Text extracted from a scan by Google Book Search. request, and the whole collection arranged by Mr. E. E. Baldwin. FIRST BIENNIAL REPORT 4. The catalogue prepared by W. D. Whitney, of plants OF THE observed in the Lake Superior Land District, and PROGRESS published in Foster and Whitney’s Report, vol. ii. OF THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 5. The notes of Miss Mary Clark, of Ann Arbor, an OF MICHIGAN, enthusiastic botanist and collector from various parts of the State. EMBRACING OBSERVATIONS ON THE GEOLOGY, ZOÖLOGY, AND BOTANY 6. A collection of plants made in the neighborhood of OF THE Fort Gratiot, near the foot of Lake Huron, by Mr. E. P. LOWER PENINSULA Austin, Assistant on the Coast Survey of the lakes. 7. Observations made by the writer during several years past in the vicinity of Ann Arbor. MADE TO THE GOVERNOR, DECEMBER 31, 1860. 8. A very few species have been admitted on the authority of Gray’s Manual of Botany. BY AUTHORITY. The catalogue shows, except in the case of very LANSING: common plants, every locality where each species was Hosmer & Kerr, Printers to the State. noted, and, affixed to this, the date, provided the plant 1861. was seen in flower. Such plants as are common to this Digitized by Google list and Dr. Wright’s, have their localities designated,, in a general way, by initials corresponding to the four REPORT OF THE STATE GEOLOGIST. quarters of the Lower Peninsula, thus: “S. E., (Wright),” “S. W., (Wright),” &c. All other localities are definitely stated, and the authority, if other than our own observations, follows in parenthesis. The corrections of nomenclature within the space of 20 years have PART III. converted many of Dr. Wright’s names into synonyms, BOTANY. which are made to follow the modern name thus: Hepatica triloba, Chaix, (H. Americana—W.) CHAPTER IX. For the purpose of convenient reference, as well as economizing space, the common names of most of the species have been placed in the left hand margin CATALOGUE OF PHÆNOGAMOUS AND opposite the scientific names. ACROGENOUS PLANTS FOUND GROWING WILD IN THE LOWER PENINSULA OF MICHIGAN AND THE LIST OF PLANTS. ISLANDS AT THE HEAD OF LAKE HURON.

RANUNCULACEÆ During the season of 1859, no special botanical assistant was connected with the survey. As the work of Virginia’s Bower. Clematis virginiana, L. (C. virginica— 1860, was to extend into portions of the State less W.) known to the botanist, Mr. N. H. Winchell was selected Emmet Co.; Ann Arbor, (Wright.) to accompany the exploring party in the special capacity Many Cleft Anemone multifida, DC. of botanical collector and assistant, and the following Anemone. Mouth Saginaw River, 14 June; Mackinac catalogue has been drawn up by his hands. Long Fruited Anemone cylindrica, Gray. Anemone. The following are the sources from which the materials Ann Arbor; Pigeon R., 18 June. for this catalogue have been derived: Tall Anemone. Anemone Virginiana, L. Drummond’s I.; Ann Arbor, (Wright); Ft. 1. The observations of the geological parties in 1859 Gratiot, (Austin). and 1860. Pennsylvanian Anemone Pennsylvania, L. (A. 2. The catalogue published by Dr. Wright in the Anemone. acontifolia.—W.) Geological Report of 1838. Shore Saginaw B.; Ann Arbor; Ft. Gratiot. 3. The University Herbarium which contains many Wind Flower. Anemone nemorosa, L. plants collected after the publication of Dr. Wright’s Ann Arbor, very common; Ft. Gratiot. Catalogue. A list of these plants was made out at my

First Biennial Report of the Progress of the Geological Survey of Michigan - Botany – Page 1 of 39 Round Lobed Hepatica triloba, Chaix. (H. Orangeroot. Hydrastis Canadensis, L. Hepatica. Americana.—W) Ann Arbor, (Wright.) Ann Arbor; very common. Red Baneberry. Actaea spicata, L. var. rubra, Michx. (A Sharp Lobed Hepatica acutiloba, DC. White Baneberry rubra.-W.) Hepatica. Ann Arbor, very common; S. W. (Wright.) Cohosh. Shore of Saginaw Bay; Drummond’s I.; Ann Arbor; (Miss Clark). Rue Anemone. Thalictrum anemoides, Michx. Ann Arbor. var. alba, Michx. (A. alba.—W.) Ann Arbor; Pt. au Chene, L. Mich. Early Meadow Thalictrum dioicum, L. Rue. Ann Arbor. Black Snakeroot. Cimcifuga racemosa, Ell. S. E. (Univ. Herb). Meadow Rue. Thalictrum Corunuti, L. Ann Arbor; Stone I., Saginaw B.; Sulphur I., MAGNOLIACEÆ. north of Drummond’s; Ft. Gratiot. Tulip-tree, Liriodendron Tulipifera, L. White Water- Ranunculus aquatilis, L. var. Ann Arbor. Crowfoot. divaricatus. Ann Arbor; Middle I., Lake Huron, 9 July; Ft. ANONACEÆ. Gratiot. Common Papaw. Asimina triloba, Dunal. Yellow Water- Ranunculus Purshii, Richards. (var. Monroe Co.; Farmington; Ann Arbor, (Miss Crowfoot. fluviatilis—Univ. Herb.) Clark). Ann Arbor; Ft. Gratiot. MENISPERMACEÆ. Spearwort. Ranunculus Flammula, L. var. reptans. Canadian Menispermum Canadense, L. Creeping St. Mary’s R., 31 July; S. E. (Univ. Herb.); L. of Moonseed. S. W. (Wright); Ann Arbor, (Miss Clark). Spearwort. Lilies (Miss Clark.) BERBERIDACEÆ. Ranunculus rhomboideus, Goldie. “Prairies, Michigan,” (Gray.) Blue Cohosh, Caulophyllum thalictroides, Michx. Ann Arbor, (Miss Clark). Small Flowered Ranunculus abortivus, L. Pappoose-root. Crowfoot. Ann Arbor, common; Stone I., Saginaw Bay; Mandrake, May- Ft. Gratiot. Podophyllum peltatum, L. Apple. Ann Arbor, very common; shore of Saginaw var. micranthus. Bay; Ft: Gratiot. Ann Arbor; Drummond’s I. Twin-leaf. Jeffersonia diphylla, Pers. Cursed crowfoot. Ranunculus sceleratus, L. Anm Arbor, (Miss Clark). Ann Arbor; St. Helena I., L. Mich., 10 Aug.; Ft. Gratiot. CABOMBACEÆ. Hooked crowfoot. Ranunculus recurvatus, Poir. Water-shield. Brasenia peltata, Pursh. Ann Arbor; Ft. Gratiot. S. E. (Univ. Herb). Bristly Crowfoot. Ranunculus Pennsylvanicus, L. NYMPHÆACEÆ. S. W. (Wright); Ann Arbor, (Miss Clark.) Sweet-scented Nymphæa odorata, Ait. Early Crowfoot. Ranunculus fascicularis, Muhl. Water-Lily. Ann Arbor; Ft. Gratiot. Ann Arbor, common. Yellow Pond Lily Nuphar advena, Ait. Creeping Ranunculus repens, L. Spatter-dock. Saginaw B., common, 15 June; St, Mary’s R., Crowfoot. Ann Arbor; Pigeon R., 18 June. in flower July 31; Ann Arbor, (Miss Clark); F. Gratiot. Buttercups. Ranunculus acris, L. Yellow Pond Lily Nuphar Kalmiana, Pursh. Mackinac, 19 July; Saut St. Marie, abundant as spatter-dock. well as at Mackinac; Ft. Gratiot. Saginaw B., 15 June; S. W. (Wright). Marsh Marigold. Catha palustris, L. SARRACENIACEÆ. Ann Arbor, Sturgeon Pt., L. Huron, very large, Pitcher-plant. Sarracenia purpurea, L. deeply crenate leaves. Ann Arbor; near “sitting rabbit,” 17 Aug. Spreading Trollius Laxus, Salisb. PAPAVERACEÆ. Globeflower. “Deep swamps, Mich.” (Gray.) Blood-root. Three leaved Coptis trifolia, Salisb. Sanguinaria Canadensis, L. Ann Arbor; St. Joseph’s I. Goldthread. S. E. (Wright); Mont Lake, (Miss Clark.) Wild Columbine. Aquilegia Canadensis, L. FURMARIACEÆ. Ann Arbor; shore of Saginaw B.; Drummond’s Climbing Adlumia cirrhosa, Raf. I.; Ft. Gratiot. Fumigory. Middle I., L. Huron, 9 July; Grand Rapids, Tall Larkspur. Delphinium exaltatum, Ait. (Miss Clark). “Rich soil,” (Gray.)

First Biennial Report of the Progress of the Geological Survey of Michigan - Botany – Page 2 of 39 Dutchman’s Dicentra Cucullaria, DC. Tower mustard. Turritis glabra, L. Breeches. Detroit, (Austin). Gros cap,L. Mich.,18 Aug. Squirrel Corn. Dicentra Canadensis, DC. Turritis stricta, Graham. Cape Ipperwash, C. W., (Austin). Will Stone I., Saginaw B., 16 June. undoubtedly be found within our limits. Turritis brachycarpa.Torr. & Gray. Golden Corydalis. Corydalis aurea. Willd. Ann Arbor; Alpena; Ft. Gratiot, (Gray). Middle I., L. Huron, 9 July; Drummond’s I, 23 July. Winter cress, Barbarea vulgaris, R. Br. Yellow rocket. Thunder B. Is.; St. Helena I., L. Mich., in Pale Corydalis. Corydalis glanca, Pursh. blossom here 20 Aug., as it was at Thunder B. Sanilac, (Austin); Drummond’s I., 23 July, has July 7th. the spur and lower part of; corolla pale red, and the upper part, with the tips of the petals, Hedge Mustard. Sisymbrium officinale, Scop. yellow; less common than the preceding, both Ann Arbor. preferring the vicinity of new clearings. Tansy Mustard. Sisymbrium canescens, Nutt. CRUCIFERÆ. Shore of L. Mich. Water cress. Nasturtium officinale, R. Br. White Mustard. Sinapis alba, L. Ann Arbor. Northfield, Ann Arbor, (Miss Clark). Field Mustard, Marsh cress. Nasturtium palustre, DC. Sinapis arvensis, L. Charlock. Ann Arbor. Ann Arbor; shore of Saginaw Bay. Black Mustard. Nasturtium amphibium, R. Br. Sinapis nigra, L. Ann Arbor. S. Michigan, (Wright). Whitlow-grass. Lake cress. Nasturtium lacustre, Gray. (N. Draba arabisans, Michx. Upper Michigan,” (Gray). natans—W) S.E. (Univ. Herb). Whitlow-grass. Draba nemorosa, L. Ft. Gratiot, (Gray). Horseradish. Nasturtium Armoracia, Fries. Ann Arbor; Pigeon river, 18 June. Wild pepper- Lepidium Virginieum, L. grass. Ann Arbor; Saginaw Bay, 14 June. Toothwort, Pepper Dentaria diphylla, L. root. Ann Arbor. Lepidium intermedium, Gray. N. W. (Gray). Toothwort, Dentaria laciniata, Muhl. Pepper-root. Ann Arbor; N. E. (Univ. Herb). Shepherd’s purse. Capsella Bursa-pastoris, Moench. Ann Arbor; Saut St. Marie, 30 July. Abundant Spring cress. Cardamine rhomboidea, DC. everwhere. Ann Arbor. American sea- Cakile Americana, Nutt. var. purpurea, Torr. rocket. Pt. au Chene, L. Mich., 18 Aug.; frequently Ann Arbor. seen on sandy beaches; rarely seen with both Cuckoo-flower. Cardamine pratensis, L. joints of the pod containing a perfect seed. Ann Arbor; S. W. (Wright); Livingston Co., CAPPARIDACEÆ. (Miss Clark). Polanisia. Polanisia graveolens, Raf. Common Bitter Cardamine hirsuta. L. S. Michigan, (Wright). cress. St. Helena I, L. Mich., 20 Aug.; S. W. (Wright); Ann Arbor, (Miss Clark). VIOLACEÆ. var. Virginica, Michx. Round-leaved Viola rottundifolia, Michx. Ann Arbor, (Miss Clark). Violet. Sugar Island. Rock cress. Arabis lyrata, L. Sweet White Viola blanda, Willd. Sand Pt. Saginaw B., 17 June; S. E. (Wright); Violet. Ann Arbor; Northshore L., Mich. Mont Lake, (Miss Clark). The specimens seen at Sand Pt. were the variety (Sisymbrium Common Blue Viola cucullata, Ait. arabidoides, Hook.) peculiar to “Upper Violet. Ann Arbor; Saginaw B.; Drummond’s I.; Ft. Michigan and northward.” Hand-leaf Violet. Gratiot. Rock cress. Arabis hirsuta, Scop. (A. sagittata.— var. palmata. W.) Ann Arbor, (Miss Clark). Middle I., L. Huron, 8 July; S. E. (Wright). Arrow-leaved Viola sagittata, Ait., (V. ovata—W.) Rock cress. Arabis lævigata, DC. Violet. Ann Arbor; Detroit, (Miss Clark). Alpena; S. Michigan, (Wright). Bird-foot Violet. Viola pedata, L. Sickle pod. Arabis Canadensis, L. Ann Arbor. S. E. (Wright). Long-spurred Viola rostrata, Pursh. Violet. Ann Arbor, common in May. First Biennial Report of the Progress of the Geological Survey of Michigan - Botany – Page 3 of 39 American Dog Viola Muhlenbergii, Torr. Common St. Hypericum perforatum, L. Violet. Ann Arbor. Johns-wort. Ann Arbor, (Miss Clark). Pale violet. Viola striata, Ait. Hypericum ellipticum, Hook. Ann Arbor. Ann Arbor, (Miss Clark). Canada Violet. Viola Canadensis, L. Hypericum mutilum, L. (H. Ann Arbor; Emmet Co., 26 Aug. parviflorum.—W.) Downy Yellow Viola puvescens, Ait. S.W. (Wright); “Elmwood,” (Miss Clark). Violet. Ann Arbor; Ft. Gratiot; Emmet Co.; common. Hypericum Canadense, L. Ann Arbor; Ft. Gratiot; Sulphur L, north of var. eriocarpa, Nutt. Drummond’s, 8 Aug.; S. W. (Wright). Ann Arbor; Emmet Co.; common. Marsh St. John’s- Elodea Virginica, Nutt. (Hypericum CISTACEÆ. wort. Virginicum—W.) Frostweed. Helianthemum Canadense, Michx. S. Michigan, (Wright). Ann Arbor; Mouth Saginaw R., 14 June. Marsh St. John’s- Elodea petiolata, Pursh. Hudsonia. Hudsonia tomentosa, Nutt. wort. Grosse Isle, (Miss Clark). S. Michigan, (Univ. Herb). CARYOPHYLLACEÆ. Pin-weed. Lechea major, Michx. Common S.Mich., (Wright). Saponaria officinalis, L. Soapwort, Ann Arbor, S. Michigan, (Wright). DROSERACEÆ. Bouncing Bet. Cow-Herb. Vaccaria vulgaris, Host. (Saponaria Round-leaved Drosera rotundifolia, L. Sundew. Mouth Saginaw R.; Saut St. Marie, 28 July. vaccaria—W.) S. Michigan, (Wright). Drosera longifolia, L. Starry Campion. S. Michigan, (Wright). Silene stellata, Ait. S. Michigan, (Wright). PARNASSIACEÆ. Fire Pink, Silene Virginica, L. Grass of Parnassia palustris, L. Catchfly. S. Mich. (Univ. Herb). Parnassus. Ann Arbor; Drummond’s I., 22 July, none of the Wild Pink. leaves heart-shaped, though the sterile Silene Pennsylvania, Michx. filaments were about 9. Mont Lake, (Miss Clark). Grass of Parnassia Caroliniana, Michx. (P. Sleepy Catchfly. Silene antirrhina, L. Parnassus. Americana—W.) Mouth of Saginaw River, 14 June; S. E. (Wright). North shore of L. Mich., 17 Aug.; S. Mich. (Wright). Night-flowering Silene noctiflora, L. Catchfly. HYPERICACEÆ. Port Huron, (Miss Clark). Corn-Cockle. Agrostemma Githago, L. Giant St. Johns- Hypericum pyramidatum, Ait. (H. Ann Arbor. wort. Acyroides—W.) S. Mich. (Wright); Ft. Gratiot. Sandwort. Alsine Michauxii, Fenzl. (Arenaria striata—W.) Hypericum Kalmianum, Lf S. Mich. (Wright). Ft. Gratiot, Gros Cap, L. Mich., 18 Aug.; Port Huron, “marshy margin of river,” (Miss Clark); Thyme-leaved Arenaria serpyllifolia, L. S. Mich. (Wright). Sandwort. Ann Arbor; Mackinac, 19 July, common. Shrubby St. Hypericum prolificum, L. Mœhringia. Mœhringia lateriflora, L. (Arenaria Johns-wort. Drummond’s I., 22 July; S. W. (Wright); Ann Arbor. lateriflora—W.) S. Mich. (Wright). Hypericum corymbosum, Muhl. (H. Common Stellaria media, Smith. punctatum—W.) Chickweed. Ft. Gratiot, S. Mich. (Wright). Ann Arbor; Ft. Gratiot, S. Mich. (Wright). Stitchwort. Stellaria longifolia, Muhl. Ann Arbor; Ft. Gratiot; Bruce Mine, Ca., 26 July. Long-stalked Stellaria longipes, Goldie. Stitchwort. Gros Cap, L. Mich., 18 Aug., abundant in pure sand. Mouse-ear Cerastium vulgatum, L. Chickweed. Ann Arbor; Mackinac, 19 July.

First Biennial Report of the Progress of the Geological Survey of Michigan - Botany – Page 4 of 39 Field Chickweed. Cerastium arvense, L. Carolina Geranium Carolinianum, L. Cranesbill. S. Michigan, (Univ. Herb.) Drummond’s I.; Alcona Co., 1 July. Occurs sparingly throughout the northern counties. Larger Mouse-ear Cerastum viscosum, L. Herb Robert. Chickweed. Ann Arbor; Ft. Gratiot; Willow-Creek, 20 June. Geranium Robertianum, L. Stone I., Saginaw B., 16 Jane; S. Mich. Corn Spurrey. Spergula arvensis, L. (Wright); Middle I., L. Huron; Drummond’s I; S. Mich. (Wright). Mackinac. More common than the preceding. Forked Chick- Anychia dichotoma, Michx. BALSAMINACEÆ. weed. S.W. (Wright). Pale Touch-me- Impatiens pallida, Nutt. Carpet-weed. Mollugo verticillata, L. not. Bruce Mine, Ca., 27 July; S. E. (Wright); Sugar Ft. Gratiot; S. Mich. (Wright). L, abundant, 1 Aug. PORTULACACEÆ. Spotted Touch- Impatiens fulva, Nutt. me-not. Ann Arbor; Sugar I., 31 July; Branch L., Common Portulaca oleracea, L. Antrim,Co. The prevailing species. Purslane. Ann Arbor; common. RUTACEÆ. Spring Beauty. Claytonia Virginica, L. Northern Prickly Ann Arbor; Mackinac, (Whitney). Zanthoxylum Americanum, Mill. Ash, Ann Arbor; Stone I., Saginaw B. MALVACEÆ Toothache tree. Common Mallow. Malva rotundifolia, L. Shrubby Trefoil, Ann Arbor. Ptelea trifoliata, L. Hop-tree. S. Mich., (Wright). Velvet-Leaf. Abutilon Avicennae, Gaertn. Ann Arbor. ANACARTHACEÆ. Bladder Ketmia. Hibiscus Trionum, L. Staghorn Sumach. Rhus typhina, L. Ann Arbor. Ann Arbor; Stone I, Saginaw B., 16 June; Emmet Co.; Grand Traverse Co.; S. W. TILIACEÆ. (Wright). Basswood, Tilia Americana, L . (T. glabra.—W) Smooth Sumach. Rhus glabra, L. Linden. Ann Arbor; Drummond’s I.; Emmet Co.; Antrim Ann Arbor; Stone I., Saginaw B.; N. shore of L. Co.; Pt. au Chene, L. Mich. The Basswood is Mich.; S. W. (Wright). of frequent occurrence throughout the Dwarf Sumach. Southern Peninsula, nowhere forming, Rhus copalina, L. however, a considerable portion of the forest S. W. (Wright); Detroit, (Miss Clark). growth. It is most common along the inland Poison Sumach or Rhus venenata, DC. lakes of Emmet and Antrim counties, where it Dogwood. S. Mich. (Wright). attains a large size, comparing favorably with the surrounding Elms, Beaches and Birches, in Poison Ivy. Rhus Toxicodendron, L. the beauty of its foliage and symmetry of its Poison Oak. Ann Arbor; Stone I., Saginaw R., 16 June; trunk. common in the counties bordering on L. Huron; LINACEÆ Sault St. Marie, common; less common on L. Mich. Wild Flax. Linum Virginianum, L. Rhus radicans, L. S. Mich., (Wright). Bear Creek, Emmet Co.; S. E. (Wright). Larger Yellow Linum Boottii, Planchon. Fragrant Sumach. Rhus aromatica, Ait. Flax. S. Michigan, (Univ. Herb). Dover, (Miss Clark). Common Flax. Linum usitatissimum, L. VITACEÆ. S.Mich., (Wright). Summer Grape. OXALIDACEÆ. Vitis æstivalis, Michx. Ann Arbor; S. Mich. (Wright). Violet Wood- Oxalis violacea, L. Winter or Frost Vitis cordifolia, Michx. Sorrel. S. E. (Univ. Herb). Grape. Ann Arbor; Drummond’s I.; Stone I., Saginaw Yellow Wood- Oxalis stricta, L. B.; Sand dunes of Emmet Co., its vines sorrel. Ann Arbor. covering the surface of the sand in abundance. Oxalis corniculata, L. var riparia, (V. riparia—W.) S. Mich. (Univ. Herb.) S. E (Wright). GERANIACEÆ. Virginian Creeper. Ampelopsis quinquefolia, Michx. Charity Is., Sag. B., 27 June; Ann Arbor. Wild Cranesbill. Geranium maculatum, L. Ann Arbor, common; S. shore of Saginaw B., RHAMNACEÆ common.

