DOCSLIB.ORG

Evolutionary Biology of the Invasive Northern Pacific Seastar, Asterias Amurensis

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Evolutionary Biology of the Invasive Northern Pacific Seastar, Asterias Amurensis Evolutionary Biology of the Invasive Northern Pacific Seastar, Asterias amurensis by Mark Richardson MSc, Bsc (Hons) Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Deakin University March 2015 “The greatest diffusion of my efforts” Anon Acknowledgements Firstly, I would like to thank my supervisors Craig Sherman and Jeff Ross for their enthusiasm, support, patience, and importantly the opportunity they gave me. Thank you also for your mentorship and encouragement throughout, it has been a challenging but rewarding experience and I hope, just the start of some exciting collaborations. To my fantastic wife, Chelsea, without you this would not have been possible. Your support has been unbelievable. Thank you for motivating me throughout and giving me a push at the right time during the arduous writing up. Thank you so much for picking up all the slack that enabled me to focus on this: I have a lot of making up to do and can’t wait to be home with the family more often now. To Hamish, you put everything in perspective for me. I hope some day you are proud of Dad. To my family, both abroad and here in Australia, thank you for your continuous encouragement and support. I am grateful for every opportunity you have given me that got me to this point. To Mum, thank you for the proofreading, you are a gem. To members of the Sherman Lab – Adam Cardilini, Kim Weston, Aimee Hauser, Julia Kent, Tim Smith, Paul York and Dan Lees – thank you for your assistance, advice and companionship (and Adam, endless philosophical debates), you made the experience incredibly enjoyable. Your friendship means a lot to me. To my colleagues – Lee Ann Rollins, Chris Cowled, James Wynne, Kate Buchannan and Rick Shine – thank you for the great advice, discussions i and for comments on this thesis. Thank you also to members of the CIE for their friendship, mentorship and stimulating discussions. I would like to thank Mieko Komatsu, Mariko Kondo, Koji Akasaka and especially, Miyuki Kaida for facilities and organizational help while in Japan. I am particularly indebted to Kotsuka-san for help in collecting seastars and during experimentation. Thank you also to Masakazu Aoki and members of his Lab, Tatsuya Sakamoto and Kazuhiro Saito for hosting us in Japan and for assisting seastar collections. Thanks are also due to Jim Rooks, David Cahill, Liz McGrath and Rod Watson for providing facilities for temperature treatments and larval rearing in Australia. Katrina Jantz from the Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment conducted cDNA library preparation and sequencing for data in Chapter 3, rapidly and at a fantastic price: thank you. Sequencing and cDNA library preparation was conducted commercially at Macrogen Inc, South Korea, for data from Chapters 4 and 5. Research was supported by a Holsworth Wildlife Research Endowment Award (RM23514), funding from the Centre for Integrative Ecology and an International PhD Scholarship (both Deakin University). The collection of adult seastars was conducted under the Victorian and Tasmanian state government noxious aquatic species permits (NP152, NP252, 11103). ii Table of Contents Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................... i Table of Contents ............................................................................................................ iii Abstract ................................................................................................................................ 1 Chapter 1. Introduction .................................................................................................. 4 1.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 4 1.2 Genetic architecture and evolutionary change in invasive species .................... 7 1.2.1 Genetic variation .................................................................................................................... 7 1.2.2 The influence of bottlenecks and founder events on genetic diversity ........... 8 1.2.3 Evolutionary change arising from mutation .......................................................... 10 1.2.4 Multiple introductions ...................................................................................................... 11 1.2.5 Migration between introduced populations ........................................................... 12 1.2.6 Phenotypic plasticity and epigenetic change ......................................................... 13 1.2.7 Hybridization ........................................................................................................................ 15 1.2.8 On what traits does selection act and when does it occur during the invasion process? ........................................................................................................................... 16 1.3 Application of next-generation sequencing to reveal genetic basis of evolutionary change in invasive species ............................................................................. 18 1.4 A new model, Asterias amurensis, to study evolutionary and invasive biology ............................................................................................................................................................. 20 1.4.1 Life history ............................................................................................................................. 23 1.5 PhD aims and objectives .................................................................................................... 