DOCSLIB.ORG

Tea Harvest Underway

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Tea Harvest Underway 4 | Monday, March 18, 2019 CHINA DAILY CHINA Safety of food at schools scrutinized Local authorities ordered to inspect operations, report findings by April 15 By WANG XIAOYU Hong, the school principal, should [email protected] take primary responsibility for the defective management, weak China’s market regulator has enforcement of food safety regula- ordered local food watchdogs to carry tions and inability to resolve dis- out safety inspections at schools and putes connected with the scandal. A report their findings before April 15. new principal has been appointed to The move was announced over improve the quality of education the weekend, following World Con- and logistics services on campus. sumer Rights Day, which falls on An investigation found that noo- March 15 each year. It is also the lat- dles made from potato starch in the est step in controlling food safety school’s cafeteria were moldy, while hazards after moldy food found at a all other food was found to be safe. primary school in Chengdu, Sich- Food safety concerns affecting uan province, sparked an outcry. children were spotlighted by China Rescuers search the landslide site in Xiangning county, Linfen, Shanxi province, on Saturday. WEI LIANG / CHINA NEWS SERVICE Zhang Mao, minister of the State Central Television during a program Administration of Market Regula- devoted to consumers on Friday to tion, said a host of issues, including mark World Consumer Rights Day. inadequate training of food safety Business misconduct and violations supervisors, unreliable suppliers, are exposed during the show. 10 dead as landslide topples residences in Shanxi outdated facilities and patchy quali- One prominent example this year ty control, have made ensuring food revealed unsanitary conditions at By WANG KEJU in Beijing around 6 pm on Friday in Linfen’s because of its depth, he said, add- search was continuing for those safety at schools a complex and facilities where spicy gluten strips are and SUN RUISHENG in Taiyuan Xiangning county. Two residential ing that the roads were narrow and missing, with the help of rescue arduous task. made. The strips are a cheap snack buildings, a makeshift house and a blocked by collapsed buildings, dogs and life detectors. This year, incidents of food con- popular with teenagers and omni- At least 10 people died after a public bathhouse were toppled. which blocked the progress of More than 700 people, including tamination at schools should be present at food stalls near schools. landslide toppled residential build- The Ministry of Emergency heavy rescue equipment. public security officers, armed lower than 2018, Zhang said, and The revelation prompted the ings in Shanxi province on Friday, Management issued a Level IV A crack that appeared on the police, emergency rescue workers the proportion of catering services State Administration of Market Reg- local authorities said on Sunday. emergency response, the lowest in surface of the mountain where the and medical staff have taken part on campuses that employ a trans- ulation to urge immediate probes Ten others were missing. the four-level system. Vice-Minis- landslide occurred is widening, in the rescue effort. parent working environment sub- into companies named in the expose As of 10 am Sunday, 16 people ter Fu Jianhua led a team to the site and there is considerable rockfall, The local government has also ject to public supervision should in Henan and Hunan provinces. had been pulled out of the debris and guided the rescue work. which seriously jeopardizes the organized an experts group to con- reach 70 percent. Wider inspections of the industry and sent to the hospital, but three He Ning, deputy director of the safety of the rescue team, he add- duct a secondary disaster assess- The Ministry of Education and that makes spicy strips and other died after medical treatment fail- operations training department of ed. ment and set up 24-hour the National Health Commission low-priced snacks targeting teens ed. Seven bodies were found at the the ministry’s fire and rescue There were 79 people in the area observation stations. People in the will join forces to hold school princi- will also be carried out, according to site. Three of the reported 13 bureau told CCTV that the rescue when the landslide occurred, 46 of surrounding area were evacuated pals accountable for providing a statement published by the admin- injured people had been dis- operation faced many difficulties. whom made their way out of the to ensure their safety. acceptable food to students, and