First Biennial Report of the Progress of the Geological Survey of Michigan - Botany – Page 5 of 39 Buckthorn. Rhamnus alnifolius, L’Her. (R. Seneca Polygala Senega, L. franguloideus—W.) Snakeroot. Ann Arbor; shore of Saginaw B.; Drummond’s S. E. (Wright). I.; Sugar I.; Saut Ste Marie; North shore of L. Mich. New Jersey Tea. Ceanothus Americanus, L. Ann Arbor; Ft. Gratiot; Sand Pt., Saginaw B., Polygala polyama, Walt. 17 June; Emmet Co. Ft. Gratiot; S. Mich. (Univ. Herb.) CELASTRACEÆ. Flowering Polygala pancifolia, Willd. wintergreen. Ann Arbor; Drummond’s I. Wax-work. Celastrus scandens, L. Climbing Ann Arbor; S. W. (Wright). var. alba. Eights. Bitter-sweet. S. Mich. (Wright). Burning-Bush. Euonymus atropurpureus, Jacq. LEGUMINOSÆ. Waahoo. S. E. (Wright). Wild Lupine. Lupinus perennis, L. Strawberry Bush Enonymus Americapus, L. Tar. Ann Arbor; mouth of Saginaw R. obovatus, Torf. & Gray. (E. obovatus—W.) Red Clover. Trifolium pratense, L. S. W. (Wright); Ann Arbor, (Miss Clark). Ann Arbor; Pigeon river, 18 June; SAPINDACEÆ. Presqu’ Isle; Drummond’s I.; Grand Traverse Co. Common everywhere. American Bladder- Staphylea trifolia, L nut. S. W. (Wright); Ann Arbor, (Miss Clark). White Clover. Trifolium repens, L. Fetid or Ohio Aesculus glabra, Wild. Ann Arbor; Bois Blanc I., 15 July; Saut Buckeye. S. Michigan, (Wright). St. Marie; Emmet Co., woodlands. Striped Maple. Acer Pennsylvanicum, L. Sweet Clover, Melilotus alba. Lam. Alcona Co., (most southern known limit of its White Melilot. range in the State); common at False Presque Ann Arbor; Pine L., Emmet Co., 23 Isle, and northward, a small slender trees the Aug. largest specimens seen measuring 5 inches in Lead Plant. diameter, 3 feet from the surface. Amorpha canescens, Nutt. Mountain Maple. Acer spicatum, Lam. Western Michigan. Alcona Co., 1 July; False Presque Isle, Common Locust, Robinia Pseudacacia, L. common, and northward. This is the prevailing False Acacia. species on the high lands of Drummond’s, St. Ann Arbor; Mackinac, in cultivation. Josephs and Sugar Islands; smaller than the last. Goat’s Rue, Tephrosia Virginiana, Pers. Catgut. Sugar Maple. Acer saccharinum, Wang. S. W. (Wright); Livingston Co., (Miss Clark). Black Sugar Ann Arbor; Mackinac, common, but the only species seen on the island 1; Emmot, Antrim Maple. Milk-Vetch. and Leelanaw counties, forming here a Astragalus Canadensis, L. conspicuous and important portion of the forest Ann Arbor; Belle river, (Miss Clark); S. timber. Common throughout the State. W. (Wright). var. nigrum. (A. nigrum.—W.) Tick Trefoil. Desmodium nudiflorum, DC. Ann Arbor. S. Mich., (Wright). White or Silver Acer dasycarpum, Ehrhart. (A. Tick Trefoil. Maple. Desmodium acuminatum, DC. eriocarpum.—W.) S. Mich., (Wright). Ann Arbor. Tick Trefoil. Desmodium pauciflorum, DC. Red or Swamp Acer rubrum, L. Maple. Ann Arbor; Bruce Mine, Ca.; Branch L., Antrim Mont Lake, (Miss Clark). Co. Tick Trefoil. Desmodium rotundifolium, DC. Ash-leaved Maple, Negundo aceroides, Moench. S. Mich. (Wright). Box-Elder. S. Mich., (Univ. Herb). Tick Trefoil. “Desmodium canescens, DC.?” POLYGALACEÆ. S. W. (Wright). Tick Trefoil. Milkwort. Polygala sanguinea, L. (P. purpurea.— Desmoditim cuspidatum, Torr. & Gray. W.) (D. bracteosum—W.) S.W. (Wright); Ann Arbor, (Miss Clark). S. Mich. (Wright). Tick Trefoil. Milkwort. Polygala eruciata, L. Desmodium laevigatum, DC. S. Mich. (Wright). S. Mich. (Wright). Polygala verticillata, L. Ann Arbor; S. W. (Wright).

First Biennial Report of the Progress of the Geological Survey of Michigan - Botany – Page 6 of 39 Tick Trefoil. Desmodium Dillenii, Darlingt (D. Marsh Vetchling. Lathyrus palustris, L. Marylandicum—W.) Ann Arbor; Ft. Gratiot; Bay City, common; S. W. [Wright); Mont L. (Miss Clark). Psaganin, 26 June; Drummond’s I., 26 July; Branch L., Antrim Co. Tick Trefoil. Desmodium paniculatum, DC. S. Mich. (Wright). var. myrtifolius. (L. myrtifolius—W.) Ft. Gratiot; Alpena Co., 6 July; Lit. St. Martin’s Tick Trefoil. Desmodium strictum, DC. I.; S. Mich. (Wright). S. Mich. (Wright). Kidney Bean. Phaseolus diversifolius, Pers. Bush Trefoil. Desmodium Canadense, DC. S. Mich. (Wright). Ann Arbor; Mont Lake, (Miss Clark). Ground-nut. Apios tuberosa, Moench. Tick Trefoil. Desmodium sessilifolium, Torr. & Gray. S. Mich. (Wright). S. Mich., (Univ. Herb). Hog Pea-nut. Amphicarpaea monoica, Nutt. Tick Trefoil. Desmodium rigidum, DC. S. W. (Wright). Ann Arbor; S. W. (Univ. Herb). Wild Indigo. Baptisia tinctoria, E. Br. Tick Trefoil. Desmodium ciliare, DC. Ann Arbor. S. Mich., (Wright). Baptisia leucantha, Torr. & Gray. (B. Tick Trefoil. Desmodium Marilandicum, Boott. (D. alba.—W.) obtusum—W.) Calhoun County. S. Mich., (Wright). Baptisia leucophasa, Nutt. Bush Clover. Lespedeza violacea, Pers. S. Mich., (Torr. & Gr.) S. W. (Wright); Ann Arbor, (Miss Clark). Red-bud. Cercis Canadensis, L. var. angustifolia. (L. reticulata.—W.) Ann Arbor. S. W. (Wright). Wild Senna. Cassia Marilandica, L. Slender Lespedeza repens, Torr. & Gray. (“L Ann Arbor; S. W. (Wright). Lespedeza. prostrata?”—W.) Kentucky Coffee- Gymnocladus Canadensis, Lam. S. Mich., (Wright); Ann Arbor, (Miss Clark). tree. Ann Arbor. Bush Clover. Lespedeza Stuvei, Nutt. Three-thorned Gleditschia triacanthos, L. S. Mich. (Univ. Herb). Acacia, Honey Ann Arbor. Bush Clover. Lespedeza hirta, Ell. (L. polystachia— Locust. W.) ROSACÆ. S. W. (Wright). Wild Yellow Plum, Prunus Americana, Marshall. Bush Clover. Lespedeza capitata, Michx. Red Plum. Ann Arbor; Pt. au Chene, L. Mich. S.W. (Wright); Mont Lake, (Miss Clark). Sand Cherry. Prunus pumila, L. (P. depressa—W.) var. augustifolia. (L. angustifolia—W.) Sand Point, Saginaw B.; shore of L. Huron to S. W. (Wright). Drummond’s I., (at Middle I. 5 feet high, branching diffusely from the base); Gros Cap, Vetch, Tare. Vicia Cracca, L. L. Mich.; very abundant on the sand dunes of S. Mich. (Wright). Emmet Co.; and southward along the shore of L. Mich. The fruit is a black, medium sized Vetch. Vicia Caroliniana, Walt. cherry; flavor much like the choke-cherry, less Ann Arbor, common. astringent, but more bitter. Vetch. Vicia Americana, Muhl. Wild Red Cherry. Prunus Pennsylvanica, L. Ann Arbor; W. Mich. (Miss Clark). False Presqu’ Isle ; Drummond’s I., very common; Sugar I.; Emmet Co.; S. E. (Wright), Beach Pea. Lathyrus maritimus, Bigelow. Small tree rarely exceeding 15 ft. in height. Pt. au Sable, Saginaw B., 17 June; shore of L. Huron, common; Lit. St. Martin’s I; S. W. (Univ. Choke Cherry. Prunus Virginiana, L. (P. obovata—W.) Herb.); Sand dunes of Emmet Co. Ann Arbor; Sand Point, Saginaw B.; False Presqu’ Isle; shore of L. Mich., Emmet and Vetchling. Lathyrus venosus, Muhl. Antrim counties, abundant; K. shore of L. Mich. Ann Arbor. Wild Black Cherry. Prunus serotina, Ehrhart. Pale Vetchling, Lathyrus ochroleucus, Hook. Ann Arbor; Presqu’ Isle; Emmet Co. Ann Arbor; Pte au Chapeau, Saginaw B., 18 Frequently attains the size of “a fine large June. Among the settlers this species is called tree.” The largest specimens seen occur in Indian Pea. Shiawassee Co., where it is an abundant forest tree.

First Biennial Report of the Progress of the Geological Survey of Michigan - Botany – Page 7 of 39 Nine-Bark. Spiræa opulifolia, L. Marsh Five-finger. Potentilla palustris, Scop. (P Ann Arbor; Thunder B. Is., 7 July; Lit. St. Comarum—W.) Martin’s I.; Drummond’s I., common; Elk Ft. Gratiot; Sault Ste Marie, 28 July; Traverse Rapids, Antrim Co., common; its clusters of City; S. E. (Wright). white flowers, or red winged pods, making it one of the most attractive shrubs of the forest. Strawberry. Fragaria Virginiana, Ehrhart. Ann Arbor; S. shore of Saginaw R, 13 June; Common Spiræa salicifolia, L. Drummond’s I.; Traverse City. More common Meadow- Ann Arbor; Alpena Co., 6 July; Drummond’s I.; than the next, except northward. sweet. Bruce Mine, Ca.; S. Mich. (Wright). Less common than the last. Strawberry. Fragaria vesca. L. Ann Arbor; Middle I., L. Huron; Huron Co.; Hardhack, Spiræa tomentosa, L. Mackinac. Steeple-bush. S.W. (Wright); Mont Lake, (Miss Clark). Dalibarda. Dalibarda repens, L. [D. fragaroides Queen of the Spiræa lobata, Murr. (violaeoides)—W] Prairie. S. Mich. (Wright). Ann Arbor, (Miss Clark). Bowman’s Boot. Gillenia trifoliata, Meoench. Purple Flowering Rubus odoratus, L. S. Mich. (Univ. Herb). Raspberry. Ft. Gratiot; Thunder Bay I., 7 July; Presqu’ Isle, Common Agrimonia Eupatoria, L. abundant, 12 July; Gros Cap, L. Mich. Agrimony. Ann Arbor; Ft. Gratiot; Pt. au Chene, L. Mich., White Flowering Rubus Nutkanus, Mocino. 18 Aug. Raspberry. Thunder Bay Is., 7 July; Presqu’ Isle, 12 July. Small-Flowering Agrimonia parviflora, Ait. Earlier out of blossom than the last. Agrimony. Detroit, (Miss Clark). Dwarf Raspberry Rubus triflorus, Richardson. [R. Canadian Burnet. Sanguisorba Canadensis, L. saxatilis (var. Canadensis)—W.] S. Michigan, (Wright). Ann Arbor; Lit. St. Martin’s I., very abundant, trailing stems long and slender, covering the Avens. Geum album, Gmelin. ground in shade of forests. Shore of Saginaw B., 26 June; Pt. au Chene, L. Mich., 18 Aug. Wild Red Rubus strigosus, Michx. Raspberry. Middle I., L. Huron; Thunder Bay Is., abundant; Geum Virginianum, L. Bois Blanc I.; Sugar I., very abundant and very Ann Arbor; Ft. Gratiot. prolific; Emmet Co.; Mont Lake (Miss Clark). Very common especially where the ground has Large-leaved Geum macrophyllum, Willd. been burn-over. The fruit is largely Avens. Ft. Gratiot? (Austin.) manufactured into “raspberry jam” which is sent to all parts of the United States and to the Geum strictum, Ait. W. Indies. Ann Arbor; Ft. Gratiot; Bois Blanc I.; Ottawa, Iosco Co. Black Raspberry, Rubus occidontalis. L. Thimbleberry. Ann Arbor. Water or Purple Geum rivale. L. Avens. Ann Arbor; Mackinaw; Lit. St. Martin’s I. Common or High Rubus villosus. Ait. Blackberry. Ann Arbor; Middle I., L. Huron; Drummond’s I.; Barren Waldsteinia fragarioides, Tratt. Emmet, Antrim and Grand Traverse counties, Strawberry. Livingston Co., 14 May; S. Mich. (Univ. Herb.) abundant. Cinquefoil. Potentilla Norvegica, L. var. frond sus. (R. frondosus.—W.) Grass Island, Thunder Bay, 3 July; Traverse City; S. E. (Wright). Drummond’s I., common, 24 July; Ann Arbor, (Miss Clark). Low Blackberry, Rubus Canadensis, L. Dewberry. Sand Pt., Saginaw B,; Saut St. Marie; Ann Common Potentilla Canadensis, L. Arbor, (Miss Clark). Less common than the R. Cinquefoil, Ann Arbor; Ft. Gratiot; Mouth of Saginaw R., villosus; S. E. (Wright). Five-finger. 14 Juno; Mouth Sebawaing R., Tuscola Co. Running Swamp Rubus bispidus, L. Silvery Cinquefoil. Potentilla argentea, L. Blackberry. Squaw Pt, Thunder B.; Mont Lake, (Miss Ann Arbor, (Miss Clark). Clark); S. Mich. (Univ. Herb). Potentilla arguta, Pursh. Low-bush Rubus trivialis, Michx. Gros Cap, L. Mich., 18 Aug.; Ann Arbor, (Miss Blackberry. S. Mich. (Wright); Mont Lake, (Miss Clark). Clark). Identification questionable. Silver-weed. Potentilla Anserina, L. Sand Blackberry. Rubus cuneifolius, Pursh. Mouth of Sebawaing R., 14 June; shore of L. (S.) Mich. (Miss Clark). Huron, very common; Drummond’s I.; Bruce Mine, Ca.; S. W. (Wright). Climbing or Prairie Rosa setigera, Michx. Rose. Jackson Co.; Gross Isle, (Miss Clark). Shrubby Potentilla fruticosa. L. Cinquefoil. Ann Arbor; Thunder Bay Is.; Drummond’s I.; Swamp Rose. Rosa Carolina, L. common on sandy and gravelly shores as well St. Joseph’s I., 27 July; Ann Arbor. as near marshes, sometimes 4½ ft. in hight.

First Biennial Report of the Progress of the Geological Survey of Michigan - Botany – Page 8 of 39 Dwarf Wild-Rose. Rosa lucida, Ehrhart. Spiked Lythrum Salicaria, L. Ann Arbor; Drummond’s I.; Sault Ste Marie. Loosestrife. S. Mich. (Wright). var. parviflora, (Ehrhart). (R. Swamp Nesæa verticillata, H. B. K. (Decodon parviflora—W.) Loosestrife. verticillatum—W.) Sand Pt., Saginaw B.; S. Mich. (Wright). S. Mich. (Wright). Gross Isle, (Miss Clark). Early Wild-Rose. Rosa blanda, Ait. ONAGRACEÆ. Ft. Gratiot; S. shore of Saginaw B.; Drummond’s I.; St. Joseph’s I., abundant, often Great Willow- Epilobium angustifolium, L. forming the principal part of the shrubbery on Herb. Ft. Gratiot; Alcona Co., 1 July; Thunder Bay, high, rocky soil, or along gravelly beaches; common; Drummond’s I., common; Bruce Mackinac; Emmet Co.; Traverse City. The Mine, Ca., common, a single specimen was most frequent representative of this genus. found with white flowers; L. Sup.; Pt. au Chene, L. Mich. A very common and Sweet-Brier. Rosa rubiginosa, L. conspicuous herb, northward, especially where Ann Arbor; Mackinac, abundant, 19 July. the ground has been burned over or cleared for settlement. Scarlet-fruited Crataegus coccinea, L. Thorn. Ann Arbor; Stone I., Saginaw B., 16 June. Epilobium palustre, L. var. lineare. (E. Black or Pear lineare—W.) Crataegus tomentosa, L. Saut St. Marie. Thorn. Ann Arbor; Stone I., Saginaw B., 16 June. Epilobium molle, Torr. var. pyrifolia. S. Mich. (Wright). Saut St. Marie; Ann Arbor, (Miss Clark). Epilobium coloratum, Muhl. var. punctata. (C. punctata.—W.) Ann Arbor; Ft. Gratiot; Middle I., L. Huron, 8, Ann Arbor; Stone I., Saginaw B. July; Saut St. Marie, common; Pt. au Chene, L. var mollis. Mich., 19 Aug.; Traverse City. Ann Arbor. Common Evening- Œnothera biennis, L. Primrose. Cockspur Thorn. Cratægus Crus-galli, L. Ann Arbor; Thunder Bay Is., 3 July; Sugar I., common; Mackinac; Green R., Emmet Co.; S. Ann Arbor. W. (Wright). Crab-Apple. Pyrus coronaria, L. var. muricata, (E. muricata.-—W.) Ann Arbor. S. W. (Wright). Choke-berry. Pyrus arbutifolia, L. Sundrops. Œnothera fruticosa, L, Ann Arbor; Ft. Gratiot; Saut St. Marie. Ann Arbor. var. melanocarpa (P. melanocarpa.— Œnothera pumila, L. W.) S. Mich. (Wright). Ann Arbor. Gaura. Gaura biennis, L. American Pyrus Americana, DC. S. Mich. (Wright). Mountain-Ash. St. Joseph I. Seed-box. Ludwigia alternifolia, L. June berry, Shad- Amelanchier Canadensis, Torr. & Gr. S. W. (Wright). bush, Service- Ann Arbor; St. Joseph’s I.; Northport; Pt. au berry. Chene, L. Mich. False Loosestrife. Ludwigia polycarpa, Short & Peter. Swamps, Michigan, (Dr. Pitcher). var. Botryapium, (A. Botryapiurn.—W.) Mackinac. Water Purslane. Ludwigia palustris, Ell. S. Mich. (Univ. Herb.) var. oblongifolia. S. Mich. (Univ. Herb). Enchanter’s Circæa Lutetiana, L. Nightshade. Ft. Gratiot; Pt. au Chene, L. Mich., 18 Aug.; Medlar-bush. var. rotundifolia. (A. ovalis.—W.) Pine Lake, Emmet Co., 23 Aug. Found in S. Mich. (Wright). moist, cold woodlands, not common. var. almifolia. Circæa alpine, L. Presqu’ Isle. Ann Arbor; Ft. Gratiot; St. Joseph’s I., 2 Aug. var. oligocarpa, (A sanguine—W.) Water Milfoil. Myriophyllum verticillatum, L. S. Mich. (Wright). S. Mich. (Wright). LYTHRACEÆ. Mare’s-tail. Hippuris vulgaris, L. S. Mich. (Wright). Ammannia. Ammannia humilis, Michx. S. Mich. (Univ. Herb.) GROSSULACEÆ. Loosestrife. Lythrum alatum, Pursh. Wild Gooseberry. Ribes Cynosbati, L. S. Mich. (Univ. Herb.) Ann Arbor; Stone I., Saginaw B.; Drummond’s I.

