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KEANEKARAGAMAN JAMUR PENYEBAB PENYAKIT PADA BUAH NAGA Hylocereus Undatus (Haw) Britton & Rose DI DESA PASIRAN KECAMATAN PERBAUNGAN SUMATERA UTARA

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KEANEKARAGAMAN JAMUR PENYEBAB PENYAKIT PADA BUAH NAGA Hylocereus Undatus (Haw) Britton & Rose DI DESA PASIRAN KECAMATAN PERBAUNGAN SUMATERA UTARA KEANEKARAGAMAN JAMUR PENYEBAB PENYAKIT PADA BUAH NAGA Hylocereus undatus (Haw) Britton & Rose DI DESA PASIRAN KECAMATAN PERBAUNGAN SUMATERA UTARA SKRIPSI OLEH: ARDINA 130301074 AGROTEKNOLOGI- HPT PROGRAM STUDI AGROTEKNOLOGI FAKULTAS PERTANIAN UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2018 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA KEANEKARAGAMAN JAMUR PENYEBAB PENYAKIT PADA BUAH NAGA Hylocereus undatus (Haw) Britton & Rose DI DESA PASIRAN KECAMATAN PERBAUNGAN SUMATERA UTARA SKRIPSI OLEH: ARDINA 130301074 AGROTEKNOLOGI- HPT Skripsi Sebagai Salah Satu Syarat untuk Mendapat Gelar Sarjana di Program Studi Agroteknologi Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Sumatera Utara,Medan PROGRAM STUDI AGROTEKNOLOGI FAKULTAS PERTANIAN UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2018 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Judul : Keanekaragaman jamur penyebab penyakit pada tanaman buah naga (Hylocereus undatus (Haw) Britton & Rose) di Desa Pasiran Kecamatan Perbaungan Sumatera Utara Nama : Ardina NIM : 130301074 Prodi : Agroekoteknologi- HPT Diketahui Oleh: Komisi Pembimbing Ir. Lahmuddin Lubis, MP Dr. Ir. Marheni, MP Ketua Komisi Pembimbing Anggota Komisi Pembimbing Mengetahui, Dr.Ir. Sarifuddin, MP Ketua Program Studi Agroekoteknologi UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ABSTRAK ARDINA. Keanekaragaman jamur penyebab penyakit pada tanaman buah naga (Hylocereus undatus (Haw) Britton & Rose) di Desa Pasiran Kecamatan Perbaungan Sumatera Utara Dibimbing oleh LAHMUDDIN LUBIS DAN MARHENI Buah naga (Hylocereus sp.) merupakan tanaman tergolong famili Cactaceae (kaktus-kaktusan) dan berasal dari Meksiko dan Amerika Tengah. Kehilangan hasil yang berarti akibat penyakit belum banyak dilaporkan di Indonesia atau bahkan di negara lain. Hama dan penyakit dapat berpotensi menyebabkan masalah di masa yang akan datang, mengingat tanaman ini semakin banyak dibudidayakan di Indonesia. Masih minimnya penelitian tentang tanaman buah naga khususnya di Sumatera Utara mengakibatkan sulitnya petani dalam melakukan pengendalian karena petani belum mengetahui penyakit-penyakit yang dijumpai pada tanaman tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi jamur yang menyebabkan penyakit pada tanaman buah naga (Hylocereus sp.). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kecamatan Perbaungan dan di Laboratorium Penyakit Tanaman Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Sumatera Utara . Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei dimana pengambilan sampel dengan menggunakan metode accidental sampling yaitu teknik pengambilan sampel dilakukan sesuai dengan kebutuhan dengan mengamati gejala serangan secara visual pada setiap bagian tanaman dan membiakkan di laboratorium untuk memperoleh biakan murni dan dilakukan identifikasi secara mikroskopis. Parameter yang diamati adalah gejala serangan penyakit pada tanaman, pengamatan secara makroskopis, pengamatan secara mikroskopis, dan data pendukung quesioner. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jamur yang menyebabkan penyakit di pertanaman buah naga di Desa Pasiran diantaranya adalah bercak orange atau busuk cokelat (Fusarium sp.), antraknosa (Colletotrichum sp.), bercak cokelat (Gleosporium sp.), bercak orange buah (Altenaria sp.) dan Rhizoctonia solani. Kata Kunci: Buah Naga, Budidaya buah naga, penyakit buah naga, UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ABSTRACT ARDINA. The variety of fungi that cause disease in dragon fruit plants (Hylocereus undatus (Haw) Britton & Rose) In Village of Pasiran Kecamatan Perbaungan North Sumatera Supervised by LAHMUDDIN LUBIS And MARHENI Dragon fruit (Hylocereus sp.) Is a plant belonging to the family Cactaceae (cacti) and originated in Mexico and Central America. Significant disease loss results have not been widely reported in Indonesia or in other countries. Pests and diseases can potentially cause problems in the future, Remembered that these crops are increasingly cultivated in Indonesia. Still lack of research on dragon fruit plants, especially in North Sumatra resulted in the difficulty of farmers in control because farmers do not know the diseases found in these plants. The purpose of this study was to identify the fungus that causes the disease in dragon fruit plants (Hylocereus sp.). This research was done in Kecamatan Perbaungan and in Plant Disease Laboratory Faculty of Agriculture, University of North Sumatra. This research uses survey method where sampling using accidental sampling method is that sampling technique is done according to requirement by observing visual attack symptom on every part of plant and breed in laboratory to get pure culture and microscopic identification. Parameters observed were symptoms of plant disease attack, macroscopic observation, microscopic observation, and