History of the Order from King Charles the Martyr
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A Brief History of the Medieval Knights Templar
A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE MEDIEVAL KNIGHTS TEMPLAR he medieval Knights Templar, best known to us today as the T famed warriors of the Crusades, were a devout military religious Order that uniquely combined the roles of knight and monk in a way the Western medieval world had never seen before. Originally they were known as the Poor Knights of Christ and the Temple of Solomon, or, more simply, as the Knights Templar. In a famous letter written in the 1130s, In Praise of the New Knighthood, St Bernard of Clairvaux elevated the Templar Order above all other Orders of the day, establishing the image of the Templars as a fierce spiritual militia for Christ. He regarded them as a "new species of knighthood, previously unknown in the secular world..." To him, they were a unique combination of knight and monk; to later historians, they were the first military order, soon imitated by the Knights Hospitaller, by several Spanish orders and, by the end of the 12th century, by the Teutonic Knights. As a holy militia fighting for Christ, the Templars were willing to put aside the usual temptations of ordinary secular life for an arduous, dedicated life of service. Ever since then, the legacy of the Templars has been –first and foremost - the concept of service. The Templars officially originated in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem in 1118 A.D., when nine knights, mainly French, vowed to protect pilgrims on the dangerous roads leading to Jerusalem. These courageous knights gained the favor of King Baldwin II of Jerusalem who granted them part of his palace for their headquarters, which was located in the southeastern part of the Temple Mount, called "Solomon's Temple". -
1 Templars in the Chartrain (1120-1312)
1 TEMPLARS IN THE CHARTRAIN (1120-1312) 1. INTRODUCTION So many stories and legends presented as historical truth1 have been told, and still are told, about the Templars and Chartres that it is important to try to assess within our period of interest—the twelfth and thirteenth centuries broadly defined—who they truly were and what influence, if any, they may have had in the region and, in particular, on the design and building of the cathedral as is often stated.2 The spiritual force that gave rise to the Templars has to be sought in the great evangelical awakening of the 11th century, which lasted throughout the 12th century, and that we see at work in the creation of the eremitical movement. In the words of Chenu:3 Looking over the movement as a whole and despite crossbreeding in it, one can discern two basic patterns of foundation on the level of action in the church. One was a special adaptation of the Christianized feudal institutes of knighthood: the Knights Templar and the Knights of the Holy Sepulchre served, both within Christendom and on its frontiers, as a militia of Christ, with the approval and active support of St. Bernard. 1 We have to guard here against the myths surrounding the Knights Templar, what Tyerman (2004, 3) calls “their popular elevation into a sinister, cultic, secret society, guardians of ancient mysteries, precursors of the Freemasons.” This, he says “reflects a false history… championed by…conspiracy theorists allied to cool money sharks bent on commercial exploitation of public credulity.” That is indeed wise and needed advice given the proliferation of books purporting to reveal the secrets and “codes” of enigmatic, shadowy organizations, not to mention films and entertainment exalting “chivalric feats.” However, the baby shouldn’t be thrown out with the bath water either. -
ORDER of CHRIST and the AGE of DISCOVERY Barbara Juršič OSMTH Slovenia [email protected] VK202101VIIICC04
VITEŠKA KULTURA, god. VIII (2021) CHIVALROUS CULTURE ISSN 2335-0067 ORDER OF CHRIST AND THE AGE OF DISCOVERY Barbara Juršič OSMTH Slovenia [email protected] VK202101VIIICC04 Abstract — Following the abolition of the Order of Templars, Order of Christ, along with the land between the towns of Portuguese king D. Dinis's envoys helped persuade Pope John Santarém and Tomar, including the fortified castle of Almourol, XXII to re-establish the Order in Portugal in 1319 with the Papal which to this day reigns in the middle of Portugal, symbolically bull under the new name Order of Christ, which continued in the middle between the country's north and southern part. nurturing Templar ideals and values. The Order played a vital After the Muslims conquered the holy city in 1291, Templars role in solidification of Portugal statehood and exile of »Islam« from the Pyrenees, and with the danger over, dedicated its efforts, settled down in Europe and found themselves with strong and particularly with the support of Prince Henry the Navigator, to mighty opponents such as king of France Philip IV and Pope discoveries of new, previously unexplored worlds. Not only Clement V who orchestrated the prosecution and abolishment discoveries of new territories, but also new developments in of the Templars. Besides being deeply indebted with the science culture and knowledge of the human linked to them, which Templars, King Philip IV also wanted to come into possession marked the tipping point from the medieval understanding into a of their mythic treasure that went on to disappear mysteriously. modern, renaissance perception of a man and humanity in Another legend that added to the mystification and hatred of general. -