First Biennial Report of the Progress of the Geological Survey of Michigan - Botany – Page 9 of 39 Smooth Wild Ribes hirtellum, Michx. Marsh Pennywort. Hydrocotyle Americana, L. Gooseberry. Mackinac; Ann Arbor, (Miss Clark); Sitting Saut St. Marie, 30 July; Ann Arbor, (Miss Rabbit. Clark). Smooth Wild Ribes rotundifolium, Michx. (R. Marsh Pennywort. Hydrocotyle umbellata, L Gooseberry. triflorum.—W.) S. W. (Wright). St. Joseph’s I.; Sitting Rabbit; S. Mich. Sanicle, Black Sanicula Canadensis, L. (Wright). The last two species of gooseberry Snakeroot. were seen at Sitting Rabbit growing within Ann Arbor. three feet of each other, in a beach composed Sanicle, Black Sanicula Marilandica, L. of fragments of limestone, very prolific. Snakeroot. Ft. Gratiot; shore of Saginaw B., common; Though the former species is generally Drummond’s l.; Pt. au Chene, L. Michigan; S. cultivated, the latter is preferable, the fruit Mich. (Wright). being larger, with a pleasant tart in place of the flat sweetness of the former, and the branches Rattlesnake- Eryngium yuccaæofolium, Michx. (E. less thorny. Its branches are spreading or Master, Button aquaticum—W.) procumbent; those of the former erect and Snakeroot. rigid. By this difference they are easily S. W. (Wright). distinguished at a distance. Polytænia Nuttallii, DC. Swamp Ribes lacustre, Poir. S. Mich. (Wright). Gooseberry. Drummond’s I.; Sitting Rabbit; Grand Traverse Cow Parsnip. Co. Heracleum lanatum, Michx. Ann Arbor; Stone I., Saginaw B., 16 June; Port Fetid Currant. Ribes prostratum, L’Her. Hope, Huron Co., abundant and very large; St. St. Joseph’s I. Helena I., L. Mich. Wild Black Ribes floridum, L’Her. Common Parsnip. Pastinaca sativa, L. Currant. Stone I., Saginaw B.; St. Joseph’s I.; S. Mich. Ann Arbor; Bois Blanc I. (Wright). Cowbane. Archemora rigida, DC. var. ambigua, Red Currant. Ribes rubrum, L. (A. ambigua—W) Ann Arbor. S. Mich. (Wright). CUCURBITACEÆ. Archangelica. Achangeiica hirsuta, Torr. & Gr. (Angelica triquivata.—W.) Wild Balsam- Echinocystis lobata, Torr. & Gr. Emmet Co.; S. W. (Wright); Ann Arbor, (Miss apple. (Mormordica echinata—W) Clark). S. Mich. (Wright). Great Angelica. Archangelica atropurpurea, Hoffm. CRASSULACEÆ. (Angelica atropurpurea.—W.) Ditch Stonecrop. Penthorum sedoides, L. Ann Arbor. Ann Arbor. Meadow Parsnip. Thaspium barbinode, Nutt. SAXIFRAGACEÆ. S. W. (Wright). Meadow Parsnip. Swamp Saxifrage. Thaspium aureum, Nutt. Saxifraga Pennsylvanica, L. Ann Arbor, rather common; S. shore of Ann Arbor. Saginaw Bay, common; Drummond’s I. Common Heuchera Americana, L. Alumroot. var. apterum. (Zizia aurea.—W.) Ann Arbor. S. Mich. (Wright). Mitre-wort, Mitella diphyllia, L. Meadow Parsnip. Bishop’s Cap. Thaspium trifoliatum, Gray, var. Ann Arbor. apterum, Torr. & Gr. (Zizia Mitre-wort, Mitella nuda, L. (M. cordifolia.—W.) cordata.—W.) Bishop’s Cap. Ft. aux Barques, L. Huron, 21 Jane; S. W. (Wright). Drummond’s I.; Pittsfield, (Miss Clark). Alexanders. Zizia integerrima, DC. False Mitre-wort. Tiarella cordifulia, L. Ann Arbor; Ft. Gratiot; Pt. au Chene, L. Mich.; Ft. Gratiot; S. shore of Saginaw Bay; Bear Mackinac, (Miss Clark). Creek, Emmet Co., very abundant; Branch Lake, Antrim Co., 30 Aug. Spotted Cowbane Cicuta maculata, L. S. Mich. (Wright). Golden Saxifrage. Chrysosplenium Americanum, Musquash-root. Schwein. Cicuta bulbifera, L. S. W. (Wright). Ann Arbor; Grand Traverse Co.; Port Huron, (Miss Clark). HAMAMELACEÆ. Water-Parsnip. Sium lineare, Michx. Witch-Hazel. Hamamelis Virginica. S. Mich., (Univ. Herb). Ann Arbor; Mackinac; Traverse City; S. W. Water-Parsnip. (Wright). Sium angustifolium, L. S. Mich. (Univ. Herb). Sium latifolium of UMBELLIFERÆ. Wright’s Catalogue is probably one of these species. First Biennial Report of the Progress of the Geological Survey of Michigan - Botany – Page 10 of 39 Honewort. Cryptotænia Canadensis, DC. Twin flower. Linnæa borealis, Gronov. Ann Arbor. Pt au Chapeau, Saginaw Bay, 18 June; shores of Lakes Huron and Michigan, very abundant. Smoother Sweet Osmorhiza longistylis, DC.’ Cicely. Ann Arbor; Charity Is., 27 June; Pt au Chene, Wolf-berry. Symphoricarpus occidentalis, R. Br. L. Mich. Fort Gratiot, (Austin). Hairy Sweet Osmorhiza brevistylis, DC. Snowberry. Symphoricarpus racemosus, Michx. Cicely. Ft. Gratiot; shore of Saginaw Bay, 26 June; Pt. Pt. au Chapeau, Sag. Bay, 18 June; Alpena au Chene, L. Mich.; Ann Arbor. The prevailing Co. species. Yellow Lonicera flava, Sims. Poison Hemlock. Conium maculatum, L. Honeysuckle. Ann Arbor, (Miss Clark). Mackinac, common. Small Lonicera parviflora, Lam. Harbinger of Erigenia bulbosa. Nutt. Honeysuckle. Drummond’s I., common. Spring. Ann Arbor, (Miss Clark). var. Douglassii. ARALIACEÆ. Ann Arbor; Pt. aux Barques, L. Huron, 19 June; Drummond’s I. Spikenard. Aralia racemosa, L. Ann Arbor; Sugar I., 31 July; Mackinac, (Miss Hairy Lonicera hirsuta, Eaton Clark). Not common. Honeysuckle. Charity Is., Saginaw Bay, 27 June; Drummond’s I., common; Pt. au Chene, L. Bristly Aralia hispida, Michx. Mich. Sarsaparilla, Sturgeon Pt., L. Huron, 30 June, common; Wild Elder. Drummond’s I.; Pt. an Chene, L. Mich. Emmet Fly Honeysuckle. Lonicera ciliata, Mubl. (Hylosteum Co.; Port Huron, (Miss Clark). ciliatum.—W.) Wild Sarsaparilla Aralia nudicaulis, L. Sugar Island. Ann Arbor; Pt. au Sable, Sag. Bay, 16 June; Bush Diervilla trifida, Mœnch. (D. Drummond’s I.; St. Joseph’s I. Very common. Honeysuckle. Canadensis.—W.) Ginseng. Aralia quinquefolia, Gray. (Panax Ann Arbor; Ft. Gratiot; Pt. au Barques, L. Huron, 19 June; shore of L. Huron, very quinquefolium.—W.) common; St. Helena I.; Emmet, Antrim and S. W. (Wright); Saut St.Marie, and Ann Arbor, Leelanaw counties, very common; Sugar I., (Miss Clark). abundant. Dwarf Ginseng, Aralia trifolia, Gray. (Panax trifolium.— Fever-wort. Ground-nut. Triosteum perforatum, L. W.) Ann Arbor; Ft. Gratiot. Ann Arbor. Common Elder. Sambucus Canadensis, L. CORNACEÆ. Ann Arbor; Sanilac Co. Dwarf Cornel, Cornus Canadensis, L. Red-berried Elder. Sambucus pubens, Michx. (S. Bunch-berry. Ft. Gratiot; S. shore of Saginaw B., 18 June; pubescens.—W.) Drummond’s I., common; Sugar I.; St. Helena Ann Arbor; Bois Blanc I.; Drummond’s I.; Pt. I.; Emmet Co., common; Leelanaw Co.; au, Chene, L. Mich.; Traverse City. More Pittsfield, (Miss Clark). Very common and common northward than the last. widely diffused, northward. Sweet Viburnum. Flowering Viburnum Lentago, L. Cornus florida, L. Ann Arbor; Ft. Gratiot. Dogwood. S. Mich. (Wright). Downy Arrow- Round-leaved Viburnum pubescens, Pursh. Cornus circinata, L’Her. wood, Dock- Ann Arbor. Cornel. False Presvu’ Isle, L. Huron, 11 July; S. Mich. Mackie. (Wright). Maple-leaved Viburnum accrifolium, L. Silky Cornel, Cornus sericea, L. Arrow-wood. Ann Arbor; Ft. Gratiot; S. shore of Saginaw Kinnikinnik. Ann Arbor. Bay, 23 June; Mission Ft., Grand Traverse Co. Red-osier Cornus stolonifera, Michx. Cranberry-tree. Viburnum Opulus, L (V. oxycoccus.— Dogwood. Stone I., Saginaw B., 16 June; Sand dunes of W.) Ottawa Co.; 30 Aug.; Ann Arbor. Ann Arbor; Ft. Gratiot; shore of Saginaw Bay; Panicled Cornel. Cornus paniculata, L’Her. St. Joseph’s I.; Branch Lake, Antrim Co., abundant along the marshy margin of the river. Ann Arbor; Stone I., Saginaw Bay., 16 June; Bear Creek, Emmet Co. RUBIACEÆ. Alternate-leaved Cornus alternifolia, L. Cleavers, Goose- Cornel. Galium Aparine, L. Ann Arbor; Ft. Gratiot; Little Traverse Bay. Grass. Sat St. Marie; S. W. (Wright); Ann Arbor, (Miss Pepperidge, Nyssa multiflora, Wang. Clark). Tupelo. Ann-Arbor; Bloomfield, Oakland Co. CAPRIFOLIACEÆ.

First Biennial Report of the Progress of the Geological Survey of Michigan - Botany – Page 11 of 39 Rough Bed-straw Galium asprellum, Michx. Blazing Star. Liatris squarrosa, Willd. Saut St. Marie, 29 July, growing rankly in the Ann Arbor. thickets near the river. One specimen measured 5 ft. 5 in. in hight, climbing and Button Snake- Liatris cylindracea, Michx. leaning on shrubs; Ann Arbor. root. S. Mich., (Wright). Galium concinnum, Torr. & Gr. Button Snake- Liatris scariosa, Willd. Ann Arbor. root. Ann Arbor. Small Bed-straw. Galium trifidum, L. Gay-Feather. Liatris spicata, Willd. Ann Arbor; S. shore of Saginaw Bay; Saut St. S. W. (Wright). Marie, 29 July. Button Snake- Liatris pycnostachya, Michx. var. tinctorium, (G. tinctorium.—W) root. Mont Lake, (Miss Clark). ? S. shore of Saginaw Bay, common; S. Mich., Kuhnia. (Wright). Kuhnia eupatorioides, L. S. Mich. (Wright). var. lautodium, (G. obtusum.— W.) Joe-Pye Weed, S. Mich., (Wright). Eupatorium purpureum, L. Trumpet- Ann Arbor; Drummond’s I; Bruce Mine, Ca., Sweet scented Galium triflorum, Michx. Weed. common; Pt. au Chene, L. Mich.; Mission Bedstraw. Willow river, shore of Sag. Bay, 20 June, Point; Saut St. Marie, common; Branch Lake, common; Bruce Mine, Ca., 27 July; St. Helena Antrim Co., abundant. I.; Ann Arbor, Miss Clark). Very common throughout the northern portions of the State. var. maculatum, (E amoenum.—W.) s. Mich. (Wright). Galium pilosum, Ait. Upland Boneset. Ann Arbor, (Miss Clark); S. Mich., (Univ. Herb.) Eupatorium sessilifolium, L. S. Mich., (Wright). Wild Liquorice. Galium circæsans, Michx. Throughwort, Ann Arbor; Ft. Gratiot. Eupatorium perfoliatum, L. Boneset. Ann Arbor; Drummond’s I., 22 July. Wild Liquorice. Galium lanceolatum, Torr. White Snake-root. S. Mich. (Wright). Eupatorium ageratoides, L. Ann Arbor. Northern Bed- Galium boreale, L. Mist flower. straw. Ann Arbor; Ft. Gratiot; S shore of Saginaw Conoclinium cœlestinum, DC. Bay. “Rich soil,” (Gray). Button-bush. Cephalanthus occidentalis, L. Sweet Colts-foot. Nardosmia palmata, Hook., Ann Arbor. Lake Huron, (Nuttall). Partridge-berry. Mitchella repens, L. Colts-foot. Tussilago Farfara, L. Ft. Gratiot; Emmet Co., common; S. W. Saut St. Marie, (Whitney). (Wright); Pittsfield, (Miss Clark). Corymbed Aster. Aster corymbosus, Ait. Binets. Oldenlandia purpurea. S. Mich. (Wright). Ann Arbor. Large Leaved Aster macrophyllus, L. var. longifolia. Aster. S. W. (Univ. Herb). S. Mich., (Univ. Herb); Dover, (Miss Clark). Silky Aster. Aster sericeus, Vent. var. ciliolata, (H. ciliolata.—W.) S. Michigan, (Wright). S. Michigan, (Wright). Lax Leaved Aster. Aster laxifolius, Nees. VALERIANACEÆ. L. Huron, (Dr. Pitcher.) Valerian. Valeriana sylvatica, Richards. Spreading Aster. Aster patens, Ait. Ann Arbor. var. phlogifolius. Ann Arbor, (Miss Clark). Valerian. Valeriana edulis, Nutt. Ann Arbor, (Miss Clark). Smooth Aster. Aster lævis, L. Ann Arbor. Corn Salad, Fedia radiata, Michx. Lamb-Lettuce. Low grounds and moist fields, (Dr. Pitcher). var. lævigatas. Ann Arbor. DIPSACEÆ. Azure Aster. Aster azureus, Lindl. Wild Teasel. Dipsacus sylvestris, Mill. S. W. (Univ. Herb); Fort Gratiot, (Dr. Pitcher); Ann Arbor. Ann Arbor, (Miss Clark.) COMPOSITÆ. Wavy Aster. Aster undulatus, L. (“A. Iron-weed. Vernonia Noveboracensis, Willd. diversifolius?”—W.) S. Michigan, (Wright). S. Michigan, (Wright). Iron-weed. Vernonia fasciculata, Michx. S. W. (Univ. Herb). First Biennial Report of the Progress of the Geological Survey of Michigan - Botany – Page 12 of 39 Heart Leaved Aster cordifolius, L. (A. paniculatus.— common; Sugar L, very common; Alcona Co. Aster. W.) Solidago latifolia, L. Ann Arbor; Drummond’s I., common; Emmet Ann Arbor. Co. Solidago cæsia, L. (S. axillaris and Arrow Leaved Aster sagittifolius, Willd. Aster. flexicaulis.—W.) Ann Arbor; St. Joseph’s I., 5 Aug.; S. W. (Univ. Ann Arbor, common; Dear Creek, Emmet Co., Herb). 24 Aug.; Traverse City; Northport. Common in Heath-like Aster. the sandy soil of Emmet, Antrim, Grand Aster ericoides, L. Traverse and Leelanaw counties. Drummond’s I., 9 Aug.; Ann Arbor, (Miss Clark). Solidago puberula, Nutt. Many Flowered Aster multiflorus, Ait. Presqu’ Isle Co., 13 July, growing in a sandy Aster. beach; St. Joseph’s I., 8 Aug., growing among Ann Arbor, 26 Sept., very common. other herbs and shrubs, in a gravelly sell, a few Tradescant’s Aster Tradescanti, L. rods from the water. Aster. Ann Arbor. Solidago stricta, Ait. Dwarf Aster. Aster miser, L., Ait. Drummond’s I. Bear Creek, Emmet Co., 24 Aug.; Ann Arbor, Solidago speciosa, Nutt. (Miss Clark). Ann Arbor. Simple Aster. Aster simplex, Willd. var. angustata. Leelanaw Co. Ann Arbor. Thin Leaved Aster tenuifolius, L. Aster. Solidago rigida, L. Emmet Co., 3 Sept. Ann Arbor; S. W. (Wright.) Flesh colored Aster carneus, Nees. Aster. Solidago Ohioensis, Riddell. Pt. au Chene, L. Mich., 18 Aug. Drummond’s I., 9 Aug. Long Leaved Aster longifolius, Lam. (A. laxus.—W.) Aster. Solidago Riddellii, Frank. Ann Arbor. Emmet Co., S Sept.; S. W. (Univ. Herb). New England Aster Novæ-Angliæ, L. Aster. Solidago Houghtonii, Torr & Gr. Ann Arbor, (Miss Clark). Drummond’s I., 25 July, plant sometimes 2 ft. Sharp Leaved Aster acuminatus, Michx. in height, with a compound corymb of 150 flowerheads. Aster. “S. Michigan,?” (Wright). Lofty Aster. Aster præaltus, Poir. (“A. Solidago patula, Muhl. Ann Arbor. salicifolius,?”—W.) S. Mich.; (Wright). As this species is not Solidugo arguta, Ait. embraced in Gray’s Manual, Wright’s Ann Arbor. determination may be, regarded as exceedingly doubtful. var. juncea, (S. juncea—W.) S. Mich., (Wright). Sternutative Aster. Aster ptarmicoides, Torr. & Gray. Drummond’s I., 10 Aug.; S. E. (Univ. Herb). var. scabrella. Ann Arbor. Horse-weed, Erigeron Canadense, L. Butter-weed. Ann Arbor; Drummond’s I.;Saut St. Marie; Solidago altissima, L. Leelanaw Ck).; Mackinac; Port Huron, (Miss Ann Arbor. Clark); S. W. (Wright). Very common everywhere. Solidago ulmifolia, Muhl. S. W. (Univ. Herb). Robin’s Plantain. Erigeron bellidifolium, Muhl. Ann Arbor. Solidago nemoralis, Ait. Ann Arbor; Drummond’s I.; N. W. (Univ. Herb). Fleabane. Erigeron Philadelphicum. L. Ann Arbor; Stone I., Saginaw B., 16 June; Solidago serotina, Ait. Drummond’s L, 25 July. S. Mich. (Wright). Daisy Fleabane, Erigeron annuum, Pers. (E. Solidago Canadensis, L. Sweet heterophyllum.—W.). Ann Arbor; Drummond’s I.. 25 July, common; Scabious. Ann Arbor. Saut St. Marie; Emmet Co., Comman; Northport, common; S. W. (Wright). Daisy Fleabane. Erigeron strigosum, Muhl. Ann Arbor; S. shore of Sag. Bay, 21 June; Solidago serotina, Ait. Drummond’s I., 9 Aug. S. Mich. (Wright). Golden-rod. Solidago bicolor, L. Solidago lanceolata. L. Gros Cap, L. Mich., 18 Aug, Rare. Drummond’s I., 25 July; Pine Lake, 30 Aug.; S. W. (Wright). var. concolor. Pt. au Chene, L. Mich.; Drummond’s I., First Biennial Report of the Progress of the Geological Survey of Michigan - Botany – Page 13 of 39 Elecampane. Inula Helenium, L. Sunflower. Helianthus hirsutus. Raf. S. Michigan, (Wright). Ann Arbor, 26 Sept.; S. W. (Univ. Herb). Leaf-cup. Polymnia Canadensis, L. Sunflower. Helianthus strumosus, L. S. Mich. (Wright). S. Mich. (Wright). Yellow Leaf-cup. Polymnia Uvedalia, L. Sunflower. Helianthus tracheliifolius, Wild. S. Mich., (Wright). S. Mich. (Wright). Rosin-weed, Silphium laciniatum, L. (S. Sunflower. Helianthus decapetalus, L. (H. Compass- gummiferum—W.) frondosus—W.) plant. S. Mich., (Wright). S. Michigan, (Wright). Prairie-dock. Silphium terebinthinaceum, L. Sunflower. Helianthus doronicoides, Lam. Ann Arbor; S. W. (Wright). Ann Arbor, (Miss Clark). Silphium integrifolium, Mich.. Actinomeris. Actinomeris squarrosa, Nutt. S. W. (Univ. Herb). S. Mich. (Wright). Cup-plant. Silphium perforatum, L. Tickseed Coreopsis trichosperma, Michx. S. Mich. (Wright). Sunflower. S. Mich. (Wright). Great Ragweed. Ambrosia trifida, L. Coreopsis aristosa, Michx. S. Mich. (Wright); Gross Isle, 3 Aug. (Miss S. Michigan, (Univ. Herb). Clark.) Tall coreopsis. Coreopsis tripteris, L. Roman Ambrosia artemisiæfolia, L. (A. S. Mich. (Wright). Wormwood, elatior.—W.) Hogweed, Ann Arbor; very common. Coreopsis palmata, Nutt. Bitter-weed. S. Mich. (Wright). Cocklebur. Xanthium strumarium, L. Coreopsis lanceolata, L. Clotbur. S. Mich. (Wright). L. Huron, 29 June; Dummond’s I.; Traverse City. var. echinatum. S. Mich. (Univ. Herb). Common Beggar- Bidens frondosa, L. ticks. Ann Arbor; Northport, 11 Sept. Ox-eye. Heliopsis lævis, Pers. Ann Arbor; S. W. (Wright). Swamp Beggar- Bidens connata, Muhl. (B petiolata— ticks. var. scabra. W.) S. Mich. (Wright). Ann Arbor, (Miss Clark). Bur-Marigold. Purple Cone- Echinacea purpurea, Mœnch. Bidens cernua, L. S. Mich. (Wright). flower. (Rudbeckia purparea—W.) S. W. (Univ. Herb). Bur-Marigold. Bidens-chrysanthemoides, Michx. Ann Arbor; Traverse City. Cone-flower. Rudbeckia laciniata, L. Bear Creek, Emmet Co., 24 Aug.; S. W. Water Marigold. Bidens Beckii, Torr. (Wright) Northfield, (Miss Clark). S. Mich. (Wright). Cone-flower. Rudbeckia speciosa, Wender. Sneeze-weed. Helenium autumnale, L. Ann Arbor. Ann Arbor. Cone-flower. Rudbeckia fulgida, Ait. Common Maruta Cotula, DC. Ann Arbor, (Miss Clark). Mayweed. Ann Arbor; Saut St. Marie; Emmet Co.; Northport. Very common everywhere. Cone-flower. Rudbeckia hirta, L. Ann Arbor; Pt. au Chapeau, Saginaw Bay, 18 Yarrow, Milfoil. Achillea Millefolium, L. June; Drummond’s I Ann Arbor; Stone I., Saginaw Bay; Drummond’s I.; Saut St. Marie. Common. Lepachys pinnata, Torr & Gr. (Rudbeckia pinnata.—W.) Ox-eye Daisy. Leucanthemum vulgare, Lam. S. Mich. (Wright). Sand Pt., Saginaw Bay, 18 June; Bois Blanc I. Sunflower. Helianthus rigidus Desf. Cammon Tansy. Tanacetum vulgare, L. Ann Arbor, 6 ft. in height. Ann Arbor. Sunflower. Helianthus occidentalis, Riddell. Tanacetum Huronense, Nutt. S. W. (Univ. Herb.) Sand dunes of Emmet Co., common. Sunflower. Helianthus giganteus, L. (H. giganteus Canada Artemisia Canadensis, Michx. and altis-simus—W.) Wormwood. Sand dunes of Ottawa Co., 30 Aug.; Sand Ann Arbor. dunes of Emmet Co., 25 Aug.; Drummond’s I. Sunflower. Helianthus divaricatus, L. Ann Arbor. First Biennial Report of the Progress of the Geological Survey of Michigan - Botany – Page 14 of 39 Western Mugwort. Artemisia Ludoviciana, Nutt. Pasture Thistle. Cirsium pumilum, Spreng. (Cnicus var. gnaphalodes. odoratus—W.) (Univ. Herb). Drummond’s I.? 21 July S. W; (Wright). Everlasting. Gnaphalium decurrens, Ives. Canada Thistle. Cirsium arvense, Scop. Saut St. Marie, (Whitney). Detroit, abundant; Ann Arbor, (Miss Clark). Common Gnaphalium polycephalum, Michx. Burdock. Lappa major, Gærtn. (Arctium Lappa— Everlasting. Ann Arbor. W.) Low-Cudweed. Ann Arbor; Huron Co.; S. W. (Wright); Gnaphalium uliginosum, L. Mackinac. Ann Arbor; Ft. Gratiot, (Miss Clark). Succory, Chicory. Pearly Cichorium Intybus, L. Antennaria margaritacea, R. Rr. Detroit, (Miss Clark). Everlasting. Mackinac, 19 July. Dwarf Dandelion. Krigia Virginica, Willd. Plantain-leaved Antennaria plantaginifolia, Hook. Everlasting. Psagnin, Bay Co., 26 June, rich, swampy soil; (Gnaphalium plantagineum—W.) “Rockaway,” Miss Clark). Ann Arbor; Stone I., Saginaw B. Cynthia. Cynthia Virginica, Don. (Krigia Fireweed. Erechthites hieracifolia, Raf. Senecio amplexicaulis—W.) hieracifolius—W.) Ann Arbor, common; Ft. Gratiot; Ft. aux Gres, Leelanaw Co., 10 Sept.; S Mich. (Wright). L. Huron. Common, especially incite vicinity of recent clearings after the ground has been burned Canada Hieracium Canadense, Michx. (H. over, whence it receives its popular name. Hawkweed. Kalmii—W.) Pale Indian Saut St. Marie, 30 July; Sand dunes of Emmet Cacalia atriplicifolia, L. Co., 21 Aug. Plantain. S. Mich. (Wright). Rough Hieracium scabrum, Mich. (H, Tuberous Indian Cacalia tuberosa, Mutt. Hawkweed. Plantain. S. Mich. (Wright). rnarianum—W.) Ann Arbor; Sand dunes of Emmet Co., 21 Cacalia suaveolens, L. Aug.; S. Mich. (Wright); Port Huron, (Miss Lodi, (Miss Clark). Clark). Common Senecio vulgaris, L. Long-bearded Hieracium longipilum, Torr. (H. Hawkweed. Groundsel. S. W. (Wright). Scouleri—W.) Traverse City, 9 Sept.; S. W. (Wright). Golden Ragwort Senecio aureus, L. Squaw-weed. The Cove, L. Huron, 1 July; S. Mich. (Univ. Hairy Hawkweed. Hieracium Gronovii, L. Herb). S. W. (Wright). var. obovatus. Rattlesnake-weed. Hieracium venosum, L. Ann Arbor. Ann Arbor; Ft. Gratiot; Pigeon River, Sag. B., 18 June; Grand Traverse Bay. var. Balsamitae. (Senecio Balsamitae—W.) Panicled Hieracium paniculatum, L. Hawkweed. Middle I., L. Huron, 1 July; Drummond’s I., S. Mich. (Wright). common; S. Michigan, (Wright). Throughout White Lettuce. the northern shores of Lakes Huron and Mich., Nabalus albus, Hook. this variety is very common. Ann Arbor; Pt. au Chene, L. Mich., 18 Aug. Common Thistle. Cirsium lanceolatum, Scop. (Cnicus var. Serpentaria, (Prenanthes lanceolatus—W.) Serpentaria—W.) Ann Arbor, common; Mackinac. Ann Arbor; S. W. (Wright). Cirsium Pitcheri, Torr. & G. (Cnicus Tall White Lettuce. Nabalus altissimus, Hook. Pitcheri—W.) Ann Arbor. Sand Ft. Saginaw B., 17 June; Emmet Co. Nabalus racemosus, Hook. Sandy shores. (Prenanthes racemosa—W.) Cirsium undulatum, Spreng. Shore of L. Mich., near Sitting Rabbit; S. W. Drummond’s I.; 21 July. (Wright). Cirsium discolor, Spreng. (Cnicus Dandelion. Taraxacum Dens-leonis, Desf. discolor.—W.) (Leontodon Taraxacum.—W.) S. Mich. (Wright). Ann Arbor; Saginaw Bay; Saut St. Marie; S. W. (Wright). Swamp Thistle. Cirsium muticum, Michx. (Cnicus Wild Lettuce. Lactuca elongata, Muhl. glutinosus—W.) S. W. (Wright). Bruce Mine, Ca., 26 July; Drummond’s I.; Emmet Co.; S. Michigan (Wright). var. sanguinea, Bigl. (L. sanguinea— W.) S. W. (Wright). First Biennial Report of the Progress of the Geological Survey of Michigan - Botany – Page 15 of 39 False Blue Mulgedium leucophaeum, DC. Low Blueberry. Vaccinum vacillans, Solander. Lettuce. Ft. Gratiot; St. Joseph’s I., common along St. St. Joseph’s I.; common in Emmet, Antrim, Mary’s River. Grand Traverse. and Leelanaw counties. S. Mich. (Univ. Herb). Spiny-leaved Sonchus asper, Vill. (S. oleraceus, Sow-Thistle. var. asper—W.) Common Swamp Vacciniurn corymbosum, L. Blueberry. S. E. (Wright). Ann Arbor, (Miss Clark). LOBELIACEÆ. Creeping Chiogenes hispidula, Torr. & Gr. Snowberry. (Gaultheria hispidula—W.) Cardinal Flower. Lobelia cardinalis, L. S. Mich., (Wright). Ann Arbor; Bear Creek, Emmet Co., 24 Aug. Bearberry. Arctostaphylos Uva-ursi, Spreng. Great Lobelia. Lobelia syphilitica, L. (Arbutus Uva-ursi—W.) Ann Arbor; Branch Lake, Antrim Co., 30 Aug. Shores of L. Huron everywhere, very common: Lobelia spicata, Lam. (L. Claytoniana— S. Mich. (Wright). W.) Trailing Arbutus, Epigæa repens, L. Ann Arbor; Ft. Gratiot; mouth of Saginaw R., Ground S. E. (Wright). 24 June; Thunder Bay; Drummond’s I. Laurel. Lobelia Kalmii, L. Aromatic Gaultheria procumbens, L. Ann Arbor; Ft. Gratiot; Drummond’s I., 25 July; Wintergreen. Monroe Co.; Ottawa Co.; shores of L. Huron, S. W. (Wright). very common; shore of L. Mich., Emmet, to Leelanaw Co., common; S. W. (Wright); Mont CAMPANULACEÆ. Lake, (Miss Clark). Harebell. Campanula rotundifolia, L. Leather-leaf. Cassandra calyculata, Don. Ann Arbor. Ft. Gratiot. (Andromeda calyculata—W.) Livingston Co.; Shore of L. Mich., Emmet Co.; var. linifolia. Drummond’s I.; S. Mich. (Wright). Ann Arbor; S. shore of Saginaw Bay, common. This is a very delicate and pretty species, Wild Rosemary. Andromeda polifolia, L. occurring constantly and in every variety of S. Mich. (Wright); Ann Arbor,.(Miss Clark). A situation. At Saginaw Bay it was in bloom in shrub not distinguishable from this was seen at the middle of June, and was still abundantly in the mouth of Saginaw R., June 14, with corolla blossom Aug. 10th, at Grand Traverse Bay. dark purple, awn wanting, pedicels dark brown 1¼ in. long from bracts. Marsh Bellflower. Campanula aparinoides, Pursh. (C erinoides—W.) Sheep Laurel, Kalmia angustifolia, L. St. Mary’s River, 31 July; S. Mich. (Wright). Lambkill. Tawas City, 29 June, exquisitely beautiful and very abundant; Thunder Bay, common. Tall Bellflower. Campanula Americana, L. Ann Arbor. Swamp Laurel. Kalmia glauca, Ait. S. Mich. (Wright). Venus’s Looking- Specularia perfoliata, A. DC. glass. S.E. (Univ. Herb). Labrador Tea. Ledum latifolium, Ait. Gros Cap., L. Mich. ERICACEÆ Round-leaved Pyrola rotundifolia, L. Blue Tangle, Gaylussacia frondosa, Torr. & Gr. Pyrola. Ft. Gratiot; Pt. au Pain Sucre, 19 June; St. Dangleberry. Ann Arbor. Joseph’s I., Little St. Martin’s I.; Drummond’s I., common; S. Mich. (Wright). Black Gaylussacia resinosa, Torr. & Gr. Huckleberry. (Vaccinium resinosum—W) var. asarifolia. Ann Arbor; Grand Traverse Co. The Cove, L. Huron, 1 July. Small Cranberry. Vaccinium Oxycoccus, L. Shin-leaf. Pyrola elliptica, Nutt. Ann Arbor. Ann Arbor; The Cove, L. Huron; Drummond’s I.; St. Joseph I.; Grand Traverse Co. Common Vaccinium macrocarpon, Ait. Small Pyrola. American (Oxycoccus macrocarpus—W.) Pyrola chlorantha, Swartz. Cranberry. Ft. Gratiot. Ann Arbor; S. W. (Wright). One-sided Pyrola. Dwarf Blueberry Vaccinium Pennsylvanicum, Lam. Pyrola secunda, L. Ft. Gratiot; the Cove, L. Huron ; St. Joseph’s I.; Ann Arbor; St. Joseph’s I., northern part. Drummond’s I.; S. W. (Wright). Abundant along the Canada Shore of St. Mary’s R., producing abundance of fruit in the One-flowered Moneses uniflora, Gray. sparse soil of the hollows and crevices of Pyrola. Ft. Gratiot; Little St. Martin’s I., 17 July, sweet metamorphic rocks; S. Mich, (Wright). scented. Canada Vaccinium Canadense, Kalm. Princes Pine, Chimaphila umbellata, Nutt. (Pyrola Blueberry. Sitting rabbit; S. E. (wright). Pipsissewa. umbellate—W.) Ft. Gratiot; L. Huron, Alcona Co.; L. Sup.; S. Mich. (Wright).

