DOCSLIB.ORG

Lithium Stearate

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Lithium Stearate LITHIUM STEARATE Bisley International LLC Chemwatch Hazard Alert Code: 1 Chemwatch: 35053 Issue Date: 27/06/2017 Version No: 5.1.1.1 Print Date: 15/03/2021 Safety Data Sheet according to OSHA HazCom Standard (2012) requirements S.GHS.USA.EN SECTION 1 Identification Product Identifier Product name LITHIUM STEARATE Chemical Name lithium stearate Synonyms C18-H35-O2.Li; stearic acid, lithium salt; lithium octadecanoate; octadecanoic acid, lithium salt; Lithalure; Litholite; Stavinor Chemical formula C18H36O2.Li Other means of identification Not Available CAS number 4485-12-5 Recommended use of the chemical and restrictions on use Thickening agent for lubricating oil. Lubricating greases are solid or semi-solid materials made by thickening lubricating oils with soaps. The soaps are formed in-situ in the Relevant identified uses lubricating oil, containing hydrocarbon chains of 9 to 22 atoms, by the chemical reaction of an alkali and the respective fatty acid. Corrosion inhibitor in petroleum; gelling agent in waxes, greases, cosmetics, plastics; powder metallurgy lubricant; flatting agent in varnishes and lubricants; high temperature lubricant. Name, address, and telephone number of the chemical manufacturer, importer, or other responsible party Registered company name Bisley International LLC Address 1790 Hughes Landing Boulevard Suite 400 The Woodlands TX 77380 United States Telephone +1 (844) 424 7539 Fax Not Available Website www.bisley.biz Email [email protected] Emergency phone number Association / Organisation Bisley International LLC CHEMWATCH EMERGENCY RESPONSE Emergency telephone +1 855 237 5573 +61 2 9186 1132 numbers Other emergency telephone +61 2 9186 1132 +1 855-237-5573 numbers Once connected and if the message is not in your prefered language then please dial 01 Una vez conectado y si el mensaje no está en su idioma preferido, por favor marque 02 SECTION 2 Hazard(s) identification Classification of the substance or mixture Considered a Hazardous Substance by the 2012 OSHA Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200). Not classified as Dangerous Goods for transport purposes. NFPA 704 diamond Note: The hazard category numbers found in GHS classification in section 2 of this SDSs are NOT to be used to fill in the NFPA 704 diamond. Blue = Health Red = Fire Yellow = Reactivity White = Special (Oxidizer or water reactive substances) Classification Eye Irritation Category 2B Label elements Hazard pictogram(s) Not Applicable Page 1 continued... Chemwatch: 35053 Page 2 of 8 Issue Date: 27/06/2017 Version No: 5.1.1.1 LITHIUM STEARATE Print Date: 15/03/2021 Signal word Warning Hazard statement(s) H320 Causes eye irritation. Hazard(s) not otherwise classified Not Applicable Precautionary statement(s) Prevention P264 Wash all exposed external body areas thoroughly after handling. Precautionary statement(s) Response P305+P351+P338 IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. P337+P313 If eye irritation persists: Get medical advice/attention. Precautionary statement(s) Storage Not Applicable Precautionary statement(s) Disposal Not Applicable SECTION 3 Composition / information on ingredients Substances CAS No %[weight] Name 4485-12-5 >98 lithium stearate Mixtures See section above for composition of Substances SECTION 4 First-aid measures Description of first aid measures If this product comes in contact with the eyes: Wash out immediately with fresh running water. Ensure complete irrigation of the eye by keeping eyelids apart and away from eye and moving the eyelids by occasionally lifting the upper Eye Contact and lower lids. Seek medical attention without delay; if pain persists or recurs seek medical attention. Removal of contact lenses after an eye injury should only be undertaken by skilled personnel. If skin contact occurs: Immediately remove all contaminated clothing, including footwear. Skin Contact Flush skin and hair with running water (and soap if available). Seek medical attention in event of irritation. If dust is inhaled, remove from