25 1.6 References ............................................................................................................................... 27 Chapter 2. Rapid divergence and maintenance of genetic diversity during range expansion in an invasive marine invertebrate ....................................... 40 2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 40 2.2 Methods .................................................................................................................................... 44 2.2.1 Population genetic sampling and genotyping........................................................ 44 2.2.2 Genetic data analysis ........................................................................................................ 46 2.2.3 Hydrodynamic modelling ................................................................................................ 48 2.2.4 Plankton sampling and Asterias amurensis larval identification ................. 49 2.3 Results ....................................................................................................................................... 51 2.3.1 Genetic structure of native and invasive populations ......................................... 51 2.3.2 Hydrodynamic modelling ................................................................................................ 60 2.3.3 Identification of A. amurensis larvae in plankton samples .............................. 61 2.4 Discussion ................................................................................................................................ 63 2.4.1 Regional genetic structure of A. amurensis between the native and invasive ranges ................................................................................................................................................. 63 2.4.2 Local genetic structure and larval dispersal in the invasive range .............. 66 2.5 Conclusions ............................................................................................................................. 71 2.6 Supplementary Results....................................................................................................... 72 2.6.1 Genetic structure of native and invasive populations ......................................... 72 2.6.2 Fine-scale genetic structure of invasive populations including additional microsatellite loci .......................................................................................................................... 74 2.7 References ............................................................................................................................... 76 iii Chapter 3. De novo assembly and characterization of the invasive northern Pacific seastar transcriptome .................................................................................... 82 3.1 Background ............................................................................................................................. 82 3.2 Results and Discussion ....................................................................................................... 85 3.2.1 Sequencing and quality control .................................................................................... 85 3.2.2 Transcriptome assembly ................................................................................................. 85 3.2.3 Functional annotation ...................................................................................................... 89 3.2.4 Transcriptome comparison to the Bat star, Patiria miniata proteins ......... 94 3.2.5 Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG annotation ............................................................. 95 3.2.6 Identification of coding sequences and protein
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Diversity and Phylogeography of Southern Ocean Sea Stars (Asteroidea)
    Diversity and phylogeography of Southern Ocean sea stars (Asteroidea) Thesis submitted by Camille MOREAU in fulfilment of the requirements of the PhD Degree in science (ULB - “Docteur en Science”) and in life science (UBFC – “Docteur en Science de la vie”) Academic year 2018-2019 Supervisors: Professor Bruno Danis (Université Libre de Bruxelles) Laboratoire de Biologie Marine And Dr. Thomas Saucède (Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté) Biogéosciences 1 Diversity and phylogeography of Southern Ocean sea stars (Asteroidea) Camille MOREAU Thesis committee: Mr. Mardulyn Patrick Professeur, ULB Président Mr. Van De Putte Anton Professeur Associé, IRSNB Rapporteur Mr. Poulin Elie Professeur, Université du Chili Rapporteur Mr. Rigaud Thierry Directeur de Recherche, UBFC Examinateur Mr. Saucède Thomas Maître de Conférences, UBFC Directeur de thèse Mr. Danis Bruno Professeur, ULB Co-directeur de thèse 2 Avant-propos Ce doctorat s’inscrit dans le cadre d’une cotutelle entre les universités de Dijon et Bruxelles et m’aura ainsi permis d’élargir mon réseau au sein de la communauté scientifique tout en étendant mes horizons scientifiques. C’est tout d’abord grâce au programme vERSO (Ecosystem Responses to global change : a multiscale approach in the Southern Ocean) que ce travail a été possible, mais aussi grâce aux collaborations construites avant et pendant ce travail. Cette thèse a aussi été l’occasion de continuer à aller travailler sur le terrain des hautes latitudes à plusieurs reprises pour collecter les échantillons et rencontrer de nouveaux collègues. Par le biais de ces trois missions de recherches et des nombreuses conférences auxquelles j’ai activement participé à travers le monde, j’ai beaucoup appris, tant scientifiquement qu’humainement.