First Biennial Report of the Progress of the Geological Survey of Michigan - Botany – Page 16 of 39 Pine drops. Pterospora Andromedea, Nutt. Greater Utricularia vulgaris, L. (U. Sitting Rabbit, 17 Aug. Bladderwort. macrorhiza—W.) Indian Pipe, S. Mich. (Wright); Cape Ipperwash, C, W. Monotropa uniflora, L. (Austin). Corpse-Plant. Ann Arbor; Ft. Gratiot; Sitting rabbit. Smaller Pine Sap, False Utricularia minor, L. (U. qibba—W.) Monotropa Hypopitys, L. Bladderwort. Ann Arbor. Beech Drops. Ft, Gratiot, (Austin). Utricularia intermedia, Hayne. AQUIFOLIACEÆ. Ann Arbor. Black Alder, Ilex verticillata, Gray. (Prinos Purple Winterberry. Utricularia purpurea, Walt. verticillatus—W.) bladderwort. S. Mich. (Wright). S. W. (Wright); Ann Arbor, (Miss Clark). Horned Bladder. Utricularia cornuta, Michx. Mountain Holly. Nemopanthes Canadensis, DC. Pt. au Chene, L. Mich., 18 Aug.; S. Mich. S. Mich. (Wright). (Univ. Herb). PLANTAGINACEÆ. OROBANCHACEÆ. Common Plantain. Plantago major, L. Squaw root, Conopholis Americana, Wallroth. Ann Arbor; Saut Ste Marie; Mackinac. Cancer-root. (Orobanche Americana—W.). Plantago cordata, Lam. Ann Arbor; Ft. Gratiot; S. W. (Wright). Tuscola Co.; S. Mich. (Wright). One-flowered Aphyllon uniflorum, Torr. & Gr. Cancer-root. Ribgrass, Ripple- Plantago lanceolata, L. (Orobanche uniflora—W.) grass, English Ann Arbor. S. E. (Wright). Plantain. SCROPHULARIACEÆ. PRIMULACEÆ. Common Mullein. Verbascum Thapsus, L. Bird’s eye Primula farinosa, L. False Presqu’ Isle, L. Huron, 11 July; Grass Primrose. Drmmond’s I. Lake; Ann Arbor, common; Ft. Gratiot. Primula Mistassinica, Michx. Moth Mullein. Verbascum Blattaria, L. S. E. (Univ. Herb). S. Mich. (Wright). Chick- Trientalis Americana, Pursh. Wild Toad-Flax. Linaria Canadensis, Spreng. Wintergreen. Ft. Gratiot; Pt. aux Barques, Sag. B., 21 June; S. shore Saginaw B., 17 June. St. Joseph’s I.; Ann Arbor, (Miss Clark). Toad-Flax, Butter- Linaria vulgaris, Mill. Loosestrife. Lysimachia stricta. Ait. and-eggs, Ann Arbor. Ft. Gratiot; Saut St. Marie, 28 July; S. Mich. Ramsted. (Wright). Figwort. Scrophularia nodosa, L. (S. Lysimachia quadrifolia, L. Marilandica and lanceolata—W.) Ann Arbor. Ann Arbor; S. W. (Wright). Lysimachia ciliata, L. Collinsia. Collinsia verna, Nutt. Ann Arbor; Ft. Gratiot. Ann Arbor; S. W. (Wright); N. E. (Univ. Herb). Lysimachia lanceolata, Walt. Turtle-head, Chelone glabra, L. var. hybrida. (L. hybrida—W.) Snake-head. Ann Arbor; “Nebis” R., La Croix, Emmet. Co.; S. W. (Wright). S. W. (Wright). Its leaves vary from ½ in. to 1½ inches in diameter. Lysimachia longifolia, Pursh. (L. Beard-tongue, Pentstemon pubescens, Solander. revoluta—W.) Penstemon. Ann Arbor, common. Ann Arbor; Ft. Gratiot. Monkey-Flower. Mimulus ringens, L. Tufted Loosestrife. Naumburgia thyrsiflora, Reich. (L. Ann Arbor; S. W. (Wright). Capitata—W.) Ann Arbor; Drummond’s I., common in Monkey-Flower. Mimulus alatus, Ait. swampy soil; Sturgeon Pt., 30 June. S. W. (Wright). Common Anagallis arvensis, L. Monkey-Flower. Mimulus Jamesii, Torr. Pimpernel. Ann Arbor, (Miss Clark). Mackinac, 17 July, abundant near the cool spring at the base of “Robinson’s Folly;” St. Water Pimpernel, Samolus Valerandi L. Helena I., Straits of Mackinac, 20 Aug., Brookweed. Lodi, (Miss Clark). abundant in wet, rich, low marshes. The plant is not always “smooth,” being sometimes var. Americanus. pubescent on the calyx, peduncles and lower N. W. (Univ. Herb.) side of the leaves. Both at Mackinac and St. Helena I. it was in company with Veronica LENTIBULACEÆ. Americana, Schweinitz.

First Biennial Report of the Progress of the Geological Survey of Michigan - Botany – Page 17 of 39 Hedge Hyssop. Gratiola Virginiana, L. Lousewort, Wood Pedicularis Canadensis, L. Betony. S. Mich. (Univ. Herb). Ann Arbor, common; False Presqu’ Isle, L.Huron; Sugar I.; S. W. (Wright). False Pimpernel. Hysanthes gratioloides, Benth. Pedicularis lanceolata, Michx (P. (Lindernia attenuata and dilatata— pallida—W.) W.) Ann Arbar; S. W. (Wright). S. Mich. (Wright); Port Huron, (Miss Clark). Cow-wheat. Synthyris. Melampyrum Americanum, Michx. Synthyris Houghtoniana, Benth. Ft. Gratiot; False Presqu’ Isle, L. Huron, 11 High prairies and hills, S. Mich. (Wright). July; Drummond’s I., very common; L. Sup.; American Brook- Veronica Americana, Schweinitz. (V. Mont Lake, (Miss Clark). lime. Beccabunga—W.) ACANTHACEÆ. Ann Arbor; the Cove, L. Huron, 16 July; Mackinac. Common. Water Willow. Dianthera Americana, L. Ann Arbor. Culver’s-root, Veronica Virginica, L. Culver’s Ann Arbor. Dipteracanthus ciliosus, Nees. Physic. S. Mich. (Wright). Water Speedwell. Veronica Anagallis, L. Dipteracanthus strepens, Nees. Ann Arbor; S. W. (Wright). (Ruellia strepens-—W.) Marsh Speedwell. Veronica scutellata, L. S. Mich. (Wright). Ann Arbor; Ft. Gratiot. VERBENACEÆ. Common Veronica officinalis, L. Vervain. Speedwell. Ann Arbor. Verbena angustifolia, Michx. S. Mich. (Univ. Herb). Alpine Speedwell. Veronica alpina, L. Blue Vervain. Saut St. Marie, 28 May. Verbena hastata, L. Bay City, 12 June; Bruce Mine, Ca., 25 July; Thyme-leaved Veronica serpyllifolia, L. Mackinac; Ann Arbor. Speedwell, Ann Arbor; Bruce Mine, Ca., 28 July. Paul’s Betony. Nettle-leaved or Verbena urticifolia, L. White Vervain. Ann Arbor. Neckweed, Veronica peregrina,. L. Purslane Ann Arbor, common. Lopseed. Phryma Leptostachya, L. Speedwell. Pt. au Chene, 18 Aug.; S. Mich. (Wright). Corn Speedwell. Veronica arvensis, L. LABIATÆ. Ann Arbor, common. Germander, Wood Teucrium Canadense, L. Blue-hearts. Buchnera Americana, L. Sage. Ann Arbor; S. W. (Wright). S. W. (Wright); Mont Lake (Miss Clark). Peppermint. Mentha Piperita, L. Purple Gerardia. Gerardia purpurea, L. Ann Arbor; S. W. (Wright). S. Mich. (Wright); Mackinac, (Whitney). Wild Mint. Mentha Canadensis, L. (M. borealis— Gerardia aspera, Dougl. W.) Sitting rabbit, 17 Aug., common; Pt. au Chene, Ann Arbor; Bruce Mine, Ca., 26 July; L. Mich., abundant in sandy marshes. Drummond’s I.; Sugar I. Common about the Slender Gerardia. Gerardia tenuifolia, Vahl. shores of L. Huron. Ann Arbor. Bugleweed. Lycopus Virginicus, L. Downy False- Gerardia flava, L. partly. Ann Arbor; Bruce Mine, Ca., 25 July; Pte Ste Foxglove. Ignace, common, corolla has five almost equal S. Mich. (Wright). lobes, probably owing to the large upper lobe Smooth False- Gerardia quercifolia, Pursh, (G. being 2-cleft, and often a small additional calyx tooth between the bases of the regular ones. Foxglove. glauca—W.) S. W. (Wright); Mont Lake, Livingston Co., Water Horehound. Lycopus Europæus, L. (Miss Clark). S. Mich. (Wright). Gerardia pedicularia L. var. sinuatus. Traverse City, 9 Sept.; Ann Arbor. Drummond’s I., 22 July. Gerardia auriculata, Michx. Hyssop. Hyssopus officinalis, L. S. W. (Wright). S. W. (Univ. Herb). Scarlet Painted- Castilleia coccinea, Spreng. Mountain Mint, Pycnanthemum lanceolatum, Pursh. cup. (Euchroma coccinea—W.) Basil. (P. Virginicum Ann Arbor, common; Ft. Gratiot- Mouth S. Mich. (Wright). Saginaw R, a variety with yellow bracts instead of scarlet, 13 June; Mackinac; Drummond’s I; Saut St. Marie.

First Biennial Report of the Progress of the Geological Survey of Michigan - Botany – Page 18 of 39 Mountain Mint, Pycnanthemum linifolium, Pursh. Skullcap. Scutellaria versicolor, Nutt. (S. Basil. Ann Arbor, moist woods and exsiccated cordifolia—W.) swamps. S. Mich. (Wright). Calaminth. Calamintha glabella, Benth. var. Scutellaria pilosa, Michx. Nuttallii. S. W. (Univ. Herb). Drummond’s I., 22 July, in crevices of limestone rocks, very common. This plant has Scutellaria integrifolia, L. a strong savor like the American Pennyroyal, S. Mich. (Univ. Herb). for which it is often mistaken, especially by the settlers throughout the northern lake shores Scutellaria parvula, Michx. (S. where the true American Pennyroyal has not, ambigua—W.) as yet, been found; S. E. (Wright). S. Mich. (Wright). Basil. Calamintha Clinopodium, Benth. Scutellaria galericulata, L. Ft. Gratiot. Ann Arbor; Bay Co., common, 27 June; Port Huron, (Miss Clark). American Hedeoma pulegioides, Pers. Pennyroyal, S. Mich. (Wright). Mad-dog Skullcap. Scutellaria lateriflora, L. Sulphur I., (north of Drummond’s,) 8 Aug., Hedeoma hispida, Pursh. (?) common; Ann Arbor. Middle I., L. Huron, 9 July. Horehound. Marrubium vulgare, L. Horse Balm, Rich- Collinsonia Canadensis, L. S. Mich. (Univ. Herb). weed, Stone- Ann Arbor; S. W. (Wright); Elmwood, Detroit, Root. (Miss Clark). Hemp-nettle. Galeopsis Tetrahit, L. Mackinac, 19 July, common; Sugar I, very Oswego Tea, Bee Monarda didyma, L. abundant, but it was noticed that the upper lip Balm. Ft. Gratiot, (Austin). of the corolla is not entire but almost always with three or four teeth at its apex; and that the Wild Bergamot. Monarda fistulosa, L. (M. allophylla— three lobes of the lower lip are similar, the W.) middle one a little larger,—all oval; S. E. Ann Arbor; Emmet Co., 22 Aug., common in (Wright). sandy soil; S. Mich. (Wright). Red Hemp-nettle. Galeopsis Ladanum, L Horse-mint. Monarda punctata, L. Ft. Gratiot; Saut St. Marie. S. Mich. (Wright). Hedge-nettle. Stachys palustris, L. var. aspera, (S. Blephilia. Blephilia ciliata, Raf. aspera—W.) Alpena Co. (?) 6 July, having four perfect S. W. (Wright); Ann Arbor, (Miss Clark). stamens and two strongly awned teeth on the lower lip of the calyx; Ann Arbor; Saut St. Stachys hyssopifolia, Michx, Marie. S. Mich. (Wright). Blephilia hirsuta, Benth. Motherwort. Leonurus Cardiaca, L. S. Mich. (Wright). Pine Lake, Emmet Co., 29 Aug.; Ann Arbor. Giant Hyssop. Lophanthus nepetoides, Benth. BORRAGINACEÆ. (Hyssopus nepetoides—W.) Common S. W. (Wright); Crosse Isle, (Miss Clark). Symphytum officinale, L Comfrey. Ann Arbor; Port Austin, Huron Co. Lophanthus scrophulariæfolius, Benth. Corn Gromwell. (Hyssopus scrophulariæfolius—W.) Lithospermum arvense, L. Ann Arbor. S. Mich. (Wright). Common Cat-mint, Catnip. Nepeta Cataria, L. Lithospermum officinale, L. Gromwell. Mackinac, 16 July; S. Mich. (Wright). Ann Arbor; Drummond’s I, 9 Aug. False Dragon Physostegia Virginiana, Benth. Lithospermum latifolium, Michx. S. Mich. (Univ. Herb). Head. (Dracocephalum. Virginianum—W.) Ann Arbor; S. W. (Wright). Hairy Puccoon. Lithospermum hirtum, Lehm. Sand Pt., Saginaw B., 17 June, abundant; Heal-all, Self-heal. Brunella vulgaris, L. (Prunella Monroe Co., (Miss Clark); Ft. Gratiot. vulgaris—W.) Ann Arbor, common; Alpena, 6 July; Hoary Puccoon. Lithospermum canescens, Lehm. Drummond’s I., a variety with white corolla; (Batschia canescens—W.) Saut St. Marie. Ann Arbor, common. Early Forget-me- Myosotis verna, Nutt. not. Ann Arbor, (Dr. Lord). Stick-seed. Echinospermum Lappula, Lehm. Ann Arbor; Mackinac, 18 July.