contaminated area. Inhalation Encourage patient to blow nose to ensure clear passage of breathing. If irritation or discomfort persists seek medical attention. If swallowed do NOT induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain open airway and prevent aspiration. Observe the patient carefully. Ingestion Never give liquid to a person showing signs of being sleepy or with reduced awareness; i.e. becoming unconscious. Give water to rinse out mouth, then provide liquid slowly and as much as casualty can comfortably drink. Seek medical advice. Most important symptoms and effects, both acute and delayed See Section 11 Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed Treat symptomatically. Clinical effects of lithium intoxication appear to relate to duration of exposure as well as to level. Lithium produces a generalised slowing of the electroencephalogram; the anion gap may increase in severe cases. Emesis (or lavage if the patient is obtunded or convulsing) is indicated for ingestions exceeding 40 mg (Li)/Kg. Overdose may delay absorption; decontamination measures may be more effective several hours after cathartics. Charcoal is not useful. No clinical data are available to guide the administration of catharsis. Haemodialysis significantly increases lithium clearance; indications for haemodialysis include patients with serum levels above 4 meq/L. There are no antidotes. [Ellenhorn and Barceloux: Medical Toxicology] SECTION 5 Fire-fighting measures Extinguishing media Continued... Chemwatch: 35053 Page 3 of 8 Issue Date: 27/06/2017 Version No: 5.1.1.1 LITHIUM STEARATE Print Date: 15/03/2021 Foam. Dry chemical powder. BCF (where regulations permit). Carbon dioxide. Special hazards arising from the substrate or mixture Fire Incompatibility Avoid contamination with oxidising agents i.e. nitrates, oxidising acids, chlorine bleaches, pool chlorine etc. as ignition may result Special protective equipment and precautions for fire-fighters Alert Fire Brigade and tell them location and nature of hazard. Wear breathing apparatus plus protective gloves. Fire Fighting Prevent, by any means available, spillage from entering drains or water courses. Use water delivered as a fine spray to control fire and cool adjacent area. Combustible solid which burns but propagates flame with difficulty; it is estimated that most organic dusts are combustible (circa 70%) - according to the circumstances under which the combustion process occurs, such materials may cause fires and / or dust explosions. Organic powders when finely divided over a range of concentrations regardless of particulate size or shape and suspended in air or some other oxidizing medium may form explosive dust-air mixtures and result in a fire or dust explosion (including secondary explosions). Avoid generating dust, particularly clouds of dust in a confined or unventilated space as dusts may form an explosive mixture with air, and any source of ignition, i.e. flame or spark, will cause fire or explosion. Dust clouds generated by the fine grinding of the solid are a particular hazard; accumulations of fine dust (420 micron or less) may burn rapidly and fiercely if ignited - particles exceeding this limit will generally not form flammable dust clouds; once initiated, however, larger particles up to 1400 microns diameter will contribute to the propagation of an Fire/Explosion Hazard explosion. Combustion products include: carbon monoxide (CO) carbon dioxide (CO2) metal oxides other pyrolysis products typical of burning organic material. May emit poisonous fumes. May emit corrosive fumes. acrolein SECTION 6 Accidental release measures Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures See section 8 Environmental precautions See section 12 Methods and material for containment and cleaning up Remove all ignition sources. Clean up all spills immediately. Minor Spills Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Control personal contact with the substance, by using protective equipment. Moderate hazard. CAUTION: Advise personnel in area. Major Spills Alert Emergency Services and tell them location and nature of