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Plants of Southeastern Alaska

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Plants of Southeastern Alaska Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science Volume 25 Annual Issue Article 38 1918 Plants of Southeastern Alaska J. P. Anderson Let us know how access to this document benefits ouy Copyright ©1918 Iowa Academy of Science, Inc. Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uni.edu/pias Recommended Citation Anderson, J. P. (1918) "Plants of Southeastern Alaska," Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science, 25(1), 427-449. Available at: https://scholarworks.uni.edu/pias/vol25/iss1/38 This Research is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa Academy of Science at UNI ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science by an authorized editor of UNI ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Anderson: Plants of Southeastern Alaska PLANTS OF SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA. J. P. ANDERSON. The following list of species is based on collection and observa tions by the writer except in the case of a few grasses and sedges from Sitka of which specimens are in the herbarium of the U. S. Agricultural Experiment Station at that place. Proper facilities for the determination of all the species not being at hand, sets were sent away for determination. The Sitka collections were sent to the U. S. National Herbarium while the plants from Juneau were sent to the New York Botanical Garden where they were determined by Dr. P. A. Rydberg. In regard to the localities mentioned the following notes may prove helpful. Sitka is situated on the west or seaward side of Baranoff island in latitude 75° 3' N. and longitude 135° 20' W. The winters are mild and with but little snow. The summers are cold. Numerous small islands abound. Large bogs occur near the town. Sanitarium, generally known as Sitka Hot Springs, is located 16 miles south of Sitka on Baranoff island. It is a health re sort. Here are several hot springs of mineral water. Juneau is located on the mainland in latitude 58° 18' N. and longitude 134° 24' W. The winters are several degrees colder than at Sitka and generally with considerable snow. The sum mers are slightly warmer. Mendenhall is a small settlement about 11 miles northwest of Juneau. As used 'in this list it comprises a glacial plain about five miles long extending from the sea to the present foot of ilendenhall glacier. The flora here differs somewhat from that of the surrounding country and some sti'ictly alpine plants occur. One trip was made up the Taku- river in September, 1917. The collections were made about three miles from the mouth of the stream. Jualin is located on the east side of Lynn Canal about half way between Juneau and Skagway. A few specimens were col lected here in October, 1917. Perseverance Basin is directly back of Juneau, the Persever ance mine being at the head of the basin about five miles from town.Published by UNI ScholarWorks, 1918 1 Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science, Vol. 25 [1918], No. 1, Art. 38 428 IOWA ACADEMY OF SCIENCE VOL. XXV, 1918 No mention is made of the occurrence of species at the smaller places except as they may differ from Juneau or Sitka. Be tween the two latter places there is considerable difference as will be noted from the list which follows. The whole region is comparable to a series of submerged moun tain ranges with the sea filling the valleys. It is heavily for ested except the mountain tops and small areas of bog or of flats at the mouth of streams. Timber line is dbout 2,500 feet at Sitka and somewhat less at Juneau. Rainfall is abundant with much cloudy weather. Typical peat bogs or Muskeg occur while wet and springy places are found everywhere. Synonyms are given only in cases where they have been in common use or were used 'by one or the other of those who made determinations. Common names are given only when well estab lished 'by general or local use. POLYPODIACE^. Polypodium indgare occidentale Hook. Common in moss on rocks, logs, and trees. Considered by some to be P. glycyrrhiza D. C. Eaton. Thelypteris phegopteris (L.) Slosson. (Phegopteri-s phegop- tcris (L.) Keyserling.) (Dryopteris phegopteris (L.) C. Chr. A fairly common woodland species. Thelypteris dryopteris (L.) Slosson. (P. dryopteris (L.) Fee.) (D. dryopteris (L.) Christ.) Common in woods. Pteridmm acquili/num pubescens Underw. Brake or Bracken. Moderately frequent at Sitka but not collected at Juneau. Cryptogamma acrostichoides R. Br. Found in the crevices of rocks on the mountain sides. Adwntum pedatum aleu-ticum Bupr. Maiden Hair Fern. Quite common on wooded mountain sides. Rare near sea level. Struthiopteris spicant (L.) Weiss. (Lomaria spiccmt (L.) Desv. ) Common in woods around Sitka and collected at Jualin but not observed around Juneau. Deer are said to be very fond of it, hence it is called Deer Fern. Asplenium viride Huds. A small fern frequent in the crevices of rocks. Athyrium cyclosorwm Rupr. Our largest fern. It often fills low, wet places with a rank growth three to five feet high. Athyrium alpestre (Noppe) Rylands. Collected in an alder https://scholarworks.uni.edu/pias/vol25/iss1/38thicket at about 2200 feet elevation near Juneau. 