First Biennial Report of the Progress of the Geological Survey of Michigan - Botany – Page 19 of 39 Hound’s tongue. Cynoglossum officinale, L. Ground Cherry. Physalis viscosa, L. Ann Arbor; Ft. Gratiot. Ann Arbor; Drummond’s I., 23 July. Wild Comfrey. Cynoglossum Virginicum, L. (C. Apple of Peru. Nicandra physaloides, Gaertn. amplexicaule—W.) Ann Arbor. Ft. Gratiot; Presqu’ Isle, L. Huron; S. Mich. Black Henbane. (Wright). Hyoscyamus niger, L. Ft. Gratiot; Mackinac, 19 July, abundant. Beggar’s Lice. Cynoglossum Merrisoni, DC. Stramonium. Ann Arbor. Datura Stramonium, L. (D. Tatula—W.) Ann Arbor. HYDROPHYLLACEÆ. Wild Tobacco. Nicotiana rustica, L. Waterleaf. Hydrophyllum Virginicum, L. Emmet Co., 25 Aug., cultivated by the Indians. Ann Arbor. GENTIANACEÆ. Hydrophyllum Canadense, L. American S. Mich. (Wright). Sabbatia angularis, Pursh. Centaury. S. Mich. (Wright). Hairy Waterleaf. Hydrophyllum appendiculatum, Michx. American Ann Arbor; S. W. (Wright). Erasera Carolinensis, Walt. Columbo. Jackson Co. and westward; Ann Arbor, (Miss POLEMONIACEÆ. Clark). Wild Sweet Phlox maculata, L. Spurred Gentian. Halenia deflexa, Griseb. William. Rich woods and riverbanks, (Gray). Middle I., L. Huron, 9 July; Drummond’s I; St. Helena I., common. S. E. (Univ. Herb). Carolina Phlox. Phlox Carolina, L. Five-flowered S. Mich. (Univ. Herb). Gentiana quinqueflora, L. Gentian. Ann Arbor. Hairy Phlox. Phlox pilosa, L. Ann Arbor. var. occidentalis. Ann Arbor. Divaricate Phlox. Phlox divaricata, L. Fringed Gentian. Ann Arbor. Gentiana crinita, Froel. Ann Arbor; Mackinac, (Whitney). Ground or Moss Phlox subulata, L. Smaller Fringed Pink. S. Mich. (Univ. Herb). Gentiana detonsa, Fries. Gentian. Ann Arbor; Drummond’s I., 13 Aug.; Pt. au CONVOLVULACEÆ. Chene, L. Mich. Wild Potato-vine, Ipomœa pandurata, Meyer. Straw Colored Gentiana ochroleuca, Froel. Man-of-the- Ann Arbor. Gentian. Mont Lake, (Miss Clark). earth. Whitish Gentian. Gentiana alba, Muhl. Bindweed. Convolvulus arvensis, L. Ann Arbor; S. W. (Univ. Herb). Ann Arbor. Closed Gentian. Gentiana Andrewsii, Griseb. Hedge Bindweed. Calystegia sepium, R. Br. S. Mich. (Univ. Herb). Ft. Gratiot; S. W. (Wright); Gross Isle, (Miss Clark). Soapwort Gentian. Gentiana Saponaria, L. S. Mich. (Wright). var. repens. S. shore of Saginaw B., 14 June. var. linearis. Pt. au Chene, L. Mich., 19 Aug., sandy Low Bindweed. Calystegia spithamæa, Pursh. swamps. Stone I., Saginaw Bay, 16 June; S. E. (Wright). Gentiana puberula, Michx. Dodder. Cuscuta Gronovii, Willd. (C. Ann Arbor, (Miss Clark). Americana—W.) Screw-stem. S. W. (Wright). Bartonia tenella, Muhl. (Centaurella paniculata—W.) Cuscuta glomerata, Choisy. S. W. (Wright). Moist prairies, (Gray). Buckbean. Menyanthes trifoliata, L. SOLANACEÆ. Ann Arbor; S. Mich. (Wright). Bittersweet Solanum Dulcamara, L. APOCYNACEÆ. Ann Arbor; Pine Lake, 29 Aug. Spreading Apocynum androsæmifolium, L. Common Solanum nigrum, L. Dogbane. Ann Arbor; The Cove, L. Huron, 1 July; St. Nightshade. Ann Arbor; Sugar I, 31 July; S. Mich. (Wright). Joseph’s I. Ground Cherry. Physalis pubescens, L. (P. obscura— W.) Ann Arbor.

First Biennial Report of the Progress of the Geological Survey of Michigan - Botany – Page 20 of 39 Indian Hemp. Apocynum cannabinum, L. var. Blue Ash. Fraxinus quadrangulata, Michx. glaberrimum. S. Mich. (Univ. Herb). The wood of the Ash is Ann Arbor; Ft. Gratiot. highly esteemed for its-strength and suppleness, especially the first and last var. pubescens, DC. species above. The White Ash is most Ft. Gratiot; Charity I., 27 June. common and most extensively used, its annual growths being least liable to separate into var. hypericifolium. (A. layers. It is much preferable for oars, being hypericifolium—W.) light as well as tough when seasoned. It is S. Mich. (Wright). also extensively used by fishermen for hoops and staves, but for this the Black Ash is always ASCLEPIADACEÆ. preferred from the greater ease with which its layers are separated. Milkweed, Asclepias Cornuti, Decaisne. (A. The Black Ash is a smaller tree, and is Silkweed. Syriaca—W.) generally found in the vicinity of swamps or Ann Arbor; Charity Is., 27 June; Sand dunes, along streams. The value of its timber is Emmet Co. increased by the rapidity of its growth. It is tougher and more elastic than the White Ash, Poke Milkweed. Asclepias phytolaccoides, Pursh. but less durable upon exposure to the Ann Arbor, very short pedicels except the vicissitudes of moisture and dryness. North of terminal one; Ft. Gratiot. the Straits of Mackinac this is the prevailing species. The Blue Ash is found only in the Purple Milkweed. Asclepias purpurascens, L. southern part of the State. Its timber is prized Ann Arbor. equally with that of the White Ash, for which it is substituted in many of its uses. The Red Variegated Asclepias variegata, L. Ash is a smaller tree and furnishes less Milkweed. Ann Arbor. valuable timber. Four-leaved Asclepias quadrifolia, Jacq. ARISTOLOCHIACEÆ. Milkweed. Ann Arbor. Wild Ginger. Asarum Canadense, L. Swamp Milkweed Asclepias incarnata. L. Ann Arbor. Ann Arbor; Ft. Gratiot; Grand Traverse Co.; S. W. (Wright). PHYTOLACCACEÆ. Butterfly-weed, Asclepias tuberosa, L. Poke, Scoke, Phytolacca decandra, L. Pleurisy-root. Ana Arbor; Ft. Gratiot. Garget, S. Mich. (Wright). Pigeon-berry. Whorled Asclepias verticillata, L. Milkweed. S. Mich. (Wright). CHENOPODIACEÆ. Green Milkweed. Acerates viridiflora. Ell. (Asclepias Maple-leaved Chenopodium hybridum, L. lanceolata—W.) Goosefoot. Ann Arbor; Drummond’s I.; Mackinac. Ft. Gratiot; S. W. Mich. (Wright). Lamb’s Quarters, Chenopodium album, L. OLEACEÆ. Pigweed. Ann Arbor; St. Joseph’s I. White Ash. Fraxinus Americana, L. (F. Jerusalem Oak, Chenopodium Botrys, L. Feather Ann Arbor, S. W. (Wright ) acuminata—W.) Geranium. Ann Arbor; Drummond’s I.; Emmet Co. Common in the Southern Peninsula, but Mexican Tea. Chenopodium ambrosioides, L. apparently less frequent northward. S. W. (Wright), Ann Arbor, (Miss Clark). Red Ash. Fraxinus pubescens, L. “Chenopodium rubrum, L.” Drummond’s I.; S. Mich. (Wright). S. Mich (Wright) [Probably a synonym of one Comparatively rare. of the preceding species.] Green Ash. Fraxinus viridis, Michx. f. Strawberry Blite Blitum Capitatum, L. Ann Arbor. Pt. aux Barques, L. Huron, 20 June, Drummond’s I.; Emmet Co. Common about Black Ash, Water Fraxinus sambucifolia, Lam. the shores of lakes Huron and Michigan. Ash. Ann Arbor; Sugar I., common; Pine Lake; S. W. (Wright). AMARANTACEÆ. Green Amaranth, Amarantus hybridus, L. Pigweed. Ann Arbor. Prince’s Feather. Amarantus hypochondriacus, L. Ann Arbor, (Miss Clark).

First Biennial Report of the Progress of the Geological Survey of Michigan - Botany – Page 21 of 39 Pigweed. Amarantus retroflexus, L. Buckwheat. Fagopyrum esculentum, Moench. Ann Arbor. (Polygonum Fagopyrum—W.) Amarantus albus, L. Ann Arbor. Ann Arbor, (Miss Clark). Swamp Dock. Rumex verticillatus, L. (R. Brittanica— Montelia tamariscina, Gray. W.) S. Mich. (Univ. Herb). Ann Arbor; Islands of Thunder Bay, 7 July; S. W. (Wright). Acnida cannabina, L. Tall Dock. S. Mich. (Wright). Rumex altissimus, Wood. Saut St. Marie, 29 July. POLYGONACEÆ. Willow Dock. Rumex salicifolius, Weinmann, Hook. Prince’s Feather. Polygonum orientale, L. Villa Cross, Emmet Co., 22 Aug. Ann Arbor. Great Water Dock. Rumex Hydrolapathum, Hudson, var. Water Persicaria. Polygonum amphibium, L. Americanum, Gray. Ft. Gratiot; Saginaw Bay, 16 June. Bruce Mine, Ca., 26 July; S. Mich. (Univ. Herb). var. aquaticum, L. Ann Arbor; St. Mary’s R. 1 Aug.; Mont Lake, Bitter Dock. Rumex obtusifolius, L. (Miss Clark). Saut St. Marie, 29 July; Ann Arbor, (Miss Clark). Polygonum nodosum, Pers. var. incarnatum. Curled Dock. Rumex crispus, L. Ann Arbor. Ann Arbor; Saut St. Marie, 29 July. Commonest species of dock. Polygonum Pennsylvanicum, L. Bloody-vined S. Mich. (Wright). Rumex sangiuneus, L. Dock. Ann Arbor, (Miss Clark). Lady’s Thumb. Polygonum Persicaria, L. Field or Horse Ann Arbor. Rumex Acetosella, L. Sorrel. Ann Arbor; Ft. Gratiot; Saginaw B.; Smartweed. Polygonum Hydropiper, L. Drummond’s I.; Mackinac. Common. Ann Arbor. LAURACEÆ. Wild Smartweed. Polygonum acre, H. B. K. (P. Sassafras. Sassafras officinale, Nees. (Laurus punctatum—W.) Ann Arbor; Mackinac, (Miss Clark). Sassafras—W.) Ann Arbor. Mild Water- Polygonum hydropiperoides, Michx. (P. Fever-bush, Benzoin odoriferum, Nees. (Laurus pepper. mile-—W.) Spice-bush, Benzoin—W.) S. Mich., (Wright). Benjamin- S. Mich. (Wright); Ann Arbor. bush, Wild Knotgrass, Polygonum aviculare, L. Allspice. Goosegrass, Ann Arbor; Bruce Mine, Ca., 26 July. Door-weed. THYMELEACEÆ. var. erectum, Roth. Ann Arbor. Leatherwood, Dirca palustris, L. Moose-wood. Ann Arbor. Slender Polygonum tenue, Michx. Knotgrass. S. Mich. (Wright). ELÆAGNACEÆ. Jointweed. Polygonum articulatum, L. Shepherdia. Shepherdia Canadensis, Nutt. Traverse City, 8 Sept., beginning to blossom, Ann Arbor; Drummond’s I., common about abundant. rocky shores. Polygonum Virginianum, L. SANTALACEÆ. Ann Arbor; S. W. (Wright). Bastard Toadflax. Comandra umbellata, Nutt. Halberd-leaved Polygonum arifolium, L, Ann Arbor; Ft. Gratiot; Sand Ft., Saginaw Bay, Tear-thumb. Gros Cap, L. Mich., 18 Aug.; S. Mich. (Wright). 18 June, common. C. livida occurs at Cove I., L. Huron. Arrow-leaved Polygonum sagittatum, L. Tear-thumb. Saut St. Marie 31 July; S; Mich, (Wright). SAURURACEÆ. Black Bindweed. Polygonum Convolvulus, L. Lizard’s Tail. Saururas cernuus, L. S. W. (Wright). S. Mich. (Wright). Polygonum cilinode, Michx. EUPHORBIACEÆ. Drummond’s I., common; Huron Co., 20 June; Saut St. Marie. Shore Spurge. Euphorbia polygonifolia, L. S. Mich. (Wright); Fort Gratiot. Climbing False Polygonum dumetorum, L. (P. Buckwheat. scandens—W.) Ann Arbor; Mackinac, (Miss Clark). First Biennial Report of the Progress of the Geological Survey of Michigan - Botany – Page 22 of 39 Spotted Spurge. Euphorbia maculata, L. Black Walnut. Juglans nigra, L. Ann Arbor; S. W. (Wright); Grosse Isle, (Miss Ann Arbor. Generally throughout the southern Clark); Ft. Gratiot. part of the Peninsula. Flowering Spurge. Euphorbia corollata, L. Shell-bark or Carya alba, Nutt. Ann Arbor. Shag-bark Ann Arbor, &c, common. Hickory. Euphorbia commutata, Englm. Thick Shell-bark Ann Arbor. Carya sulcata, Nutt. Hickory. Ann Arbor, &c., common. Three-seeded Acalypha Virginica, L. Small-fruited Mercury. Ann Arbor; S. Mich. (Wright). Carya microcarpa, Nutt. Hickory. Ann Arbor. URTICACEÆ. Pignut, Broom Carya glabra, Torr. Slippery or Red Ulmus fulva, Michx. Hickory. Ann Arbor, common. Elm. Ann Arbor; Emmet Co.; Branch Lake, Antrim Bitter-nut, Swamp Co. Less common than the next. Carya amara, Nutt. Hickory. Ann Arbor. This genus is abundantly American or White Ulmus Americana, L. represented in Southern Michigan. Elm. Ann Arbor; Drummond’s I.; Sugar I., large and common in the low lands of this island; Antrim CUPULIFERÆ. Co.; Saut St. Marie, several fine native Bur-Oak. specimens stand east of the town near the Quercus macrocarpa, Michx. river. Ann Arbor; S. W. (Wright). Common. Corky White Elm. Ulmus racemosa, Thomas. White Oak. Quercus alba, L. Ann Arbor, in a swamp about a mile south of Ann Arbor; Grand Traverse Bay. Common the City. throughout the southern peninsula. The Elm prefers low grounds and rich soils. It Swamp White Quercus Prinus, L. is especially flourishing at the head of Branch Oak. var. discolor, Michx. (Q. bicolor— Lake, Antrim Co., where the Red and the White Elm were found growing large and W.) promiscuously together, the latter, however, Ann Arbor. excelling in size. Yellow Chestnut Quercus Castanea, Willd. Sugarberry, Celtis occidentals, L. Oak. Ann Arbor. Hackberry. Grosse Isle, (Miss Clark). Chinquapin or Quercus prinoides, Willd. var. crassifolia, (C. crassifolia—W.) Dwarf Ann Arbor. ? Chestnut Oak. S. W. (Wright). Laurel or Shingle Tall wild Nettle. Urtica gracilis, Ait. Quercus imbricaria, Michx. Oak. Ann Arbor. Ann Arbor; Saut St. Marie, 29 July. Quercitron or Great Stinging Quercus tinctoria, Bartram. Urtica dioica, L. Black Oak, Nettle. Ann Arbor. Gros Cap, L. Mich., 18 Aug.; S. W. (Wright). Yellow-barked Oak. Wood Nettle. Laportea Canadensis, Gaudich. (Urtica Canadensis—W.) Scarlet Oak. Quercus coccinea, Wang. Ann Arbor; Pt. au Chene, L. Mich., 18 Aug.; Ann Arbor; Traverse City. Pine Lake; Lodi, (Miss Clark). Red Oak. Quercus rubra, L. Richweed, Pilea pumila, Gray. (Urtica pumila— Drummond’s I.; Sugar L, common; Emmet Co., Clearweed. W.) in the northern part of this county attains the S. W. (Wright); Ann Arbor, (Miss Clark). largest size seen, growing in sandy soil in the valleys of the sand dunes, and producing fruit Boehmeria cylindrica, Wiild. (Urtica in great abundance. One tree measured 8 feet capitata—W.) in circumference, 3 feet above the surface. The S. W. (Wright). lee side of these dunes is covered more or less with trees and shrubs of the general character Hemp. Cannabis sativa, L. of the flora of the region imbedded in the sand Ann Arbor; S. W. (Wright); Mackinac, (Miss sometimes half their height. Clark). Hop. Humulus Lupulus, L. Ann Arbor. Plane, Sycamore. Platanus occidentalis, L. Ann Arbor. JUGLANDACEÆ. Butternut. Juglans cinerea, L. Ann Arbor.

First Biennial Report of the Progress of the Geological Survey of Michigan - Botany – Page 23 of 39 Swamp Spanish, Quercus palustris, Du Roi. Yellow Birch. Betula excelsa, Ait. or Pin Oak. Ann Arbor. The oak family is abundantly Ann Arbor; Ft. aux Barques, L. Huron; Ft. au represented in the southern peninsula, forming Chene, L. Mich.; Emmet Co.; Drummond’s I. a great part of the forest timber. Still the Less common that the preceding, but often immediate shore of L. Huron from Bay county grows to a large tree. One specimen in Antrim to the Straits of Mackinac is apparently entirely Co. had a circumference of 11 ft. 4 in., four feet destitute of oaks. Thence northward along St. above the ground. Mary’s river Q. rubra is the only species, which is quits common but never attains a large size. Cherry Birch, Betula lenta, L. Southward this species is of rarer occurrence, Sweet or Drummond’s I., only seen at this place, but but is replaced by other and more valuable Black Birch. attains a monstrous size, one specimen species. At Traverse City Q. alba and Q. measuring 10 feet in circumference. This is a coccinea make their most northern appearance valuable tree, and it is unfortunate that so little as far as observed. There they are about is found in the State. equally frequent growing in a sandy soil, Low Birch. sometimes in patches surrounded by the pines Betula pumila, L. (B. glandulosa—W.) and more or less dispersed amongst them the S. E. (Wright). former forming a large and shapely trunk, the Speckled or Hoary latter being a smaller, but well proportioned Alnus incana, Willd. Alder. tree. South of this the species multiply both in Shores of L. Huron; Drummond’s I., common; numbers and frequency of occurrence. Saut St. Marie, and along the banks of St. Mary’s river, abundant. Chestnut. Castanea vesca, L. Smooth Alder. Monroe Co. Not common in the southern Alnus serrulata, Ait. peninsula. Traverse City; S. Mich. (Wright). African Beech. Fagus ferruginea, Ait. (F. sylvatica— SALICACEÆ. W) Hoary Willow. Salix candida, Willd. Ann Arbor; Mackinac, common, but so reduced Ann Arbor; Drummond’s I.; north shore (of in size as to be of little value; Drummond’s I.; Little L. George, very abundant, growing in the shore of L. Mich., from the Straits of Mackinac shallow margin of the lake. to Northport, the beech here forming a very large and valuable part of the forest growth. Low Bush Willow. Salix humilis, Marshall. Here were seen the largest and most perfect Drummond’s I. specimens. In the southern counties it is very common, and furnishes excellent fuel. Glaucous Willow. Salix discolor, Muhl. Ann Arbor; Drummond’s I.; Pine Lake, Emmet Wild Hazelnut. Corylus Americana, Walt. Co., abundant along the margin of the lake, Ann Arbor; Mackinac. occasionally reaching the size of a small tree. Beaked Hazelnut. One tree measured 6½ inches in diameter a Corylus rostrata, Ait. foot from the surface. St. Joseph’s I.; Drummond’s I. Silky-headed Hornbeam, Blue Salix eriocophala, Michx. Carpinus Americana, Michx. Willow. Ann Arbor; Drummond’s I. or Water Ann Arbor. Beech. Iron- Silky-leaved Salix sericea, Marshall. wood. Willow. Ann Arbor? Drummond’s I. Hop-Hornbeam, Ostrya Virginica, Willd. Petioled Willow. Salix petiolaris, Smith. Lever-wood, Ann Arbor; Drummond’s I.; Emmet Co., Saut St. Marie; S. E. (Univ. Herb). Iron-wood. common. Heart-leaved MYRICACEÆ. Salix cordata, Muhl, Willow. Grand Traverse Co. Bayberry, Wax- Myrica cerifera, L. Narrow-leaved Salix angustata, Pursh. Myrtle. S. Mich. (Univ. Herb.) Willow. Ann Arbor. Sweet fern. Cornptonia asplenifolia, Ait. Long-beaked Salix rostrata, Richardson. Alpena; Traverse City; Ottawa Co.; Oakland Willow. Ann Arbor; St. Joseph’s I.; S. E. (Univ. Herb). Co., (Miss Clark); (Wright). A common species. BETULACEÆ. Brittle Willow. Salix fragilis, L. Paper Birch, Betula papyracea, Ait. Ann Arbor. Canoe Birch. Gravelly Ft., L. Huron; False Presqu’ Isle, L. Black Willow. Salix nigra, Marshall. Huron; Drummond’s I.; Sugar I.; Emmet Co. Ann Arbor. This is a very common tree throughout the lake shores, growing in the most unfavorable Shining Willow. Salix lucida, Muhl. situations, but seldom forming a large trunk. It Drummond’s I.; S. E. (Univ. Herb). is apt to spring up as second growth where the forest has been destroyed by fire. There is a Long-leaved Salix longifolia, Muhl. variety (?) known as “red birch” by the Indians Willow. S. Mich. (Univ. Herb.) and Half-Breeds, with pale reddish bark much more brittle than the ordinary. Stalk-fruited Salix pedicellaris, Pursh. Willow. Drummond’s I.; S. E. (Univ. Herb).