hazard. Control personal contact by wearing protective clothing. Personal Protective Equipment advice is contained in Section 8 of the SDS. SECTION 7 Handling and storage Precautions for safe handling Avoid all personal contact, including inhalation. Wear protective clothing when risk of exposure occurs. Use in a well-ventilated area. Prevent concentration in hollows and sumps. Safe handling Organic powders when finely divided over a range of concentrations regardless of particulate size or shape and suspended in air or some other oxidizing medium may form explosive dust-air mixtures and result in a fire or dust explosion (including secondary explosions) Minimise airborne dust and eliminate all ignition sources. Keep away from heat, hot surfaces, sparks, and flame. Establish good housekeeping practices. Remove dust accumulations on a regular basis by vacuuming or gentle sweeping to avoid creating dust clouds. Store in original containers. Keep containers securely sealed. Other information Store in a cool, dry area protected from environmental extremes. Store away from incompatible materials and foodstuff containers. Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities Glass container is suitable for laboratory quantities Suitable container
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Global Lithium Sources—Industrial Use and Future in the Electric Vehicle Industry: a Review
    resources Review Global Lithium Sources—Industrial Use and Future in the Electric Vehicle Industry: A Review Laurence Kavanagh * , Jerome Keohane, Guiomar Garcia Cabellos, Andrew Lloyd and John Cleary EnviroCORE, Department of Science and Health, Institute of Technology Carlow, Kilkenny, Road, Co., R93-V960 Carlow, Ireland; [email protected] (J.K.); [email protected] (G.G.C.); [email protected] (A.L.); [email protected] (J.C.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 28 July 2018; Accepted: 11 September 2018; Published: 17 September 2018 Abstract: Lithium is a key component in green energy storage technologies and is rapidly becoming a metal of crucial importance to the European Union. The different industrial uses of lithium are discussed in this review along with a compilation of the locations of the main geological sources of lithium. An emphasis is placed on lithium’s use in lithium ion batteries and their use in the electric vehicle industry. The electric vehicle market is driving new demand for lithium resources. The expected scale-up in this sector will put pressure on current lithium supplies. The European Union has a burgeoning demand for lithium and is the second largest consumer of lithium resources. Currently, only 1–2% of worldwide lithium is produced in the European Union (Portugal). There are several lithium mineralisations scattered across Europe, the majority of which are currently undergoing mining feasibility studies. The increasing cost of lithium is driving a new global mining boom and should see many of Europe’s mineralisation’s becoming economic. The information given in this paper is a source of contextual information that can be used to support the European Union’s drive towards a low carbon economy and to develop the field of research.
    [Show full text]
  • Sampling & Assaying Expl Prog Pakeagama Lk Area Rare
    53C11SW2005 2.23023 PAKEAGAMA LAKE 010 SAMPLING AND ASSAYING EXPLORATION PROGRAMME on the PAKEAGAMA LAKE RARE EARTH PEGMATITE Red Lake Mining Division NTS 53C/1 i (52"36*30"N: 93*24© Wi. Ontario for Houston Lake Mining Inc. RECEIVED FEB 202002 GEOSCIENCE ASSESSMENT OFFICE K ft-W- R. Ken Gcrmundsom PhD in Geology February 18, 2001 Member: Association of Geoscientists of Ontario E. Gravme Anthony, BSc in Geology P. Geo., J. G. A, C., M. B. A., President of Houston Lake Mining Inc. TABLE OF CONTENTS SUMMARY 1 INTRODUCTION AND TERMS OF REFERENCE 5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 5 PROPERTY DESCRIPTION, LOCATION AND ACCESSIBILITY 8 MINING CLAIMS SUMMARY 9 CLIMATE, LOCAL RESOURCES AND PHYSIOGRAPHY 11 HISTORY 12 GEOLOGICAL SETTING 13 REGIONAL GEOLOGY 13 PAKEAGAMA LAKE PLUTON 15 HOLMQUISTITE GRANITE 15 PAKEAGAMA LAKE PEGMATITE 17 