istration hours after the gala. charged from hospital after treat- The massive landslide made it danger zone by themselves. Thir- enhance monitoring and research Local regulatory bodies are also ment. difficult for the rescue team to find teen were rescued, the local gov- Contact the writers at on food-borne diseases, a confer- taking action to verify and address The landslide occurred at people still unaccounted for ernment said, adding that the [email protected] ence held on Saturday determined. consumer grievances voiced during The Chengdu incident came to the show. light last week when photos of rot- The market regulation adminis- Tea harvest ting meat, bread products and vege- tration in Xiantao, Hubei province, Party expels underway tables — purportedly taken at the has sealed all products at a local dia- primary school affiliated with per company that was reported to Chengdu No 7 High School Develop- have used substandard materials. ex-national As temperatures rise, the tea ment School — circulated online. Market watchdogs in Jiangsu and harvest begins on a farm dedi- Dozens of students reported diar- Zhejiang provinces have launched cated to poverty alleviation in rhea or stomach pains. spot checks on Grandma’s Home, a energy chief Danzhai, Guizhou province, on Local authorities said on Sunday well-known restaurant chain serv- Sunday. The farm is divided that the principal has been removed ing homestyle dishes, after one into small parcels, which are and the school board will be reshuf- branch was found to have violated accused of contracted to sponsors. Fees fled. All food stored in the campus hygiene regulations in its kitchen. paid by the sponsors are used cafeteria has been taken away, The problem store was suspended, in part to pay the wages of the according to an earlier statement. and dozens of others were ordered misconduct pickers. YANG WENBIN / XINHUA Local authorities said Jiang to make corrections. Nur Bekri, former head of the National Energy Adminis- tration, has been expelled from the Communist Party of 3 parents detained over China and dismissed from public office over serious viola- tions of Party discipline and fake photos of bad food laws including taking bribes, Subway security officer suspended for the country’s top anti-graft bodies announced on Satur- By CHINA DAILY people separately taking photos on day. ordering woman to remove makeup Tuesday after putting ginger pow- The Central Commission for Three parents in Chengdu, Sich- der, a yellow seasoning, onto chick- Discipline Inspection and the uan province, have been detained en, and one of them throwing red National Supervisory Commis- By ZHENG CAIXIONG ger and to netizens, and will try to visor to remove her “heavy” for faking photos of food in a pri- yeast rice onto the tripe. sion said in a statement that in Guangzhou further improve its work and makeup before entering. mary school’s cafeteria to make it Police said the trio went to the they had conducted an investi- [email protected] management to provide even bet- “Your makeup has problems; it’s appear moldy, the information school with other parents to ask gation into Nur Bekri, who had ter service,” it said. terrible,” she told the passenger, office of the municipal government about food problems that some par- also served as deputy head of A female supervisor in charge of The subway operator said it who was wearing a long black said on its social media account on ents had recently revealed online. the National Development and security checks at a subway sta- welcomed suggestions and over- dress and Goth-style makeup. Sunday. The canteen operator promised at a Reform Commission. tion in Guangzhou, Guangdong sight by passengers and netizens “Why did they ask me to remove The parents released photos of meeting that it would remove all the Investigators province, has been suspended and and will join hands with public my makeup when I did not violate supposedly moldy food on Tuesday frozen food and seasoning from found evidence will receive remedial training aft- security bodies and other depart- any law or regulation for taking and said their children had diar- some relatively unknown brands. that Nur Bekri er asking a woman to remove her ments to create a civilized, harmo- the train?” the passenger asked rhea and blood in their stools after “Parents saw the removal and took advantage makeup before being allowed to nious and safe climate for the later in a social media post. eating in the cafeteria. misunderstood it as destroying evi- of his positions enter the station. city’s underground railway ser- The post sparked public atten- Thirty-six students were taken to dence,” the police told Red Star to help others In a statement released on its vice. tion and concern, with most neti- the hospital for health checks on News. “They had conflicts with with employ- WeChat account on Saturday The incident occurred on zens criticizing the security staff. Wednesday, but health authorities workers removing the food and ment promo- night, Guangzhou Metro said a March 10, when a woman was Guangzhou’s Line 2 runs said no food-related problems were took photos of the food to keep as Nur Bekri tions, operations thorough investigation had found stopped by security guards at between Jiahewanggang, in Bai- found.