    [Show full text]
  • A Revision of Ophidiaster Davidsoni
    Foss. Rec., 23, 141–149, 2020 https://doi.org/10.5194/fr-23-141-2020 © Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. A revision of Ophidiaster davidsoni de Loriol and Pellat 1874 from the Tithonian of Boulogne (France) and its transfer from the Valvatacea to the new forcipulatacean genus Psammaster gen. nov. Marine Fau1, Loïc Villier2, Timothy A. M. Ewin3, and Andrew S. Gale3,4 1Department of Geosciences, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 6, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland 2Centre de Recherche en Paléontologie – Paris, Sorbonne Université, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France 3Department of Earth Sciences, The Natural History Museum London, Cromwell Road, South Kensington, London, UK, SW7 5BD, UK 4School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Burnaby Building, Burnaby Road, Portsmouth, PO13QL, UK Correspondence: Marine Fau ([email protected]) Received: 20 April 2020 – Revised: 20 June 2020 – Accepted: 23 June 2020 – Published: 28 July 2020 Abstract. Forcipulatacea is one of the three major groups 1 Introduction of extant sea stars (Asteroidea: Echinodermata), composed of 400 extant species, but only known from fewer than 25 Asteroidea (starfish or sea stars) is one of the most diverse fossil species. Despite unequivocal members being recog- echinoderm clades with approximately 1900 extant species nized in the early Jurassic, the evolutionary history of this (Mah and Blake, 2012) and around 600 extinct species (Vil- group is still the subject of debate. Thus, the identifica- lier, 2006) However, the fossil record of Asteroidea is rather tion of any new fossil representatives is significant. We here scarce (e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • The Anti-Tumor Activities of Cerebrosides Derived from Sea
    Journal of Oleo Science Copyright ©2012 by Japan Oil Chemists’ Society J. Oleo Sci. 61, (6) 321-330 (2012) The anti-tumor activities of cerebrosides derived from sea cucumber Acaudina molpadioides and starfi sh Asterias amurensis in vitro and in vivo Lei Du1, a, Zhao-Jie Li1, a, Jie Xu1, Jing-Feng Wang1, Yong Xue1, Chang-Hu Xue1, Koretaro Takahashi2 and Yu-Ming Wang1＊ 1 College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China (No.5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266003, P.R.China) 2 Division of Marine Life Science, Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University (Hakodate, 041-8611, Japan) a Lei Du and Zhao-Jie Li contributed equally to this work. Abstract: The present study was undertaken to examine the effect of cerebrosides derived from the sea cucumber Acaudina molpadioides and the starfi sh Asterias amurensis on the anti-tumor activity in vitro and in vivo. The results indicated that both Acaudina molpadioides cerebrosides (AMC) and Asterias amurensis cerebrosides (AAC) exhibited an inhibitory effect on cell proliferation through induction of apoptosis in S180 cells. Moreover, administration of AMC and AAC (50 mg/kg BW) on S180 tumor bearing mice reduced the tumor weight by 45.24 % and 35.71 %, respectively. In S180 ascites tumor model, AMC and AAC (50 mg/kg BW) treatment exhibited a signifi cant ascites fl uid growth inhibition of 31.23 % and 22.72 %. Furthermore, the ascites tumor cell viability ratio in AMC and AAC groups reduced to 50.89 % and 51.69 %, respectively. The life span of AMC and AAC administrated groups increased by 55.28 % and 35.77 % compared to control.