On Loving God: De Diligendo Deo Free Ebook
FREEON LOVING GOD: DE DILIGENDO DEO EBOOK Bernard De Clairvaux | 95 pages | 31 Dec 2009 | Eremitical Press | 9781926777122 | English | United States On Loving God On Loving God: De Diligendo Deo Paperback – 31 Dec. by Bernard of Clairvaux (Author) out of 5 stars 10 ratings. See all formats and editions. Hide other formats and editions. His first book, On the Steps of Humility and Pride (De Gradibus Humilitatis et Superbiae), ingeniously expands on the teaching of St. Benedict's Rule about humility and communal living. In his treatise On Loving God (De Diligendo Deo) he describes man’s spiritual ascent to the love of God through the love of self and of neighbor. De diligendo Dei [On loving God] (in Latin). Outlines seven stages of ascent leading to union with God. Liber ad milites templi de laude novae militiae [In Praise of the new knighthood] (in Latin). Addressed to Hugues de Payens, first Grand Master and Prior of Jerusalem. This is a eulogy of the Knights Templar order, which had been instituted in , and an exhortation to the knights to conduct themselves with courage in their several stations. St. Bernard of Clairvaux However, Bernard goes into much more conceptual, soteriological detail in his later work, On Loving God (De diligendo Deo) (c. ). Herein, St. Bernard describes the degrees of love through which a soul should progress in rather abstract terms without much recourse to figurative language or imagery. His first book, On the Steps of Humility and Pride (De Gradibus Humilitatis et Superbiae), ingeniously expands on the teaching of St. Benedict's Rule about humility and communal living. -
The Sovereign Military Order of the Temple of Jerusalem
The Sovereign Military Order of the Temple of Jerusalem Priory of St. James, Toronto, Canada. Newsletter December 2010 Prior: H.E. the Rev'd Dame Nola Crewe, GOTJ And Greetings to the Dames, Knights, Postulants and Friends of the St James Priory: We present for your edification and entertainment, our December Newsletter. nnDnn Nola, Alastair, William & Harold Your Scribes Auld Lang Syne By Alastair McIntyre As this song is always sung to see in the New Year wherever you are in the world I thought I'd give you some background on it so you'll be knowledgeable for your friends when you bring in the New Year... Burns' name is not affixed to this world-famous song, and yet there can be no doubt it is chiefly his own. He admitted to Johnson that the two verses beginning respectively, "We tae hae ran about the braes," and "We twa hae paidl'd in the burn," are his own, although in sending the song to Mrs. Dunlop in December, 1788, and also is writing about it to Thomson, in September, 1793, he speaks of it as ancient. "Light be the turf," he says, "on the breast of the heaven-inspired poet who composed this glorious fragment! There is more of the fire of native genius in it than half-a-dozen of modern English Bacchanalians." "Apropos, is not the Scotch phrase Auld Lang Syne exceedingly expressive? This old song and tune has often thrilled through my soul." To Thomson he writes thus:- "The air is but mediocre; but the song of itself - the song of the olden times, and which has never been in print, nor even in manuscript, until I took it down from an old man's singing - is enough to recommend any air." This is certainly the most famous song to come from the pen of Robert Burns, the inspiration coming from an old Scots ballad. -
Military Orders (Helen Nicholson) Alan V. Murray, Ed. the Crusades
Military Orders (Helen Nicholson) activities such as prayer and attending church services. Members were admitted in a formal religious ceremony. They wore a religious habit, but did not follow a fully enclosed lifestyle. Lay members Alan V. Murray, ed. The Crusades. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, 2006, pp. 825–829. predominated over priests in the early years, while the orders were still active in military affairs. The military order was a form of religious order first established in the first quarter of the twelfth The military orders were part of a religious trend of the late eleventh and early twelfth century toward century with the function of defending Christians, as well as observing the three monastic vows of wider participation in the religious life and more emphasis on action as against contemplation. The poverty, chastity, and obedience. The first military order was the Order of the Temple, formally Cistercian Order, founded at the end of the eleventh century, allowed laity from nonnoble families to established in the kingdom of Jerusalem in January 1120, while the Order of the Hospital (or Order of enter their order to perform manual tasks; orders of canons, founded in the late eleventh and early St. John of Jerusalem) began in the eleventh century as a hospice for pilgrims in Jerusalem and later twelfth centuries, could play an active role in society as priests working in the community, unlike on developed military responsibilities, perhaps as early as the mid-1120s. The Templars and traditional monks who lived enclosed lives in their monasteries. In the same way, the military orders Hospitallers became supranational religious orders, whose operations on the frontiers of Christendom did not follow a fully enclosed lifestyle, followed an active vocation, and were composed largely of laity: were supported by donations of land, money, and privileges from across Latin Christendom. -