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Transmission of Han Pictorial Motifs Into the Western Periphery: Fuxi and Nüwa in the Wei-Jin Mural Tombs in the Hexi Corridor*8
    DOI: 10.4312/as.2019.7.2.47-86 47 Transmission of Han Pictorial Motifs into the Western Periphery: Fuxi and Nüwa in the Wei-Jin Mural Tombs in the Hexi Corridor*8 ∗∗ Nataša VAMPELJ SUHADOLNIK 9 Abstract This paper examines the ways in which Fuxi and Nüwa were depicted inside the mu- ral tombs of the Wei-Jin dynasties along the Hexi Corridor as compared to their Han counterparts from the Central Plains. Pursuing typological, stylistic, and iconographic approaches, it investigates how the western periphery inherited the knowledge of the divine pair and further discusses the transition of the iconographic and stylistic design of both deities from the Han (206 BCE–220 CE) to the Wei and Western Jin dynasties (220–316). Furthermore, examining the origins of the migrants on the basis of historical records, it also attempts to discuss the possible regional connections and migration from different parts of the Chinese central territory to the western periphery. On the basis of these approaches, it reveals that the depiction of Fuxi and Nüwa in Gansu area was modelled on the Shandong regional pattern and further evolved into a unique pattern formed by an iconographic conglomeration of all attributes and other physical characteristics. Accordingly, the Shandong region style not only spread to surrounding areas in the central Chinese territory but even to the more remote border regions, where it became the model for funerary art motifs. Key Words: Fuxi, Nüwa, the sun, the moon, a try square, a pair of compasses, Han Dynasty, Wei-Jin period, Shandong, migration Prenos slikovnih motivov na zahodno periferijo: Fuxi in Nüwa v grobnicah s poslikavo iz obdobja Wei Jin na območju prehoda Hexi Izvleček Pričujoči prispevek v primerjalni perspektivi obravnava upodobitev Fuxija in Nüwe v grobnicah s poslikavo iz časa dinastij Wei in Zahodni Jin (220–316) iz province Gansu * The author acknowledges the financial support of the Slovenian Research Agency (ARRS) in the framework of the research core funding Asian languages and Cultures (P6-0243).
    [Show full text]
  • Hawes.Pdf (390.5Kb)
    Reinterpreting Law in the Song: Zheng Ke’s Commentary to the “Magic Mirror for Deciding Cases” Colin Hawes University of Alberta, Canada One problem facing scholars of Chinese legal history is the lack of authentic pre- modern case materials and judicial interpretations of the law. Though abundant case records from the Qing period have been preserved in historical archives and in comprehensive collections like the Conspectus of Penal Cases (Xing’an huilan 刑案匯 覽), very few such materials from earlier periods have survived.1 The vast majority of legal case records that do survive from the Ming and earlier periods are not verbatim transcripts of actual court judgments but brief summaries recorded in the biographies of eminent judicial officials or imperial edicts and other government documents. These were occasionally collected into legal “casebooks” and published with the aim of helping local magistrates to learn investigative and adjudicative techniques.2 Yet due to their brevity, we cannot always be sure that such case summaries accurately reflect the complete methods and procedures adopted by judges in the courts. Also, because the casebooks generally include judgments from many different periods, and it is not always clear whether they are intended to be positive or negative examples, we cannot rely on them to give a clear and unified picture of the legal system at the time when they were published. These problems limit the usefulness of pre-Qing legal casebooks, and force scholars to make generalizations about pre-modern Chinese legal practices based almost exclusively on evidence from Qing sources.3 There are two ways to salvage something useful for legal scholars from the heterogeneous wreckage of the pre-Qing casebooks.