Wall Zone 17 North Wall Zone 19 South Wall zone 19 Core Zone 19 Stacked Aplite Zone 20 K-Feldspar-Spodumene-Quartz Zone 20 Aplite Dikes 21 DEPOSIT TYPES 22 Rare Element Pegmatites 23 Internal Structure of Pegmatites 26 Mineral indicators of Rare Metal Mineralization 26 Geochemical Trends 27 Ore Deposits 27 MINERALIZATION 29 EXPLORATION 31 North Wall Zone 32 South Wall Zone 37 Core Zone 38 Stacked Aplite Zone 39 K-Feldspar-Spodumene-Quartz Zone 42 Aplite Dikes 42 Holmquistite Granite 43 INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS 45 RECOMMENDATIONS 47 PROPOSED BUDGET FOR 2002 48 ASSESSMENT EXPENSES 49 APPENDIX 50 Metals in the Pakeagama Lake Pegmatite 51 Tantalum 51 Niobium 54 Gallium 55 Rubidium 56 Cesium 57 Lithium 58 Germanium 59 Tin 59 Beryllium
    [Show full text]
  • Grease Chemistry: THICKENER STRUCTURE the Thickener Largely Determines the Grease Properties
    WEBINARS Jeanna Van Rensselar / Senior Feature Writer Grease chemistry: THICKENER STRUCTURE The thickener largely determines the grease properties. © Can Stock Photo / Morphart and © Can Stock Photo / urfingus Photo Stock / Morphart and © Can Photo Stock © Can GREASE WAS FIRST USED ON CHARIOT AXLES MORE THAN 3,000 YEARS AGO. Today more than 80% of bearings are lubricated with grease. Lithium soap greases, the most prevalent, were introduced in the early 1940s. Lithium complex greases, introduced in the 1960s, are becoming the most prevalent in North America. 26 Satellites are why TV and other signals are no longer blocked. With so many satellites in orbit, even MEET THE PRESENTER This article is based on a Webinar originally presented by STLE Education on Sept. 16, 2015. Grease Chemistry: Thickener Structure is available at www.stle.org: $39 to STLE members, $59 for all others. Paul Shiller received his doctorate in physical chemistry from Case Western Reserve University in Cleve- land, studying the surface reactions at fuel cell electrodes. He holds a master’s of science degree in chemical engineering also from Case Western Reserve University, where he studied the characteristics of diamond-like films. Shiller holds a master’s of science degree in chemistry studying the spectro-electrochemistry of sur- face reactions, and he received a bachelor’s of engineering degree in chemical engineering from Youngstown State University. Shiller joined The Timken Co. as a product development specialist for lubricants and lubrication in 2004. He then became a tribological specialist with the Tribology Fundamentals Group at the Timken Technology Center in North Canton, Ohio.
    [Show full text]
  • 32O 7– - Aprepared by Co-Saponfication 3Oo
    March 22, 1960 L. W. SPROULE ET AL PHYSICAL COMBINATION OF CALCIUM AND LITHIUM 2,929,782 HYDROXY STEARATES FOR FORMING GREASES Filed July 17, 1957 38O 360 340 MIXTURE 32O 7– - APREPARED BY CO-SAPONFICATION 3OO 4O 6O 8O IOO % LITHIUM SOAP 6O 40 2O % CACUM SOAP Lorne W. Sproule inventors Worren C. Pottenden By 3 oz. Sizzlace-é Attorney 2,929,782 United States Patent Office Patented Mar. 22, 1960 2 These greases are valued for their high dropping points. 2,929,782 Their water resistance leaves something to be desired, the PHYSICAL COMBINATION OF CALCUM AND conventional calcium greases usually giving better service LITHIUM HYDROXY SEARATES FOR FORM in the presence of water. In order to use a minimum NG GREASES 5 amount of thickener in a grease, the lithium soaps must be prepared at a temperature above 400 F. Lorne W. Sproule, Sarnia, Lambton, Ontario, and War ren C. Pattenden, Courtright, Lambton, Ontario, Can Ca 12-hydroxy stearate greases have also been dis ada, assignors to Essa Research and Engineering Comic closed in the art, and are valued because they do not have pany, a corporation of Delaware to be plasticized with water. Their dropping points, O however, do not exceed 290 F., and they must be pre Application July 17, 1957, Seria No. 672,432 pared at relatively low temperatures in the order of 275 F. It has also been found, and this is believed to be un 3 Claims. (C. 252-40) appreciative by the art, that calcium 12-hydroxy stearate greases are very water sensitive.