    [Show full text]
  • The Transport of Marine Life Across the Ocean on Tsunami Marine Debris 東日本大震災による津波にともなう漂着瓦礫がもたらした 海洋無脊椎動物の越境移動について
    The Transport of Marine Life Across the Ocean on Tsunami Marine Debris 東日本大震災による津波にともなう漂着瓦礫がもたらした 海洋無脊椎動物の越境移動について Saturday, May 20, 2017 James T. Carlton (Williams College, USA) John Chapman Oregon State University Jonathan Geller Moss Landing Marine Laboratories Jessica Miller Oregon State University Gregory Ruiz Smithsonian Environmental Research Center Our first “meeting” (encounter) in North America with Japanese Tsunami Marine Debris (JTMD): June 5, 2012, in Oregon • On the morning of Tuesday, June 5, 2012 • 451 days (14 1/2 months) after March 11, 2011 …….. • Morning beach walkers reported that a “large dock” had floated ashore near Newport, Oregon Port of Misawa, built 2008 7,000 km journey across the Pacific Ocean 2.2 meters 20 meters 5.8 meters The dock attracted much public attention, with more than 20,000 visitors in the summer of 2012 Mediterranean mussel Wakame Mytilus galloprovincialis Undaria pinnatifida 10s of 1000s of mussels dense layers of seaweed Inside the dock: the Japanese seastar (starfish) Asterias amurensis Examples of coastal organisms on “Misawa 1”: Landed Agate Beach, Oregon, June 4, 2012 Sea urchin Temnotrema sculptum Sea cucumber Havelockia Seastar Asterias Shore crab versicolor Semibalanus amurensis Hemigrapsus Megabalanus ECHINODERMS sanguineus cariosus rosa Crab BARNACLES Sea squirts Oedignathus Styela sp. inermis Oyster128 different species of Crassostrea Jassa marmorata, Jingle shell Japanese animals andKelp plants Ampithoe valida, gigas Anomia crossed the oceanUndaria to Halichondria Caprella spp. Cytaeum pinnatifida and 3 other AMPHIPODS (chinensis) North Americaand 29 species other species SPONGES BRYOZOANS: on ”Misawaof algae1” Chiton Clam Tricellaria, Mopalia Hiatella orientalis Cryptosula HYDROIDS spp. , seta Snail Mussels: (8 species) Watersipora Mitrella Mytilus galloprovincialis, moleculina M.
    [Show full text]
  • The Advantages of the Pentameral Symmetry of the Starfish
    The advantages of the pentameral symmetry of the starfish Liang Wua1, Chengcheng Jia1, Sishuo Wanga, and Jianhao Lvb a College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China b College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China 1 Joint first authors. Corresponding author Liang Wu College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China Tel: +86-10-62731071/+86-13581827546 Fax: +86-10-62731332 E-mail: [email protected] Chengcheng Ji E-mail: [email protected] Sishuo Wang E-mail: [email protected] Jianhao Lv E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Starfish typically show pentameral symmetry, and they are typically similar in shape to a pentagram. Although starfish can evolve and live with other numbers of arms, the dominant species always show pentameral symmetry. We used mathematical and physical methods to analyze the superiority of starfish with five arms in comparison with those with a different number of arms with respect to detection, turning over, autotomy and adherence. In this study, we determined that starfish with five arms, although slightly inferior to others in one or two aspects, exhibit the best performance when the four aforementioned factors are considered together. In addition, five-armed starfish perform best on autotomy, which is crucially important for starfish survival. This superiority contributes to the dominance of five-armed starfish in evolution, which is consistent with the practical situation. Nevertheless, we can see some flexibility in the number and conformation of arms. The analyses performed in our research will be of great help in unraveling the mysteries of dominant shapes and structures.