    [Show full text]
  • UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA Los Angeles the Qin
    UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles The Qin and Literati Culture in Song China A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Asian Languages and Cultures by Meimei Zhang 2019 © Copyright by Meimei Zhang 2019 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION The Qin and Literati Culture in Song China by Meimei Zhang Doctor of Philosophy in Asian Languages and Cultures University of California, Los Angeles, 2019 Professor David C Schaberg, Chair My dissertation examines the distinctive role that the qin played in Chinese literati culture in the Song dynasty (960-1279) through its representations in literary texts. As one of the earliest stringed musical instruments in China, the qin has occupied a unique status in Chinese cultural history. It has been played since ancient times, and has traditionally been favored by Chinese scholars and literati as an instrument of great subtlety and refinement. This dissertation focuses on the period of the Song because it was during this period that the literati developed as a class and started to indulge themselves in various cultural and artistic pursuits, and record their experiences in literary compositions as part of their self-fashioning. Among these cultural pursuits, the qin playing was an important one. Although there have been several academic works on the qin, most of them focus on the musical aspects of the instrument. My project aims to reorient the perspective on the qin by revealing its close relationship and interaction with the literati class from a series of ii historical and literary approaches. During the Song, the qin was mentioned in a multiplicity of literary texts, and associated with a plethora of renowned literary figures.
    [Show full text]
  • Flowers Bloom and Fall
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by ASU Digital Repository Flowers Bloom and Fall: Representation of The Vimalakirti Sutra In Traditional Chinese Painting by Chen Liu A Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy Approved November 2011 by the Graduate Supervisory Committee: Claudia Brown, Chair Ju-hsi Chou Jiang Wu ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY December 2011 ABSTRACT The Vimalakirti Sutra is one of the classics of early Indian Mahayana Buddhism. The sutra narrates that Vimalakirti, an enlightened layman, once made it appear as if he were sick so that he could demonstrate the Law of Mahayana Buddhism to various figures coming to inquire about his illness. This dissertation studies representations of The Vimalakirti Sutra in Chinese painting from the fourth to the nineteenth centuries to explore how visualizations of the same text could vary in different periods of time in light of specific artistic, social and religious contexts. In this project, about forty artists who have been recorded representing the sutra in traditional Chinese art criticism and catalogues are identified and discussed in a single study for the first time. A parallel study of recorded paintings and some extant ones of the same period includes six aspects: text content represented, mode of representation, iconography, geographical location, format, and identity of the painter. This systematic examination reveals that two main representational modes have formed in the Six Dynasties period (220-589): depictions of the Great Layman as a single image created by Gu Kaizhi, and narrative illustrations of the sutra initiated by Yuan Qian and his teacher Lu Tanwei.
    [Show full text]
  • 9.2Resettlement, Compensation and Rehabilitation Plans for Affected Commonweal Units
    RP202 VOL. 5 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Liede Resettlement Implementation Plan Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized I . ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Table of Contents 1. General ..................................................... 9 1.1 Project overview ....................................................... 9 1.1.1 Brief introduction ..................................................... 9 1.1.2 General Situation of Project Zone ................. ................................... 10 1.2 Analyses of the economic environment of the project resettlement ............... ................. 12 1.2.1 Objective of the analysis of the economic environment of the resettlement .......... 12 1.2.2 Socioeconomic characteristics of the project area .................................................. 13 1.2.3 Analysis of the employment environment in the project area for the PAPs with low income 14 1.2.4 Analyses of the business environment for small businesses and shops in the project area 17 1.3 Summarization for Project Resettlement .20 1.3.1 Explanation for resettlement in the area of Waster Water Treatment Plant .......... 