A Brief Account of the Military Orders in Spain
PENINSULAR SERIES OF AMERICA HISPANIC NOTES AND MONOGRAPHS THE MILITARY ORDERS IN SPAIN The Pax of Ucles A BRIEF ACCOUNT OF THE MILITARY ORDERS IN SPAIN BY GEORGIANA GODDARD KING, M.A. Professor of the History of Art, Bryn Mawr College Member of the Hispanic Society of America PUBLISHED BY THE HISPANIC SOCIETY OF AMERICA New York 1921 Copyright, 1921, by THE HISPANIC SOCIETY OF AMERICA TO A GREAT AND GENEROUS LOVER OF SPAIN 49S97 MILITARY ORDERS viii IN SPAIN IX ^ Romantic Figures 131 D. Juan de Sotomayor 133 ^ D. Gomez de Caceres 144 Queen Isabel Ends All 154 ^ Lesser Orders; Monte Gaudio . 155 Trujillo 159 !1 S. George of x\lfama 160 The Hospice 163 ^ Montesa 164 Great Figures 169 ^ Santiago . _^. 172 ![ Friends of God 177 IfUcles 182 *[ Early History 186 ^ St. James as Psychopompos ... 189 Apparitions 190 ^1 Dissensions 194 5f A Guzman Interposed 196 ^ Battle of Salada 199 ^ The Master D. Fadrique 203 Romance 208 ^[ Tapestry Figures 213 ^ Peribanez 214 English and Spanish Plays . 216 ^ The Infants of Aragon 217 Character of D. Enrique . .222 AND MONOGRAPHS X IN SPAIN XI ILLUSTRATIONS THE PAX OF UCLES. Frouttsptece Published by the Exposition of 1904 at Saragossa. EACING PAGE the castle of calatrava ... 24 calatrava: mountain rock . 100 This and the foregoing were taken on the expedition of Miss E. H. Lowber for the Society in 1919-20. THE BRIDGE OF ALCAnTARA . 108 A Spanish photograph in the files of the Society. GRECO : A KNIGHT PRESENTED BY S. JULIAN 142 This is probably a knight of Alcan- tara, wrongly restored as Julian Romero; from Cossio, El Greco. -
The Templar Rule of Order the Primitive Rule
The Templar Rule Of Order The original Latin Rule of Order was penned with the assistance of the young Cistercian Abbott, Bernard of Clairvaux. The rule is very similar to the modified Benedictine rule used by the Cistercian order. This makes perfect sense as the two orders were closely related and linked. The Primitive Rule of the Templars This translation of the original, or primitive, Rule of the Templars is based on the 1886 edition of Henri de Curzon, La Régle du Temple as a Military Manual, or How to Deliver a Cavalry Charge. It represents the Rule given to the fledgling Knights of the Temple by the Council of Troyes, 1129, although "it must not be forgotten that the Order had been in existence for several years and had built up its own traditions and customs before Hugues de Payens' appearance at the Council of Troyes. To a considerable extent, then, the Primitive Rule is based upon existing practices." (Upton-Ward, p. 11) This translation is excerpted from Judith Upton-Ward's The Rule of the Templars, Woodbridge: The Boydell Press, 1992, and is reprinted here with permission. The Rule of the Templars includes an introduction by Upton-Ward; it also contains the Templars' Primitive Rule and the Hierarchical Statutes; regulations governing penances, conventual life, the holding of ordinary chapters, and reception into the Order; and an appendix by Matthew Bennett, "La Régle du Temple as a Military Manual, or How to Deliver a Cavalry Charge." The book is highly recommended to those interested in the Templars or any other military order. -
The Mystery of the Va Ished Fleet
THE MYSTERY OF THE VAISHED FLEET By Alan Mason The most wealthy and powerful private organisation in England, with its own lands and buildings, was arbitrarily closed down by the government and its assets were seized. However, its fleet of ships escaped and seem to have vanished into thin air. Here is a mystery; how could this happen? It was all a long time ago, back in the early fourteenth century, to be precise. The government was that of King Edward II and the private organisation was the Knights Templar. 1. The Templar Fleet at Sea The history of the Knights Templar and the story of their suppression is a very large topic about which much has been written. In this essay I want to look at the issue of the English Templar fleet, but for non-specialist readers it is essential first to understand something of the complex historical background. PILGRIMS IN THE HOLY LAND After the time of Jesus, and for many centuries, Christian pilgrims visited the Holy Land, or Palestine, to see places associated either with the life of Jesus, or the Old Testament prophets. The religion of Islam, or Mohammedanism arose in the seventh century and after the death of Mohammed in 632 AD it erupted out of Arabia, over the Middle East, and North Africa, often forcibly converting Christian and Jewish communities at the point of a sword; (“Islam or Death”). 1 By 638 Jerusalem had surrendered to the forces of the Muslim Caliph Omar. The Holy Land was also sacred to Muslims because they saw themselves as successors of Abraham, and Christian and Jewish pilgrims continued to be tolerated by the Islamic authorities, partly because of the money they brought in. -