    [Show full text]
  • Sphingolipids of Asteroidea and Holothuroidea: Structures and Biological Activities
    marine drugs Review Sphingolipids of Asteroidea and Holothuroidea: Structures and Biological Activities Timofey V. Malyarenko 1,2,*, Alla A. Kicha 1, Valentin A. Stonik 1,2 and Natalia V. Ivanchina 1,* 1 G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-let Vladivostoku 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; [email protected] (A.A.K.); [email protected] (V.A.S.) 2 Department of Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Natural Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, Sukhanova Str. 8, 690000 Vladivostok, Russia * Correspondence: [email protected] (T.V.M.); [email protected] (N.V.I.); Tel.: +7-423-2312-360 (T.V.M.); Fax: +7-423-2314-050 (T.V.M.) Abstract: Sphingolipids are complex lipids widespread in nature as structural components of biomembranes. Commonly, the sphingolipids of marine organisms differ from those of terres- trial animals and plants. The gangliosides are the most complex sphingolipids characteristic of vertebrates that have been found in only the Echinodermata (echinoderms) phylum of invertebrates. Sphingolipids of the representatives of the Asteroidea and Holothuroidea classes are the most studied among all echinoderms. In this review, we have summarized the data on sphingolipids of these two classes of marine invertebrates over the past two decades. Recently established structures, properties, and peculiarities of biogenesis of ceramides, cerebrosides, and gangliosides from starfishes and holothurians are discussed. The purpose of this review is to provide the most complete informa- tion on the chemical structures, structural features, and biological activities of sphingolipids of the Asteroidea and Holothuroidea classes.
    [Show full text]
  • Asterias Amurensis Global Invasive
    FULL ACCOUNT FOR: Asterias amurensis Asterias amurensis System: Marine Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Animalia Echinodermata Asteroidea Forcipulatida Asteriidae Common name North Pacific seastar (English), Nordpazifischer Seestern (German), Japanese seastar (English), northern Pacific seastar (English), purple-orange seastar (English), flatbottom seastar (English), Japanese starfish (English) Synonym Parasterias albertensis , Verrill, 1914 Asterias rubens , Murdoch, 1885 Asterias pectinata , Brandt, 1835 Asterias nortonensis , Clark, 1920 Asterias anomala , Clark, 1913 Asterias amurensis , f. robusta Djakonov, 1950 Asterias amurensis , f. latissima Djakonov, 1950 Allasterias rathbuni nortonens , Verrill, 1909 Allasterias rathbuni , var. anom Verrill, 1909 Allasterias rathbuni , var. nort Verrill, 1914 Asterias amurensis , f. acervispinis Djakonov, 1950 Asterias amurensis , f. flabellifera Djakonov, 1950 Asterias amurensis , f. gracilispinis Djakonov, 1950 Similar species Pisaster brevispinus, Pisaster giganteus, Pisaster ochraceus Summary Originally found in far north Pacific waters and areas surrounding Japan, Russia, North China, and Korea, the northern Pacific seastar (Asterias amurensis) has successfully invaded the southern coasts of Australia and has the potential to move as far north as Sydney. The seastar will eat a wide range of prey and has the potential for ecological and economic harm in its introduced range. Because the seastar is well established and abundantly widespread, eradication is almost impossible. However, prevention and control measures are being implemented to stop the species from establishing in new waters. view this species on IUCN Red List Global Invasive Species Database (GISD) 2021. Species profile Asterias amurensis. Pag. 1 Available from: http://www.iucngisd.org/gisd/species.php?sc=82 [Accessed 06 October 2021] FULL ACCOUNT FOR: Asterias amurensis Species Description Asterias amurensis (northern Pacific seastar) can grow upto 50cm in diameter.