20 1.3.2 Explanation of the data source of the current resettlement of this project .............. 21 1.3.3 Update of the resettlement data ...................................................... 23 1.3.4 Total quantity of the resettlement ............. ............... Error! Bookmark not defined. 1.3.5 Characteristics of the resettlement ............................................ 24 1.3.6 Estimation of the resettlement cost ............................................ 26 1.4 Measures to be taken to minimize the quantity of resettlement.27 1.5 Explanation of this Resettlement Implementation Plan.27 1.5.1 In obedience to the Resettlement Policy .27 1.5.2 Explanation of the chapter arrangement of the Resettlement Implementation Plan27 1.6 Classificationof the impacted areas of the project .28 1.7 General list of the affected land and housings.28 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Capitamalls Asia Limited Asia’S Leading Mall Developer, Owner and Manager
    CapitaMalls Asia Limited Asia’s Leading Mall Developer, Owner and Manager Singapore •China •Malaysia • Japan •India Acquisition of Shopping Mall in Guangzhou 20 November 2013 Disclaimer This presentation may contain forward-looking statements that involve assumptions, risks and uncertainties. Actual future performance, outcomes and results may differ materially from those expressed in forward- looking statements as a result of a number of risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Representative examples of these factors include (without limitation) general industry and economic conditions, interest rate trends, cost of capital and capital availability, competition from other developments or companies, shifts in expected levels of occupancy rate, property rental income, charge out collections, changes in operating expenses (including employee wages, benefits and training costs), governmental and public policy changes and the continued availability of financing in the amounts and the terms necessary to support future business. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which are based on the current view of management on future events. The information contained in this presentation has not been independently verified. No representation or warranty expressed or implied is made as to, and no reliance should be placed on, the fairness, accuracy, completeness or correctness of the information or opinions contained in this presentation. Neither CapitaMalls Asia (“CMA”) or any of its affiliates, advisers or representatives shall have any liability whatsoever (in negligence or otherwise) for any loss howsoever arising, whether directly or indirectly, from any use, reliance or distribution of this presentation or its contents or otherwise arising in connection with this presentation. The past performance of CMA is not indicative of the future performance of CMA.
    [Show full text]
  • Chinese Architecture and Metaphor: Song Culture in the Yingzao Fashi
    Feng Jiren Jiren Feng ,KTMENIE;.6OTJJ 63 Introduction Between the carpenter’s weight strings and marking lines [is something] close to government order and enlightenment (繩墨之 間鄰於政教). Li Hua, “Hanyuandian fu” 1 When the Tang (618–907) scholar Li Hua 李華 (715–766) composed his poetic essay dedicated to the Enfolding-Vitality Hall (Hanyuandian 含 元殿, built in 663), the most magnifi cent building in the imperial palace compound in Chang’an 長安 (modern Xi’an), he lent a special meaning to the construction of architecture. Th e hall was where the court handled state aff airs and held grand ceremonies. While eulogizing the virtues and deeds of Emperor Gaozong (高宗 628–683, r. 649–683), the patron of the hall, Li Hua emphasized the importance of the “grand scope and magnitude” (宏模廓度) and “majestic structure” (壯麗棟宇)2 for the imperial palaces because these concerned state policy and moral edifi cation. Using two fundamental carpenter’s tools, sheng 繩 (weight strings or plumb lines) and mo 墨 (ink-marking lines), to represent the process of the construction of buildings, he expressed a remarkable idea: that the activity of the carpenter was in some way parallel or relevant to ideals of government. Specifi cally, the craftsmen’s regulating process could be seen as embodying government order and virtue. ,KTMEJEOTZXUOTJJ 63 2 INTRODUCTION Th is notion refl ects, more generally, the way that ancient Chinese literati perceived architecture and the built environment. From early times, many Chinese writers sang the praises of the “imperial virtues” by describing the process of the construction and striking architectural features of the majestic buildings patronized by a king or an emperor, with the implication that the architecture itself proclaimed or symbolized the ruler’s wisdom and virtue.