2 Anderson: Plants of Southeastern Alaska PLANTS OF SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA 429 Polystichum braunii (Soenner) Fee. Common in woods, be ginning a short distance from the sea. Polystichum lonchites (L.) Roth. Collected on the mountain side near Juneau at about 2000 feet. Dryopteris spinulosa (L.) Kuntae. Collected 'along Taku river. Dryopteris dilatata campyloptera Kuntze. A common wood land fern. Filix fragilis (L.) Underw. Moderately frequent from sea level to considerable elevations. EQUISETACE^B. Equisetum arvense L. Common Horsetail. Common in wet sandy soil. Equisetum fluviatile L. Common along the margin of lakes and ponds. Equisetum laevigatum A. Br. Collected in a small pond be low the glacier at Mendenhall. LYCOPODIACE^]. Lycopodium alpinum L. Fairly common at, high elevations and along Taku river. Lycopodium annotimtm L. Common on the marshes, the stems creeping through the moss. The writer pulled one out of the marsh near Sitka that measured 102 inches in length with a lateral branch 42 inches long. Lycopodium clavatum L. Collected on marshes about twenty miles south of SitKa and about fifteen miles north of Juneau. Lycopodium complcmatum L. This species is quite common along Taku river. Lycopodium poraphilum Lloyd & Underwood. Quite common in the forests, especially on wet rocks. PINACE^I. Juniperus nanus Willd. Dwarf Juniper. A low spreading shrub occurring in swampy places, occasional around Sitka and common further south. Chmnaecyparis nootkatensis (Lamb) Spach. Alaska or Yel low Cedar. Common around Sitka and many other parts of southeastern Alaska. Ranges from sea level to about 2000 feet elevation and attains a diameter of two feet or more. Wood very valuable. Pinus contorta Dougl. Lodgepole Pine. This species occurs mostly in and around the marshes where it is often only a Published by UNI ScholarWorks, 1918 3 Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science, Vol. 25 [1918], No. 1, Art. 38 430 IOWA ACADEMY OF SCIENCE VOL. XXV, 1918 stunted shruo. Some fair sized trees occur. The wood is heavy and resinous. Abies amabilis (Loud.) Forbes. What appears to be this fir occurs along Taku river. Picea sitchensis (Bong.) T. & M. Sitka or Tideland Spruce. This is the dominant forest tree of southeastern Alaska. At tains large size and is the chief source of lumber and firewood. The lumber has recently come into great demand for aeroplane building. Tsiuja hctfroplnjlla (Raf.) Sarg. Western Hemlock. Next to Sitka spruce this is our largest and most abundant forest tree. Attains a diameter of four feet. Tsuga m-ertensiana (Bong.) Carr. Black or Mountain Hem lock. A small tree, infrequent near sea level but increasing in abundance as one ascends. It is essentially a timber line tree, on alpine summits often forming masses of spreading bushes a few feet high but with trunks sometimes eight to ten inches in diameter. SPARGANIACE^E. Spahganiinn an-gustifolium Michx. Collected in Swan lake, Sitka. Sparganium minimum Fries. Collected in some small pools at Mendenhall. NAIDACE/E. Potamoycton heteroplnjllus Schreb. Both this and the fol lowing species are frequent in lakes and ponds, around Sitka. Potamogetcm natans L. Zostcra marina L. Eel Grass. Very common off the shore, rooting just below low tide. SCHEUCHZERIACE^E. Triglochin maritima L. Common along the seashore, especially the parts of tide flats covered only at the very high tides. POACEjE. Eclnnocloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. Barnyard Grass. Has been introduced with feed but does not seem able to maintain itself. PMeum pratense L. Timothy. This grass has been intro duced around towns, canneries, etc., where it finds no difficulty in maintaining itself. Phleum alpinum L. Mountain Timothy. Fairly common in wet soil along streams and on open mountain sides.. https://scholarworks.uni.edu/pias/vol25/iss1/38 4 Anderson: Plants of Southeastern Alaska PLANTS OF SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA 431 Cinna latifoUa (Trev.) Griseb. A frequent species around Juneau. Agrostis alba L. Redtop. This has been introduced and established at Sitka.. Agrostis hyemalis geminata (Trin.)) Hitchc. Agrostis exarata Trin. Common in wet soil. Agrostis melaleitca (Trin.) Hdtchc. Agrostis borealis Hartm. Frequent in the crevices of rocks near the beach at Sitka. Podagrostis aequivalvis (Trin.) Scribn. & Merrill. A com mon marsh species. Calamagrostis aleutica Trin. A tall, stout grass that is abun dant around Sitka but not observed at Juneau. Calamagrostis langsdorfii Trin. The most abundant and val uable grass at Juneau and almost as common as C. aleutica at Sitka. Calamagrostis canadensis (Miehx.) Beauv. Bluejoint. Oc curs at Juneau.
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