    [Show full text]
  • Controlling the Northern Pacific Seastar (Asterias Amurensis) in Australia
    FINAL REPORT FOR THE AUSTRALIAN GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT AND HERITAGE CONTROLLING THE NORTHERN PACIFIC SEASTAR (ASTERIAS AMURENSIS) IN AUSTRALIA Prepared by Michaela Dommisse and Don Hough Marine Strategy Department of Sustainability and Environment (DSE) March 2004 © The State of Victoria, Department of Sustainability and Environment 2002 Sate of Victoria disclaimer This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. Australian Government disclaimer The views and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Australian Government or the Minister for the Environment and Heritage. While reasonable efforts have been made to ensure that the contents of this publication are factually correct, the Commonwealth does not accept responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of the contents, and shall not be liable for any loss or damage that may be occasioned directly or indirectly through the use of, or reliance on, the contents of this publication. 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................................................... 4 LIST OF FIGURES.....................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • THE ECHINODERM NEWSLETTER Number 22. 1997 Editor: Cynthia Ahearn Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History Room
    •...~ ..~ THE ECHINODERM NEWSLETTER Number 22. 1997 Editor: Cynthia Ahearn Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History Room W-31S, Mail Stop 163 Washington D.C. 20560, U.S.A. NEW E-MAIL: [email protected] Distributed by: David Pawson Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History Room W-321, Mail Stop 163 Washington D.C. 20560, U.S.A. The newsletter contains information concerning meetings and conferences, publications of interest to echinoderm biologists, titles of theses on echinoderms, and research interests, and addresses of echinoderm biologists. Individuals who desire to receive the newsletter should send their name, address and research interests to the editor. The newsletter is not intended to be a part of the scientific literature and should not be cited, abstracted, or reprinted as a published document. A. Agassiz, 1872-73 ., TABLE OF CONTENTS Echinoderm Specialists Addresses Phone (p-) ; Fax (f-) ; e-mail numbers . ........................ .1 Current Research ........•... .34 Information Requests .. .55 Announcements, Suggestions .. • .56 Items of Interest 'Creeping Comatulid' by William Allison .. .57 Obituary - Franklin Boone Hartsock .. • .58 Echinoderms in Literature. 59 Theses and Dissertations ... 60 Recent Echinoderm Publications and Papers in Press. ...................... • .66 New Book Announcements Life and Death of Coral Reefs ......•....... .84 Before the Backbone . ........................ .84 Illustrated Encyclopedia of Fauna & Flora of Korea . • •• 84 Echinoderms: San Francisco. Proceedings of the Ninth IEC. • .85 Papers Presented at Meetings (by country or region) Africa. • .96 Asia . ....96 Austral ia .. ...96 Canada..... • .97 Caribbean •. .97 Europe. .... .97 Guam ••• .98 Israel. 99 Japan .. • •.••. 99 Mexico. .99 Philippines .• . .•.•.• 99 South America .. .99 united States .•. .100 Papers Presented at Meetings (by conference) Fourth Temperate Reef Symposium................................•......
    [Show full text]
  • Contributions to the Classification of the Sea-Stars of Japan. : II
    Contributions to the Classification of the Sea-stars of Japan. : II. Forcipulata, with the Note on the Relationships Title between the Skeletal Structure and Respiratory Organs of the Sea-stars (With 11 Plates and 115 textfigures) Author(s) HAYASHI, Ryoji Citation 北海道帝國大學理學部紀要, 8(3), 133-281 Issue Date 1943-03 Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/27045 Type bulletin (article) File Information 8(3)_P133-281.pdf Instructions for use Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers : HUSCAP , \ Contributio~s to the Classification of the Sea"stars ,of Japan. n. Forclpulata, with the Note on the Rela.. tionships between the Skeletal Structure and Respiratory Organs of the Sea"starsU Ryoji Hayashi Research Institute for Natural Resources (With 11 plates and 115 te::etjigures) It is the second report o{ the writer's investigation on the sea­ stars of Japan, undertaken under the guidance of Prof. Tohru Uchida and contains the following 41 forms belonging to the three families, Brisingidae, Zoroasteridae and Asteriidae. These families are all included in the .order Forcipulata. From Japanese waters 18 species of Forcipulata have previously been reported. 'l'hey all belong to the family Asteriidae, except Sladen's two species of Brisingidae. , The species newly recorde~ are marked with asterisk. Family Brisingidae * Odinia pacifica forma sagamiana n. forma * Odinia aust't'ni forma japonioo n. forma * Parabrisinga, pellucida n. sp. ' Brisingellaarmillata (SLADEN) * Freyellaster Fecundus forma ochotJensis n. forma * Freyellaster mtermedius n. sp. Freyella pennata SLADEN Family Zoroasteri~e * Zoroaster orientalis n. sp. * Zoroasterorientalis n. sp. forma gracilis n. forma * Zoroaster ophia.ctis FISHER * Zoroaster micropoTus FISHER * Cnemidaster 'wyvillii .SLADEN" 1) : Contributions from the Akkeshi Marine Biologi~al Station, No.