quesionary support data. The results showed that the fungus causing the disease in the dragon fruit plantation in Village of Pasiran were orange or brown spots (Fusarium sp.), Anthracnose (Colletotrichum sp.), Brown spots (Gleosporium sp.), Orange berries (Alternaria sp) and Rhizoctonia solani. Keywords: Dragon Fruit, Cultivation dragon fruit, dragon fruit disease. UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA RIWAYAT HIDUP Ardina, penulis dilahirkan di Landbaw, Perdagangan Kabupaten Simalungun pada tanggal 24 Juli 1995 dari Ayah Sunarto dan Ibu Yusiani . Penulis anak ke-2 dari 3 bersaudara. Pendidikan yang ditempuh oleh penulis dimulai dari Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Al-hikmah Marihat Bandar lulus tahun 2007, MTs Negeri Bandar Perdagangan lulus tahun 2010, SMA Negeri 1 Bandar Perdagangan lulus tahun 2013. Pada tahun 2013 penulis diterima di Fakultas Pertanian USU program studi Agroteknologi melalui jalur SNMPTN. Kegiatan yang pernah diikuti oleh penulis selama mahasiswa adalah menjadi Departemen Hubungan Mahasiswa Himpunan Mahasiswa Agroteknologi (HIMAGROTEK) Periode 2015-2016, Menjadi Delegasi 1st Youth Congress of Agriculture di Institut Pertanian Bogor pada tahun 2015, menjadi sekretaris dalam kegiatan Ekspedisi Nasional Sinabung oleh FORMATANI (Forum Mahasiswa Agroekoteknologi/ Agroteknologi Indonesia) pada tahun 2016, menjadi sekretaris bidang penelitian dan pengembangan di UKM Ikatan Mahasiswa Perlindungan Tanaman (IMAPTAN) periode 2016- 2017, menjadi Bendahara Umum Himpunan Mahasiswa Islam (HMI) Komisariat Fakultas Pertanian USU periode 2017-sampai sekarang. Dan menyelesaikan jenjang training LK 1 (Latihan Kader 1) dan LKK (Latihan Khusus Kohati) di HMI Cabang Medan. Penulis menyelesaikan Praktek Kerja Lapangan (PKL) di Perkebunan Kelapa sawit PTPN IV Unit Usaha Kebun Ajamu Labuhan Batu pada bulan juli-agustus 2016. i UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA KATA PENGANTAR Puji dan syukur penulis ucapkan kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa karena atas berkat dan rahmat-Nya, sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan proposal penelitian ini dengan baik. Adapun judul dari proposal ini adalah “Keanekaragaman jamur penyebab penyakit pada tanaman buah naga (Hylocereus undatus (Haw) Britton & Rose) di desa pasiran kecamatan perbaungan sumatera utara” dan sebagai salah satu syarat untuk mendapatkan gelar sarjana di Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan. Pada kesempatan ini penulis mengucapkan terima kasih Kepada Bapak Ir. Lahmuddin, MP sebagai Ketua Komisi Pembimbing dan Ibu Dr. Ir. Marheni, MP., sebagai Anggota Komisi Pembimbing yang senantiasa membimbing dan memberikan ilmu pada proses penyusunan proposal ini, dan tidak lupa kepada teman-teman sekalian yang telah banyak membantu hingga proposal ini dapat diselesaikan. Penulis menyadari bahwa proposal ini masih jauh dari sempurna, oleh karena itu penulis mengharapkan kritik dan saran yang membangun demi perbaikan proposal ini. Akhir kata, semoga proposal ini dapat bermanfaat bagi kita semua. Medan, Februari 2018 Penulis ii UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA DAFTAR ISI KATA PENGANTAR ........................................................................................ i DAFTAR ISI ....................................................................................................... ii DAFTAR TABEL .............................................................................................. iii DAFTAR GAMBAR .......................................................................................... iv DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ....................................................................................... v PENDAHULUAN Latar Belakang ...................................................................................... 1 Tujuan Penelitian .................................................................................. 3 Hipotesis Penelitian ............................................................................... 4 Kegunaan Penulisan .............................................................................. 4 TINJAUAN PUSTAKA Sistematika Tanaman ........................................................................... 5 Syarat Tumbuh Buah Naga ..................................................................... 8 Iklim ................................................................................................. 8 Tanah ............................................................................................... 8 Penyakit Pada Tanaman Buah Naga ....................................................... 9 Jamur Penyebab Penyakit Pada Tanaman Buah Naga............................ 11 Penyakit Bercak cokelat atau busuk cokelat ................................... 11 Gejala Serangan ................................................................. 12 Penyakit Antraknosa Pada Sulur Buah ............................................ 12 Gejala Serangan ................................................................. 13 Penyakit Bercak Orange Buah ........................................................
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