO10255>. <tel-01315607> HAL Id: tel-01315607 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01315607 Submitted on 13 May 2016 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destin´eeau d´ep^otet `ala diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publi´esou non, lished or not. The documents may come from ´emanant des ´etablissements d'enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche fran¸caisou ´etrangers,des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou priv´es. N° d’ordre Année 2015 THESE DE L‘UNIVERSITE DE LYON Délivrée par CLAUDE BERNARD LYON 1 ECOLE DOCTORALE EPIC (Education-Psychologie-Information-Communication, Ecole doctorale n°485) DIPLOME DE DOCTORAT STAPS Soutenue publiquement le 4 Décembre 2015 Par Mohammad ABOU HAIDAR L’Usage Politique du Sport au Liban durant la période de l'après- Taëf. Participation-Observante du milieu libanais Directeur de thèse : Philippe Liotard JURY : Philippe LIOTARD Pr. Luc ROBENE. Stéphane HEAS Sylvain FEREZ 2 DEDICACES Au moment de l’aboutissement de ce projet de thèse, je tiens à dédier ce travail aux membres de ma famille élargie pour leur amour et leur support continu et à ceux de ma famille nucléaire – à mes chères Ghida et Rama pour leur compréhension surtout durant les occasions familiales écourtées, ainsi qu'à toute personne; collègue ou ami(e), qui m'a supporté durant cette péripétie. 3 AVANT-PROPOS Bien que toutes les considérations rapportées dans l'avant-propos n'aient pas de rapport essentiel avec le sujet de la recherche, elles sont pourtant intimement liées au long cheminement ayant permis sa réalisation, car c'est par cette page que l'étudiant-chercheur clôture son travail avec tout ce qu'il est devenu, et pour tous ceux avec qui il a évolué au cours de ces années pleines de défis. Ainsi, je remercierai tout d'abord mes directeurs de thèse, Monsieur le professeur Thierry TERRET pour son accompagnement au début de ce projet mais plus particulièrement Monsieur le professeur Philippe LIOTARD pour l'excellence de son support méthodologique et pour avoir eu l'ouverture d'esprit nécessaire pour que son domaine de recherche soit mis à ma contribution dans le cadre de cette étude effectuée dans un contexte qui lui est exotique. Cher Professeur Liotard sachez que sans votre soutien, ce projet n'aurait pas vu le jour! Je suis également extrêmement reconnaissant envers le ministre Ali Hassan Khalil pour son précieux support et pour le grand respect qu'il a envers moi. Je tiens aussi à remercier mes collaborateurs de recherche en particulier le professeur Ahmad RIFAI pour son précieux et M. Ralph Abi Nader pour le souci de rigueur au moment de la collecte et de l'analyse des données. De même, je voudrais remercier Madame Nancy Wehbé pour sa gentillesse et son appui tout au long de la réalisation de ce doctorat. Je remercie également toutes les personnes pour m'avoir permis l'accessibilité aux données. Je tiens à exprimer ma gratitude aux membres de l'équipe du Centre de Support à la rédaction de thèses où j'ai trouvé un milieu de travail qui a stimulé ma réflexion. 4 Je voudrais finalement saluer ici mes amis et mes collègues de travail ainsi que tous les autres qui ont partagé un sourire avec moi et qui ont été empathiques aux états d'âme qu'engendre-la réalisation d'un tel projet d'étude. Enfin et surtout, je remercie ma famille, particulièrement ma conjointe Ghida et notre fille Rama qui m'ont à ce point aimé pour accepter les longues absences qu'a occasionnées ce voyage solitaire dans les hautes mers de la connaissance de soi et de l'autre. Enfin, mille mercis à tous ceux que j'ai manqués de citer mais qui se connaissent…… 5 TABLES DES MATIERES DEDICACES ............................................................................................................3 AVANT-PROPOS ....................................................................................................3 TABLES DES MATIÈRES ......................................................................................5 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 6 PREMIERE PARTIE ..............................................................................................11 GÉOPOLITIQUE ET SOCIÉTÉ AU LIBAN ..........................................................12 LA PRATIQUE DU SPORT AU LIBAN APRES LA GUERRE LIBANAISE ..... 23 L'ESSOR DU BASKET-BALL LIBANAIS … ........................................................41 PROBLEMATIQUE ................................................................................................. 