    [Show full text]
  • Benthic Field Guide 5.5.Indb
    Field Identifi cation Guide to Heard Island and McDonald Islands Benthic Invertebrates Invertebrates Benthic Moore Islands Kirrily and McDonald and Hibberd Ty Island Heard to Guide cation Identifi Field Field Identifi cation Guide to Heard Island and McDonald Islands Benthic Invertebrates A guide for scientifi c observers aboard fi shing vessels Little is known about the deep sea benthic invertebrate diversity in the territory of Heard Island and McDonald Islands (HIMI). In an initiative to help further our understanding, invertebrate surveys over the past seven years have now revealed more than 500 species, many of which are endemic. This is an essential reference guide to these species. Illustrated with hundreds of representative photographs, it includes brief narratives on the biology and ecology of the major taxonomic groups and characteristic features of common species. It is primarily aimed at scientifi c observers, and is intended to be used as both a training tool prior to deployment at-sea, and for use in making accurate identifi cations of invertebrate by catch when operating in the HIMI region. Many of the featured organisms are also found throughout the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean, the guide therefore having national appeal. Ty Hibberd and Kirrily Moore Australian Antarctic Division Fisheries Research and Development Corporation covers2.indd 113 11/8/09 2:55:44 PM Author: Hibberd, Ty. Title: Field identification guide to Heard Island and McDonald Islands benthic invertebrates : a guide for scientific observers aboard fishing vessels / Ty Hibberd, Kirrily Moore. Edition: 1st ed. ISBN: 9781876934156 (pbk.) Notes: Bibliography. Subjects: Benthic animals—Heard Island (Heard and McDonald Islands)--Identification.
    [Show full text]
  • Analysis of Red King Crab Data from the 2014 Alaska Department of Fish and Game Trawl Survey of Norton Sound
    Fishery Data Series No. 15-40 Analysis of Red King Crab Data from the 2014 Alaska Department of Fish and Game Trawl Survey of Norton Sound by Joyce Soong and Toshihide Hamazaki November 2015 Alaska Department of Fish and Game Divisions of Sport Fish and Commercial Fisheries Symbols and Abbreviations The following symbols and abbreviations, and others approved for the Système International d'Unités (SI), are used without definition in the following reports by the Divisions of Sport Fish and of Commercial Fisheries: Fishery Manuscripts, Fishery Data Series Reports, Fishery Management Reports, and Special Publications. All others, including deviations from definitions listed below, are noted in the text at first mention, as well as in the titles or footnotes of tables, and in figure or figure captions. Weights and measures (metric) General Mathematics, statistics centimeter cm Alaska Administrative all standard mathematical deciliter dL Code AAC signs, symbols and gram g all commonly accepted abbreviations hectare ha abbreviations e.g., Mr., Mrs., alternate hypothesis HA kilogram kg AM, PM, etc. base of natural logarithm e kilometer km all commonly accepted catch per unit effort CPUE liter L professional titles e.g., Dr., Ph.D., coefficient of variation CV meter m R.N., etc. common test statistics (F, t, χ2, etc.) milliliter mL at @ confidence interval CI millimeter mm compass directions: correlation coefficient east E (multiple) R Weights and measures (English) north N correlation coefficient cubic feet per second ft3/s south S (simple) r foot ft west W covariance cov gallon gal copyright degree (angular ) ° inch in corporate suffixes: degrees of freedom df mile mi Company Co.
    [Show full text]