First Biennial Report of the Progress of the Geological Survey of Michigan - Botany – Page 24 of 39 Weeping Willow, Salix Babylonica, L. White Pine. Pinus Strobus, L. American Cultivated in many places for ornament. Abundant in the valley of the Saginaw R and Aspen. Barely spontaneous. its branches; shore of L. Huron; Drummond’s I.; Sugar I., huge solitary specimens of the American Aspen. Populus tremuloides, Michx. species were seen overtopping the Ann Arbor; Sand Pt., Saginaw B.; Drummond’s surrounding forest, generally large but not I.; Sugar I., this and the next were growing abundant; Shore of L. Mich. to Traverse City; abundant, large and promiscuously together; Ottawa Co., &c. Antrim Co. This is one of the most common Of the Pines, the last is most valuable and trees about the lake shores, seldom attaining, most abundant. In the valley of the Saginaw however, a large size. It often springs up river, within 21 miles of its mouth there are fifty abundantly with Betula papyracea in exposed steam saw mills which are employed upon the situations where the forest growth has been logs of this species principally, and within the prostrated by fire or tempest. space of three miles there may be seen no Large-toothed, Populus grandidentata, Michx. less than 21 miles. These logs are “poled” down the river and its branches from the pine Aspen. Aim Arbor; Sand Pt., Saginaw Bay; Sugar I.; lands through which they flow. Also on the Antrim Co. This is a rarer but more valuable south shore of Saginaw B., and at Pigeon tree than the last. They are often found in River, Pinnebog, Port Austin and Willow River, company, but this was, never known to accept Huron Co., the lumber business is extensively an exposed or unfavorable situation for the carried on. Also northward, along the shore of sake of such company; while the former often L. Huron, wherever there are facilities for intrudes upon soil and situations chosen by the transporting the logs by means of the small latter. This often forms a large tree with a streams, mills have been erected for the naked, smooth and dingy-yellow trunk manufacture of lumber. Along the northern expanding its brawny and conspicuous limbs at shore, the “Norway Pine” becomes frequent. a height of 50 feet. At Elk Rapids and Traverse City, P. resinosa is Downy-leaved Populus heterophylla, L. more extensively sawed, which furnishes less Poplar. S. Mich. (Univ. Herb.) valuable lumber for general purposes, though very suitable for flooring. This is generally Cottonwood, Populus monilifera, Ait. (P. found in sandy soil on level tracts forming Necklace Canadensis—W.) “Pine plains,” the trees having tall, straight and Poplar. naked trunks, and presenting a beautiful Ann Arbor. orchard-like appearance. The shore of L. Balsam Poplar, Populus balsamifera, L. Michigan produces the white and red pine in about equal abundance, nowhere forming Tacamahac. Thunder Bay, L. Huron; L. Mich., common. exclusive forests, but rather standing alone or This is a common tree in low lands about the in small clusters in the midst of surrounding borders of rivers and swamps. It is very Beeches, Maples and Hemlocks. P. common on Drummond’s I., but it is of little Banksiana is a small irregular tree of little economical value, its height seldom reaching value, preferring the most exposed and barren Balm of Gilead. 30 feet, while its usual size is about fifteen. situations. var. candicans. (P. candicans—W.) Balsam Fir. Abies balsamea, Marshall. This is common in cultivation, but rare in a wild Shores and islands of L. Huron, very common; state. But a single specimen was seen which was a large tree standing near the lake shore a St. Mary’s river and shore of L. Mich., everywhere common. This is the prevailing few miles north of Elk Rapids, Antrim Co. species of the genus; and next to the Arbor Lombardy Poplar. Populus dilatata, Ait. Vitæ, is the most frequent of the family Ann Arbor, in cultivation, and at many other Coniferæ A. Canadensis prefers higher land localities, sparingly naturalized. Probably the among the beeches, large poplar’s and largest specimens of this tree in the State are birches, more inland; while this occupies the on the site of the “Old British Fort” near the lower, more recent drift, nearer the lake. Often mouth of St. Mary’s R., on Drummond’s I. it is seen growing at the base of a ledge of rocks, while at the summit and further inland A. CONIFERÆ. Canadensis grows large and abundant. Gray or Northern Pinus Banksiana, Lambert. Small-fruited or Abies Fraseri, Pursh. Double Scrub Pine. Sand Pt. Saginaw Bay, and northward along N. W. (Univ. Herb). Balsam Fir. the shore of L. Huron, not common. Hemlock Spruce. Red pine. Pinus resinosa, Ait. Abies Canadensis, Michx. Shore of L, Huron, but not common, from Pt. au Chapeau, Sag. B., northward along the Huron county northward; Drummond’s I.; shore of L. Huron, Drummond’s I., and the Emmet and Antrim counties. Nowhere is this shore of L. Mich., both on the Upper and Lower species known to excel the large and majestic Peninsula, common. This is improperly called growth which it attains on the shores of L. “Norway Pine” by the lumbermen. Mich., in. Antrim county. Indeed, with this Pitch Pine. Pinus rigida, Miller. exception, it was rarely met with during the S. Mich. (Wright). entire season. It is found also in Ottawa, Kent and Allegan counties. Black, or Double Abies nigra, Poir. Spruce. Whitmore Lake, Washtenaw Co.; The Cove, L. Huron; Drummond’s l.; common; Sugar I.; shore of L. Mich., less common. First Biennial Report of the Progress of the Geological Survey of Michigan - Botany – Page 25 of 39 White, or Single Abies alba, Michx. ARACEÆ. Spruce. Drummond’s I., common; Sugar and St. Joseph’s Is.; Shore of L. Mich., rare. The black Indian Turnip. Arisæma triphyllum, Torr. (Arum spruce is more widely diffused over the State triphyllum—W.) than the white, but the white predominates in Ann Arbor; Ft. Gratiot; Northport. the northern districts. Green Dragon, Arisæma Dracontium, Schott. Larch, Tamarack, Larix Americana, Michx. (Pinus Dragon-root. Hackmatack. pendula—W.) Ann Arbor. Ann Arbor; False Presqu’ Isle, L. Huron; Arrow Arum. Peltandra Virginica, Raf. Drummond’s L; Sugar L, abundant and very large, rising to the hight of 100 feet or more, (Rensselaeria Virginica—W.) with a circumference of six and a half feet, two S. Mich. (Wright). feet above the ground. Swampy lands at the Water Arum. Calla palustris, L. head of Branch Lake, Antrim Co., very large. Ann Arbor; S. W. (Wright). This is a common tree in low, marshy land, and often mingles with the white cedar in the well Skunk Cabbage. Symplocarpus fœtidus, Salisb. known “cedar swamps.” (Ictodes fœtidus—W.) Arbor Vitæ, White Thuja occidentals, L. Ann Arbor; Northport. Cedar. The most striking and hardy tree of the forest, Sweet Flag, growing in all situations, with its roots Acorus Calamus, L. Calamus. immersed in water, and on the most barren Quanecussee, Tuscola Co.; Bruce Mine, Ca. and inaccessible heights. In low and level tracts it often forms extensive “cedar swamps.” TYPHACEÆ. It may always be seen about the shore of an Cat-tail Flag. Typha latifolia, L. Inland lake or the margin of a river, its dense Ann Arbor, common; Saginaw B., common; foliage or dry scraggy limbs projecting over the Saut St. Marie. water. It is generally a tree about 25 ft. in height, but sometimes grows to a monstrous Bur-reed. Sparganium eurycarpum, n. sp. Englm. size on high lands where there is soil sufficient Ann Arbor; Saginaw Bay, 14 June. to sustain it. The largest Specimens seen were growing in the sandy soil of Emmet Co., Bur-reed. Sparganium ramosum, Hudson, in higher situations than is usual for the tree. S. Mich. (Wright); Ft. Gratiot. One specimen among others scattered through the forest composed mostly of beeches and Bur-reed. Sparganium simplex, Hudson. (S. hemlocks, had a diameter of 4 ft. 2 in. four feet Americanum—W.) from the ground. It is of slow growth, and Ft. Gratiot; Saginaw Bay, 14 June; S. E. requires centuries to attain such dimensions. (Wright). Its wood has the greatest durability and is much used for fence posts, while its bark LEMNACEÆ. furnishes thatching for the wigwam of the Indian and the cabin of the settler; S. Michigan Duckweed, Lemna trisulca, L. (Wright). On Drummond’s Island were seen Duck’s-meat. S. E. (Wright). willows; 25 to 30 years old growing above the prostrate trunks of the white cedar, still Duckweed. Lemna minor, L. remaining in a perfect state of preservation. In S. W. (Univ. Herb); Northfield, Washtenaw Co., other oases it is equally sound beneath peat (Miss Clark). bogs, or buried 30 feet under “modified drift,” where it must have lain for ages. Duckweed. Lemna polyrhiza, L. S. Mich. (Univ. Herb). Juniper. Juniperus communis, L Ann Arbor; Ft. aux Barques, L. Huron; False NAIADACEÆ. Presqu’ Isle, L. Huron; Old Ft. Mackinac, Emmet Co. Common about the lake shores. Pondweed. Potamogeton pectinatus, L. S. Mich. (Wright). Red Cedar, Savin. Juniperus Virginiana, L. Ann Arbor; Thunder Bay Is.; N. W. (Univ. Pondweed. Potamogeton pauciflorus, Pursh. Herb); S. Mich. (Wright). S. E. (Univ. Herb). var. humilis, Hook. Pondweed. Potamogeton perfoliatus, L. False Presqu’ Isle, with trailing stems 25 ft. S. Mich., (Wright). long; Sand dunes, Emmet Co., abundant. Pondweed. Potamogeton prælongus, Wulf. American Yew Taxus baccata, L. var. Canadensis, Saginaw Bay, 16 June; (Univ. Herb). Ground Gray. Hemlock. Pondweed. Middle I., L. Huron, very abundant; Potamogeton lucens, L. Drummond’s I., common; L. Mich. Common S. Mich., (Wright). throughout the northern counties, especially in var. ? fluitans. the shade of evergreens, a declining, one- S. E. (Univ. Herb) sided shrub, having a luxuriant dark-green foliage and printing a beautiful appearance Pondweed. Patamogeton natans, L. where it covers the surface, but vieing with the S. Mich., (Wright). White Cedar in forming a most persistent obstruction to the progress of the pedestrian.

First Biennial Report of the Progress of the Geological Survey of Michigan - Botany – Page 26 of 39 Pondweed. Potamogeton heterophyllus, Schreber. Northern White Platanthera dilatata, Lindl. S. Mich. (Wright). Orchis. Drummond’s I., 22 July: S. E. (Univ. Herb). ALISMACEÆ. Yellowish Orchis. Platanthera flava, Gray. (Habenaria Arrow-grass. herbiola—W.) Triglochin palustre, L. Ann Arbor; S. W. (Wright). S. W. (Wright). Yellow Fringed Platanthera ciliaris, Lindl. (Habenaria Arrow-grass. Triglochin maritimum, L. Orchis. S. Mich., (Wright). ciliaris—W.) Ann Arbor. var. elatum. White Fringed Platanthera blepharigllottis, Lindl. False Presqu’ Isle, L. Huron, 11 July, common; Orchis. Drummond’s l.; Ann. Arbor, (Miss Clark). S. Mich., (Univ. Herb). Scheuchzeria. Scheuchzeria palustris, L. Western Orchis. Platanthera Ieucophæa, Nutt. S. W. (Wright). Ann Arbor. Water Plantain. Alisma Plantago, L. var. Americanum, Ragged Orchis. Platanthera lacera, Gray. (Habenaria Gray. (A. Plantago—W.) psycodes, partly—W.) Ann Arbor; S. W. (Wright). Ann Arbor. Arrow-head. Sagittaria variabilis, Engelm. Small Purple Platanthera psycodes, Gray. Fringed- (Habenaria psycodes, partly, H. “Psaganing,” Bay Co., 26 June; Ann Arbor. Orchis. grandiflora and fimbriata—W.) var. diversifolia. Ft. Gratiot; Drummond’s I, 22 July; S. W. S. Mich., (Univ. Herb). (Wright). var. angustifolia. Large Purple Platanthera fimbriata, Lindl. Elk Rapids, Antrim Co. Fringed- Milford, Oakland Co.; Ann Arbor, (Miss Clark). Orchis. P. obtusata occurs at Cove I., L. Huron, Arrow-head. Sagittaria heterophylla, Pursh. (Austin). Elk Rapids, Antrim Co. Rattlesnake Goodyera repens, R. Br. Arrow-head. Sagittaria pusilla, Nutt. Plantain. Antrim Co., 3 Sept., common in the shade of S. W. (Univ. Herb). woods. HYDROCHARIDACEÆ. Rattlesnake Goodyera pubescens, R. Br. Plantain. Waterweed. Anacharis Canadensis, Planchon. Ann Arbor. S. Mich. (Univ. Herb). Ladies’ Tresses. Spiranthes gracilis, Big. Tape grass, Eel Vallisneria spiralis, L. S. W. (Wright). grass. Ann Arbor. Ladies’ Tresses. Spiranthes latifolia, Torr. in Lindl. ORCHIDACEÆ. Drnmmond’s I., common; S. E. (Univ. Herb). Ladies’ Tresses. Showy Orchis. Spiranthes cernua, Richard. Orchis spectabilis, L. Ann Arbor. Ann Arbor. Near the light-house at the mouth of Saginaw river is a-variety with light purple Arethusa. Arethusa bulbosa, L. lip, interruptedly streaked and mottled with S. Mich. (Wright). dark purple. In bloom, 14 June. Pogonia. Pogonia ophioglossoides, Nutt. Naked-gland Gymnadenia tridentata, Lindl. S. W. (Wright). Orchis. (Habenaria tridentata—W.) S. W. (Wright). Pogonia. Pogonia pendula, Lindl. (Triphora pendula—W.) Large Round- Platanthera orbiculata, Lindl. S. W. (Wright). leaved Orchis. (Habenaria orbiculata—W.) Ft. Gratiot; False Presqu’ Isle, L. Huron, 11 Calopogon. Calopogon pulchellus, R. Br. July; Drummond’s I.; Saut Ste Marie, (Miss Ann Arbor; Mouth Saginaw R., 24 June; S. Clark). Rare. Mich. (Wright). Smaller two- Platanthera Hookeri, Lindl. Calypso. Calypso borealis, Salisb. leaved Orchis. S. E. (Univ. Herb). Forty-mile point, Presqu’ Isle Co. Bracted Green Platanthera bracteata, Torr. Crane-Fly Orchis. Tipularia discolor, Nutt. Orchis. (Habenaria bracteata—W.) N. Mich. (Dr. Cooley). Ann Arbor; Emmet Co. Adder’s-Mouth. Microstylis ophioglossoides, Nutt. Northern Green Platanthera hyperborea, Lindl. S. W. (Wright). Orchis. (Habenaria huronensis—W.) Adder’s-Mouth. Microstylis monophyllos, Lindl. Ann Arbor; Squaw Ft., Thunder Bay, 6 July; Ann Arbor, (Miss Clark). Northport; S. W. (Wright). Common.

First Biennial Report of the Progress of the Geological Survey of Michigan - Botany – Page 27 of 39 Twayblade. Liparis liliifolia, Richard. (Malaxis Common Smilax rotundifolia, L. liliifolia—W.) Greenbrier. S. Mich. (Wright). S. W. (Wright). Smilax hispida, Muhl. Coral-root. Corallorhiza innata, R. Br. (C. verna— Ann Arbor. W.) Carrion Flower. Smilax herbacea, L. S. E. (Wright). Ann Arbor. Coral-root. Corallorhiza multiflora, Nutt. var. pulverulenta, (S. peduncularis— Pt. aux Barques, Huron Co., 20 June; ft. Martin’s I., W July; S. W. (Wright). W.) S. Mich. (Wright). Coral-root. Corallorhiza odontorhiza, Nutt. Rich woods, (Gray.) Smilax tannifolia, Michx. Ann Arbor. Coral-root. Corallorhiza Macræi, Gray. Nodding Trillium, Mackinac, (C. G. Loring, Jr., and Whitney). Trillium cernuum, L. Wake Robin. S. Mich., (Wright). Putty-root, Adam- Aplectrum hyemale, Nutt. Purple Trillium, and-Eve. S. E. (Univ. Herb). Trillium erectum, L, Birthroot. Ann Arbor. Larger Yellow Cypripedium pubescens, Willd. Lady’s Ann Arbor; Stone I., Saginaw B., 16 June; var. album. Slipper. Drummond’s I. Ann Arbor. Small White Large White Trillium grandiflorum, Salisb. Cypripedium parviflorum, Salisb. Trillium. Lady’s Ann Arbor. Ann Arbor; Drummond’s I. A variety occurs at Slipper. Ann Arbor with flowers tetramerous throughout. Showy Lady’s Cypripedium candidum, Muhl. Slipper. Ann Arbor. Painted Trillium. Trillium erythrocarpum, Michx. S. Mich. (Wright). Smaller Yellow Cypripedium spectabile, Swartz. Lady’s Ann Arbor; Tawas Bay, 28 June. Indian Cucumber- Medeola Virginica, L. (Gyromia Slipper. root. Virginica—W.) Stemless Lady’s Cypripedium acaule, Ait. Alcona Co., 1 July; S. Mich. (Wright). Slipper. Ann Arbor; Grand Rapids, (Miss Clark). C. LILIACEÆ. arietinum occurs at Cape Ipperwash, C. W., a few miles from Port Huron. Smaller Polygonatum biflorum, Ell. Solomon’s Ann Arbor. AMARYLLIDACEÆ. Seal. Star-grass. Hypoxys erecta, L. Great Solomon’s Polygonatum giganteum, Dietrich. Ann Arbor, common; Ft. Gratiot; shores of Sag. Seal. (Convallaria multiflora—W.) B., common. Ann Arbor. HÆMODORACEÆ. False spikenard. Smilacina racemosa, Desf. Colic-root, Star- Aletris farinosa, L. Ann Arbor; Drummond’s I. grass. S. E. (Wright). Smilacina stellata, Desf. IRIDACEÆ. Ann Arbor; Ft. Gratiot; Sand dunes, Ottawa Co., 30 Aug., but 3-seeded I; Huron Co. Larger Blue Flag. Iris versicolor, L. Smilacina trifolia, Desf. Ann Arbor; Ft. Gratiot; Saginaw Bay, common; S. Mich. (Univ. Herb). Mackinac. Common all over the Southern Peninsula. Smilacina bifolia, Ker Lake Dwarf Iris. Iris lacustris, Nutt. Ann Arbor; Ft. Gratiot. Common everywhere. Bois Blanc I.; Mackinac; Drummond’s I.; Old Clintonia borealis, Raf. Fort Mackinac. Common in shady, moist woods throughout the Blue-Eyed Grass. Sisyrinchium Burmudiana, L. northern counties of the peninsula. Ann Arbor, very common; Ft. Gratiot; shores of Wild Leek. Allium tricoccum, Ait. Saginaw Bay 14 June, common. St. Martin’s I., 17 July; S. W. (Wright). var. anceps, (S. anceps—W.) Wild Onion. Allium cernuum, Roth. S. W. (Wright). S. W. (Wright); Ann Arbor, (Miss Clark). DIOSCORACÆ. Wild Meadow Allium Canadense, Kalm. Garlic. Wild Yam-root. Dioscorea villosa, L. Ann Arbor; S. shore of Saginaw Bay, 14 June; S.Mich. (Wright). S. W. (Wright); Ann Arbor. Wild Orange-red SMILACEÆ. Lilium Philadelphicum, L. Lily. Ann Arbor; Ft. Gratiot; Stone I., Saginaw B., 16 June; The Cove, L. Huron.

First Biennial Report of the Progress of the Geological Survey of Michigan - Botany – Page 28 of 39 Wild Yellow Lily. Lilium Canadense, L. Rush. Juncus bufonius, L. Ann Arbor; Ft. Gratrot; Sturgeon Pt., L. Huron, S. E. (Wright). 30 June. PONTEDERIACEÆ. Turk’s cap Lily. Lilium superbum, L. Ann Arbor, (Miss Clark). Pickerel-weed. Pontederia cordata, L. Ann Arbor. Yellow Adder’s Erythronium Americanum, Smith. tongue. Ann Arbor. Water Star grass. Schollera graminea, Willd. S. W. (Wright); Ann Arbor, (Miss Clark). MELANTHACEÆ. Day-flower. Commelyna Virginica, L. (C. Large-flowered Uvularia grandiflora, Smith. angustifolia—W.) Bellwort. Ann Arbor. S. W. (Wright). Sessile-leaved Uvularia sessifolia, L. Common Spider Tradescantia Virginica, L. Bellwort. S. E. (Wright). wort. Ann Arbor. Twisted-stalk. Streptopus amplexifolius DC. XYRIDACEÆ. Ft. Gratiot; St. Joseph’s I. Yellow-eyed Xyris bulbosa, Kunth. . Twisted-stalk. Streptopus roseus, Michx. Grass. S. W. (Wright); Ann Arbor, (Miss Clark). Drummond’s I; Sugar I. ERIOCAULONACEÆ. Zygadene. Zygadenus glaucus, Nutt. (Melanthium glaucum—W.) Pipewort. Eriocaulon septangulare, Witheririg. S. W. (Wright). (E. pellucidum—W.) S. W. (Wright). False asphodel. Tofieldia glutinosa, Willd. False Presqu’ Isle, L. Huron, 11 July; CYPERACEÆ. Drummond’s I. Galingale. Cyperus diandrus, Torr. JUNCACEÆ. Ann Arbor. Wood-rush. Luzula pilosa, Willd. var. castaneus. (Wright). S. E. (Univ. Herb). Wood-rush. Luzula compestris, DC. Cyperus flavescens, L. Ann Arbor. S. Mich. (Wright). Common, or Soft Juncus effusus, L. Cyperus strigosus, L. Rush. S. E. (Wright). S. W. (Wright). Rush. Juncus filiformis, L. “Cyperus phymatodes, Muhl.?” Saginaw Bay, 15 June. S. W. (Wright). Rush. Juncus Balticus, Willd. Cyperus filiculmis, Vahl. (C. Drummond’s I., 25 July; Pine Lake, Emmet mariscoides—W.) Co.; Leelanaw Co.; S. W. (Wright). Sandy S. Mich. (Wright). shores, common. Dulichium Rush. Dulichium spathaceum, Pers. Juncus setaceus, Rostk. S. Mich. (Wright). Sulphur I., north of Drummond’s; S. Mich. (Wright). Hemicarpa. Hemicarpa subsquarrosa, Nees. Rush. Juncus paradoxus, E. Meyer. (J. (Scirpus subsquarrosa—W.) polycephalus—W.) S. W. (Wright). S. Michigan, (Wright). Spike-rush. Eleocharis equisetoides, Torr. (Scirpus Rush. Juncus acuminatus, Michx. equisetoides—W.) S. Mich., (Wright). S. E. (Wright). Rush. Juncus articulatus, L. Spike-rush. Eleocharis quadrangulata, R. Br. Drummond’s l., 22 July; Grand Traverse Bay S. Mich. (Gray). (E. arm), abundant. Spike-rush. Eleocharis obtusa, Shultes. (Scirpus Rush. Juncus nodosus, L. capitatus—W.) Drummond’s I., 25 July; Grand Traverse Bay S. E. (Wright). (E. arm), abundant. Spike-rush. Eleocharis palustris, R. Br. (Scirpus Rush. Juncus marginatus, Rostk. palustris—W.) S. Mich., (Univ. Herb) Sturgeon Pt., L. Huron; Pt. au Chene, L. Mich.; S. Mich. (Wright). Rush. Juncus tenuis, Willd. Sturgoon Pt., L. Huron; S. Mich. (Univ. Herb). Spike-rush. Eleocharis rostellata, Torr. Drummond’s I., 22 July.

