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Íslenska Wikipedia Greining Á Þróun Íslenska Wikipedia Greining á þróun Hrafn H. Malmquist Lokaverkefni til MLIS–gráðu í bókasafns- og upplýsingafræði Félagsvísindasvið Íslenska Wikipedia Greining á þróun Hrafn H. Malmquist Lokaverkefni til MLIS–gráðu í bókasafns- og upplýsingafræði Leiðbeinendur: Dr. Jóhanna Gunnlaugsdóttir og Salvör K. Gissurardóttir Félags- og mannvísindadeild Félagsvísindasvið Háskóla Íslands Febrúar 2013 Ritgerð þessi er lokaverkefni til MLIS–gráðu í bókasafns- og upplýsingafræði og er óheimilt að afrita ritgerðina á nokkurn hátt nema með leyfi rétthafa. © Hrafn H. Malmquist 2013 Reykjavík, Ísland 2013 Útdráttur Markmið þessarar rannsóknar var að bera kennsl á þróun íslensku Wikipediunnar að gerð og umfangi. Notuð var blönduð aðferðafræði. Í megindlega hluta rannsóknarinnar eru dönsku og færeysku Wikipediurnar notaðar sem viðmið fyrir þá íslensku. Til þess að framkvæma rannsóknina var notast við WikiDAT-hugbúnað sem var þróaður gagngert af Dr. Felipe Ortega til þess að framkvæma slíkar greiningar. Gildi rannsóknarinnar felst m.a. í því að slík rannsókn hefur ekki verið gerð áður á þessum Wikipedium. Meðal þess sem athugað var er þróun stærðar Wikipedianna yfir tíma, uppbygging Wikipedianna, dreifing á framlögum notenda og sá tími sem notendur eru virkir á. Einnig voru tekin tölvupóstviðtöl við átta notendur íslensku Wikipediu sem voru eða höfðu verið mjög virkir notendur á tímabili. Spurt var um hvaða augum þeir litu þátttöku sína og hvers vegna þeir tækju þátt. Niðurstaðan er sú að það hægir á vexti íslensku Wikipediu, án þess að orsök þess liggi fyrir og að uppbygging Wikipedianna sé breytileg. Þá er ljóst að fámennur hópur mjög virkra notenda stendur að baki mestri vinnu á íslensku Wikipediu og að flestir nýjir notendur hætti fljótt afskiptum. Þessi hópur mjög virkra notenda virðist taka þátt bæði af hugmyndafræðilegum ástæðum en einnig sjálfum sér til gamans. Abstract The purpose of this study was to identify key quantitative features of the Icelandic Wikipedia. The Danish and Faroese Wikipedias were used for comparison. Customised software, WikiDAT, designed by Dr. Felipe Ortega, for such research, was used to carry out the study. Comparative research about the Icelandic Wikipedia has not been done before. The variables under study included the size of the Wikipedias, measured in number of articles, over time, the composition of each Wikipedia, the distribution of user edits and the timespan that users are active. Additionally, interviews were conducted using email with eight users of the Icelandic Wikipedia that either were relatively active or had been at some point. They were asked about their role in Wikipedia and what their reason for participating was. The results indicate that the growth of the Icelandic Wikipedia is slowing down for indeterminate reasons and that the composition of the three Wikipedias under study varies. A relatively small group, or core, of very active users contribute a disproportionate amount of material and most newcomers stay for a very short time. This core group of very active users seems to be motivated both by ideological reasons as well as recreational ones. Formáli Þessi lokaritgerð er 30 eininga rannsóknarverkefni til MLIS gráðu í bókasafns- og upplýsingafræði við Félags- og mannvísindadeild Háskóla Íslands. Ritgerðin fjallar um íslensku Wikipediu og er unnin undir handleiðslu dr. Jóhönnu Gunnlaugsdóttur og Salvarar K. Gissurardóttur. Báðar veittu þær mér góðan stuðning og ráðgjöf við skrif ritgerðarinnar og kann ég þeim bestu þakkir fyrir. Dr. Felipe Ortega, við Jóhann Karlsháskóla í Madrid, færi ég sömuleiðis bestu þakkir fyrir að hafa skrifað WikiDAT hugbúnaðinn sem var notaður við megindlega hluta rannsóknarinnar og gera hann öðrum aðgengilegan til notkunar. Dr. Ortega tók vel í umleitan mína um að framkvæma rannsókn með WikiDAT og svaraði ávallt fyrirspurnum mínum og sýndi vinnu minni áhuga. Það er til marks um hverfulleika upplýsinga á gervihnattaöld að sumar af þeim upplýsingum sem vísað er í í ritgerðinni eru þegar orðnar úreltar, áður en ritgerðin er tilbúin. Ég vil þakka Andreu J. Ólafsdóttur, sambýliskonu minni, fyrir stuðning á meðan skrifum stóð, börnum mínum Boga og Lísu Bríeti og stjúpsyni mínum Atla, foreldrum mínum Helgu og Hilmari fyrir allt það sem þau hafa fyrir mig gert, bróður mínum Húna, vinum og vandamönnum nær og fjær og síðast en ekki síst öllum þeim sem lagt hafa hönd á plóg við uppbyggingu Wikipediu. Þessi ritgerð markar endalokin á áralöngum skólaferli mínum. Reykjavík, janúar 2013 Hrafn H. Malmquist Efnisyfirlit Töflur .......................................................................................................................................... 8 Myndir ........................................................................................................................................ 