    [Show full text]
  • Text and Its Cultural Interpretation
    TEXT AND ITS CULTURAL INTERPRETATION I. Alimov MORE ABOUT SUN GUANG-XIAN AND BEI MENG SUO YAN1* There is very little information remaining about Sun “Generations [of the Song family] worked on the Guang-xian (孫光憲, 895?—968, second name land, but only Guang-xian began studying diligently Meng-wen 孟文, pen-name Baoguang-zi 葆光子); from a young age”, even his exact date of birth is not known [1]. His life- time came at the very end of the Tang rule, the period it is stated in Song dynastic history. Sun Guang-xian of the Five Dynasties and the first years of the Song was the first in his family who resolved to escape from dynasty. Information on where Sun came from is also poverty, and set his mind on science, book-learning, contradictory: well-known Song bibliophile Chen arts and achieved considerable results in these areas. Zheng-sun (陳振孫, 1190—1249) wrote in his bibliog- He followed the path of an official: he successfully raphy [2] that Sun Guang-xian was originally from passed the examinations and joined the public service Guiping in the region of Lingzhou (in the north-east and his first appointment the post of administrative part of what now is the Renshouxian district of assistant of his home region of Lingzhou [6]. The au- Sichuan province) [3], and the meagre biography of thor of “Springs and Autumns of the Ten Kingdoms”, Sun Guang-xian in Song dynastic history (j. 483) says Qing historian Wu Zhi-yi (吳志伊, second half of the same. Still, one of the most well-known works by 17th—first half of 18th century), says that it was at the him Bei meng suo yan (北夢瑣言, “Short Sayings from end of the rule of the Tang dynasty.
    [Show full text]
  • Integration and Transformation: a Study of the Sun and the Moon Depicted in the Imagery of Fuxi and Nüwa
    DOI: 10.4312/as.2019.7.2.13-45 13 Integration and Transformation: A Study of the Sun and the Moon Depicted in the Imagery of Fuxi and Nüwa ∗ Jinchao ZHAO 1 Abstract The present research focuses on the depiction of the sun and moon in the imagery of Fuxi and Nüwa during the Han and Wei-Jin periods. Through typological and iconographical approaches, it proposes four primary modes in terms of the ways in which the sun and the moon are combined with Fuxi and Nüwa. It contributes to the current field by providing new perspectives for readdressing some issues that remain underexplored. First, it challenges the over-absolute identification of the earliest representation of Fuxi and Nüwa in a pair, and that of Changyi and Xihe, another set of paired deities recorded to be in close relation to the celestial world, in Western Han mural tombs from the Luoyang area, and instead suggests a shift of focus to the recognisable distinctions in visual details, such as the chronological se- quence of the application of the first and second modes in the Luoyang Han tomb paintings, and the masculine appearances of both the deities depicted in the Western Han Qianjingtou tomb. Further examinations of the development and dissemination of each mode through the Han and Wei-Jin eras reveals complicated interactions between different regions and exchanges of motif with other forms of imagery. The local tradition of depicting Fuxi and Nüwa, together with that of the depiction of the sun and moon in Nanyang, has been incor- porated into the formation of the sun and moon in anthropomorphic representations in the Southwest.
    [Show full text]
  • Whose Xinjiang?The Transition in Chinese Intellectuals'imagination Of
    2011 WHOSE XINJIANG? THE TRANSITION IN HARVARD-YENCHING CHINESE INTELLECTUALS’ IMAGINATION INSTITUTE WORKING OF THE “NEW DOMINION” DURING THE PAPER SERIES QING DYNASTY Jia Jianfei | Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Whose Xinjiang? The Transition in Chinese intellectuals’ imagination of the “New Dominion” during the Qing dynasty Jia Jianfei Abstract: Though Xinjiang (literarily the ―New Dominion‖) was incorporated into China’s territory permanently in the mid-18th century during Emperor Qianlong’s reign, Jiayu Guan (嘉 峪关) still marked a boundary between Xinjiang and China proper, much like Yang Guan (阳关) and Yumen Guan (玉门关) in the Han and Tang dynasties. Such a boundary was infused with cultural meaning since ancient times: it separated different cultures, and territories beyond the pass were accordingly not be regarded as part of China. This understanding of cultural boundaries deeply influenced Han Chinese officials and intellectuals; no wonder few Han Chinese supported the Qing emperors’ military plans in Xinjiang during the conquest. Even after the Qing conquest of Xinjiang, such conceptions remained relevant and fueled controversy over Xinjiang, lasting to the end of Qing dynasty and even into the Republic. However, these ideas gradually weakened over time, resulting in the re-conquest of Xinjiang during the 1860s and 1870s by Zuo Zongtang (左宗棠), a Han Chinese, the establishment of Xinjiang province in 1884, and the swift development of Xinjiang-studies during the Guangxu reign period (1875-1908). Indeed, the place of Xinjiang in Han Chinese intellectuals’ imagination had changed significantly, and this change played a key role in the crystallization of modern China’s boundaries.