First Biennial Report of the Progress of the Geological Survey of Michigan - Botany – Page 29 of 39 Spike-rush. Eleocharis intermedia, Schultes. Graceful Cotton Eriophorum gracile, Koch. (E. Grand Traverse Bay. grass. angustifolium—W.) Spike-rush. Eleocharis tenuis, Schultes. (Scirpus S. Mich. (Wright). tenuis—W.) Fimbristylis spadicea, Vahl. (Scirpus S. E. (Wright). spadiceus—W.) Spike-rush. Eleocharis compressa, Sullivant. S. W. (Wright). Branch L., Emmet Co. Fimbristylis autumnalis, Roem. & Shult. Spike-rush. Eleocharis acicularis, R. Br. (Scirpus (Scirpus autumnalis—W.) acicularis—W.) S. Michigan, (Wright). S. W. (Wright). Fimbristylis capillaris, Gray. (Scirpus Bulrush. Scirpus subterminalis, Torr. capillaris—W.) S. Michigan, (Wright). S. Michigan, (Wright). Bulrush. Scirpus pungens, Vahl. (S. Umbrella-grass. Fuirena squarrosa, Michx. Americanus—W.) S. Mich. (Wright). Pt. au Chene, L. Mich., 10 Aug.; Grand Beak-rush. Rhynchospora alba, Vahl. Traverse Bay; S. Mich. (Wright). S. W. (Wright); N. E. (Univ. Herb). Bulrush. Scirpus Torreyi, Olney. Beak-rush. Rhynchospora capillacea, Torr. Borders of ponds, (Gray). Bogs and river banks, (Gray). Bulrush. Scirpus lacustris, L. (S. lacustris and Beak-rush. Rhynchospora glomerata, Vahl. acutus—W.) S. Mich., (Wright). Saginaw B., common; Pine Lake, Emmet Co., abundant; S. E. (Wright). This species is Twig-rush. Cladium mariscoides, Torr. (Schœnus extensively used by the Indipns to make mats. mariscoides—W.) It is cut late in summer just as the fruit is S. Mich. (Wright). ripening. In pine Lake it grows very large, the culm sometimes being 12 ft. or more in length. Nut-rush. Scleria triglomerata, Michx. Bulrush. Scirpus debilis, Pursh. S. Mich., (Wright). Low banks of streams, (Gray). Nut-rush. Scleria verticillata, Muhl. Sea Club-rush. Scirpus maritimus, L. (S. Swamps, (Cooley). macrostachyos—W.) S. Mich., (Wright). Carex gynocrates, Wormskiold. N. E. and N. W., (Univ. Herb). Sea Club-rush. Scirpus fluviatilis, Gray. S. Mich. (Univ. Herb). Carex scirpoidea, Micbx. N. E. (Univ. Herb). River Club-rush. Scirpus sylvaticus, L. var. atrovirens. S. Mich. (Univ. Herb). Carex polytrichnides. Muhl. S. Mich. (Wright); N. W. (Univ. Herb). Bulrush. Scirpus polyphyllus, Vahl. (S. brunneus—W.) Carex bromoides, Schk. Antrim Co.; S. E. (Wright). S. Mich. (Wright). Bulrush. Scirpus lineatus, Michx. Carex Sartwellii, Dew. S. Mich. (Univ. Herb). S. Mich. (Wright). Wool-grass. Scirpus Eriophorum, Michx. (S. Carex teretiuscula, Good. S. Mich. (Univ. Herb). Erisphoruo—W.?) S. W. (Univ. Herb). Carex decomposita, Muhl. (C. Sheathed Cotton- Eriophorum vaginatum, L. panictilata—W.?) S. Mich. (Wright). grass. S. Mich., (Univ. Herb). Virginia Cotton Eriophorum Virginicum, L. Carex vulpinoidea, Michx. grass. S. Mich. (Univ. Herb). (C.setacea—W.) Sturgeon Pt., L. Huron; S. Mich. (Wright). Many stemmed Eriophorum polystachyon, L. Cotton grass. S. Mich. (Wright). Carex stipata, Muhl. S. Mich. (Wright). var. latifolium. S. Mich. (Univ. Herb). Carex cephalophora, Muhl. S. E. (Wright). Carex rosea, Schk. Ann Arbor. Carex tenella, Schk. (C. dispermia— W.) First Biennial Report of the Progress of the Geological Survey of Michigan - Botany – Page 30 of 39 S. E. (Wright). Carex gracillima, Schk. Carex trisperma, Dew. S. E. (Wright). (Wright). Carex virescens, Muhl. Carex canescens, L. (C. curia—W.) S. Mich. (Wright). S. Mich. (Wright). Carex plantaginea, Lam. (C. anceps— Carex Deweyana, Schw. W.?) S. Mich. (Wright). S. Mich. (Wright). Carex stellulata, Good. Carex laxiflora, Lam. Sturgeon Pt., L. Huron; S. E. (Wright). S. Mich., (Wright). var. sterilis. Carex eburnea, Booth. (C. alba, var. S. Mich. (Univ. Herb). setifolia—W.) Drummond’s I., 28 July; L. Mich., Emmet Co.; Carex scoparia, Schk. S. W. (Wright). S. E. (Univ. Herb). Carex podunculata, Muhl. (C. Carex lagropodioides, Schk. lupulina—.) S. Mich. (Wright). S. Mich. (Wright). var. cristata, (C. cristata—W.) Carex Novæ-Angliæ, Schw. (C. S. Mich. (Wright). collecta, nigro-marginata—W.) Carex festucacea, Schk. S. E. (Wright). S. Mich. (Wright). var. Emmonsii. var. tenera, (C tenera—W.) Grand Traverse Bay. S. Mich. (Wright). Carex Pennsylvanica, Lam. (C. Carex straminea, Schk. marginata—W.) S. Mich. (Wright). Ann Arbor. Carex vulgaris, Fries. (C. caespitosa— “Carex varia, Muhl. ?” W.) S. Mich. (Wright). S. Mich. (Wright). Carex pubescens, Muhl. Carex stricta, Lam. (C. acuta—W.) S. Mich. (Wright). S. Mich. (Wright). Carex miliacea, Muhl. Carex aquatilis, Wahl. S. Mich. (Wright). Near Sitting rabbit, 18 Aug.; S. E. (Wright). Carex scabrata, Schw. Carex crinita, Lam. S. Mich. (Wright). Ann Arbor; Sturgeon PI, L. Huron; S. Mich. (Wright) Carex arctata, Boott. (C. sylvatica— W.) Carex limosa, L. S. Mich. (Wright). S. Mich. (Wright). Carex flava, L. Carex Buxbaumii, Wahl. Emmet Co.; S. E. (Wright). S. E. (Univ. Herb). Carex Œderi, Ehrh. Carex aurea, Nutt. Drummond’s I., 26 July. S. E. (Wright). Carex filiformis, Gmelin. Carex tetanica, Schk. S. Mich. (Wright). S. Mich. (Univ. Herb). Carex languinosa, Michx. Carex Crawei, Dew. S. E. (Univ. Herb). N. Mich. (Ball). Carex lacustris, Willa. Carex granulans, Muhl. S. Mich. (Wright). Drummond’s I., 26 July; S. E. (Wright). Carex aristata. Carex conoidea, Schk. Lake shores and river-banks, (Univ. Herb). S. E. (Wright). Carex trichocarpa, Muhl. Carex grisea, Wahl. var. mutica. S. Mich. (Wright). Drummond’s I., 25 July. Carex comosa, Boott. Carex Davisii, Schw. & Torr. S. Mich. (Univ. Herb). Sitting rabbit. Carex pseudo-cyperus, L. Carex formosa, Dew. S. Mich. (Wright). S. Mich. (Wright).

First Biennial Report of the Progress of the Geological Survey of Michigan - Botany – Page 31 of 39 Carex hystricina, Willd. White Bent-grass. Agrostis alba, L. S. E. (Univ. Herb). S. Mich. (Wright). Carex tentaculata, Muhl. Cinna arundinacea, L. Antrim Co.; & Mich. (Wright). S. W. Mich. (Wright). Carex intumescens, Rudge. Drop-seed Grass. Muhlenbergia sobolifera, Gray. N. W. (Univ. Horb.) Open rocky woods, S. Mich. (Gray). Carex folliculata, L. (C. folliculata and Drop-seed Grass. Muhlenbergia glomerata, Trin. xanthophysa—W.) (Polypogon racemosus—W.) S. Mich. (Wright). S. W. (Wright). Carex lupulina, Muhl. Drop-seed Grass. Muhlenbergia Mexicana, Trin. Ann Arbor. (Agrostis lateriflora—W.) Carex squarrosa, L. S. Mich. (Wright). S. Mich. (Wright). Drop-seed Grass. Muhlenbergia Willdenovii, Trin. Carex retrosa, Schw. (Agrostis tenuiflora—W.) S. Mich. (Wright). S. Michigan, (Wright). Carex ampullacea, Good. Nimble Will. Muhlenbergia diffusa, Schreber. Bear Creek, Emmet Co.; S. Mich. (Wright). S. Mich. (Wright). var. utriculata. Brachyelytrum aristatum, Beauv. S. E. (Univ. Herb). S. Mich. (Wright). Carex cylindrica, Schw. Blue Joint-Grass. Calamagrostis Canadensis, Beauv. S. Mich. (Univ. Herb). (Arundo Canadensis—W.) Pt. au Chene, L. Mich.; S. E. (Wright). Carex bullata, Schk. S. Mich. (Wright). Reed Bent-grass. Calamagrostis coarctata, Torr. (Arundo coarctata—W.) Carex digosperma, Michx. S. Mich., (Wright). Oakland Co. (Prof. Williams.) Calamagrostis longifolia, Hook. GRAMINEÆ. Pt. au Chene, L. Mich., 19 Aug.; Antrim Co., Rice Cut-grass. Leersia oryzoides, Swartz. common: S. W. (Univ. Herb). S. Mich. (Wright). Sea Sand Reed. Calamagrostis arenaria, Roth. White-grass. Leersia Virginica, Willd. Pt. au Chene, L. Mich., 19 Aug. S. Mich. (Wright). Oryzopsis melanocarpa, Muhl. Indian Rice, Water Zizania aquatica, L. (Piptatherum nigrum—W.) Oats. (Wright). S. Mich. (Wright). Floating Foxtail. Alopecurus geniculatus, L. Mountain Rice. Oryzopsis asperifolia, Michx. S. Mich. (Wright). S. Mich. (Wright). Timothy, Herd’s- Phleum pratense, L. Oryzopsis Canadensis, Torr. (Milium grass. Meadows, common. pungens—W.) S. E. (Wright). Sporobolus cryptandrus, Gray. S. Mich. (Univ. Herb). Black Oat Grass. Stipa avenacea, L. S. W. (Wright). Sporobolus serotinus, Gray. Sandy wet places, (Gray). Porcupine Grass. Stipa spartea, Trin. (S .juncea—W.) S. Mich., (Wright). Thin-Grass. Agrostis perennans, Tuckerm. (Trichodium scabrum—W.) Aristida stricta, Michx. S. Mich. (Wright). S. Mich., (Wright). [Doubtful.] Hair-Grass. Agrostis scabra, Willd, (Trichodium Aristida purpurascens. laxiflorum—W.) S. Mich., (Univ. Herb) S. Mich. (Wright). Fresh-Water Spartina cynosuroides, Willd. Brown Bent-grass. Agrostis canina, L. Cord-Grass. S. Mich., (Wright). Ann Arbor. Muskit-grass. Bouteloua curtipendula, Gray. Agrostis vulgaris, With. (Atheropogon apludioides—W.) Ann Arbor. S. Mich. (Wright). Wire-grass. Elusine Indica, Gaertn. S. Mich. (Wright).

First Biennial Report of the Progress of the Geological Survey of Michigan - Botany – Page 32 of 39 Tall Red-Top. Tricuspis seslerioides, Torr. hirsuta—W.) S. W. (Wright). S. Mich. (Wright). Dupontia. Dupontia Cooleyi, Gray. var. spectabilis.. Washington, Macomb Co., (Gray). S. Mich., (Univ. Herb). Diarrhena. Diarrhena Americana, Beauv. Fescue-Grass. Festuca tenella, Willd. S. Mich. (Wright). S. Mich. (Wright). Kœleria. Kœleria cristata, Pers. Festuca ovina, Gray. S. E. (Wright). var. duriuscula. (F. duriuscida—W.) S. Mich. (Wright). Eatonia obtusata, Gray. (Kœleria truncata—W.) Festuca nutans, Willd. S. E. (Wright). S. E. (Wright). Eatonia Pennsylvania, Gray. (Kœderia Cheat, Chess. Bromus secalinus, L. Pennsylvanica—W.) Ann Arbor; Fields, Grand Traverse Co. S. Mich. (Wright). Wild Chess. Bromus Kalmii, Gray. (B. ciliatus—W.) Battlesnake- Glyceria Canadensis. S. E. (Wright). Grass. S. W. (Univ. Herb.) Bromus ciliatus, L. Glyceria elongata, Trin. Charlevoix, Emmet Co.; S. Mich. (Wright). Wet woods, (Gray.) var. purgans, (B. Purgans—W.) Glyceria nervata, Trin. (Poa nervata— Reed. Phragmites communis, Trin. W.) S. Mich. (Wright). S. Mich. (Wright). Bearded Darnel. Lolium tremulentum, L. Reed Meadow- Glyceria aquatica, Smith. (Poa S. Michigan, (Wright). Grass. aquatica, var. Americana—W.) Couch-Grass, Triticum repens, L. S. Mich., (Wright). Quitch-Grass, S. Mich. (Univ. Herb). Quick-Grass. Glyceria fluitans, R. Br. S. Mich. (Wright). Awned Wheat Triticum caninum, L. (Agropyron Grass. Low Spear-Grass. Poa annua, L. caninum—W.) S. Mich. (Univ. Herb). Ann Arbor; S. E. (Wright). Poa debilis, Torr Triticum dasystachyum, Gray. N. W. (Univ. Herb). S. Michigan, (Univ. Herb). Poa svlvestrifs, Gray. Elymus Virginicus, L. S. E. (Wright). S. Mich. (Univ. Herb). False Red-Top, Poa serotina Ehrh. Elymus Canadensis, L. Drummond’s I., 24 July; Antrim Co., common; Fowl Meadow Little Traverse Bay, 24 Aug.; S. Mich. (Wright). Grass. S. E. (Wright). Poa nemoralis, L. var. glaueifolius. S. Mich., (Wright). S. Mich. (Univ. Herb). Rough Meadow Poa trivialis, L. Elymus striatus, Willd. Grass. S. Mich. (Wright). var. villosus. (E. villoaus—W.) Green, or Poa pratensis, L. S. Mich. (Wright). Common S. E. (Wright). Meadow Elymus mollis, Trin. Grass. Shore of L. Huron, (Gray). Blue-Grass, Wire- Poa compressa, L. Bottle-brush Gymnostichum Hystrix, Schrcb. Grass. Ann Arbor. (Elymus Hystrix—W.) Eragrostis reptans, Nees. (Poa Ann Arbor; S. Mich. (Wright). reptans—W.) Hair-Grass. Aira Cæspitosa, L. S. Mich. (Wright). S. Mich. (Wright). Eragrostis poseoides, (Poa Wild Oats. Danthonia spicata, Beauv. eragrostis—W.) S. Mich. (Wright). Ann Arbor. Trisetum. Trisetum subspicatum, Beauv., var. Eragrostis capillaris, Nees. (Poa molle, Gray. capillaris and hirsuta—W) N. E. (Univ. Herb). S. Mich. (Wright). Eragrostis pectinacea, Gray. (Poa

First Biennial Report of the Progress of the Geological Survey of Michigan - Botany – Page 33 of 39 Oat. Avena striata, Michx. (Trisetum Meadow Horsetail. Equisetum pratense, Ehrh. purpurascena—W.) Ann Arbor; Pine Lake, Emmet Co. S. E. (Wright). Wood Horsetail. Equisetum sylvaticum, L. Vanilla, or Hierochloa borealis, Roem. & Schultes. Drummond’s I. Seneca- S. E. (Univ. Herb). Grass. Swamp Horsetail. Equisetum limosum, L. Ann Arbor; S. E. (Wright). Reed Canary- Phalaris arundinacea, L. Grass. S. Mich. (Univ. Herb.) Shave-Grass. Equisetum hyemale, L. Ann Arbor; Drummond’s I., very abundant in Millet-grass. Milium effusum, L. sandy soil; Branch Lake,, Antrim Co., very S. E. (Wright). abundant, growing in the marshy margin of the river near its mouth. Panic-Grass. Panicum filiforme, L. (Digitaria filiformis—W.) Scouring Rush. Equisetum variegatura, Schleicher. S. W. (Wright). Drummond’s I.; S. E. (Univ. Herb). Panicum glabrum, Gaudin. Scouring Rush. Equisetum scirpoides, Michx. Ann Arbor. Shore of Lake Michigan, Emmet Co. Crab-Grass, Panicum sanguinale, L. (Digitaria FILICES. Finger-Grass. sanguinale—W.) Polypody. Polypodium vulgare, L. Ann Arbor. Drummond’s I. Panicum capillare, L. Ostrich-Fern. Struthiopteris Germanica, Willd. Ann Arbor; Mission Point, Grand Traverse Co. Ann Arbor. Panicum virgatum, L. Rock Brake. Allosorus gracilis, Presl. S. Mich. (Wright). Louse Island. Panicum latifolium, L. Rock Brake. Allosorus atropurpureus, Gray. S. Mich. (Univ. Herb). N. E. (Univ. Herb). Panicum dichotomura, L. (P. nitidum Common Brake. Pteris aquilina, L. and pubescens—W.) Ann Arbor; Ft. Gratiot; Drammond’s I.; Emmet Grand Traverse Co.; S. Mich. (Wright). Co.; Traverse City; Ottawa Co.; S. Mich. (Wright). Common. Barnyard-Grass. Panicum Crus-galli, L. Ann Arbor. Maiden-hair. Adiantum pedatum, L. Ann Arbor; Ft. Gratiot; Emmet Co., rich woods, Panicum nervosum, Muhl. common; S. Mich. (Wright). S. Mich. (Wright). [A synonym?] Woodwardia. Woodwardia Virginica, Willd. Foxtail. Setaria glauca, Beauv. S. Mich. (Univ. Herb.) Ann Arbor. Spleenwort. Asplenium Ruta-muraria, L. Green Foxtail, Setaria viridis, Beauv. N. E. (Univ. Herb). Bottle-Grass. Ann Arbor; Emmet Co., growing in fields with the following. Spleenwort. Asplenium Trichomanes, L. N. E. (Univ. Herb). Setaria Italica, Kunth. Emmet Co., cultivated by the Indians as Millet. Spleenwort. Asplenium angustifolium, Michx. S. W. (Wright). Bur-Grass. Cenchrus tribuloides, L. (C. echinatus, var. tribuloides—W.) Silvery Asplenium thelypteroides, Michx. S. W. (Wright). Spleenwort. Ann Arbor; Ft. Gratiot; S. Mich. (Wright). Beard-Grass. Andropogon furcatus, Muhl. Spleenwort. Asplenium Filix-fœmina, R. Br. S. Mich. (Wright). Ann Arbor; Bear Creek, Emmet Co.; S. Mich. (Univ. Herb). Andropogon scoparius, Michx. Antrim Co., common; S. E. and S. W. (Wright). Dicksonia punctilobula, Hook. Bear Creek, Emmet Co. Andropogon Virginicus, L. S. Mich. (Wright). Woodsia. Woodsia Ilvensis, R. Br. N. E (Univ. Herb). Broom-Corn. Sorghum nutans, Gray. (Andropogon nutans—W.) Bladder-Fern. Cystopteris bulbifera, Bernh. S. Mich. (Univ. Herb.) (Aspidium bulbiferum—W.) Ann Arbor; S. E. (Wright). EQUISETACEÆ. Bladder-Fern. Cystopteris fragilis, Bernh. Horsetail, Equisetum arvense, L. Drummond’s I. Scouring Ann Arbor; Bruce Mine, Ca.; Drummond’s I., Rush. abundant, in sandy soil.