    [Show full text]
  • Three Properties of Lithium
    Three Properties Of Lithium Veinier and glabrate Thacher mongrelising her catenanes mutilates rhythmically or deterging harassingly, is Saunder monotheistical? Unbated Kaiser disbudded very cephalad while Lemuel remains inorganic and hot-short. Denotative Sheff humanising no McGonagall cross-pollinate gnostically after Philip springs forrader, quite heady. Current bursts needed to be sure to this incredible location and of three properties lithium This step Why Three explain The Lightest Elements Are So Forbes. For lithium, that means switching to diffusion. During a discharge cycle, lithium atoms in the anode are ionized and separated from their electrons. It is highly reactive and flammable, like other alkali metals. On reaching the cathode, the lithium ions embed themselves in its metal oxide structure, which simultaneously accepts electrons from the external circuit. The discovery of the elements IX Three alkali metals. Properties in which Lithium differ near the other member through its groups are 1 Lithium is harder while compare other alkali metals are soft. You have batteries in many of your toys. Lithium never occurs as stress free element, but first is prepare in minerals such as spodumene, petalite, and lepidolite. When new york, australia produce lithium atom of three properties lithium offers strategies to increase its superiority to consent. Gutmann Donor Number; however, violent lithium metal corrosion is a drawback. Hubei jusheng technology that it tried to experiment with navigation and manic depressives. You have installed an application that monitors or blocks cookies from my set. Look i a satellite gang of South America. Lithium salts are atomic number and bpe, such differences in published by some cryotechniques were all fairly similar chemical compounds.
    [Show full text]
  • EPA Screening-Level Hazard Characterization
    U.S. Environmental Protection Agency September, 2011 Hazard Characterization Document SCREENING-LEVEL HAZARD CHARACTERIZATION Lubricating Grease Thickeners Category (See Appendix for list of chemicals) The High Production Volume (HPV) Challenge Program1 was conceived as a voluntary initiative aimed at developing and making publicly available screening-level health and environmental effects information on chemicals manufactured in or imported into the United States in quantities greater than one million pounds per year. In the Challenge Program, producers and importers of HPV chemicals voluntarily sponsored chemicals; sponsorship entailed the identification and initial assessment of the adequacy of existing toxicity data/information, conducting new testing if adequate data did not exist, and making both new and existing data and information available to the public. Each complete data submission contains data on 18 internationally agreed to ―SIDS‖ (Screening Information Data Set1,2) endpoints that are screening-level indicators of potential hazards (toxicity) for humans or the environment. The Environmental Protection Agency’s Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics (OPPT) is evaluating the data submitted in the HPV Challenge Program on approximately 1400 sponsored chemicals by developing hazard characterizations (HCs). These HCs consist of an evaluation of the quality and completeness of the data set provided in the Challenge Program submissions. They are not intended to be definitive statements regarding the possibility of unreasonable risk of injury to health or the environment. The evaluation is performed according to established EPA guidance2,3 and is based primarily on hazard data provided by sponsors; however, in preparing the hazard characterization, EPA considered its own comments and public comments on the original submission as well as the sponsor’s responses to comments and revisions made to the submission.