8 1. Inngangur ........................................................................................................................... 9 2. Uppruni alfræðinnar ......................................................................................................... 12 2.1. Hugmyndafræðin til grundvallar Wikipediu .............................................................. 14 2.1.1. Gagnrýnar kenningar um Wikipediu ............................................................... 15 2.2. Hvati til þátttöku ........................................................................................................ 16 3. Forsaga Wikipediu ............................................................................................................ 19 3.1. Frjáls hugbúnaður ...................................................................................................... 20 3.2. Bomis og Nupedia ...................................................................................................... 21 3.3. Wiki-kerfi Cunninghams ............................................................................................ 22 3.4. Viðurkenning.............................................................................................................. 22 4. Áreiðanleiki Wikipediu ..................................................................................................... 24 4.1. John Seigenthaler-atvikið .......................................................................................... 25 4.2. Samanburður Nature á Britannica og Wikipedia ....................................................... 26 4.3. Essjay-hneykslið ......................................................................................................... 26 5. Tölvu- og netnotkun ......................................................................................................... 28 5.1. Tölvu- og netnotkun á Íslandi .................................................................................... 28 6. Vinsældir Wikipediu ......................................................................................................... 30 6.1. Systurverkefni Wikipediu ........................................................................................... 31 6.2. Aðrar Wiki-síður ......................................................................................................... 32 7. Íslenska Wikipedia ............................................................................................................ 34 7.1. Umfjöllun ................................................................................................................... 36 7.2. Þróun ......................................................................................................................... 37 7.3. Forsíðan ..................................................................................................................... 38 7.4. Nafnarými .................................................................................................................. 40 7.4.1. Breytingar ....................................................................................................... 41 7.4.2. Greinar ............................................................................................................ 43 7.4.3. Spjall ................................................................................................................ 46 7.4.4. Notendur......................................................................................................... 47 7.4.5. Wikipedia ........................................................................................................ 50 7.4.6. Mynd ............................................................................................................... 51 7.4.7. Melding ........................................................................................................... 52 7.4.8. Snið ................................................................................................................. 53 7.4.9. Hjálp ................................................................................................................ 53 7.4.10. Flokkar ............................................................................................................ 54 7.4.11. Gátt ................................................................................................................. 55 7.4.12. Kerfissíða ......................................................................................................... 55 7.4.13. Miðill ............................................................................................................... 57 7.5. Wiki-umvafsmálið
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