First Biennial Report of the Progress of the Geological Survey of Michigan - Botany – Page 34 of 39 Wood-Fern, Aspidium Thelypteris, Willd. CHAPTER X. Shield-Fern. S. Mich. (Wright). GENERAL REMARKS ON THE PRECEDING Wood-Fern, Aspidium noveboracense, Willd. CATALOGUE. Shield-Fern. S. W. (Wright). Although the territory represented by the foregoing Wood-Fern, Aspidium spinulosum, Swartz. (A. Catalogue does not extend into the Upper Peninsula, it Shield-Fern. intermedium—W.) nevertheless embraces a portion of the “Lake Superior Ann Arbor; Emmet Co.; S. Mich. (Wright). Land District” as reported upon by the Botanist of Foster var. Bootii, Gray. and Whitney’s Survey. Within this portion of their Ann Arbor. territory, we have detected 95 species of plants not Aspidium cristatum, Swartz. enumerated in W. D. Whitney’s Catalogue. Ann Arbor The number of species embraced in this Catalogue is Wood-Fern. Aspidium acrostichoides, Willd. 274 more than in the Catalogue formerly published by Ft. Gratiot; S. Mich. (Wright). Dr. Wright. Wood-Fern. “Aspidium asplenoides, L.” The total number of species enumerated (excluding S. Mich. (Wright). varieties) is 1205. Of these, 85 species are of foreign Sensitive-Fern. Onoclea sensibilis, L. origin, the introduced species embrace a large Bear Creek, Emmet Co., 24 Aug.; S. W. proportion of our common weeds. The Black Mustard (Wright); Ann Arbor. (Sinapis nigra), Shepherd’s Purse (Capsella Bursapastoris), Mouse-Ear (Cerastium vulgatum. and C. Flowering Fern. Osmunda regalia. L. Ann Arbor; Ft. Gratiot. viscosum), Purslane (Portulaca oleracea), Mallows (Malva rotundifolia), Corn Speedwell (Veronica var. spectabilis. arvensis), Pigweeds (Chenopodium hybndum and C. Ann Arbor. album), Amaranths (Amarantus hybridus and A. Osmunda Claytoniana, L. (O. retoflexus), Princes Feather (Polygonum orientale), interrupta—W.) Sorrel (Rumex acetosella), Crabgrass (Panicum Ann Arbor; Ft. Gratiot. sanguinale), and the Foxtail grasses (Setaria glauca and Cinnamon Fern. Osmunda cinnamonea, L. S. viridis), are common garden nuisances, and several Ann Arbor; Ft. Gratiot. of them spread themselves extensively through cultivated fields. The following more rarely encroach Moonwort. Botrychium lunarioides, Swartz. (B. upon our gardens, but make themselves at home in fumarioides—W.) cultivated and pasture fields: Buttercups (Ranunculus Ft. Gratiot; S. Mich. (Wright). acris), Horse Radish (Nasturtium armoracia), Field Botrychium Virginicum, Swartz. Mustard (Sinapis arvensis), Cockle (Agrostemma Ft. Gratiot; Squaw Pt., Thunder Bay, 6 July; Githago), Sandwort (Arenaria serpyllifolia), Chickweed Drummond’s I., 13 Aug.; Emmet Co., rich (Stellaria media), Bladder Ketmia (Hibiscus Trionum), woods, rather common, S. Mich. (Wright). White Melilot (Melilolus alba), Common Daisy LYCOPODIACEÆ. (Lecanthemum vulgare), Groundsel (Senecio vulgaris), Common and Canada Thistles (Cirsium lanceolatum and Shining Club- Lycopodium lucidulum, Michx. moss. Drummond’s I., 24 July; Emmet Co.; S. E. C. arvense), Burdock (Lappa major), Spiny Sow Thistle (Wright). (Souchus asper), Field Bindweed (Convolvulue arvensis), Nighshade (Solanum nigrum), Jamestown Club-moss. Lycopodium inundatum, L. rar. weed (Datura stramonium), Wild Tobacco (Nicotiana Bigelovii, Tack. rustica), Lady’s Thumb and Black Bindweed (Polygonum Willow River, Huron Co., 20 June; Drummond’s I.; Sugar I. Persicaria and P. convolvulus), Hemp (Cannabis sativa), Brown Bent Grass (Agrostis canina), Floating Foxtail Club-moss. Lycopodium annotinum, L. (Alopecurus geniculatus), Wire grass (Eleusine Indica), The Cove, L. Huron; Emmet Co., common. Eragrostis (Eragrostis poœoides), Chess (Bromus Ground Pine. Lycopodium dendroideum, Michx. secalinus), and Barnyard grass (Panicum crusgalli). A Ft. Gratiot; Pt. aux Barques, Huron Co., 19 few of our naturalized plants seem to have escaped from June; Sugar I., 31 July; N. W. (Univ. Herb). a state of cultivation, such as Red Clover (Trifolium Club-moss. Lycopodium clavatum, L. pratense), Parsnep (Pastinaca sativa), Hyssop Ft. aux Barques, Huron Co., 21 June; N. E. (Hyssopus officinalis), Peppermint (Mentha piperita), (Univ. Herb). Horchound (Marrubium vulgare), Henbane (Hyoscyamus Club-moss. Lycopodium complanatum, L. niger), Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) and Timothy Traverse City, common in shade of pines; N. Grass (Phleum pratense). Several species seem to be E. (Univ. Herb). confined almost entirely to roadsides and waste places. Of such we may name Hedge Mustard (Sisymbrium Selaginella apus, Spring. Ann Arbor. This is not S. selaginoides. officinale), Soapwort or Bouncing Bet (Saponaria officinalis), Cowherb (Vaccaria vulgaris), which is not First Biennial Report of the Progress of the Geological Survey of Michigan - Botany – Page 35 of 39 common, Indian Mallow (Abutilow Avicennæ), equally (Pteris aquiline), Wood Fern (Aspidium Noveboracense), rare, Spotted Hemlock (Conium maculatum), Wild Flowering Fern (Osmunda regalis), Clubmoss Teasel (Dipsacus sylvestris), Elecampane (Inula (Lycopodium clavatum). Several of the preceding are helenium), Mayweed (Maruta cotula), Tansy (Tanacetum the American analogues of European species that enjoy, vulgare), Great Mullein (Verbascum Thapsus), an perhaps without reason, a greater reputation than the abundant pest in old fields, Toad Flax or Butter and American ones. The American representatives of Eggs (Linaria vulgaris), often a bold intruder into numerous other European species will undoubtedly be cultivated fields, Vervain (Verbena hastata and V. found to possess equal virtues with their foreign urticifolia), Catnep (Nepeta Cataria), Hemp Nettle congeners; and not a few of these have already acquired (Galeopsis tetrahit and G. Ladanum), Motherwort considerable standing. (Leonurus cardiaca), Comfrey (Symphytum officinale), A number of our native plants, much larger than is Gromwell (Lithospermum arvense and L. officinale), generally supposed, are worthy of cultivation for Stickseed (Echinospermum Lappula), Hound Tongue ornament. Our peninsula affords some of the most (Cynoglossum officinale), Apple of Peru (Nicandra magnificent shade trees known. The Sugar Maple (Acer physaloides), Jerusalum Oak and Mexican Tea saccharinum) has no superior, while the Silver Maple (Chenopodium botrys and C. ambrosioides), Smart (Acer dasycarpum), Tulip tree (Liriodendron tulipifera), weed (Polygonum hydropiper), Dock (Rumex crispus Basswood (Tilia Americana), Locust (Robinia pseudo- and R. obtusifolius), and Stinging Nettle (Urtica dioica). acacia), Kentucky Coffee Bean (Gymnocladus But few trees and shrubs have been truly naturalized in Canadensis), Honey Locust (Gleditschia triacanthus), the peninsula. Of such I have recognized the Sweet Wild Black Cherry (Prunus serotina), Butternut (Juglans Brier (Rosa rubiginosa), very common on Mackinac cinerea), Black Walnut (Juglans nigra), Balm of Gilead island, Bittersweet (Solanum dulcamara), the Brittle (Populus balsamifera var. candicans), and a number of Willow (Salix fragilis), and the Lombardy Poplar (Populus others have long been extensively employed for shade dilitata). and ornament. Besides these, our flora is rich in A very considerable number of our wild plants are known coniferous evergreens, of which the White Pine (Pinus to possess medicinal properties. Fourteen of the strobus), Hemlock (Abies Canadensis), Balsam Fir naturalized species fall into this category, viz: Toad (Abies balsamea), Black Spruce (Abies nigra), Arbor Flax, Butter Cups, Black Mustard, Horse Radish, Vitæ (Thuja occidentalis), improperly called White Spotted Hemlock, Elecampane, Bittersweet, (Solarium Cedar, and Red Cedar (Juniperus Virginiana), are in dulcamara), Jamestown Weed or Stramonium, greatest favor; while few trees offer a more graceful Henbane, Great Mullein, Horehound, Peppermint, foliage than our Tamarack (Larix Americana). Of smaller Wormseed, and Hemp. A more considerable number of sized ornamental trees may be mentioned the Hop Tree our. native plants hold an established place in the (Ptelea trifoliata), Striped Maple (Acer Pennsylvanicum) pharmacopoeia, viz: Flowering Dogwood (Cornus cultivated in Europe, Red Bud (Cercis Canadensis), Wild florida), Spotted Cranesbill (Geranium maculatum), Crab Apple (Pyrus coronaria), Mountain Ash (Pyrus Butternut (Juglans cinerea), Mandrake (Podophyllum Americana), Flowering Dogwood (Cornus florida). pellatum), Goldthread (Coptis trifolia), Black Snakeroot Among shrubs ornamental in cultivation we have Stag’s (Cimcifuga racemosa), Creeping Spearwort (Ranunculus Horn Sumac (Rhus typhina), Burning Bush (Euonymus flammula var. reptans), Tulip tree (Liriodendron atropurpureus), Nine Bark (Spiræa opulifolia), Flowering tulipifera), Bloodroot (Sanguinaria Canadensis), Seneca Raspberry (Rubus odoratus and R. Nutkanus), Snow Snakeroot (Polygala Senega), Wood Sorrel (Oxalis Berry (Symphoricarpus racemosus), Red Berried Elder stricta), Poison Ivy (Rhus toxico dendron), Indian Physic (Sambucus pubens) an attractive object at Mackinac and (Gillenia trifoliata), Wild Black Cherry (Prunus serotina), northward, Snowball (Viburnum opulus), Bear Berry Ginseng (Panax quinquefolium), Dandelion (Taraxacum (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi), Sheep Laurel (Kalmia dens-leonis), Lobelia (Lobelia inflata), Wintergreen augustifolia), which, with its beautiful and showy pink (Gaultheria procumbent), Bearberry (Arctostaphylos uva- flowers, is very abundant at Thunder Bay, Trailing Red ursi), Prince’s Pine (Chimaphila umbellata), Spice Bush Cedar (Juniperus Virginiana var. humilis), Juniper (Benzoin odoriferum), Pleurisy Root (Asclepias (Juniperus communis), American Yew (Taxus baccata tuberosa), Buckbean (Menyanthes trifoliata), Sassafras var. Canadensis). Of herbaceous plants attractive far (Sassafras officinale), Hops (Humulus lupulus), Slippery the beauty of their flowers or the peculiarity of their Elm (Ulmus fulva), Juniper (Juniperus communis), Sweet foliage may be mentioned the Wild Columbine (Aquilegia Flag (Acorns calamus) Wild Turnip (Arisama triphyllum), Canadensis), more desirable than the foreign species, Columbo (Frasera carolinensis), which is different from White Pond Lily (Nymphœa odorata) the various species the imported Columbo, Prickly Ash (Zanthoxylum of Violets, American Pitcher Plant (Sarracenia purpurea), Americanum), Agrimony (Agrimonia eupatoria), Fever Dodder (Cuscuta Gronovii), Sundew (Drosera Root (Triosteum perfoliatum), Black Alder (Ilex rotundifolia), Fringed Polygala (Polygala paucifolia), Wild verticillata), Culver’s Physic (Veronica Virginica), Lupine (Lupinus perennis), Goat’s Rue (Tephrosa Pennyroyal (Hedeoma pulegioides), Dogbane Virginiana), Silver Weed (Potentilla anserina), Great (Apocynum androsœmifolium), Wild Ginger (Asarum Willow Herb (Epilobium augustifolium), Evening Canadense), Pokeweed (Phytolacca decandra), Brake Primrose (Œnothera biennis), Wild Valerian (Valeriana

First Biennial Report of the Progress of the Geological Survey of Michigan - Botany – Page 36 of 39 sylvatica), Blazing Star (Liatris spicata), Silky and Azure strictly Atlantic coast species, also, reappear in our Asters (Aster sericeus and A. azureus), Compass Plant State, mostly on a higher parallel than in their eastern and Prairie Dock (Silphium laciniatum and S. habitat. Such are Desmodium lœvigatum (Wright), D. terebinthinaceum), Cardinal flower (Lobelia cardinalis), strictum (Wright), Coreopsis trichosperma (Wright); Syphilitic Lobelia (Lobelia syphilitica), Painted Cup Utricularia purpurea (Wright), Acnida cannabina Castilleia coccinea), Hairy Puccoon (Lithospermum (Wright), Bartonia tenella (Wright), Smilax tamnifolia— hirtum), Moss Pink (Phlox subulata), Fringed and White though the appended authorities in these lists show that Gentians (Gentiana crinita and G. Alba), Pleurisy Root I have not generally verified the identifications. It would (Asclepias tuberosa), Flowering Spurge (Euphorbia seem then that the isofloral lines, like the isothermal corollata) Showy Orchis (Orchis spectabilis), Large ones, are, in their westward prolongation, deflected Round-leaved Orchis (Platanthera orbiculata), Yellow somewhat toward the north, though the deflection is Fringed Orchis (P. ciliaris), Large Purple Fringed Orchis considerably more in the former than the latter. (P. flimbriata), Grass Pink (Calopogon pulchellus), The following is a list of the species which have not been Showy Lady’s Slipper (Cypripedium spectabile), Turk’s observed south of the mouth of the Saginaw river. It Cap Lily (Lilium superbum), Spiderwort (Tradescantia cannot by any means be asserted, however, that none of Virginica) and Maiden’s Hair Fern (Adiantum pedatum). these occur in the more southern counties, though very Among climbing and trailing plants may be mentioned, few, if any, will be discovered as far south as Ann Arbor: besides our native grapes and the trailing Bearberry, Red Cedar and Yew, our far famed American Ivy (Ampelopsis quinquefolia), our Virgin’s Bower (Clematis List of Native Plants not observed south of the Virginiana), the Climbing Bitter mouth of Saginaw river. Sweet (Celastrus scandens), and a delicate herbaceous Anemone multifida, Amelanchier Canadensis, vine, Climbing Fumitory (Adlumia cirrhosa) seen only on Corydalis aurea, vars. botryapium & Middle Island of Lake Huron. “ glauca, alnifolia, Sisymbrium arabidoides, Epilobium palustre, var. The Floras of the various sections of the peninsula are Turritis glabra, liniare, not yet sufficiently made known to justify any extended “ stricta, Ribes lacustre, discussion of the geographical distribution of the Barbarea vulgaris, “ prostratum, species. Such facts as have been collected, however, Sisymbrium canescens, Lonicera parviflora, foreshadow the nature of some general conclusions to Cakile Americana, “ hirsuta, which even now a brief reference may be made. Viola rotundifolia, “ ciliata, A large proportion of all our species are generally Hudsonia tomentosa, Nardosmia palmata, distributed, but the northern half of the peninsula Drosera rotundifolia, Aster simplex, receives a very considerable number of characteristic Geranium Robertianum, Solidago puberula, northern types. There is no definite line separating the Acer Pennsylvanicum, “ stricta, boreal types from the austral, but in traveling northward Acer spicatum, “ Houghtonii, we find a continual accession of forms more and more Rubus Nutkanus, Coreopsis lanceolata, exclusively northern, until in the extreme northern limit of Pyrus Americana, Tanacetum Huronense, the district under consideration we find ourselves for the var. gnaphalodes, Artemesia Canadensis, first time within the range of such species as Primula “ Ludoviciana, farinosa, Mimulus Jamesii, Veronica alpine, Triglochin Antennaria Margaritacea, var. elatum, maritimum, var. elatum, Calypso borealis, Tofieldia Cirsium Pitcheri, Goodyera repens, glutinosa, &c. A few species in that part of the district “ undulatum, Calypso borealis, are almost or quite restricted to the White Mountains in Hieracium Canadense, Tipularia discolor, their eastward distribution, while most of the others Chiogenes hispidula, Corallorhisa Macræi, which characterize the northern district occur also in Kalmia angustifolia, Iris lacustris, New York and Pennsylvania, and extend southward “ glauca, Trillium erythrocarpum, along the Alleghanies. It is worthy of particular remark Ledum latifolium, Smilacina trifolia, that many of the species of Pennsylvania and New York Pterospora Andromeda, Streptopus roseus, are found in Michigan in a latitude considerably higher; Primula farinosa, Tofieldia glutinosa, while, in accordance with this fact, several of the species Mimulus Jamesii, Luzula pilosa, whose northern limit is in Ohio are found, further west, to Veronica Alpina, Juncus filiformis, have extended up into Michigan. The following are Gerardia aspera, “ Balticus, examples of species which, on a more easterly meridian, Halenia deflexa, “ articulates, are not known to range as far north as our State: Silene var. linearis, “ nodosus, Pennsylvanica (Wright), Lespedeza repens (Wright), Blitum capitatum, Eleocharis rostellata, Cercis Canadensis, Agrimonia parviflora (Miss Clark), Polygonum articulatum, “ intermedia, Liatris squarrosa, Rudbeckia speciosa, R. fulgida (Miss “ cilinode, Carex gynocrates, Clark), Vaccinium vacillans, Scutellaria integrifolia Rumex altissimus, “ scirpoidea, (Wright), Gentiana ochroleuca (Miss Clark). A few more “ salicifolius, “ trisperma, First Biennial Report of the Progress of the Geological Survey of Michigan - Botany – Page 37 of 39 Corylus rostrata, “ Crawei, small islands in Saginaw Bay, lying near the east shore. Betula papyracea, “ Œderi, The following species were noted at these two localities. Betula lenta, “ grisea, Alnus incana, “ aristata, 1.—Vegetation of Stone Island, Saginaw Bay. Populus balsamifera, Zizania aquatica, Pinus Banksiana, Calamagrostis arenaria, Pinus Strobus, Thuja occidentals, Tilia Americana, Pteris “ resinosa, Oryzopsis asperifolia, aquilina, Geranium Robertianum, Actæa spicata, Trillium Abies Fraseri, Poa serotina, erectum, Smilacina bifolia, Ribes cynosbati, Galium “ alba, Triticum dasystachyum, ciræzans, Cratægus coccinea — ? Rhus glabra, R. Juniperus Virginiana, Elymus mollis, Toxicodendron, Zanthoxylum Americanum, Rhus var. humilis, Aira caespitosa, typhina, Erigeron Philadelphicum, Aquilegia Canadensis, Taxus baccata, var. Trisetum subspicatum, Sassafras officinale, Vitis cordifolia, Quercus tinctoria, Canadensis Equisetum sylvaticum, Smilax — ? Geranium maculatum, Prunus —, Achillea Potamogston pectinatus, “ scirpoides, millefolium, Viola cucullata, Eupatorium perforaliatum, “ prælongas, Allosorus atropurpureus, Anemone Pennsylvanica, Fragaria Virginiana, Rubus Triglochin maritimum, Asplenium Ruta-muraria, (small vine), Galium trifidum, Ranunculus abortivus, Erigeron Philadelphicum, Rubus villosus, Podophyllum Asplenium Trichomances, var. Bigelovii, peltatum, Sanicula Canadensis, Ribes floridum, Woodsia Ilvensis, Lycopodium annotinum, Carpinus Americana, Hypoxys erecta, Cratægus Cystopteris fragilis, “ complanatum. tomentosa, var. mollis, Potentilla Canadensis, Acer Lycopodium inundatum, saccharinum, Acer nigrum, Potentilla anserine, Castilleia Future observations will undoubtedly greatly reduce the coccinea, Apocynum androsæmifolium, Rosa blanda, foregoing list, as well as the following: Calystegia spithamæa, Nabalus —, Iris versicolor, Polygala senega, Brunella vulgaris, Stellaria longifolia, Turritis stricta, Heracleum lanatnm, Thalictrum cornuti, List of native Plants seen only on the southwestern Cornus stolonifera, Cornus paniculate, Linaria slope of this Peninsula. Canadensis, Cypripedium pubescens, Antennaria Amorpha canescens, Bartonia tenella, plantaginifolia. Desmodium canescens, Bœhmeria cylindrica, Lespedeza violacea, Celtis occidentalis, 2.—Flora of Drummond’s Island. var. augustifolia, var. crassifolia, Lespedeza hirta, Triglochin palustre, Cirsium undulatum, Lonicera parviflora, Platanthera Ludwigia alternifolia, Scheuchzeria palustris, orbiculata, Abies alba, Aetna spicata, var. alba, Castilleia Chrysoplenium Sagittaria pusilla, coccinea, Lycopodium clavatum, Platanthera dilatata, Americanum, Gymnadenia tridentata, Hypericum prolificum, Brunella vulgaris, (a variety with Hydrocotyle umbellata, Spiranthes gracilis, white corolla,) Eupatorium perfoliatum, Calamintha Eryngium yuccæfolium, Pogonia ophioglossoides, glabella, var. Nutallii, Usnea barbata, Parnassia Thaspium barbinode, “ pendula, palustris, Lycopus Europæus, var. sinuatus, “ trifoliatum, Microstylis Arctostaphylos Uva-ursi, Primula farinosa, Solidago Vernonia fasciculata, ophioglossoides, Houghtonii, Solidago stricta, Platanthera psycodes, Liatris spicata, Liparis liliifolia, Spiranthea latifolia, Eleocharis rostellata, Pteria aquilina, Solidago ulmifolia, Zygadenus glaucus, Campanula rotundifolia, very abundant, Juncus Silphiura laciniatum, Commelyna Virginica, articulatus, Anemone Virginiana, Botrychium Virginicum, “ integrifolium, Eriocaulon septangulare, Alnus incana, abundant, Spiræa opulifolia, common, Echinacea purpurea, Cyperus strigosus, Rosa lucida, Thuja occidentalis, Larix Americana, Abies Helianthus occidentalis, “ phymatodes, balsamea, Pinna resinosa, Acer saccharinum, Fagus Hieracium Gronovii, Hemicarpha subsquarrosa, fenruginea, Populus tremuloides, Clintonia borealis, Lysimachia lanceolata, Eleocharis acicularis, Quercus rubra, Corydalis aurea, Cornus stolonifera, var. hybrida, Fimbristylis spadicea, Fragaria Virginiana, Cornus circinata, Betula papyracea, Mimulus alatus, Agrostis scabra, Epilobium angustifolium, Geranium Carolinianum, Blitum Veronica anagallis, Muhlenbergia glomerata, capitatum, Polygonum cilinode, Pinus strobus, Acer Buchnera Americana, Stipa avenacea, spicatum, Acer Pennsylvanicum, Rubus triflorus, Taxus Gerardia auriculata, Tricuspis seslerioides, baccata, var. Canadensis, Aralia nudicaulis, Diervilla Scutellaria pilosa, Glyceria Canadensis, trifida, Cornus Canadensis, Chimaphila, umbellata, Rhus Cuscuta Gronovii, Panicum filiforme, toxicodendron, Rumex acetosella, Amelanchier Canadensis, Corydalis glauca, Rosa blanda, Salix Cenchrus tribuloides, Aspidium Noveboracense. Candida, Salix lucida, Epilobium coloratum, Potentilla Asplenium augustifolium, fruticosa, Salix pedicellaris, Smilacina racemosa, At Stone island and Drummond’s island some pains Lonicera hirsuta, Physalis viscosa, Ribes facustris, were taken to make out pretty extended lists of the Lycopodium inundatum, Lycopodium lucidulum, plants noticed. Stone island is the middle one of three Melampyrum Americanum, Œnothera biennis, Achillea First Biennial Report of the Progress of the Geological Survey of Michigan - Botany – Page 38 of 39 millefolium, Geum strictum, Lonicera parviflora, Ostrya Virginica, Tilia Americana, Erigeron Canadense, Symphoricarpus racemosus, Sambucus pubens, Chenopodium hybridum, Aster cordifolius, Potentilla Norvegica, Blephilia ciliata, Ulmus Americana, Sanicula Marilandica, Anemone multifida, Prunus Virginiana, Fraxinus Americana, Betula lenta, Prunus pumila, Cornus Canadensis, Linnæa borealis, Abies nigra, Juniperus communis, Juniperus Virginiana, var. humilis, Populus balsamifera, Gaylussacia resinosa, Spirea salicifolia, Comandra umbellata, Triglochin maritimum, var. elatum, Viola cucullata, Brunella vulgaris, Senecio aureus, var. balsamitæ, Polygala senega, Iris lacustris, Potentilla anserina, Ribes hirtellum, Eupatorium purpureum, Tofieldia glutinosa, Lilium Philadelphicum, Antennaria margaritacea, Zanthoxylum Americanum, Anemone Pennsylvanica, Ribes hirtellum, Vitis cordifeiia, Trillium grandiflorum, Elymus Canadensis, Corans circinata, Geranium Rebertianum, Salix humilis, Lathyrus palustris, Salix sericea, Juncus nodosus, Salix discolor, Salix eriocephala, Juncus Balticus, Equisetum sylvaticum, Equisetum variegatum, Carex granularis, Lobelia Kalmii, Carex eburnea, Solidago Canadensis, Solidago lanceolata, Carex grisea, var. mutica, Carex Œderi, Erigeron Philadelphicum, Polygala paucifolia, Cypripedium pubescens, Fraxinus pubescens, Hieracium Canadense, Hypericum Canadense, Solidago puberula, Solidago Ohioensis, Erigeron strigosum, Aster ericoides, Erigeron Canadense, Mulgedium leucophæum, Nepeta cataria, Rumex crispus, Aralia racemosa, Actæ spicata, Aster — ? Naumburgia thyrsiflora, Aster ptarmicoides, Abies Canadensis, Populus grandidentata, Lappa major, Aster cordifolius, Abies balsamea, Pyrola elliptica, Coreopsis lanceolata, Lathyrus maritimus, Lycopodium clavatum, Apocynum androsæmifolium, Aster sagittifolius, Equisetum hyemale, Equisetum arvense, Pteris aquilina, Sanguinaria Canadensis, Corylus rostrata, Cirsium muticum, Pastinaca sativa, Galeopsis Tetrahit, Stellaria longifolia, Mentha Canadensis, Eupatorium perfoliatum, Ribes floridam, Populus dilatatus, Lathyrus palustris, Gentiana detonsa, Solidago nemoralis, Cystopteris fragilis, Ranunculus abortivus, Artemisia Canadensis, Campanula aparinoides, Polypodium vulgare. Total observed, 189 species.

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