    [Show full text]
  • High Production Volume (Hpv) Chemical Challenge Program
    Lubricating Grease Thickeners CAD Consortium Registration # 1100997 February 9, 2009 HIGH PRODUCTION VOLUME (HPV) CHEMICAL CHALLENGE PROGRAM Fatty Acids, Lithium & Calcium Salts used as Lubricating Grease Thickeners CATEGORY ANALYSIS AND HAZARD CHARACTERIZATION Submitted to the US EPA by The Petroleum HPV Testing Group www.petroleumhpv.org Consortium Registration # 1100997 1 Lubricating Grease Thickeners CAD Consortium Registration # 1100997 February 9, 2009 CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. DESCRIPTION OF GREASE THICKENERS CATEGORY................................................ 5 1.1. Composition and Structure ......................................................................................... 5 1.2. Typical Compositional Properties ............................................................................... 6 2. CATEGORY DEFINITION AND JUSTIFICATION .............................................................. 8 3. PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES ............................................................................ 10 3.1. Physical-Chemical Screening Information Data Set (SIDS) ..................................... 10 3.2. Assessment Summary for Physical-Chemical Endpoints ......................................... 12 4. ENVIRONMENTAL FATE ................................................................................................. 12 4.1. Environmental Fate Endpoints .................................................................................. 12 4.1.1. Photodegradation .........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • United States Patent Office Patented Nov
    2,911,369 United States Patent Office Patented Nov. 3, 1959 1. 2 3% to about 500%, or more, and preferably from about 2,911,369 5% to about 200% based on the soap content of the HGH TEMPERATURE GREASE CONTAINING grease, of a basic compound such as basic alkali metal EE METAL BASE AND SILICONE POLYMER compounds, basic alkaline earth compounds, and high O - - 5 boiling basic organic nitrogen compounds, such as ali phatic or aromatic amines boiling above about 250 F. Stephen J. Zajac, Whiting, and Reuben A. Swenson, Ham Examples of suitable basic compounds are sodium hy mond, Ind., assignors to Standard Oil Company, Chi droxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, lithium cago, Ill., a corporation of Indiana oxide, barium hydroxide, barium oxide, calcium hy No Drawing. Application December 28, 1956 O droxide, calcium oxide, triphenyl amine, octylamine, etc. Serial No. 631,072 The silicone oil polymer employed is suitably, a poly 11 Claims. (C. 252-40) . meric liquid compound having the general formula i. R. This invention relates to high temperature greases and 15 R-Si-O-S-R. more. particularly pertains to alkali metal and alkaline R2 R4 earth metal soap greases having high temperature stability in which R1, R2, R3, Ra, and R5 are the same or different characteristics and to the method of preparing such hydrocarbon radicals, such as alkyl, aryl, alkaryl or greases. aralkyl radicals and n is an integer greater than 1. De It is an object of the present invention to provide a 20 pending upon the extent of condensation or polymeri lubricating grease which is stable at high temperatures zation, the polymer products vary from relatively light with respect to consistency and which is resistant to leak liquids to solid resins.
    [Show full text]
  • Driving the Future Further
    ISSUE 1 November ThePowerof3 2015 Driving the future further Overview EVs – from In the latter part of the 20th on fossil fuels and radically reducing uniquity to century, silicon became an elemental carbon emissions in the process. ubiquity? game-changer, no more so than Lithium was first produced when, courtesy of Silicon Valley, it Even in 2012, the number of modern, commercially in 1923. Since then, helped revolutionise electronics and mass-produced, highway-capable EVs the element and its compounds computerisation, altering forever the already on the market was impressive. have become intrinsic to numerous ways in which we work, play and Now, evidence suggests that, in the years commercial applications, not least to come, universal uptake of EVs will communicate in our interconnected, the production of lithium-ion (Li-ion) depend less on their price and size and digital world. batteries. more on the performance of the batteries Now, in the 21st century, will lithium, that power them. Although Li-ion batteries do have the lightest and least dense metal in certain limitations, not least in terms Some manufacturers are still at the the periodic table (atomic number 3), starting line in terms of EV development, of safety and stability, three industry be the revolutionary element de jour? while others already have traction. groups in particular are driving the Commentators such as Vikram research and development of better Mansharamani of PBS News Hour battery technology: wonder whether lithium will ‘one day > electric vehicles (EVs) eclipse oil as a source of geopolitical > electronics, and and economic power’ and if, as a > the energy sector.