59 LA METHODOLOGIE ............................................................................................. 64 DEUXIEME PARTIE ..............................................................................................99 LE SPORT DANS LES TEXTES OFFICIELS .......................................................100 DES PERSONNAGES CLES DANS LE DOMAINE SPORTIF ............................129 UN EVENEMENT SPORTIF EN COMMEMORATION DE LA GUERRE LIBANAISE! ....................................................................................................................................167 QUAND LES MINISTRES DU SPORT PARLENT! .............................................185 QUI SONT LES DECIDEURS DU DOMAINE SPORTIF AU LIBAN! ................205 LE DOMAINE SPORTIF VU PAR LES JOURNALISTES AU LIBAN! ..............227 CONCLUSION .........................................................................................................239 LISTE DES TABLEAUX .........................................................................................242 LISTE DES FIGURES ............................................................................................. 243 BIBLIOGRAPHIE ....................................................................................................244 ANNEXES ................................................................................................................255 ANNEXE A: COPIE DE MA CARTE DE MEMBRE AU PARTI AMAL ............256 ANNEXE B: LETTRE MONTRANT MON STATUT DE CONSEILLER AUPRES DU MINISTRE ALI HASSAN KHALIL .......................................................................257 ANNEXE C: EXEMPLE DE LETTRE DE CONVOCATION MONTRANT MA PARTICIPATION ACTIVE AUX REUNIONS OFFICIELLES .............................258 ANNEXE D: GUIDE THEMATIQUE POUR LES OBSERVATIONBS DIRECTES, LA PRISE DE NOTES ET DE MEMOS ........................................................................259 ANNEXE E: RECIT NARRATIF CONCERNANT LE DECLENCHEMENT DE LA GUERRE CIVILE LIBANAISE ..............................................................................261 ANNEXE F: LETTRE DE LA FIBA ADRESSEE A LA FEDERATION LIBANAISE DE BASKET-BALL .......................................................................................................264 RESUME DE LA THESE ....................................................................................... 265 6 INTRODUCTION Le Liban possède un système démocratique particulier dans lequel les positions au parlement sont réparties équitablement entre les musulmans et les chrétiens en allouant des parts égales aux 17 autres confessions légalement reconnues dans le pays (Schwerna, 2010). L'Etat est présidé par la «Troïka» formée du Président de la république qui devrait être maronite, le Premier ministre: un musulman sunnite et le Chef du parlement; un musulman chiite (Schwerna, 2010). Aucune enquête officielle nationale n'a eu lieu depuis 1932 (Schwerna, 2010), pourtant les estimations présument un taux de 60% à 65% de musulmans et 35% à 40% de chrétiens. Parmi les musulmans, les chiites (32% de l'ensemble de la population) sont les majoritaires tandis que pour les chrétiens, ce sont les maronites (25% de toute la population) qui prennent le dessus (Schwerna, 2010). Les groupes religieux libanais ont été décrits en tant que «tribus déguisées» car ils ressemblent beaucoup plus à des tribus qu'à des groupes sectaires ayant un même système de croyances, des doctrines particulières et des pratiques confessionnelles; cela conformément au faible taux de présence des croyants dans les églises et les mosquées avant 1975 qui fut l'année du conflit Musulman-Chrétien qui a secoué tout le pays pendant de longues années (Schwerna, 2010). Longtemps avant l'émergence de la république libanaise, les grandes familles se divisaient le pouvoir en se répartissant le territoire à la manière du pouvoir féodal français. Ils étaient appelés des «Zaim», nom qui veut dire plus couramment le «Patron». A l'issue de la guerre libanaise, un retour vers cette forme de pouvoir a été remarqué. Schwerna (2010) parle de néo-zaim pour décrire le fait que le Hezbollah - qui a commencé comme étant l'opposition libanaise contre l'occupation israélienne du territoire libanais au sud – a octroyé à son Secrétaire 7 Général Hassan Nasrallah le pouvoir de direction à vie! Il est de même pour le Général Michel Aoun, qui prend de
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