Sir Walter Scott's Templar Construct
Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and private study only. The thesis may not be reproduced elsewhere without the permission of the Author. SIR WALTER SCOTT’S TEMPLAR CONSTRUCT – A STUDY OF CONTEMPORARY INFLUENCES ON HISTORICAL PERCEPTIONS. A THESIS PRESENTED IN FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN HISTORY AT MASSEY UNIVERSITY, EXTRAMURAL, NEW ZEALAND. JANE HELEN WOODGER 2017 1 ABSTRACT Sir Walter Scott was a writer of historical fiction, but how accurate are his portrayals? The novels Ivanhoe and Talisman both feature Templars as the antagonists. Scott’s works display he had a fundamental knowledge of the Order and their fall. However, the novels are fiction, and the accuracy of some of the author’s depictions are questionable. As a result, the novels are more representative of events and thinking of the early nineteenth century than any other period. The main theme in both novels is the importance of unity and illustrating the destructive nature of any division. The protagonists unify under the banner of King Richard and the Templars pursue a course of independence. Scott’s works also helped to formulate notions of Scottish identity, Freemasonry (and their alleged forbearers the Templars) and Victorian behaviours. However, Scott’s image is only one of a long history of Templars featuring in literature over the centuries. Like Scott, the previous renditions of the Templars are more illustrations of the contemporary than historical accounts. One matter for unease in the early 1800s was religion and Catholic Emancipation. -
Secret of Knights Templar.Pdf
Concept Discover the secrets of the most mysterious and powerful knightly order of the Middle Ages; The Knights Templar. From the rise of their heavenly power through their fall within the ames of diabolism. From to the traditions of their supposed secret survival and their ocial legacies bridging the Holy Land and the European continent. Summary Templar knights in their distinctive white mantles with a red cross, brave in the face of death rather than eeing from the enemy, ghting for Christ and the Pope in the Holy Land during the Crusades. This documentary series aims at reconstructing, for the rst time, in a complete fashion the evolution of the knights belonging to the Order of Solomon’s Temple, whose original goal was to protect pilgrims during their travels to Jerusalem after the victory of the Crusaders at the First Crusade. The Knights Templar grew in power and wealth becoming the earliest banking institution of the Middle Age. They were so rich that they nanced the King of France and benetted from a direct and exclusive link with the Pope. Through three episodes of 45 minutes each, you will discover the developments that led the Templars to extreme power and subsequently to becoming the target of an unprecedented campaign of hatred aiming to place them beyond the boundaries of humanity itself through inexpressible accusations of diabolism and monstrosity. Within two centuries, they were tortured, killed, burnt at the stake and completely extinct. The secrets and mysteries of their rise and fall will be attentively reconstructed by an accurate recourse to historical records which will also lead you through a time voyage in the period following the destruction of the Order. -
Philip David Handyside Class of 2006 “Rise
Philip David Handyside Class of 2006 “Rise and Fall of the Knights Templar: From Power to Persecution” History (major) May 2006-10-24 With gratitude to E. Kurlander, K. Reiter, P. Steeves, and M. McNicholas Pledged: P. D. Handyside Approved: E. Kurlander, Faculty Advisor M. Venzke, Chair, History Senior Research Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for HY 499 Stetson University 6th December, 2005 Abstract Created around 1230 CE, the Poor Knights of Christ and of the Temple of Solomon were created in order to protect pilgrims on their journey through the new Christian kingdom in Palestine. Starting out as a small group, these warrior monks soon grew in power and prestige under the benefaction of St. Bernard and were charged with the protection of the Catholic Church by Pope Innocent II. Along with this favour bestowed upon them, the Templars quickly accumulated a great amount of wealth and territory across Europe. However, their power base was always in the Holy Land. The capture by Muslims of the city of Acre, the final Christian stronghold in Palestine, deprived them of this power base. Following this they were free to the predations of ambitious secular rulers, such as Philip IV of France. Philip, anxious to establish his authority and to acquire more revenue producing lands, was able to bring charges against the Templars accusing them of heresy which led to the eventual arrest and disbandment of the Knights Templar. The loss of their power base left the Templars vulnerable to condemnation by the society at large and, as such, they were unable to protect themselves, or be protected by others, when they came under threat.