    [Show full text]
  • Lithium, World Survey of Production and Consumption with Special Reference to Future Demand and Prices
    GM 28572 LITHIUM, WORLD SURVEY OF PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO FUTURE DEMAND AND PRICES GROUPE MINIER/SULLIVAN/MINING GROUP tZ7 Montréal, le 11 janvier 1972. P,1:i: ;=:,re :les Richesses Naturelles, Québec SE ZVICE D LA ;CUPAEN•rATIJN TECHNIQUE Date:24 AVR 1973 Honorable J. Gilles Massé, Ministre ~S Département de's Richesses Naturelles, No GM: 2v5`V 2 Hotel du Gouvernement, Québec, P-Q. Monsieur le Ministre, Nous vous remercions de l'intérêt que vous portez à l'industrie minière et particulièrement à la possibilité de la réouverture de notre propriété de lithium, située à Barraute, en Abitibi. Le retard à répondre à votre lettre du 9 décerbre 1971, est du à un assez long travail nécessité pour l'étude des coûts qui a été faite- Vous trouverez ci-joint, l'étude comparative des coûts de produc- tion du carbonate de lithium de 1963 qui vous ont été pré- sentés avec ceux que nous prévoyons pour 1972. ri est à remarquer que les coûts de 1963 sont bases sur une production annuelle de 2,000, 000 lbs de carbonate et ceux de 1972 le sont sur une production possible de 7,000;000 lbs. De plus, nous vous envoyons, sous même pli, les détails des coûts de 1972. Dans votre lettre, il est mentionné "si les alumineries peuvent fort bien, utiliser le lithium dans leur production, l'aluminium produ_t avec ce procédé est d'utilisation difficile par .les clients des alumineries mêmes, au stade de la transformation des lingots d'aluminium en produits finis". D'après les informations que nous avons, 1' Alcan n' util ise pas encore sur une base industrielle le lithium dans son procédé.
    [Show full text]
  • Laurence Kavanagh Phd Thesis 2018.Pdf (8.375Mb)
    Comparative Hydro-geochemistry: Distribution of Metal Ions in Groundwater, Surface Water, Soils and Plants in the South East of Ireland. By Laurence Kavanagh A Thesis presented for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Submitted to the Institute of Technology, Carlow Supervisors: Mr Jerome Keohane; Dr Guiomar Garcia-Cabellos; Dr Andrew Lloyd; and Dr John Cleary. External Examiner: Dr Teresa Curtin Internal Examiner: Dr Kieran Germaine i DECLARATION I certify that this thesis, submitted in line with the requirements for the award of PhD, (Philosophiae doctor) is entirely my own work and has not been taken from the work of others save and to the extent that such work has been cited and acknowledged within the text. This thesis was prepared according to the regulations for postgraduate study by research of the Institute of Technology Carlow and has not been submitted in whole or in part for an award in any other Institute or University. The work reported in this thesis conforms to the principles and requirements of the Institute's guidelines for ethics in research. Signature ___________________________Date _______________ i Dedication: For my beautiful fiancée Sarah and my children Holly and Jacob. “Remember life is what happens while you’re busy” ii Acknowledgements This work would not have been possible without the assistance of many people and is the culmination of countless pep talks and the occasional dressing down. To my supervisor Dr Andrew Lloyd, I owe an enormous debt of gratitude for all the times you have patiently guided me through a swamp of statistics, purple prose, and for your ability to rein in my lofty ideas.
    [Show full text]
  • The Lithium Market
    The Lithium Market Lithium (chemical symbol: Li) is the lightest of all metals. It does not occur as a pure element in nature but is contained within mineral deposits or salts, including brine lakes and seawater. The contained concentration of lithium is generally low and there are only a limited number of resources where lithium can be conomically extracted. Lithium and its chemical compounds exhibit a broad range of beneficial properties including: The highest electrochemical potential of all metals. An extremely high co-efficient of thermal expansion. Fluxing and catalytic characteristics. Acts as a viscosity modifier in glass applications. Chemical Applications: Lithium can be processed to form a variety of chemicals including lithium carbonate, lithium bromide, lithium chloride, butyl lithium and lithium hydroxide. The fastest growing and second largest market for lithium globally is for use in batteries. Other Applications: • Rechargeable batteries for a variety of devices like mobile phones, laptops, digital camera and more utilize lithium. • Certain non-rechargeable batteries for items like clocks and pacemakers also make use of the metal. • Lithium metal can also to form alloys with aluminum or magnesium, which is used for armor plating and in aircraft, bicycles, and trains. • Lithium carbonate is used in the field of making glass and ceramics. It is also involved in producing aluminum. • Lithium stearate is used in cosmetics, plastics, and its grease is used in aircraft and marine applications as well as other areas. Lithium use in Batteries: Lithium has a number of uses but one of the most valuable is as a component of high energy-density rechargeable lithium-ion batteries.
    [Show full text]