    [Show full text]
  • The Origin and Evolvement of Chinese Characters
    BI WEI THE ORIGIN AND EVOLVEMENT OF CHINESE CHARACTERS Writing, the carrier of culture and the symbol of human civilization, fi rst appeared in Sumer1. Like other ancient languages of Egypt and India, ancient Sumerian symbols have been lost in the process of history, but only Chinese characters still remain in use today. They have played a signifi cant role in the development of Chinese lan- guage and culture. This article intends to display how Chinese characters were creat- ed and how they were simplifi ed from the ancient form of writing to more abstract. Origin of Chinese characters Chinese characters, in their initial forms, were beautiful and appropriately refl ected images in the minds of ancient Chinese that complied with their understanding of reality. Chinese people selected the way of expressing meaning by fi gures and pic- tures, and Chinese characters begun with drawings. Three Myths in Ancient Times It is diffi cult to determine the specifi c time when the Chinese characters emerged. There are three old myths about the origin of Chinese characters. The fi rst refers to the belief that Chinese characters were created by Fu Xi – the fi rst of Three Sovereigns2 in ancient China, who has drew the Eight Trigrams which have evolved into Chinese characters. The mysterious Eight Trigrams3 used for divination are composed of the symbols “–” and “– –”, representing Yang and Yin respectively. 1 I.J. Gelb, Sumerian language, [in:] Encyclopedia Britannica Online, Encyclopedia Britannica, re- trieved 30.07.2011, www.britannica.com. 2 Worshiping the Three Sage Kings and Five Virtuous Emperors – The Imperial Temple of Emperors of Successive Dynasties in Beijing, Beijing 2007.
    [Show full text]
  • EXPANDING the LANDSCAPE of EARLY and HIGH TANG LITERATURE by XIAOJING MIAO B.A., Minzu University of China, 2011 M.A., Minzu University of China, 2014
    BEYOND THE LYRIC: EXPANDING THE LANDSCAPE OF EARLY AND HIGH TANG LITERATURE by XIAOJING MIAO B.A., Minzu University of China, 2011 M.A., Minzu University of China, 2014 A thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Colorado in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Asian Languages and Civilizations 2019 This thesis entitled: Beyond the Lyric: Expanding the Landscape of Early and High Tang Literature written by Xiaojing Miao has been approved for the Department of Asian Languages and Civilizations Dr. Paul W. Kroll, Professor of Chinese, Committee Chair Dr. Antje Richter, Associate Professor of Chinese Dr. Ding Xiang Warner, Professor of Chinese Dr. Matthias L. Richter, Associate Professor of Chinese Dr. Katherine Alexander, Assistant Professor of Chinese Dr. David Atherton, Assistant Professor of Japnanese Date The final copy of this thesis has been examined by the signatories, and we find that both the content and the form meet acceptable presentation standards of scholarly work in the above mentioned discipline. ii Miao, Xiaojing (Ph.D., Asian Languages and CivilizationEnglish) Beyond the Lyric: Expanding the Landscape of Early and High Tang Literature Thesis directed by Professor Paul W. Kroll This dissertation investigates what Tang (618-907) literature was in its own time, as opposed to how it has been constructed at later times and for different critical purposes. The core of this dissertation is to diversify and complicate our understanding of Tang literature, including Tang poetry, from the perspective of self-(re)presentation, and by bringing out certain genres, works, and literati that have been overlooked.
    [Show full text]